A MODEL FARM How a Clergyman Lifted a Mortgage on a Pennsylvania Farm GUY ELL There is a farm in southeastern "Pennsylvania which the Department of Agriculture considers a model twen- tieth century farm. It consists of fif- teen acres, thirteen of which are in cultivation, the remaining two acres being occupied by buildings, yard, etc. This land came into the possession of the present owner—a minister of the Gospel-—in 1881 with a mortgage of $7,200 upon it. Improving the Soil. The soil of the farm is a reddish pomewhat gravelly clay. was it in 1881 that it did not support the two cows and one horse kept upon | it. age for thirty head of stock, seventeen of which are cows in miik. It has been brought up to its present remark- able state of fertility solely by the use of stable manure applied directly from the barn. The system of handling this manure is such that none is lost, either liquid or solid. No commercial fertil- fzers have ever heen used and no ma- nure has been hauled from the city. This is a practice greatly differing from that in vogue on the majority of So run down! Last year it raised all the rough-| OTT MITCHELL. [tematic is the work that the owner {may leave for a week without notice to the laborers, with no interruption {to the regular routine, The feeding of the cows, the handling of the milk, | keeping the barn clean and disposing {supervision on the part of the proprie- tor. There i8 no pasture on this farm for pastures on such high-priced land are out of the question. There i8 not even a barn lot, the thirty head of cattle remaining in the stalls the year round, We have been taught that this {is not a good practice, for it has been that milch cows need a cer {tain amount of exercise, vet it must be considered that the Danish cows stand in thelr stalls from November to May and are staked out in the field | supposed mark ranks high in the dairy industry and her cows are healthy. Balanced Rations a Necessity, Notwithstanding this extraordinary practice the bill for veterinary services past six years has been but $1.50, and Farm Buildings and the farms of this country, where the! wner seeing a dollar in sight for a! d of manure readily sells it to a] =A - ’ v Bb Applyi Manure lo the Land, ng the manure, are all worked out under | such a system that they require little | from May to November, and yet Den- | on this Pennsylvania farm during the | A duplicated on other farms, but it de pends on the soil and the man who has the management of it. It cannot he done by one who i8 not a student. A similar system may be developed on any dairy farm that disposes of pas tures. Where land i8 cheaper and the dairyman can afford pastures, the sys- tem would be radically different in summer but not in winter, Probably the most important single feature of this Pennsylvania farm aside from the systematic manner In which it is con- ducted is the one of handling the ma- | nure, The fact that the stock Is istabled the year round makes it pos. gible to save all the manure both liquid and solid »nd apply it to the land. Being applied daily as pro {duced, any leaching by rains, carries the leached materials into the soil {where it 18 needed. The remarkable yields of every portion of this farm {seem to indicate that this method of {handling manure is highly satisfac tory. nt A BIG EDITORIAL OFFICE. | The Department of Agriculture Pub- lishes Over Four Booklets for Every Day in the Year, | One of the biggest editorial offices the Government and probably in the Department of | Agric ulture where the Division of { Publications edits, revises, and in some cases returns to the authors for rewriting an average of four bul- leting or books for every day in the year. During the last fiscal year 1, 403 new publications passed through the editor's hands, nearly 400 of these, however, being issued by the Weather Bureau, which is under the Department of Agriculture. The to tal number of copies of the remain- ing 1,000 odd puulications printed dur- ing the year was 12,000,475. Many of these are generously illustrated, iin the country is in work of the Department, “I cannot believe that the farmers of the coun- try as a whole appreciate what a splendid mine of agricultural infor- mation exists In these farm bulletins, which they cap have for the asking. JOSEPH A Editor, Department « They cover and would uable farm library. they would form several large vol- umes prepared by the best agricul- tural experts in the country and the result of the widest and most exten sive scientific farm experiments ever made.” ARNOLD, f A 1 re I A wouiture, every make an practical subject xceedingly val- jound together ——————II—— cn em— KING ALFONSO'S SHOPPING. A Paris Millinery Shop Startled by and beside the grea number of orig inal photographs used, t artists of the Department make something over | 1,000 drawings a year for illustrating. The head of this Division, or the “Editor” of the Department as he is] known, is Mr William Hill, | an old-time iit paper, but he has held his position for many administrations, | “There have been very many rad | fecal changes,” said Mr. Hill, “in publications of the Department with- | in the last ten years. At one time, | the Agricultural Reports and oth« pamphlets and bulletins Issued were more or less technical, having the rep-| utation generally throughout the ¢ un. | try, of being written in about as dry and uninteresting a manner as gible. The present Secretary has con- tinually impressed upon his Chiefs of | Divisions the desirability of short, crisp articles and bulletins, especially in the annual Year Books, written in a practical and simple style, with the result that the Publications of the Department have come into very gen eral favor with the farmers and cagerly sought after, which Is dent by the enormous number of re 0 George edit of all sorts of farm work, stock rails. | this was made necessary by an accel dental injury to one of the cows. One regular breeder is fifteen years old, but | ing, fruit-growing, ete, and of which nearly 2560 have been published, are! by all odds the most popular of the rbor rather than apply it to his|is still vigorous and healthy, giving! Departments of Publications. . They | pwn soil, where its value might be three or four times as great. On the! model farm In Pennsylvania most of | the crops are fed to the stock and thus! largely return to the land in manure. Upon assuming management of the farm the owner with no previous ex- perience in farming began to read what agricultural literature was avall- able. One of the first books secured by aim was Quincy's little treatise on the spoiling of cattle, written in 1859. Soll | ing consists in cutting and giving | green feed in summer instead of allow. | ng the animals to run on pasture. | Fhis system adopted by the farm | ywner did not prove satisfactory the | frst year because no other feed wis| gsed and the cows did not do well In | sddition the manure was difficult to] aandle and it was not easy to keep the | jarn clean. Before the next season, | however, the new farmer had procured | Stewart's book on feeding animals and | from it learned his first lesson in! ‘balanced rations.” He also learned lo feed some dry hay with the soiling grops, thus giving the manure a proper sonsistency. Thenceforward the man- agement of the constantly growing herd of cows was a simple matter and the farm began not only to pay a profit but to incremse in fertility, so that within seven years the entire mort gage was paid off. The farm is strictly a dairy farm, the only products regularly sold being milk and a few head of young cattle h year. The cows are all registered erseys except one or two picked up at teighboring sales. They are not only re bred but well bred. Male calves, worthy of It, are reared for breeding purposes, but none is ever vealed, If 8 male calf Is not fit to ralse for a breeder it is killed at birth "ik doesn’t pay to feed $18 worth of meal to a calf that will sell for $7.” sald the owner. ‘The young cattle sold from this farm bring on an average $100 apiece, and about five are disposed of each year, The milk Is all sold at 25 cents a gal. lon the year round to a Stata institu. tion located two miles distant. The milk tests high, Is perfectly clean and free from adulteration, There Is never any complaint from the buyers; on the o'her hand, this farmer is considered a public benefactor. As soon as Lhe milk is drawn It is placed In perfectly clean cans standing in cold water some distance from the barn and stirred frequently to aerate it and ald the cooling. The milk vessels are never allowed to stand around uncleaned, but are washed as soon as the milk is re moved, first with cold water, then with boiling and finally again with cold water. The amount of milk produced from the soventeen cows is nearly the same at all seasons and averages about twenty-six gallons a day. While this yield of approximately 4.800 pounds a for each of the seventeen cows he! fs not enormous, by any means, ft Is good, The Income from the milk produced is about $2,400 a year. The outlay for concentrated feeding stuffs fis $6256 annually, Economy In Farm Labor. One man and a boy do the labor of milk enough to make it profitable to! retain her in the herd. Experts in the Department of Agriculture state that they have never seen a thriftier, better | kept lot of cows. Balanced rations are fed to them every day in the year, con- sisting of succulent material silage in winter, and rye, timothy and | clover, corn or peas and oats in sum- mer. A second portion is made up of | dry hay or fodder, which giv some | consistency to the manure. The third portion consists of meal products, of which three kinds are used--bran, oll- meal i gluten Many dalrymen would be surprised to learn that every cow on this farm has four ounces of | salt dally, mixed with her fodder, fir table belr invariably used ana evenly divided among the three feeds. | There are round silos on the farm each ten feet in diameter and thirt four feet high. These altogether hold | about 100 tons of silage and this quan- | tity of corn silage is produced on four acres, planted on June 22nd. Eleven men, three teams and a traction en gine to run the cutter are employed in filling the silos ™ SONG 08 an » Sait ig The proprietor of this farm has not adopted any rotation of crops, as every foot of land receives an abundance of manure every year or| two. There is but little trace of weeds and those that do grow are not of the undesirable kind. Intelligent methods of cultivation enabled the owner last year not only to produce all the rough- age required for thirty head of stock but to have left nearly 4,000 pounds of hay, which was sold. i Handling the Manure. The remarkable ylelds on this farm are due entirely to the intelligent use of stable manure. Most farmers waste more than half of the value of the manure produced on their farms. On this model farm every particle of the plant food Is utilized. The method of handling manure in this case can be used only on farms on which stock is kept in stalls and is therefore not ap plicable to all styles of stock-farming Behind each row of cows Is a gutter, eighteen Inches wide and seven inches deep. These gutters have no outlets They are thoroughly cleaned dally (the whole barn Is disinfected twice a week by a free use of creoline, and the Interior Is frequently white washed). When cleaned, the gutters are sprinkled with ashes or dry dirt to absorb what moisture may be pres. ent. During the day a quantity of absorbent, consisting of 'eaf mold, rot. ten sod, ete, is piaced In them. The manure is lifted from the gutters Into a cart backed up to the door and Is then taken directly off to the fields and spread over them. In summer 1 is applied to the land from which the polling crops are removed; In winter it is spread on the rye and grass fields, No manure is used on newly seeded grass lands, This Is the experience of a ploneer systematic Eos are brief, written in simple style and | {discuss subjects near to the heart of] {the agriculturist, Many of them have] been condensed and the longer and more tins, setting forth the haustive experiment 000,000 copies of th technical bulle- results of ex- More than 6. popular bulle- RL GEORGE WILLIAM HILL, Chief of the Publication Division, Department of Agriculture, tins were published and distributed last year. An active factor in the enormous work of editing the Agri cultural Publications is the assistant chief and editor of the Division, Mr. Joseph A. Arnold, whose knowledge of the practical side of Agricultural Publications is something amazing. The storage and distribution of this printed matter constitutes a large and important part of the Publication farmer starting In with no previous training, but going to work In a meth. odical manner to learn what he could from the experience of others. He has applied principles and business meth. ods. and has biased a path into a and yw no doubt Division's work, the document section occupying the entire space of a large four story bullding. The total ing bill of the Division for the year amounted to $268,172 Regie Of yoant DORIbHitisn There In that experience can be or of an agricultural |’ present | the | pos- | . are | , evi ¥ . quests for them.” Ph The Farmers’ Bulletins, descriptive |* w im rewritten from! Visit From the Spanish King. At i related in recent re 1omerits n the Rue] jf At r its ele-| pur- ice nat- flutter, few 0! CEI e : o . 1 { n genties n L hshr ful of 1 hats they 1! wait a en ‘ © reed r re In f promptly girls on | he great | i the | a ring | compan- | — VOL f : juick nop i | better | then, of d at ink of the Wg In simp! as‘1on nto the shop And | wed delighted them even] The mistress of the place had] advanced, and, courtesying low, had ut- tered one of those pretty compliments which our French friends have so libly at th tip of their tongues, when glibly his majesty smilingly replied: “I wish I want three; to such walks : ir ereign ore SCE SOME a a ne § y aun up together in of ] * masterpieces te ats took not ac and iz " “Well. 1 ne iment establi the i charmed with their women xp C Wrm—— IO A NON-PATENTABLE MEDICINE, Sree « Universally Uscd by the Medical Pro- fession, What is the most important remedy known to the medical profession? A guessing contest might be established upon this question which would doubt- less bring to the fore a great variety of remedies, yet, as stated by a very successful practitioner, there is one | medicine given to patients which phy- | picians find more important than any | other, Strange to say, this is the quite | universal and Ineffective “bread pill” which, after all, is not bread, but only so-called on account of its harmless nature. The bread pill is sometimes nothing more than a plain sugar pel- let, at others, where a liquid preserip- tion is given, a weak solution of sugar and water, or a mixture of powdered licorice or gentian, both harmless drugs when given in the weak propor tions prescribed by the doctor, Of course the principle use of the “bread pill” 1s In the case of a pa tient, who, Imagioing himself i, calls In his family physician, and the THE 3YEAROLD DAUGHTER OF A 15. YEAROLD JERSEY, Iatter, knowing his patient to be fectly well, ribes the “bread " ter of the disease or where they have not developed sufficiently for him to determine the true nature of the case, In this event he does not wish to dis- play his ignorance or what in reality may be but an apparent lack of knowl. edge, since at some stages it Is im- possible to accurately diagnose a case; but a frank admission of this kind would destroy the patient's confidence in his physician, And so at this junc- ture the “bread pill” steps in, Is given | to the glck person, with no apprehen- sion of any harm resulting therefrom, You can omrn iin 8 fay We trust yon ® for Biwing, weil the packing Sraphophones 8 oiler i 4 TRUE BLUE CO., Dept. 455, B —-— FREE BOOKS A splendid, handsomely Illustrated 250-page book “FOOD FOR PLANTS» should be in the Hibrary of every farmer who 1s inter= osted In making the soll yield the greatest possible returns, Until edition Is exhausted copies will be mailed free. Dend name and address on post card. Nitrate Propaganda, Andersgn B- ‘diag, NewYork ~ “Je rin, i LBS, 25 Cent Hie f WOODLAW N of. NURSERY, MALDEN, MASS, To give this catalogue the largest possible distr! Every Empty Envelope Counts as Cash To every one who will state where this advertisement was seen snd whe encloses Tem Cents (in stamps), we will mall the cat of charge, out famous B0«Cent '* Henderson ** Col ing ong packet each of Giant Mixed Sweet Prov; Grant Victoria Antevs mined; and White Tipped Scaviet Radish; in a coupon envelope, which and returned, will be accepted ss 8 25-cont cash payment on uy ord amounting ke fr.oo and upward, R [PETER HENDERSON & C0 is the title of Our New Catalogue for 1906—the most beauti= ful and instructive horticultural publication of the day -— 186 pages—700 engravings —7 superb colored plates— 7 duotone plates of vegetables and flowers - tion, we make the fullowing Neral offer ~ | lection of Giant Fancy Pamper, minedy t, and sien send free ceeds, COnLaite Henderson's Neo York Letruce; Early Ruby Tomatey het etn nt when em ISAT Conrianpy ST Mew fomn Cry If so, we A SAMPLE BURNER want to send you Ve be line of Acety ) lene Bu our burners. stamps to cover postag ™ 1 lieve we have t than we can explain here why Write us today, mention kind of Generator e¢, and we will send you A SAMPLE BURNER. O it would 1 W.}. CRANE COMPANY, 1131.33 Broadway Room 15 NEW YORE, N. V. HOW TO MAKE SCHOOL GARDENS. By H. D. Hemenway. This suggestive little bock is a practical manual of school gardening for both teacher and pupil, and supplies the first adequate work of the sort in this country This volume is based on actual experience (the author is an authority and director tr al of the Hartford School of Horticul CONTENTS: 1 e). Size, J x 7; pages, 107; binding, cloth; ill By special arrangement with Doubleday, Page & Co., I am able for the pre SPECIAL months to make the following x he GARDEN MAGAZINE is finely illustrated take adv at once to H. D. Hemenway, Hartford, Conneticut, its kind To should be sen published in America . » This offer may be withdrawn at any time. ntroduction; How to Make a Garden: Twenty-One Lessons in Garden Work—May to September; Bibliography Planting Seed, Potting, etc.; Root Grafting; Les Lessons in Greenhouse Wi us in Budding rk; ustrations, 28. OTL OFFER. How to Make School and th for $L00, and is the finest magazine of an of this special offer, orders tare tage ONLY ONE L IFE TO LIVE comes every month in How to Build a Home How to Live The Home Garden Music in the The Home Study Health in the Home Home Etiquette Little Folks in the Home Home Cheer Entertaining in the Home AND REMEMBER It tsn't made with a scissors and a paste pot, There's good ‘grey matter” goes into every page of it. There's human sympathy in every line of it. There's Home Cooking That's the Reason Why EVERYBODY should get the most out of life that they can. The place to get it is in the Home, and MAKWELL'S HOMEMAKER NACAZINE How to Make a Garden Around It How to Entertain In It —— Some of the regular departments of the magazine are the year and tells you In It How to Enjoy Life In It Home Hints to Homemakers originality and. genuine good hard common sense all through it. It don't under take to tell you how to be happy on a million a year, but it does tell you how to be happy on the modest income that so many millions live on who dent have a million a year to spend. And the magazine costs 10c. for One Whole Year---That's AH And it's worth ten dollars for its good suggestions about’ ife and health and homemaking. Send your dime or five two-cent stamps to MAXWELL'S HOMEMAKER MAGAZINE, 1409 Fisher Building, CHICAGO.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers