# don from Japan has not yet been learn and when President Roose volt falls to see itund demands only more battle ships, as the lesson of the great sea fight which has just been fought, he unfortunately diverts the minds of the people of this country from facts of supreme and overshad- owing importance, whicn should be burned into the public mind as by a stroke of lightning from every victory won by the Japanese, That lesson is the profoundly Im- portant fact that the Japanese man, the unit of her national strength, Is the product of a mode of life and an environment which combines the physical strength which comes only from the rural life—from living next to nature-with the mental activity and keenness which come from con- stant contact with his fellowmen-—the community life, A Nation of Gardeners. The Japanese are not a uation of farmers, as we understand the word. They are a nation of gardeners There is neither isolation nor couges- tion io thelr life. They dwell, the great majority of them, not iu, grea cities, but in closely settled rural com- munities, The ranch and the tene- ment are alike foreign to the life of the Japanese, The greatprinciple that mustcontrol our own national development hence forth is that the land shall be subdi- vided into the smallest tracts from which one man's labor will sustain a family In comfort, and that every child, boy or girl, in the public schools should be so trained in those schools that it will know how to til! such a tract of land for a lvellhood. nor military equipment, nor manu. facturing skill. Western nations will fail fully to grasp the secret of the dynamic Intensity of Japan today, and will dangerously underestimate the formidaee possibilities of tue Greater Japan--the pail Nippon—of tomorrow, until they begin to study seriously the agricultural triumphs of that empire, For Japan, more scientifically than auy other nation, past or present, has perfected the art of gending the roots of its civilization enduringly into the soil, “Progressive experts of high author. ity throughout tue Occident now ad mit that in all the annais of agri culture there is nothing that ever ap- proached the geientific skill of Sunrise husbandry, Patient diligence, with knowledge of the chemistry of soll and the physiology of plants, have yielded results that have astounded the most advanced agriculturists in Western nations." The Safe Foundation, The crention of the eonditions above deseribed under which the people of a pation are rooted to the soll lo homes of thelr own on the land, is not only good statesmanship and the highest patriotism, but it is the only safe foun- dation for an enduring national structure. To ignore and negleet this founda tion while we bulld battleships, equip | armies and annex islands and dig] Isthmian canals, is as fatal a mistake as it would be to build a twenty-story jon the earth For, in fuet, they are undeveloped. We have, as yet, hardly wore than tickled the earth over this immense area, Our Own Country. When we compare Japan, with its dense population, its wealth, Its rev- enues, its trade and commerce, its national strength, with any section of our own country equal to it in aren and natural resources, we are amazed ut the great possibilities of future de- velopment in our own country. The entire population of Japan is about forty-five willion, eof which thirty million Is a farming population, and this vast population of thirty mil lon farmers and thelr families Is sus tained on nineteen thousand square miles of irrigated laud. There {8 no agriculture In Japan but irrigated agriculture, They have learned that water Is the greatest fertilizer known to nature, and save and utilize it with the same care that they use every other available process for the fertili- zatlon of their fields, Nineteen thousand square miles Is an area about one hundred and thirty. corner of the State of Illinois, the cow- | parative size of which to the rest of the State 15 shown on the accompany ing map, 1s sustained a nation which. { to the amazement of all other peoples has sprung to the front fis one of the great world powers, skyscraper in Chicago without any foundation but the mud of Lake Michigan We need not muster out our armies nor dismantle our battleships nor In other words, let us reproduce In this country the conditions so weil! described in an article from the Book lovers’ Magazine for August, 1604, | from which we quote the following “While Japan is cannonadingits way to rank with Christian powers as a ! fact remains, ns clear as t evacuate the Philipplucs, por stop work on the Isthmian Canal, but the n fron an unclouded sky at noonday, that the att our people as a nation | r naval and military af. | mes of foreign exploita- | r #1 ention of fair | the | SAV Source of Pi wer, And the Home Acre farms or gar the source of that national power, Commenting on this, the ruthor of Arucie a wee August 1904 Book Magazine, guoted from above, in that article “From what ia advanced agricult- nre has made 1s plalos to yield, Japan has fed and clothrd and educated its multiplying masses, lust nearing the © lovers’ o - AS K_A LINCOLN Zz ———— — — MN. 8 A [= —-———— -— 5 SPRINGFIELD di “ 4 i - — A ——— ‘ a — ——————— ——— JT ¢ nT Ae w= WEST VIRGINIA men THE MIDDLE WEST five wiles square, and in a square in a | floods of the Misslsslppl and its tribu- taries will be led out through a net work of canals, large and small, and gtored In reservoirs, and every drop devoted to beneficial use, a use that will be so valuable that its value for navigation will count for nothing in comparison, It may be a great many years before this will happen, but jt i$ certain to come. In no other way can the vast population with which this country will teen within a few hundred years be provided with the food to sustain it, Japan, from her total area of 147. 600 square wiles, of which only 19,000 are cultivated, collected an annual revenue before the wa with Russia began of $121,438,726, and her exports amounted to $124,208.023, he average population per square seventh of her territory is actually under cultivation, A Thousand Miles Square, A section of our own country con talned within a square extending ene thousand wiles north from New Ur leans aud owe thousand miles west { milllon square miles, If as densely populated as Japan, would sustain a { population of 800,000,000; but & much | larger proportion of this great square | in the center of the United States {could be Iiutensely farmed than in Japan, where only one-seventh of the total area is cultivated, Ca the 10,000 square miles of Jan in Japan that Is actually farmed, they | a {sustain 30,000.000 farmers It Is a the thousand mile square central see tion of the Unued States above jeribed could Le as closely cultivated [a8 the productive fields of Those panese Held sustain {fifteen bundred people to tl mile, At the same ratio of population. our own thousand wik central section would 00,000,000 of farming popunlation alone. A population of over fifteen hundred to the sustained by agri culture seems to the ordinary mind in credible; but on the lxland of Jersey off the English const, a population of over thirteen hundred to square mile is sustained by out of door agri ulture in a climate by no means best wlapted to Intensive farming It must be borne In mind that we are pow of the possibilities of uture development, and the facts and above given will no doult looked upon as utterly chimerieal by the average reader. i . ids over 16 mi ie sustain square mile > hiking f | a 3 torre Rules fs Degeneracy | Bear In they are on at in to a pol England. wind r, based or wo howeve iy upon n this cour it of deve lopmer t al : si not been followed rither . We have footsteps of England, and while, in fifty ves Japan has restored the land to her people and rooted them to the soll In of thelr own, England has done the contrary She driven ber yeomanry from the farms to the Cities, where they have fac tory operatives, and degenerated physically and mentally to such a de gree that the degeneracy of her eltd enship pow presents itself to statesinen of England ns a8 most palling problem. We are doing the same thin we are not, as yet, feeling t | because we have still un the than Japa: Homes has become Th P © of [ It so Severely 1 larger proportion of our people on the land. i Back to the Land, We have much to do to reverse the tide of population, and turn it from the cities back to the land—from tlw tenement to the garden. It must not imagined that DeCeSsAry 1 to aceon this, that the rhers our cities or In our fad ries should quit thelr present em sut and become All is necessary is that the facilities rapid transportation Wr tm ley « stem } f to plant every factory family upon at lemst an acre of land it is ] 3) 3 tr iplisa le 44) Te 1 ArIReTs hat should be x prac ily ed { though the acre be ued for but 10 raise chickens amd keep a goat Ws wat toy fresh alr and sunshine and pure milk, and women The Jever with which we our population back to the land TN a school ac “The black square Ia the above mag represents the total area of cultivated land In Japan, supporting thirty willlons of agricultural peopie. | first-class fighting nation, it is not nee | lecting its felds of rice, genge, millet] and mujl, its groves of mulberry and | bamboo, its priceless plots of tea and] mitsumata shrubs, and its muoltimil | lion gardens of berries, vegetables, | frufts and flowers. The thousands of patriots that have marched to the front have not thinned the ranks of the mightier hosts tilling the soil Thirty million farmers are gathering og harvests In the diminutive fields of Japan. Husbandry Dignified. “Por twenty-five centuries the Nun rise sovereigns have dignified hus. bandry as the most Important and] most houorable industrial calling in the empire, and now more than sixty per cent of the Mikado's subjects tilt! with incomparable skill the limited soll of his islands “The same diligent genius that ena- bles a landscape gardener In Japan to | compass within a few square yards of | Jand a forest, a bridge spanned stream, a waterfall and lake, n chain of ter raced hills, gardens and chrysanthe. | culture throughout the entire United mums, hyacinths, peonies and pinks, a | States, were thus doubled, the result beetling crag crowned with a dwarfed conifer, a through all the dainty park meandering paths, with here a shrine and there a dainty suminer house, has made it possible for the far mers of the empire to bulld up on less than nineteen thousand square miles of arable land the most remarkable agricultural nation the world has known. If all the tillable acres of Japan were merged into one field, a man in an antomobile, traveling at the rate of fifty miles an hour, could skirt the entire meter of arable Japan in eleven Upon this narrow freehold Japan bas reared a nation of fmperial power, which is determined to commercial preeminence over all world of wealth and opportu- nity from Siberia to Siam and already, the force of arms, is driving from the shores of Asia the greatest mon. archy of Roots in the Soil, The. setrat the success of the Mt. tle Day has m to many students of nations, citizenship which will be an enduring tion, to the disregard and neglect of the vastly wore lmportant problem of building men at home, and creating a national foundation forever, and en- larging our home markets, which wif) be unaffected by auy foreign complica. tions or trade disturbances. The attention of our people of late | has been so much absorbed by the problems of our export trade, that wo overlook 1 fact that the United States today manufactures annually a product aggregating in total value the combined manufactured product of the three other greatest manufactur. ing nations of the world. England, France and Germany, and we oon sume ninety-two per cent of our entire annually manufactured products at home. Create Farm Homes. And If every farm In the United States were cut In two, and a new home created on it so that the number of farm homes, and the eapital ine vested In, and labor devoted to agri. would be an enlargement of our popu. | lation, our home market for manu-| almost beyond the power of the mag: ination to picture to the wind, It Is to the development of its vast agricultural resources and the creation of a closely settled population of far mers and gardeners, who will cultd methods, that the Middle West must look If It is 10 achieve 1ts full destiny in wealth, power and population, The resonreces of the great territory extending westward from the crest of the Alleghany Mountaing to the one hundredth meridian-the edge of the arid region—and from the sources of the Missiasipp! River on the north to its outlet to the Gulf on the south, are so largely asgricnitural that it offers the ideal section of the earth for the development of a pation along the Tinos of Japanese development, with ting rural population, no other section of the surface where latent agricul of such inexhaustible ly um factures, and our power as a nation, | vate the soll by the most Intensive | fifty million figure; it has stacked up gold in its treasury, has ereated a great merchant marine, has captureda rowing share of European commerce, vd already outmarshaled commercial America on the Pacific, has crowded its cities with roaring factories, and has given costly and triomphant equip mont to its aggressive fleets and regi ments. And it has accomplished all | this out of the promt of harvests gleaned from a farm area scarcely large enough to afferd storage room for the agricnltural machinery in use in the United States” Could there be a more striking proof of the oft-quoted words of David Starr Jordan, that “Stability of national character goes wi*h firmoess of foothold on the soll.” Comparison of Areas. Now compare Japan and its devel opment with the possibilities of devel opment in the Middle West, The area of all the islands compris. Ing the Empire of Japan is M7000 square miles; of this only 15000 square miles is available for agrieult. ure, for every avaliable atre in that country Is cultivated. The total combined area of Wiscon. sin, Hinois and Indiana is 140.300 square miles, and it is safe to say that considerably more than half of this nrea—probably more than two thirds is capable of as close a cultivation, {and of sustaining as dense a popula tion per square mile as the cultivated area of Japan, The water with which to irrigate it now runs to waste, The water which Chicago turns into her drainage canal, instead of producing agrieoit mi wealth by | ating the lands of 1. nots, produces nw sults with St. Louis becanse It runs to waste past that city to the Gulf of Mexico, The time will come when irrigated ngrionlture In the Middle West will absorb every drop of water falling within that territory. And when the tion canals and the Middle fn California, and Is yg es been a Pa am does not explain the riddle of its strength, neither can commerce, the Great Salt Lake the L { wloyd work and be the pul ¥ysiem. Gardens and Handicraft, Every child the public schools, or girl, must be trained from its earliest days of school life to cult te the groond and make row in a garden, and to raise poul , and do all to provide the food for a family from in acre of land, Add to this a training in simple home handiemft, woking and sewing and making things for the home, and you ww. have ore ited the Impulse In the minds of the multiplying millones of our children which will lead them to shan the bricks and the asphalt, the slums and the tenements, &8 hey would shun the plagee, and flee from them far enough nto the country to have an ncre at jeast for a home and a gar aen. Create this impulse In the minds of our children, the millions mil lions of them who are at ing, nal will attend, our public schools, and they will find a way to solve all the rest of the problem, bow to get the lnnd, and how to get back and forth to it, If they contihoe to work in the city or the factory, Some will say that school gardens cannot be provided for city children That Is a wistake. The only dim. in hoy things | that hex ds fo be done | | Western Let that be done, nnd the proble wm | nothing | » chlldren of the family will have | and will grow up to be healthy men must | : ht of Japan is 200.76, but only one- | Spring vacation and a culty In the way of it Ig a mere cus tom or habit, easily modified, The terms of school of all eity schools sbould be changed, There should be a short winter term, dur ing which the time should be given to Instruction from the books and iu handicraft within doors, There should be a summer term of equal length during which the schools would be transferred to the suburbs, und work in summer school gardens. The children should be taken back and forth to thesé summer school gar dens at public expense, they are now taken to and from consoll dated rural schools on trolley lines in some of England states, The vacation, which would not need be wo long, should be divided hetwe fall between the winter city country sulnmer term of as the the the New intervening erm and the each school Building a Strong Citizenship. from Pittsburg, and containing one | } | { des- | Japan, | I Of course, many will hold up thelr hands and say this impossible, England finds It nopossible, result of her stem of great estiutes, to provide her people bomes on the land, and in quence her ruin as a nation is only question of a comparat brief time, Japan, on her band + is ns the landed with LOTR MY vely the contrary fort} § solved the ve probilen Lich, Ji FA HIND tilt sud bel t ud pow a It is only put Ww strength { dens—the rural homes of Japan-are | safe estimate that at least one-half of | people, wither | lead of Jag sons ’ folloy and share i I'he Inti or fuare |? 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