BALLOONS AS BATTERIES. AERONAUTICS AS A FEATURE OF | MILITARY WARFARE. Army or Fleet—Balloons For Re- | connoltring. “Y NCLE SAM will soon be foreed to consider seriously the es- tablishment of a balloon | corps as an adjunct of the army. England, Germany, and es- pecially France havebeen giving much attention to the subject, though their | experiments have been in secret. Within a year the French have pro- duced a balloon that can be steered and manoenvred in the teeth of a wind blowing twenty miles an hour. Cigar-shuped airships recently have been run by propellers in France on calm days at fourteen miles an hour, | and double this speed will be attained before long. The Germansare said to | have produced a balloon that can be | steered and which carries great weights, | but little is known aboutit. A rudder | ‘will operate to direct an aerial machine | if the latter can be driven fast enough to give it steerage-way. The notion that an airship sustained by gases is not to be relied on 1s another fallacy. | Within the last few years ballooning | has been revolntionized abroad and reduced to a science, Experts now understand how to make balloons | tight, so that leakage is reduced al- most to nothing. When one has gas-bag of gold-beater’s skin that will stay afloat thirty days, he has some- thing to start business with. | Against balloons no armed force, on | land or water, can have any means of defense or retaliation, No fort land or afloat ean withstand high ex plosives dropped from aloft. An air ship would be absolutely safe, because no shot from a gun will beyond 6000 feet above the surface of the earth. The gasbag is practically secure from serious hurt at tion of only 1500 feet a on do damage or an eleva desides, bul n the sir lete discharged straight up in in falling back, l¢ might do harm would reaching the eartl charged from However, when the balloon i away the line of sight is slowly that sharpshooters could easly pepper 1t with accuracy. Even balloon would not suffer A rifle ballet puncturing a great gas-bag containing 40,000 or 60,000 enbic feet of hydro gen makes only a little hole, which is partly closed again by the broken edges of the fabric. Some gus escapes, but not enough to be of any couse- quence. But there is no reason for passing over a hostile army or fleet at so low an elevation, inasmuch bombs can be dropped just as well and as accurately from a point high enough | to be out of reach. Besides, the instanf that a bomb is hry! rheroon reee-tEprle, be! ing relieved of that much weight. At night, or in a fog, it would be entirely safe from observation. Or it enough for the air-ship to come down into the lower part of a clond, whence the crew see the while invisible to them. latter are entirely helpless, During the siege Paris, Franco-Prussian war, balloon sent up, over the 2 armiess The seronasuts took with them homing pigeons, which earried back news to the beleagured metropolis These balloons were constantly fired at, and Krupp, the gun-maker, at the requast of Von Moltke, designed “balloon musket” for the purpose of attacking them. Nevertheless, this sort of rifle practice proved wholly in- effective, and only those balloons were eaptured which were low down through expended gas. If half a dozen four balloons each different along the Atlantic coast no hostile fleet could come near our sea-board cities. The hostile ves sels conld be sunk within a few min utes by dropping nitro-glyecerine cart ridges upon their decks. This could be accomplished with the utmost ae curacy and precision Dr. Myers, the aeronautical en gineer, speaks of experiments made by him in killing ducks by dropping shot from of 1500 feet upon the water below. Each splash showed where the last shot fell, until the fifth or sixth shot hit the bird and killed it. Falling from so great a heighth the velocity of the leaden pel let was as great as if fired from a gun The air currents at & high elevation are always moving from west to east Accordingly, it would be partienlarly easy for such war balloons to ascend on the coast and float seaward over an enemy's fleet, like so many birds ear- rying in their claws dynamite bombs or torpedoes. Having wiped out the ships, it would be necessary for the flying battery to return in the face of the wind, but this could be accom. plished vory easily by using the pro pellers. At the same time it would be comparatively diffienlt for balloons sent up from hostile vessels to ad- | vance towards the shore, inasmuch as they would have to encounter an un- favorable breeze, The iden on which the famous Mr, Maxim has been working for some time past is a cylinder of aluminum, containing a three-fourths vacuum, its | collapse being prevented by strong ribs inside. The machine is tobe pro- | pelled and steered by electric gear, | while sustaitied and balanced by the | wings of a great aeroplane. The in- | ventor expects to be able to fill his! werial ear with explosives and hover it over a city, which must pay ransom or | be destoyed. . i However, Professor H. A. Hazen, of | Washington, an sceopted authority in seronantios, asserts that the aero- slane ides, of which Professor 8. P, sorry of the Smithsonian 1nstitute, s AR the Aj city when dis have same ve on ALAIN AS rifle or cannon 8 passing | a 3 changed s 80, the importantly. RY 18 CASY enemy below Thus Can of passing bese " [ ol aerial batteries were stationed at points an elevation : {an unexplained phenomenon. { ascents of 1000 feet | chored to the ground by a wire rope, { throngh which | a famous geometrician o | gorean school, who flourished 400 years | Stuttgart, Germany, ' is about 60.000, while is the foremost advooate, is impracti- cable. His opinion is that man must imitate the bird, if he is ever to fly at all, The “soaring” of the bird, by which an animal many times heavier than the air is enabled to sus- tain itself motionless in the latter mediumwa extended pinions, is as vet If it con‘d be accounted for, light might be thrown on the problem of human flight, Wonderfully clever mechani- onl birds, by the way, which will se- tually fly quite a distance, have been | made in France; but they are ouly toys. The United States Signal Office has already constructed balloons for re- connoitrivg. These are intended for or so, being an- & copper wire runs. The latter affords telephonic communi cation with the aerial ear, from which the observer gives notification of what If desired, the telephone wire may communicate with the headquar he BOON, ters of the commanding general miles away. Sketch maps can be sent down by the rope. Man has been trying to fly ever since the earliest historic times. Archytas, f the Pyths B. C., made a wooden bird, which, as { in alleged, flew by mechanical means, | its buoyancy being affected by mag fell to the ground it Under the said to he lost his said his nets. Bat if it could not lift itself again reign of Nero an inventor have flown in Rome, but life in coming down. It was evil genius tackled him while aloft, taking him at a disadvantage. John Muller is said to have con structed an artificial i Nurem berg, which flew the Em peror Charles \ anied him back to town. period 15 eagle a monk named about a § furlong from the Spain. # tower In By means of reson named Dante, of Peronse, was pe enat d to s pair of wings a ye pe ople formances Marv's ( SELECT NSIFTINGS, 8t. Gothard tn Petrifving human fl Coins were | + ' leather, The most frequent erime in Califor nia is burglary made by native Africa Iron and steel are tribes in the It i cumbersare wie interior of the world's rth 88 000,000 sunuslly, g estimated that on from the Real agate marbles are made agate found 1m Oberstein, near Ehine. A cat with is owned by Athens, Ga. Fhe largest locomotive was built four years ago for the Northern Pacific, 225,000 pounds weight. The ‘eight well-formed legs” Edward Franklin, of fir Anna to SUZAr MV (Gireeks each inhabitant five pounds of p and one pound of coffee horns, with la from the taker sathority, hay a of «( | : stand an an conld clear fifty ing broad jump Romans ever At Cannae, where tained the worst def: us they 144 52, 000 ex perienced, there wer: 00 men on the field, of whom were killed A large elephant bad to be killed ut on account of his [ | % 1 rom a small lelivered 1a the forehead temper. A single bullet rifle dropped him dead. bore A remarkable archeological discov ery is announced In excavating the old close to the Moselle, pottery establishment w Faves, Fi ance Ro omplete Roman nan walls discovered of Mecea number of there last Moslem mated at from aN lation the The estimated pop pilgrims massed together year from y all part f the world was variously es 200,000 to MWY OHH) New for I the applicant expressed great disappointment when he was told that the Government did not keep any in stock, Revenue officers have eaptored, in North Georgia, the smallest still on record. It is complete, with cap, tubs, Application was made at the Postoffics day ork she other monroimng stamps, Aan and all appurtenances, and is not over eight inches high. Mtrange to say, a colored man weighing 225 pounds was arrested for running it. While making some exeavations be- neath a charoh in the Prossian town of Angerburg, the workmen made a horrible discovery a small walled in speee in which they found a human skeleton, & broken chmir, and the re- maine of a helmet and a pair of boots. The walls bore marks as of finger-nail seratehes, and there was other evidence that some person had been walled in alive. ———— A Twoslnek Hole Over a Mile Deep, The deepest boring of which we have any knowledge np to the present time, says Revie Scientifique, is nt Pary- schowitz, in the District of Bibnik, in Western Silesia. The depth attained is GH08 foot, and the diameter of the hole is only 2.75 inches, The work has been temporarily stopped in order to lower especial thermometers, which have been made with great sccuracy, into the ‘hole for the purpose of: ob- taining the femperature at different depths. The boring will then be re sumed, and 1t is hoped that a depth of 8200 feet will be reached, ’ i, . SCIENTIFIC AND INDUSTRIAL, Eight cubic feet of snow produce one cubis foot of water. The first electric machine, a globe of sulphur, was made by Guericke in 1647, In Germany there is a law forbid- ding restaurateirs to serve beer to people who have eaten fruit. The apple has a larger proportion of phosphorus than any other fruit, and 18, therefore, an excellent brain food. The average of building an English ironclad is $240 per French, $275; Italian, 8285; German, 8300, A wind blowing at the rate of nin teen miles an hour exerts a pressure of but one and four-fifth pounds to the square foot. cost ton; The newspapers report the striking of a gas well near Portland, Ind., the daily output of which is over six mill ion cubic feet. “glass pa- combine won- A Japanese novelty is per,” which said to derful transparency with unusual strength and tenacity. The material for making it is furnished by a Japan ese aquatic plant. 18 A new sub- now a rival, valzin manufactured in Berlin ent, and claimed to be sweeter than sugar, and free from cer Sacchaine has stance called 18 under a 200) pnt 18 being | times | tain objectionable properties of sacha- | rine. Railway mathematicians that a train which rate of eighty-five miles an hour would require from seventy-two to seventy five seconds in which to “pull-up” or to astandstill, It would require nearly a mile in which to stop. mn speed at the Yi com A new process of mak recently brought bef des Sciences, Paris, by His theory is that tains the water in 1 that if the rain Acad Baud: city ing wh Te Lhe M elects mie Hh main clouds in » state of elects milk was due, bat to the impai the co added water, dition of the A that water can be degrees Fuhr This fined water, but ander a pres | . 4 LOU pounds we, In drouth great somewhat widespread oni heated SPI iT Wrie inn is ten atmosphs res to the inch) t tO 350 degrees, BUAT WALeT may he and under #IXLY almo- spheres 531 degrees may be reached, The bee works harder than most peo- ple would believe There about sixty flower tubes in every head of clover, and only a tiny morsel of honey in each. In order to SURAT for a load the bee must visit about six thousand different flowers, and each get enough bee makes, on an average, twenty trips | @ day. I He Lives oa Monkey Diet, of Missonri at Kan NS Man- eard is in recent session the Valley Horticultural sas City wan add resss Mr ings h indicates dh thal he said 10 his ad h hguid refre n pd preaches, [J and He r eight years past nus, practices haa lowed a drop of any kind nor a norsel He nuts ‘My sisted © 7] solely had subsisted this poun i and break fast morning o« of n- f a half California figs, two oranges two bananas up tomato salad This meals are.’ “Whai did von dinner? asked a member of the society “I have not yet eaten dinner but two meals a day mashed together, followed and handful of eaten DY A n nats meal was raw, as all my have for I eat My dinner will 10 ocloek f repetiti 6 this $ and will come between evening, and be the breakfast Mr. Manning that an exeln sive diet of fruits and nuts ¢ the nutriment that the needs, and he claims siso that the body fed on such a diet cannot be sick. Mr Manning is not a crank He is de seribod by the Kansas City Times as an intelligent, well edneated, fiorid faced robust man, He has proved to mo cinims minins all human bHoady ealenlate | sure of | be heated : ! his own satisfaction by experience that | the reform of which he is the apostle is a good thing. — A Church Made of Paper, There is a church at Bergen, Nor way, made of paper, which ean accom modate nearly 1000 persons. Its ex terior is octagonal, while in the in terior it te circular in form. The re- lievos without and the decorative statues within, as well ss the vaulted roof, nave and Corinthian capitals, are made of papier mache, which has been made waterproof by soaking in a solution of quicklime, curdled milk and white of egg. San Francisco Call. C——— - England’s Torpedo BDesiroyers, The Havoc, the new torpedo de stroyer of the British naval foroe, can ston as fast ns a railway train, and ean turn with such repidity in her own length that she wonld cat a good figure in a marine walte There are to bea dozen such vessels, the fastest steamers in the world, and they are expected to do smart service on ooea- sion. . They eonld oateh anything afloat, or ax rapidly retreat. The next war will bo interasting in more ways ‘than one. = Toronto Empire, 22 fon eh on Rn Pe A a Vy omy in the Kitchen, fect it is RE Tae Modern Litehoats, Ther many kind ganda many ther device mensions I AR ad the or int safely 6730 IAN persons mye capsized fourteen times nite Of the boats’ but these nox dents bein drowned, heir sRvYeoed A “self-righting” mm the our own 4 itis English service, and in » a limited extent by way of experimggl, This boat is constructed with mrchambers at the bow stern snd several hundred pounds of iron keel, These canse the boat to ‘right scif wi ] Dont ts largely nsed en capsized by the re sit pred ie the “ if bailin proper es g would seem to be nearest bie approach to the ideal ular Science Monthly ——— Built fromm) Pop A House The tat ol Sea Shells, f some very strange hal to be found all over Ari ZONA The most of them are built of adobe or which is plentiful, and the only thing that cannot be ex plained is who were their bailders But there is one ruin in the Huachuea Mountains which is a mystery It is 200 miles from the ocean around of for miles, not it, and yet the Indd ju ex rains « ns ere concrete, nnd wka and The re is no water it on all sides are r hills San | even the suggestion of house is built of sen she ment It is hardly lil hat the buil of | A " iy Jikeiy th it the builder of | Co. only, whose name is printed on evary ths terial were honse wonld have carried his ma across the when ther rocks at hand that would have served his purpose, and the question is-~where did the shells come from? There are a dozen varieties in the walls, aud one over the door is of ex traordinary size. The house has room inside for five or six persons York Witness, dese re, come mothers, shou Laow that Doctor Pierce's Favorite Pre or par- ™ “Jabor" and the period of confine ty shortened. It also of an abundance of wd ah gant for the child. work. a necessity to the prudent—it goes furtl N. B. RO CEA A nae ; yw re ne : ES LO AOS ON ON ONION SOS JON AORN and | | the value to health of the pure liquid | remedy, Syrup of Figs. | gists in 50c and 81 bottles, but it is man New URING hard times consumers cannot afford to experiment. Be ey. ic with inferior, cheap brands of bLak- It is NOW that of in need ing powder. the great strength and purity the ROYAL stand out as a friend to those who desire to practise Econ- Each spoonful does its per- [ts increasing sale bears wi tness that 1Cr, ' iollar 1in- vested in Royal Baking Powder is worth a dollar srocers say that every the world over, that it does not consume their capital in dead stock, because it is the great favorite, and sells through all times and se CASO SS, AM. BAKING POWDER CO § WALL BT. NEW-VORK, We LA RT i De Dg An Xland Missing, Four Heldrs Gets a Ouartes i Pace fle Ay sa spot where V off Vg ghiart ing i {6 lay) whit diameter 1 and offi He YOIoan ux niand osused Baltimors tal + Fret £560 000.000 (MM) peopie, 1000) [2 1Cem “* COLCHESTER" SPADING BOST- 7/1 ur rt TYE FY KNOWLEDGE Brings comfort and improvement and | tends personal enjoyment when rightly used. The many, who live bet. ter than others and enjoy life more, with less expendi by more promptly | adapting the world's best products to | the needs of physical being, will attest Yor oor wile exten of the sole protecting ging, Kr, » to tarp ture, laxative principles embraced in the the shank in ditching, dige BREST Gaality Thronghout* ts excellence is due to its presenting ow in the form most acceptable and pleas ant to the taste, the refreshing and truly beneficial properties of a perfect lax. ative ; effectually cleansing the system, dispelling colds, headaches and fevers wi permanently curing constipation. It has given satisfaction to millions and met with the approval of the medical profession, because it acts on the Kid: neys, Liver and Bowels without weak ening them and it is perfectly free from every objectionable substance. Syrup of Figs is for sale by all drug. vy Games Progressive America, The me Greatest of Fam et entertaining and | It repaid, for fifteen 2.00 Trade Company, Bostor ufactured by the California Fig Syrup package, also the name, Syrup of Figs, and being well informed, you will not accept any substitute if offered. RSION wa nen on, B, Ss ity P out iat a fret fies S'pime, La wine md odionting cisires SLY Shia, ALZER'S NORTHERN GROWN SEED The perms planting Baiwer's Goats pow bnowd 1 times Beemune ther double all yoda’ Try it for 10 i seeds for the million, 8 —— A —— THERE {ERAS ECULATE IN STOCKS. H Ww ? Thoroughly post yourself as to tie genom! outlook, And probable course oF The Market, hy eating or writiag here, and so avali yourseif of AE eR of in Lion and enlightenment, which we freely piace at your Gisposai-then ACY as Judgmeet dio WHERE? WuEN FOr TH bout say ing tl romree with Us. Our aniform courtesy and Hberlity will do everything posite to help vim, 11 not romwes isnt to VISE us, write, wd get our boow, Tully instracting vem © Bow 16 Reeoplate," and to herein we impart all the wisdom on this subject thats voochsuled to Joy ean advise us of Jour Wishes by letter or wire, and Jone orders will be a taitbfully *xerved COLUMBIAN COMMISSION (CO.. — ORK. Nowi it Is the only Lime you are sure ofdife is Soeting, Bear in @ind Tnat * The Gods Help Taose Who Help Them-. seives,” Self Help Should Teach You to Use SAPOLIO
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers