THE SAVING OF OREGON. HOW DR, WHITMAN BRAVED BLIZZARDS AND DEATH. | Determined to Save Country From British — Daniel Webster Opposed to Retaining Territory. A bloody trophy in possession of the government at Washington is an In- dian hatchet. The tomahawk reeks with red and horid assoclation. It Is the weapon with which Dr. Marcus Whitman, the Indian missionary and his wife were slain in 1847 and with | which the first blow of the tearsome Whitman masacre was begun—an en- ormous crime which nearly obliterated the white American settlers in the Ore- gon country, sent a thrill of horror and indignation throughout the Amer- ican republic and saved to the Amer- ican people the great northwest coun- try out of which Oregon, Washington and other states were created. It is one of the very cruel chapters in his- tory-a chapter embracing eight years of war between settlers and savages the result of which was that the Hud- son’s Bay Company and the British crown were compelled to relinguish their claim to the territory. Another result was the virtual annihilation of the Cayuse tribe of Indians, So much tragic history centers about this rusty hatchet that it is one of the rarest rel fics of the government, A government official familiar with the period says “The Whitman massacre was the re- sult of the machinations of England autumn entered the valley of the Oregon. Develish Work. The British agents slowly poisoned the minds of the savages against the new comers but it was not till 1847 that the savages in council determined to massacre all the American sottlers in their country. The site of Dr. ling was on the north the Walla Walla river at what is now the town of Wahula. The In- dians surrounded the houses of the mission their weapons hidden under their blankets. At dawn of November 29, 1847 an Indlan entered the doctor's house and asked for medicine. As the missionary turned to his medicine chest the savage buried his tomas hawk In the good man's brain. Mrs, Whitman was killed a minute later by the same savage with the same weapon. The murder of the mission- ary was the signal for the wholesale slaughter to begin, The butchery com- mencedd on all sides, The crash of firearms, the groans of the dying, screams of women, yells of the painted demons filled the air. The Indians women and children danced and sang as the atroclous work went on. They multilated the dead. Women and children of the settlers sank under bloody knife and club. The massacre lasted all day and then murdering parties started In ‘every diredtion Everybody in the Whitman mission was killed and many settlers all through the woods were slain. The Cayuse attacked a wmlission among the Nez Perces but these Indians Whitman's dwel- bank of to secure by treaty or otherwise all beat them back and took the sides of = DaWeitman Sragring Easton mis” Pe Rous Taw Across Trg PLeaoine wis Cause Beroge WessTer ano re PResEnT. the territory west of the Rockies and north of the 42nd parallel of north lat itude.” First White Women to Cross Rockies. It was in 1536 that Dr. Marcus Whit. man and the Rev. Mr. Spaulding, with heir wives—the first white women to cross the Rock Mountains went among the tribes of the Far North- west, The country was then in the control of the Hudson's Bay pany a British monopoly with nearly a thousand employes. Its power over ribes was nearly absolute Com- rthless and inace ible by ‘he great Webster sald that Ww a land fit only for savage beasts and | more savage men Dr. Whitman established his mission among the Cayuse In the state of Washington near what Is now Walla. Walla, then Fort Walla Walla, trad ing post. In 15842 while attending a dinner glven at the fort in honor of some British officers news came that a company of British immigrants were on thelr way and had already crossed the Rocky Mountains. There twas great excitement at the table and a young officer unconscious of the presence of the American mission. ary jumped to his feet exclaiming “Hurrah for Columbia: (the Oregon oountry), America ¥s too late: Wa have got the country " Dr. Whitman perceived that it was the purpose of the British to claim the country by right of settlement He left the table rode rapidly to his it the settlers, dispatching parties of braves after the murderous Cayuse. American Immigration Won the Day. The surviving settlers were not slow in seeking revenge and they made the name ‘Paleface” a fearful word to the redskin murderers of the northwest cans across the continent and in the PALATIAL R. R. STATION. NEW WASHINGTON STATION THE FINEST IN THE WORLD, Construction of Structure and Bulid- Ing of Adjacent Largest of Freight Yards to Cost $22,000,000. With all the talk relative to Govern ment control of rallway rates, and the probability of Congress giving the sub- Ject at least consideration, the busy solons of the Senate and House this winter may not appreciate that within a radius of eight miles of the Capitol building there is work of railroad im- provement going on having a value of over $22,000,000, Just across the Potomac River, be- tween Washington and the historic but sleepy town of Alexandria, the Pennsylvania railroad is well along In constructing the largest freight yards in the United States, at a cost of $7,000,000, while the Pennsylvania and Baltimore and Obhlo railroads are ex- pending $15,000,000 in the city itself in eliminating grade crossings and erect- ing a new Union station—a station which, when completed, will be the largest passenger station in the world, even exceeding that at Hamburg, Ger- many. Compares in Size with Capitol. The new station, in itself but five feet shorter than the Capitol bullding, will face a plaza 500 feet wide by about LOO feet long, decorated with artistic balustrades, terraces and fountains, Nine streets will lead into the plaza, which itself will provide a space for massing troops and spectators for pub- lic ceremonies, To give the required elevation to the station so as to admit the two passenger tunnels from the South, It was necessary to fill in the site of the station, some 1,000,000 cuble yards of earth being required to form the new plaza, the fill for a con- siderable being over 35 feet in depth. area Sanitary Train Sheds. Unlike most railroad stations, the architectural beauty of the Washing- ton station will not be marred by the usual gigantic semi-circular train shed, but each pair of tracks will be covered over with a sort of umbrella train shed, which will protect alighting and de- parting passengers from the elements, but will also allow the smoke and gases to rise into the atmosphere, The bag- gage trucks will pass to the cars through tunnels to the end of the tracks, where the trunks and parcels will be brought to the surface by ele- vators, so that at no time will the pas- EUROPEAN GOSSIP, Tales of Diplomatic and Court In- trigue. It seems that Mr. W, W. Astor has bought the historic Hever estate In Kent, England, and is improving it. It includes 2,000 acres of land and a moated castle, nearly six hundred years old, where at one time Henry VIII. maintained Anne of Cleves. On this estate Mr. Astor has put to work about one thousand men, with due ap- paratus, and Is making changes rated as Improvements which the calculating natives estimate will cost him a million and a quarter pounds, He is building a lake, a model village, roads, bridges and gardens, and is doubtless having a good deal of the sort of fun that Mr. Kipling in a recent story has suggested as a suitable recreation for tired Amer. fcans. Though the Sultan Is himself a total THE SHAH OF PERSIA. abstainer, the finest vintage wines are always offered to such guests as dine at the palace, The recent visit of the Shah of Persia to England recalls a former call of his upon Queen Victoria, when London was startled at the Oriental methods employed by this picturesque Eastern potentate. Thousands of dollars worth of damage was done in the famous Buckingham Palace by the nochalant orders of the Shah. The sheep which provided his mutton were brought into the palace rooms, which had been placed at his royal disposal, and slaughtered upon the magnificent and sengers be in danger of collision with the baggagemen. The train concourse will be the largest single room in the world, nearly 700 feet Jong, the entire! vista being unbroken by the usual labyrinth of pillars. The ceiling is to] be constructed in what is technically | known as of the self-supporting type. | There will be 33 passenger tracks, 27 on the main floor level and six on the tunnel floor where trains from the Seuth will arrive through the double tunnel under Capitol Hill. A feature of the station will be the absence of | stairs, so that even in a large crowd, | for which Washington is famous dur. ing inaugural or convention times, there will be no danger of accident to the passenger arriving or departing. Presidential and Diplomatic Entrance. There will be special entrances forests. War to the death was curried | on against the Indians for eight years. | Government troops were in the coun | try, and a stream of immigration had inn. The leaders of the Cayuse attacked the Whitman m captured by the Nez Per he upper John Bay river ar were hanged at Oregon city graves of Dr. Whitman and » are pointed out near whe fell at Wahula on that bloody ber mo 1547. In the light of this does it not seem it the government might have been little considerate in its treatment of t chief Joseph and his Nez Perces band? Wer who ISSion wore . on i mn his they Novem he ae rev rhing wuing th - the late The World Moves Quickly. How the thought of the world passes fromm one thing to another, and then forgets Attention for months was | centered upon Port Arthur, and then | it was transferred to the movements of the naval fleets, the meeting of which was so disastrous to Russian hopes. It will be remembered that when Rojestvensky entered the China Sea he wired to the Czar: “If I am victorious I shall inform you. If I am vanquished, Togo will Inform you." To the public Port Arthur Is no more than one of the countless red splotches that disfigure history, and the naval battle of all history 1s already relegated to dry discussions as to what branch of service was most disastrous to ship and lives, ——— I ————— Enforcing the Laws. wilderness home and after a brief pause there set out for Washington. | His parting words to his wife *l am going to cross the Mountains, reach Washington winter, God carrying me through and bring out an immigration through the mountains next spring or this country is lost.” An Awful Journey. Winter had set In and the old chron. icles tell It was a severe one marked by terrific storms and deep snows Dr. Whitman reached Washington erippled by frozen hands and feet. The news he brought caused excite ment among the populace and concern among many of the government offi. cers. He saw Danlel Webster Becre tary of State represented to him the grandeur and value of the Oregon country, told him of the need of Im wfigrants and explained the reason that bad Induced him to brave the rigor of the season by making the trip. Mr. Webster was about to con clude the Webster-Ashburton treaty renouncing any claim we might have to the great norhwest for a Newfound- land cod-fishery., Webster was not impressed with Whitman's patriotic enthusiasm. He considered the coun- try of no value. THe thought it would be as well to let Great Britian have his Interview ft. Not satisfied with with the Secretary of State Dr. Whit. man sought President Tyler who beard him with attention, and prom- {sed that the diplomatic deal for the trading of Oregon should be held up and that a military escort should be given to the misslonary’s train, In the spring of 1843 Dr. Whitman were | Rocky | this | From the Washington Star. There was nothing original In Gov. Folk's address at Chautauqua, N. Y., recently, but the wellknown truth he enunciated took on greater weight for his indorsement. He is no closet phil osopher, giving to the public the re sults of reading and speculation, bot and noted the consequences. He was elected District Attorney in St. Louls in the expectation that he would ignore the laws and let those who were vio lating them continue to flourish on thelr iniquities, Instead of that, he enforced the laws and saw conditions a man of affairs who has done things | also rooms for guests of the nation, the | diplomatic corps and for the President of the United States, who will thus be enabled to quietly seek their train with- out hindrance, 1a the original bill introduced in Con- costly rugs and other such extravagant practices were the order of the day While the meat which the Shah eats is always supposed to be slaughtered be | { York, who takes the place of Ellis H cil in order that he may be saved trouble.” As a dismissal this could hardly be improved upon. Father John of Cronstadt, whose extraordinary Influence over the Czar, no less than his propaganda against the revolutionaries, continually rouses the ire of the secret committee, is 86 years of age. In personality he answers to the description of the aver- age Russian peasant, only in his case abstemlousness has wrought a refining effect on his features, VAN CALAVA. Arann t——— COUNTING UNCLE SAM’S CASH. Occurs Every Time a New Treasurer Is Appointed. Owing to the recent change In the office of Treasurer of the United States, a task of no small magnitude is going on in the Treasury Bullding. Every time one Treasurer gives way to another the cash must be counted and verified before the new official becomes responsible for the money under his care. As soon as a change is made the Secretary of the Treasury appoints a Committee of Three to select a force to count the cash, This committee picks A Tension Indicator , the state of the tension at a glance. Its use means time saving and casier sewing, It’s our own invention and is found only on the out a number of clerks in the various | offices of the Department, and they are | set at work to count the mulions, Per- | haps there may be forty men selected to perform this huge count; maybe | fifty or eighty. It is always considered | an honor to be one of these counters. The total sum counted by these men is somewhere In the neighborhood of five hundred and thirty millions in | money, bonds, notes and everything | else. One vault alone contains over a | hundred millions in silver dollars, An- | other has a heavy amount of silver fractional currency, and many tons of nickel five-cent pleces and pennles. The working cash is handled first, and in order to give it a chance to do regular duty it is counted at night Most of the money is counted in bulk and stored away in pags, each contain- ing a certain sum, 'Tuese are weighed, and if there is even one dollar short, there is Instant detection of the wrong count. As each bag is filled by a clerk, who attaches his name by a tag, any discrepancy in the number of coins or any missing from the sack 1s charged to } This is done, not only to any tendency toward dis honesty, but also to cause each counter to exercise the The new Treasurer is of New Coin HK check a greatest care, Charles H. Treat, Roberts. The Unemployed in Germany. 18 from consular reports that Been fore his eyes, it was believed at the time | that performances were simply | the carrying out of an Eastern regal fancy, to show Wie barbarians what the Orient was accustomed to. The Queen's maids of honor have] very little to do. They live at home, and when the Queen is in London they are conveyed to Buckingham Palace after luncheon in royal carriages, and remain in & suite of charming salons until required to accompany the Queen and her unmarried daughter out driving. They must dre very well and not appear in the same clothes 100 often, and, above all, study the wishes of Her Majesty in regard to colors and modes. The millinery embargo, that is, not to wear a picture hat, must be fol lowed to the letter. With a salary of | $1,500 and the attachment of “Honor these stern ! : 1a 8 a] It there are noms Colonies for the so called “unemployed” take tuem out of this class immediately and make pau perisin unknown Each city supports large where bur for work go and register. They get a bath, have their ing disinfected, 1 if the unions which support these institutions have no work for them ities, they are sent to the farm nies in the country, where they can work at farm ing, land reclamation, and in other pro ductive apaciti The system these unions to be very prehensive; they » open to all, and besides provid pportunities for workers, have systems of old age pen sions, Insurance agalpst accidents, and other benefits, offices ters this an i ‘ Clic in ool ’ ont of in 4 ~ | | able” to their names, the fair maidsof honor manage to worry along ey marry uni PLAZA er EN COMPLETEDY. aa By ] Ne B®. W Ry all around him rapidly improve. When therefore, such a man tells us that a cure for many of the ills we are endur- ing ns a people Is the simple execution of the laws, he has the strongest pos sible claim upon our attention, and his advice Is worth following. Laws are of little use unless their enforcement is demanded and backed up by public sentiment. Literature and Music Prosper. During the past year the Library of Congress made entries for copyrights to the extent of 100.577, an increase of 7.141 over those made in 1008. Of these, compositions of a musical char. acter head the list, there having been entered for copyright 23.740, Period feals In single numbers follow closely behind, with a total number of 21.041, The classification of “books” showed entries to the number of 20.510, some 16.001 of which were books and the remainder booklets, leaflets, circulars, cards, newspapers and magazine artl Jed a party of one thousand Ameri = gress allowing the raliroad companies to construct this station, provision was made to drive a tunnel directly beneath the Capitol bullding, with ele vators running immediately from the Senate Chamber and the House Cham. ber into private Congressional stations, This would have enabled the United States Senator from Oregon, for In stance, to pass out of the Senate and walk directly aboard his Pullman sleeping ear without exposure to the open alr until he reached his | western home! A great convenience | this, doubtless, to delicate legislators; | but a literal undermining of Congress by the rallroads probably wisely ex. cluded from the architectural plans, E— I Sd TheBrickbats Never Touched Him I had a funny dream last night. | Thought that John D. Rockefeller was running for office, You! And he was about to make a speech in a brickyard, when I woke up. far | King Alfonso receatly had a curious adventure at Madrid. He had left Granda one morning incognito. He guarded his identity so strictly that no one suspected his presence and when he presented himself at the royal palace the sentry refused him admit tance. The King inspected the apart ments being prepared for President Loubet of France, who was preparing to visit the youthful Spanish monarch, and then sont a simmons to the aston. {shed ministers to come and hold a council, | The Empress-Dowager of China Is { thoughtful of her subordinates, Here is an edict of hers issued recently which will bear out the idea: “Wong Wen.-8hao, the grand secretary, bas served under us many years, and he has shown great diligence and faith. fulness. He is now over 70 years of age, and in the dally audiences his obeisance is now very difficult, and our sympathy must be shown him. Let | y Agents Wanted To Canvass for the United States Senator Number NOW PUBLISHED. 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Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers