» MATCH MANUFACTURING. THE SIMPLE INVENTION WHICH BANISHED THE TINDER. Sweden is the Great Match Maker Each Person Uses Eight a Day Wax Watches, Every man, woman and child in Eu- rope and America, taking the average, uses eight matches every day in the year, Does it not seem wonderful when one considers the enormous number of matches which, at that rate, the civilized world uses each year to light its fires, its pipes and cigars and other things which re- quire igniting for purposes of every-day convenience! The very notion of getting on without them seems so absurd that one does not realize that it is only within the last sixty years that they have been procurable. How marvelously cheap they | | A liecan be told without saying s | are, tool In fact, there is no product of human manufacture that better illustrates the expense saving advantages of ma- | chinery. When one machine will turn out 15,000,000 matches in why should not mankind regard the phe- nomenon of fire us too commonplace to be worthy of serious consideration. , Sweden is the great match maker of the world, but the industry is conducted on an enormous scale in the United States and other countries. chiefly pine, white or yellow. Timber for the purpose is cut out in bledks fif- teen inches long—long enough to make seven matches. After being freed from the bark the blocks are put into a ma- chine resembling a turning lathe, with a fixed cutting tool by which a continuous strip of veneer is turned off precisely the thickness of a match, While this is being done small knives separate the sheet of veneer into seven bands so that seven long ribbons are produced, the width of each just the length of the match that is to be. Next these ribbons are fed more than one hundred of them at a time into another machine, though first they are cut into six-foot lengths and the xnotty parts are removed. This lafter contri vance chops them into match sticks at the rate of thousands a minute, are afterwards dried in heated drums that revolve. The sticks thus prepared are then sifted to remove all splinters, and the same apparatus that accomplishes this purpose arranges them parallel so as to be conveniently bundled. Finally they are dipped in combustible mixtures, and, although this performance is so elabor- ate as to render a detailed description undesirable, it is performed with as much quickness as the process which went before. From the felled tree to the finished lucifers all is done by machinery, the boxing only ) hand. It was in 1805 that the notion chemical matches was first conceived, In that year a French professor introduced for the purpose a small bottle of asbestos, saturated with sulphuric acid, into which little sticks of wood coated with sulphur and tipped with a mixture of chlorate of potash and sugar, were to be introduced when a light was wanted When the wooden splint thus prepared was broughtin contact with the acid in the bottle ignition followed. In the same year matches tipped with lumps of phosphorus seem to have been known, but they caught fire too readily by spontaneous com bustic a to render them very desirable for household use. An improvement was introduced in 1823, when equal parts of sulphur and phos- phorus were melted together in a glass tube, which was securely corked, When a light was desired a small stick was poked into the tube and a particle’ of mixture withdrawn on the end of it. On exposure to the air the substance caught fire spontaneously. The first really practicable friction matches were made by an English apothe. cary named Walker in 1827, He coated splints of cardboard with sulphur and tipped them with a mixture of sulphate of antimony, chlorate of potash and gum. Each box, holding eighty-four matches and sold for twenty-five cents, contained also a fclded piece of glass paper, which was to be pressed together while the match was drawn through it. Three years later another ingenious person named Jones, in London, pateoted the idea of making a small roll of paper, soaked with chlorate of potash and sugar at one end, with a thin glass globule filled with strong sulphuric acid attached at the same point. When the sulphuric acid was liberated by piaching the globule it acted upon the chlorate of pot- ash and sugar 20 as to produce fire. It was not until 1833 that the phor. phorus friction match was first introduced on a commercial scale, and improve- ments rapidly followed, which have pro. duced the fire-making article as it js sold by the billions of boxes to-day. For a long time the phosphorus, which has al. ways been the most important ingredient, was found a perilous thing to deal with, It occasioned multitudinous sceidents, and wus also the came of widespread disease in the factories. This complaint was of a most dreadful character, caus. ing decay of the jawhones of operatives; being executed by 4 eH strong but it has been found that ventilation | Owing | and cleanliness do away with it, to the danger of fires from the explosion of matches, the *‘safety” variety has grown much ia favor of late years, the phosphorus necessary for ignition being combined with the mixture applied to the surface of the box, instead of forming part of the tipping substance of the splints themselves, Wax matches, so-called, sre manufac. tured chiefly in Italy and Great Britain. They are made drawing strands of Hy £3 8 5 : 3d : : 1 LH f g i i | ten hours, | The wood used is ! which | to strike a light in that country than it does elsewhere, When it is considered how old the world’s civilization is, it seems surpris- ing that man should have only so very recently learned how to make fire easily. The primitive flint-and-steel method is but of the last generation, and that does | not appear so very far ahead of friction i { with wood. It is not astonishing, on the whole, that savages should commonly I suppose that fire really exists in wood | and stone, since it is from those every day materials that they procure a portion {of Prometheus’s precious theft from | heaven. — Washington Star, Mn ant I— WISE WOR DS. Little troubles kill little men, People live for what they hope for. People who think low are sure to live low. | word, Sometimes a good well has a very poor pump, than | Self-conceit is harder to cure | cancer, There is nothing meaner anywhere | than a lie. of the incense. How easy it is to feel ence of a dwarf, big in the pres- { It is the cowardly dog who is always showing his teeth. It is human nature to hate people who show us that we are little, All the philosophy in the world has never made anybody better, To find pleasure in wicked thoughts is as wicked as to commit wicked deeds. The man learned to people he doesn’t like is on the right road. The love does it much. who has love that never speaks until it on a gravestone doesn’t mean There can be to be conscious of im per! selves, thing, but making an your lomance is one honest living snd paying debts is another, More men would be rich if they wives were not afraid to trust their with the care of their money. It won't help your own crop any to sit on the fence and count the weeds in your neighbor's field. Lifting on somebody else's burden is best thing in the world to do to make your own lighter, th Lie Th: best way to get rid of the blues is to try to push the clouds away from the windows of other people. I» the merciful. Don't mortgage “Blessed are forget that when you have a on the home of a poor widow, Life is real, life is earnest, but with the thermometer at pinety-eight degrees in the shada it is a great deal ossier to sit still than it is to go out in the sun and say so.—JTadianapolis (Ind.) Bam's Horn. ——— Water Too Mach for a Mob. Right in San Francisco to-day lives a man who was a ringleader of a mob in Tucson, Arizona, that was foiled in a most peculiar way in an attempt to lynch a prisoner who was charged with murder. ing a prospector. Court was in session at the time and the prisoner was confined ina the Tucson court house, through the main entrace of which was the ouly way of access to the jail from the street. An adjowrnment had been taken for the day and, as it happened, the only man left at the court house was the janitor, a slow, methodical oid fellow pamed Hand. Rumors had beea circa- lated for several days that an attempt weald be made to lynch the prisoner re- ferred to, but as no demonstrations had been made the sheriff had grown care. less, and had removed the guard. Just about the dusk of the evening in ques. tion, the old janitor, who was enjoying a smoke on the court house steps, saw a | mob approaching, and in an instant real. ized its meaning. Slowly removing his pipe from his mouth, he laid it carefully aside and stepped into the oerridor of the building. A section of fire hose stood near, and deliberately unreeling it, he screwed it on to the hydrant and ad. justed the nozzle. He stcod there in readiness, and when the leader of the mob reached the doorway he turned the | water on full force. Owing to the great elevation of the reservoir the pressure is enormous, and the stream as it struck the leader staggered him. He hesitated and | turned to face his companions. That | settled it, and before they could recover | from their surprise every man in the mob | was drenched from head to foot, The i stream seemed to increase mn force and volume, and one after another the would. | be iynchers fled. In five minutes not oe | of them could be seen in any direction, ! and when the sheriff put in an appearance {old Hand had reeled up the hose and nll $+ Cell In | was again seated on the steps smoking | | away as if nothing had happened, —San Francisen Call, neem. Strength of Mea and Aunts, {| An ant three-vighths of an inch long, carrying a burden of onc-sixth of a grain, | moves at the rate of one mile in eleven (hours. This weight—a small one com- | pared with what they sometimes carry eighteen times their own, In carry. | evening » | of the barrel, It takes fire to bring out the fragrance | | exterminated in a large orchard and gar- | | den.,—New York Observer. | never beheld. | for fully one-half hour did they continue | | until every duck was filled up to its bili | THE FARM AND GARDEN, EDUCATION OF HORSES, Horses can be educated to che extent of their understanding as children, and | can be easily damaged or ruined by bad management, We believe that the dif ference found in horses, as between vies ious habits and reliability, comes much more from the different management of men than from the variance of natural disposition in animals, Horses with high mettle are more easily educated than those of less or dull spirits, and | more susceptible to ill training, and con- sequently, may be made good or bad, according to the education they receive. | we The Horse, | than the sour, - on - LN #t. When drills came into use it woon became easier to distribute drilled corn in straight rows, wide enough apart for cultivation, This produces large, juicy and sweet stalks and some nubbins of ears, If the fodder corn has no nubbing on it something is wrong; either the land is too poor, or more probably the seed has been drilled in too thickly. Rich, sweet stalks are of no less im- portance in making ensilage, The richer the material put into the silo, the better will be the product, in only nearly mature corn the fermenta- tion can be kept down 80 as to produce a sweeter ensilage, and one that has lost a smaller proportion of its nutritive value | rotten stufl, originally | poor, that comes out almost worthless, TRAP FOR NIGHT-FLYING INSECTS. A trap for night-flying insects can be | made as follows: Remove the top and | bottom from a barrel, and then smear it | well with tar. Across one end nail a | strip of wood, to this [asten a cord, 80 that the barrel may be hung where de- sired. It should hang from two to three feet from the ground, and a large pan or tub should be placed beneath, In the spend a lighted lantern from the strip, lowering it about to the centre By using thirty of these traps, the injurious insects were almost | POTASH IN POTATOES, The New Jersey Agricultural Exper ment Station bas tested the influence of some mineral fertilizers on the character of the potatoes treated with them, experiments gave sions: First, that cial fertilizers for best results being se used with prices are The the following conclu- it pays to use commer potatoes; second, the cured when they are manure; third, the same sulphate of potash has no advantage over Trials were i for the A any difference barn when muriate, mn to test the quality table, and to ascertain if could be discovered in the cooketl tuber. All being dry of the choice of those the chemists in their and reson 1a Henly, sia.lon were of potash; and ainted with the tation th fertilizers, - HOW TO DRY HERDS. ng Many of the plants and roots growl wild, as well as those that are cultivated, bave well known medicinal properties, which are often found very useful, and make then worth gathering and pre serving until a time of need. For some reason, however, people nowadays are far more peglectful in attending to this That their value is in its proper season than formerly, such plants have not lost abunda: scarcely the drug stores or for sale in in medicinal and other herbs, ering them yearly, families living in the country can always have a supply of § their own with the assurance that they bave not lost their virtues by age. Most plants are best gathered for pre- servation when in ower and full leaf, ire hardened ibre-—certainly before frost. to ary them in the shade in ¢ Lhe os have a current the san or The green color should be preserved as well as pos dry air than by exposure to of in a drying-house. sible, as also the aromatic qualities, both of which will be unfavorably affected by too rapid drying in the hot sun or by artificial heat. The same method of drying applies to roots, snd both plaats and roots after the should be stored 10 wanted, — | New York curing a dry place until World. DESTROYERS, E. H. Kern, Mankato, Kan., has sent the following letter to the Department of Eatomology at Washington: I notice in Vol. 3 of *‘Insect Life," *‘Bird Ene- | mies of Potato Beetle.” [ wish to add my experience in that line, Several years ago my potato field was aimost ruined because I could not use Paris | green, as my stock was in danger from it. A large pond of water attracted about twenty of my neighbor's ducks to its shore. 1 never did fancy ducks very much, and I told him so. He said be would give them to me if I would care for them, as he could not keep them at home. The next morning I went down to the pond at sunrise to try and drive! suid ducks in a pen. lous sight, Headed by an old drake, ! the twenty ducks were waddling off in a | bee-line for my potato-field. 1 crawled into some bushes and awaited develop. ments. As they came to the end of the rows they seemed to deploy right and left, and such a shoveling of bugs 1 They meant business, and DUCKS AS BUG I saw a very cur | with worms, Then they went for that | pond, and I went for their owner and | d him $1 for the entice bunch--this | ng sll he would accept. When I re. | turned every duck seemed to be trying | to outdo its fellow in noise. This expe. | dition was repeated about 4 r. um. and | kept up until every bug went under. I | have tried these ducks and others since, | sod find they all like them and seem to | get fat oa potato bugs, 1 have been an sth apjotiasian all my life and never saw quail at the bugs in this western ry. GROWING FODDER CORN, improvement in methods of corn. fodder has been made called ‘sowed corn,” words implied the lack of cultivation which sll sowed crops | fodder corn | for a late supply. | varieties are used it will do but little in- | herbage flourishes accordingly. harrowing breaks {and has to be generally supplemented | with grain to make a living ration, It is much ensilage that no grain, or only at most a little bran or wheat mid- possible to put so | dlings, wili be needed to supplement it. | In giving corn room enough to spread | nike : : | sive; eyes weak, ringing in ears, | deafness ; especially when midsummer droughts cut | and taste impaired, and general de- that it can | V | likely to be present at once. out snd begin earing a greater weight of stalks can be grown by thick sowing, and sear the sown barely get into corn tassel, 80 and is merely a mass of nutritious leaves, Boston Culdi- | | self, and all the troubles that come valor. FARM ARD GARDEN XOTES. Relieve the overloaded trees of fruit. Have horses collars open at the bot. tom. Veterinary dentistry is a growing bus- iDeEs, Strawberry plants require plenty of fertilizing. One filthy cesspool may make a whole family sick. The bees garner what would otherwise go to waste, There is too much plowing and serap- ing in ‘working on the road.” Whitewash now every two wecks—it will keep houses, run and roots free from ought to raise a grower s0 should every grain butter can be traced too high or to skimming White specks in to a temperature 100 close. ample care of honey and comb dou't Follow the bee's « and in your let any- thing go to waste, Move quietly among your chickens; they are s timid set and do not admire boisterous company. The ideal place for an apiary is where the bees can get pleaty of blooms, spring, summer and autumn. {emember, pasturing takes five acres to each cow for six months; wsoiling feeds a cow from one acre for a whole Year. b void vermin during the half pound of powdered sulpur added to it will help woader{ully. dust-box to hes warm Provide a g months, In disposing of eggs in market sepa. rate the kinds, as they appear more uni form and attract quicker than if all sizes aod shades are mixed up. If you want a first-class price for your honey use the best white poplar sections, ship in six pound crates, snd carefully remove all the bee glue from the sections that the comb will look spick and span.* 80 When cucumbers are planted place some brush near the that the vines can climb on the brush for sup- port. In this manner the young cucum- bers intended for picking can be more easily picked. hills so Do not be afraid to plant more peas If the fall.growing jury if they fall over. Do not be deterred from planting because of the difficu'ty of providing sdpports, as they my be omitted One of the mysteries of nature as seen in fruit is realized in the delicate differ. ences in flavor. The combination and proportion of ingredients that make a certain flavor--that make a peacha peach | blackberry—is a | and a blackberry a study for scientists, It helps the grass crop, blue grass, or | timothy, to harrow the fields every spring | and loosen *he surface of the sods. The | grass roots take a deeper hold and the Besides and sproads up | the droppings of aaimals left during the | winter, Young pigs pastured in orchards will do good service in destroying insects; those for early market should be given a meal of slop daily, Chickens should be guarded aginst hawks, owls, rats and other enemies, + Give them pleaty of range, however, aud provide “good nest ing places. No matter how well a peach orchard may be fertilized, if grass is permitted to grow around the trees they will not thrive. There is always a deeper green color to the leaves of trees that are kept clear of grass, even if no fertilizer is ap- | plied, compared with trees that are not properly worked. The cultivator should be used in the peach orchard freqaently and the ground kept loose, To have the least trouble with a young calf never let it suck its mother, or, if it has sucked before fluding, remove at pail of milk suitabl calf will Lara to drink, Tt the calf is to be fattened continue to lot it suck the nger in the milk as long as it will, The gets the milk more slowly that way, In tact, by putting richness into | | at others, thick, | cure, is Dr. Sage’s Catarrh Remedy, | The worst cases vield to its mild, wand they're willing to prove it ABULT East Tecanessee's VINE CLIMATE and Unie? HEsoUsORs if BNOAVILLE sENTINEL: anally mo SW; weesiy | year wi ee . | every disease of the skin, ex- | cept | Druggist in the United States ———— A UIA SAI { | i : i | / | &QPYRIGH 0] Every one suffers | from Catarrh in the Head. Those | who don’t have it suffer from those who do. It's a disease you can't keep to yourself, Here are some of the symptoms: Headache, obstruction of nose, dis. charges falling into throat, some- times profuse, watery, and acrid, tenacious, mucous, purulent, bloody, putrid, and offen- | | LYDIA E. PINKHAM'S 227000 . Com nd cures all those peculiar wesknesses and alle ments of women, sll organic diseases of the Uterus or Womb, and Ovarian Troubles, Bearing. Gowti Rensations, Debility, Nervous Prostration, ele. Every Druggist sells it, or sent by mall, in form of Pills or Lozenges, on receipt of $1.00. iP Be Plobhae’s bush, Culde to Health snd Eoiguetio,® brastifolly osestnd sent on reevipt of tes Le, stampa, Lydia BE. Pinkham Med, Co., Lynn, Mass. offensive breath ; smell bility. Dut oniy a few of these The cure for it—for Catarrh it “August Flower” Mrs. Sarah M. Black of Seneca, Mo., during the past two years has been affected with Neuralgia of the Head, Stomach and Womb, and writes: ‘My food did not seem to strengthen me at all and my aj tite was very variable. My was yellow, my head dull, and I had such pains in my left side. In the morning when I got up I would have a flow of mucus in the mouth, and a bad, bitters taste. Sometimes my breath became short, and I had such ing, palpitatin sensations around the heart I ached all day under the shoulder blades, in the left side, and down the back of my limbs, It seemed to be worse in the wet, cold weather of Winter and Spring; and whenever the spells came on, my feet and hands would turn cold, and I could ret no sleep at all. I tried everywhere, and go no relief before using August Flower Then the change came. It has done me a wonderful deal of good during the time I have taken it and is work- ing a complete cure.” ® GG. GRY '» Man'fr. Woathary X_ |. REAM BL! Me Jennscs vee Nosul yi Tis Pin sa. | flame. on, Mess Restores .asie and Smell, .nd Cures from it—a perfect and permanent soothing, cleansing and healing Fopurtien A 1ccord of 25 years has proved that to its proprietors to you They do it in this way: If they can’t cure your Catarrh, no matter how bad your case, or of how long standing, they'll pay you #500 in cath. Can you have better proof of the healing power of a medicine 7 oASONC) ENT ANDO (STAB 1810- or Internal and External Use Stopes Pain, Cramps, Inflammation in body or Bm, queer, tumbi From the “Pacific Journal.” "A great invention has been made by Dr, Tutt of New York. He has prodoced Tutt’s Hair Dye which imitates nature to perfection; it acts fostantancous!y and is perfectly harmless, Price, $1. Office, 39 & 41 Park Pisce, N. XK HINSICN®S Due all SOLDIERS a bied. BH Tee for increase *® yours ox Write for Laws, A.W Mcossitx TE i A " 1 0 ~ELY'S Passages, ly into the Fostr 4 «meet A BE. [cos vy i Gi ih Bin CK 1 TW DONALD KENNEDY JONES TE Of Roxbury, Mass., says 5Ton Scares $60 Freicnr Pan Kennedy's Medical Discovery A — I —————— ro cures Horrid Old Sores, Deep- . ! “JONES BingraMTON NY | Seated Ulcers of 40 years standing, Inward Tumors, and 8100.000.000.29: NS. DAKOTA will have this mmount of Grain, trowel, and Produce 10 turs off ia the next 20 spot Pierre ls the Commereial Netroots and Captial of his Migte, and the most promising of all the young Western Cities. FoRrvees will be made on sanall foe vestments in Heal Extate in Pierre In the vexg few vara. | give a past antes of profil with warranty deed ots In Piorre For nforg® ation and qpeciel gute tions, sdcodress CHAR L YORE Pisses, 8 Dak. FRAZER AXLE SENT IN THE WORLD GREASE EFF det toe Yenuine. 80a Everywhare JAY FEVER ome ro sar conen & ASTHMA We want the name and ad ares of every sufferer mthe U.S and Canada. Add Wran, NEavoos, WREroMED mortals (ob Si well and keep well, Mealth Helper tells how, ota 8 FORE, Same ssf Tea. Dr, 4. ". DYE Edisor, Buffalo, X,Y, Thunder Humor, and Cancer that has taken root Price, $1.50. Sold by every and Canada. NYN U-39 "NS SIO JOMN W. MORRIS, Washington, B.C, | Claims. [Ph ] Jyunin eet ! ner son Parean, W wat, Lad) udionling claims, Bil) F. Bareld Bayes, 5, Sufule, wliom JUNCH says Bu : hitobe done ? ught stands for nothin The house ought to be cleaned: reemene With Sap olio. Tryacake inyour next house-cleaning and be convinced, of the law excuses no “IGNORANCE © “° i ises a no excuse for a dirty house or greasy kitchen. Better clean them in the old way than not at all; but the modern and sensible way is to use SAPOLIO on paint, on floors, on windows, on pots and pans, and even on statuary. To be ignorant of tha uses of SAPOLIO is to be behind the age. ——— ——
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers