Lhe Centre Democrat, LMF 48,000 HUNS IN 0OAL MINES, Mew the Tariff on Co Pressuar du trial activity there is scarcely « more clesrly the insincerity of the protectionisis’ plea for tariff to protect ingmen ton on biwwminous coal, the wage worker, taking the region over, ob- 3 «| in their value as a cheapener of la tawnied for his hard and dangerous toil | bor, almost balance the profit. [are wild | neither life nor property when they searcely enough to provide for th. bre necessities of life, Las: year there was mined through. aut the entire bituminous coal fields of | ** K 10 force their employers to terns the Saute 30,866,000 tons, which was worth on the cars at the mines full $30,000 000, and which, shipped 1, destination, wes worth more thaw $50 - | 600,000. This enormous wealth was | produced by 45,000 of the paid and mos! Surafolly workingmen in the world. er: thewse ves are not as well paid as! the sane elas of labor in the Engi and Continental European mines, and they aie compelled to pay extravagant | rents fur poor houses, which are furn | is el '. the Euglish winer for noth- | ing; and in orier to hold their pl ses a the mives niust submit in al every district 10 the exactions of Cum nan) store, THE AVEKAGE MINER'S WAGES In 1885, when the State Depnri- ment «f luernal Affairs gathered om * vaiaable statistics bearing upon | labor evapeusadons in the bituwin- | Ous coal fields, it was foond tha: (he! 44-000 persons employed in the re ion | were paid in wages $14.240,774, whey | the output was 20.647.720 tons coal and 3 588.876 tons of coke. the | value of which, at the mines, was not less than $26 000,000. This shows an average for the region of about | $324 a year, or 1 58 than $6,254 weck : Ia the same year the average for the | sathracil: region was $6.67 per week. | Last yen: there were mined 30,866, 000 ton - of coal, which was dug by 37,000 nivers who in some plac s| were duily in peril of their lives, | The average vieid per miner was 834 tons, aod the average price paid | throught the region was not more | thau 45 cents per ton, which shows an | 5 Far ! | Ll he i i | | i 0 out | fon. AN EFFECTIVE METHOD OF REDUCING WAGES, It is not extravagant f{o estimate | the rent overcharges and the ‘ pluck me” store overcuarges at 10 per cent of the wages paid throughout the re. gon. The Bureau of Statis: ies of the i department of Internal Affairs in 1885 declared that theresults of the “pluck. | me’, store system amounted to a re duction of 15 per cent. in the men's wages. The exactions of thes. lishments have been toned down some what by the results of strikes snd other rece it events, but only a per- | ~entagd of the evil which exited in 1884 baz heen lopped off, lhere is | Searcely a mine or a coke plant in the | entire bituminous coal country where the company house is Dot a festure, and there are very few instances where the rents are at all reasonable, ang at most of the operations the rentals de- manded almost amount to robbery The average retit thirGaghout the re. gion is abs ¢stab ¥ve $5 a month, or 860 "a ear, and the average cost of the is not above $200. Where, Shen, is the protection for wage wor k- ers who average less than 87 a week, sad who are compelled to pay $5 a» month for the rent of a $200 house These men must also buy at the com- y store, and pay as much per ton coal, freight deducted, as fue coal is worth in the market. A STRIKING FEATURE OF FCAPE Some of the booses in the Clearfield regior , avout Asllitzin, in the coke sand other parts of the coal are 80 old sod weatherbeaten that they latin the rain io summer and the cold blasts in winter, snd it is a marvel how the e who in- babi them keep from roesing, At some places the company houses riva us Plces tie. a the sheds and dog houses inhabited or the Ialisns at Honeybook and scher fo~eign labor.cursed sections of the suthraciie coal fon. One of the striking featores of almost every Inodscace shot 8 bituminous coal mine in this State is the inevitable ~elaster or hamlet of small, twostory, - wnpaioted and roughly built houses, when the wageworker of the district Tue rasp’ al Has Affected Labor, fuby 63 pe Pa., Sept. 12.14 in- | © K* Worke { garians, P : hu R the wages ors Jniarems of the wor i tare still welcome, although io 1] i | of the districts the vl varuings at the company sore. rest | | “protected * BULLETINS OF IMMIGRANT ARRIVALS. The mio-| At Philipsburg, on the corner of | change cars, is often filled with the people and their baggage, and the | | Foreign laborers in ated | men, labor is « bespencd, the f | Government is asked to ke e] Crock and Galitgin consists of the chenp.living and cheap wi rking for. cigner who canoot spesk the Foglith language, and coal fields reent of the miners and over on third of the workers today duced” immigrants from Cont nental many found two disadvantages, which, even They aod dangerous, sparing and they sped very liitle of their But these people are still coming into such regions as the Clearfilld district where they are gradoally forcing all English-spesking labor out, she most prominent street in the town at the door of the largest bank in the place, is always kept posted an ans nouncement of the date and the arrival of the latest European steamer, with a statement when the immigrants bound for the coal coun \ry may be expected at Philipsburg or Tyrone. The station at yroue, where the Cleaifield-boand foreigners LL railroad officials there say that it is a wonder where all of Tha statisticians of the Koights of Labor estimate the number of these the bituminous coal fields to-day at not Jess than 11 G00 or 12000. As there are 87 000 “ivdaced” laborers in the anthracite region it will be seen that there are over 458000 pauper laborers ia the coal fields of Pennsylvania, HANDICAPPED BY THE COMPANIES, RAILROAD This entire element could be elimin workmen who would remain coul handle the ontput ef coal as at present restricted by the transportation com panies and the operators. Jn addi. tion to the evidence of the mining in- spectors themselves, that if the miners | which indicates 8 concerted purpose | {on the part of the transportation com. panics to keep the coal back by re fusing cars to the mioers. The resu t '& that the mines are running on short time, that they are overcrowded with . reign n | miner, who can live on $125 a year, | erowds the Eoglish-speakiog miner | the wall, and the tariffpioected | operator | transporta ion companies grow richer and monopoly-protected and more prosperous every day, while the workingman, for whose sake ths » up the { tarifl, is left to his hovel and the ten. der mercy of the ‘pluck-me” store, Within a week two Pittsburgh papers have published articles complaining that the railroad Companies Are not furnishing éars lo the miners, al- though the coal trade is brisk and prices are stiff One of these articles tells the story io its lead lines. which read: “Coal and cokemen complain- ing of scarcity of cars,” and the other declares that the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company is not furnishing the necessary number of cars for Western shipment. PAYING A BONUS TO OUsT AMERICANS, This state of aflairs throughout the bituminous coal country bat increases the difficulty of the Foglish-spesking miner and coke-drawer 10 cope with bis Hungarian competitor. The Hun is glad to a place in the mines where a native miner would starve, and if he can make $250 a year be- mining bosses or superintendents 1G give them places already American citizens, Charges, sfliJavits to sastain them, have been published in the labor evils of the chen tition. A Hungarian, tire coal region over average, pays less than $100 a for his lode ng and board and less than $20 lives in the makes himself a home. Rows of such dwell ogs obtrude themselves even in she inrge i. filth which cannot be tious wiierly ropoesive to ons utterly repulsive to a and joselll nt which who have flooded the in recevt years, aod that ré io thy Connellsville re gion are of the same class, S atisties rival anywhere io Pennsylvania to the | [700 the other dist icts indicate tha: val anywhe ) ; | great biwmivous coal interests. No : ; , in the bitnminous country ure Hun- protected industry in the State shows ules and other recently * jo. Jurope, At some places these people operators have time of them find homer, | from the labor supply of the | { coal fields, and the English-speaking gios to become a customer at the near. estbank of deposit. So numerous and so greedy are these people, and 80 sharp their competition, that in some cases they actually pay the filled by with pers of the region, showing that this has been dove, sud it but adds another to the p foreign labor compe- takiog the en- and striking an ear * worth of clothing. Ho most squalid poverty and adequately described. It is this ability to exist # plitance, to live Wider oobi. “reo- ies ALMOST EVERYBODY SWEARS. To —— Careliss Expressions Which Are Really In | vocations of the Doity-—Bad Taste, When we coms to think of it, almost every. hody swears, Not a downright, up and up, out and out swear, to be sure, but some sort of a makeshift for an oath falls now and then from almost everybody's lips. There are times when what are popularly known as “euss words” seem the only thing to fill the bill—the masculine bill, that is, Many oaths have lost their original signif- feance and evil virilit Y, and survive merely as more. or less innocent expletives for the relief of feminine feelings, How many of the women who a dozen times a day ex- claim, “0 dear!” or “( dear me!" stop to thunk—or would know if they did think that these careless expressions are invoea- tions of the Deity? “O dear)” comes from the Italian, “O Dio meaning "0 God" and “O dear me!” from “0 Dio nti!” “0 my God!" while “I vam quite a common expression among New England country folk, both male and female, is doubtless a corruption of “I vow to Him!" There be those who say that “Dear suz!"—a favorite old fashioned feminine expletive-—-means, or once meant, “Dear Jesus!” and who does not know that “Gracious and “Goodness I” mean “Gracious God!” and “Eternal Good. ness!” if they mean anything? The rustic evades the onth with his “I swan “By mighty ™ and similar expres sions, which serve as a safety valve, without | &=violating the decalogue, | Yet “I swan!” can bo traced to “I swear to One,” and “By mighty,” of course, means | “By the Almighty.” That atrocious busolie concatenation, “I snam!” defles definition, but who cau doubt that jt originally meant | something it ought not to meant My good und devout oid grandfather, who | would as soon have taken a life as the name | of his God in vain, would have been horri- | fled to hear that his semi-oorasional | “Zounds!™ was but an abbreviation of | “God's wounds!” while his brother, who in | emergent moments was given to shouting “S'death, sir” would bave been equally | seandalized to krow he was swearing by | “His (Christ's) death." | While there can be little question that | SWearing was resorted to in the first instance | to omphasize men's meaning, there cau be no port of question that the promiscuous pro- | fanity of today utterly defeats its own ob et Wt the soweaker's Remonstrate | =to bis thinkin lack of meanin with any habi | be “means noth g why & logue, but the sensibili him Mary Globe, i ——————— i Peeulinrities of the Jail Bird, The liberated Jail dy for the close observer of buman nature and charse. te Heo looks nervously over his shoul "ms f bei 13s half inclined to break (nto a | Tun or te dive into the first secures alleyway | that presents itaelf. It is apparent from the expression on each man's face shat he can i hardly realize that he is free once mere | His independence as tually oppresses him and makes him {ll ab ease, nslantiy 20 bird is ast fat on Eler ory hy As i suspic {| lowed. an feeling of n | him, and ho keeps constantly looking down | a8 his wrinkled trousers, gives his coat sleeves | & straightening pull every thirty secon | brushes some parti ularly dirty spot ohsery on his vest with the palm « i band. Then be takes off his hy | sure that it is not the str ped one | worn for the past six months. and | convinces himself that it is not by r ! upon his shaven bead again with grin { faction The i a frie Le noes are that the jail bird will have 1 awaiting him outside the gate, or | perhaps the wife whom he a sh rt time ag almost murdered will be thers wit a baby { in ber arms forgetting how be abused her aod ready to welcome aim back again | the other band if no one | bim he will, as soon as be reschos the first | crossing, come to a sudden halt, with ur i tain resolve which way to go { only three directions t | oertain; but which to take it is 5s | cult to decide. Had be a coin in his pocket {18 would be a tom up: but be is unfortn- | nately, not overburdened with wealth, Sud. denly, however, be will burry down down town, and in a moment is lost in the crowd, on his way no one knows whore, That same evening you may, perchance, see him sitting on one of the Battery Park benches, where if be happens to fail asleep bo will be arrested for vagrancy, and next morning the same little high pressure tug that brought him to the city will carry him back for another sojourn among the granite quarries and produce gardens of Blackwell's Island. —Jobn Preston Beecher in New York News. He Filled the Void. On ones to rereive le a There are Mn, that is wali Rediff. fey Woome fr and One of the g black and tan wi John was remarkably dirinutive canine's comfort, “What do you call him? asked John. “Pag,” said the ‘That's her, and or the ng lady. “she £3133 UH £3 g ’ 3 A AAA pe SM TAKING ANESTHETICS. TERRIBLE HOLD oF THE heir ON NERVOUS AMERICANS, What Chicago Physiclans Have Observed in the Course of Their Practice lar Temporament of the American People. Appalling State of Things. Dr. B. 8 Arnulphy, the heart and hung specialist, wns the first physician appealed to for information on the subject, He sald; “My practios in mericd only extends back two and a half years, but in that time I have, I think, seen sufficient of the use of anmsthotics to enable me to speak intelli gently, I have practiced extensively in Russia and France, and in the latter country society women, as a class, are somewhat de. voted to the morphine and chloral haat, But so fur as! have beet able to observe, there is more resorting vo anmsthetios in this country than in any o untry | have reside in. It may be due to the peculiar sensitive. ness and excitability of people inhabiting this part of the world, The people here are more susceptible to emotions of pain and Pleasure than those of other lands The sys tom of the average educated American is wrought up to a pitch of nervousness which I have observed nowhere else, and this Cray. ing for relief from pain and slosplosness, which In its turn produces the desire for an awmsthetic, is the direct outcome of this ner Yousness of temperament, “My observations teach me that morphine is the drug most commonly used by these nervous men and women, and the extent to which it is used is enormous. Theres are, however, some pow agents that have Intely Peeu- THE FAN IN JAPAN, —— cn BIGNING AND MANUFACTURING, A Great Variety of Colors Applied by Means of Blocks of ( Berry Wood —F uns for Gentlemen of Taste Etiquette, The Paws Maa y Uses Among the seenes of unique interest which arrest the eye of the tray eler in Japan one i finds one's self well repaid for a visit to tha fan makers. Few of those Who visit the curios shops to purchase these gaudy trifles have any idea of the meaning of their pict. uresqus designs or the method by which they are made, Yet this handicraft does really more to advertise Japan than any other manufacture. Fans are made by thousands of independent Inborers, centralized capital and labor for the manufacture of works of art and handicraft being ux yet little known in Japan, The principal workers trade are found in Tokic Fukui, We have have watched the operation from beginning to snd—the splitting of bamboo, the cutting and pasting of delicate rice by the girls, the artistic the finishing and packing times inscribed with « lassic quotations, poetry, statistical tables, almange lore, maps, pictures of noted places and congratulations, Often these are made to « architecturs in Europe, or even Yokohama, that city being the immediate link between the Japaneses and foreigners. Thus are the fans in the household, of which there are many, made to educats the family. The design for the pictures on an ordi in this » Kioto, Nsgovas and y dainty Pleturing, come into practice which are claimed to pro duce the effects of morphine and partake of none of its dangers,” “And what aro the Symptoms that show a woman 10 be a slave of anmsthetion, and that show ber she is breaking down “There are hardly any Symptoms at first Perhaps there may be a little beay inoss of the | bead, a bitter taste in the mouth and an ab- #enoe of appetite, Later of course RErvOous system gets me on, re excitable, doses are required Those who } f ry # the babit of using inject of time soor BIS unable to nose read, write, or w of moredsines the inflgene of a “A young physician wi #0 bad attained as moe wl be areused from a se wd Aigection of oor achieved the fullness of § is facultie drive out and see his patents t Pp | Brain, for dust pans and share al | tog the fan paper © | changes in the empire | have the choloest of | them before bir | Anighed with very han { laoquered | soribe Shuis daisy ty tit ON | them « fiat fan is first drawn on pasted on a block graved; alerward thin paper, then of cherry wood and eu. printed from this by luy- m the block and press smoothly. Japanese books In this way for centuries ng have been printed The variety of colors th not infrequently as many as Often the picture papers nes laid between I pasted on frame aid and ars put on wi twenty blocks perfar the then gold dies, inl WH, When bo invites his | lerary friends i Bouse they must go prepared 6 in refreshment offered A rack of siiver hooks, or ris found in every house of the least pretention ; ; Japan uses the fan for a great variety of Wrpones; made of stout paper $5 winnow fire blow. dipping in nO RTIval a tubular fan bolde ers. of waterproof paper for | water and as a vaporizer, for producing ex- | tra coolness to the {aoe | winged fans for the Day acent to make have not of consumption | long exclu “Or. J eros and i" women of PITIn and antidebrin, two preparations that are anal & and many. factured from various ehemios They are claimed to be the best known cure for Load. ache, and are used in large quantities by | Women in society. The latest production, which is used here, and which will therefore Interest you more, is ‘sulpbonal,’ a new agent, claimed to be a perfect substitute for morphine and also claimed to be absolutely without injury to the system Sulpbonal, | aeoording to my observation, is used v generally. People carry anti-pyrin and sul. phonal sround with them ether when it was first introduced, peculiar fact that whenever Shea hie H LE now as they did It sa i anything new | i» i : g 5 i 4 } j § E gt § ¥ ! | Inoquered cabinet, in There &re double Joggier, who makes a erfly of paper Butter up the ode of a d, for the judges ai wrestling matches and for the dam BE Bil, who makes her fan & part of ber own graceful mot hand classio Pons 8 charming grace of manner the Japanese are uneguaied, and secret though decors |) often expressed in artistio unated by openly wens of good feeling ag ion Americans are not in costly from Un & oertain special an Invitation 1 Ginner, tied with daintiest gilk sora on perfumed paper, was 8 tray of confections and sponge cake in 8 lacquered box of ex of threes rar i polite atten juently toe re their Japanese fans OOCRKEON, ao make and a case Y Painted Tans, each tied in silk aii napkins Un leaving the empire, a family with | whom delightful relations had boon estab lished, sent ne a parting £ift a beautiful gold one of the drawers of which was found a pumber of perfumed fans of elegant manufacture, which will be lifelong keepsakes in memory of the esthetic Japanese. Helen HH. 8 Thompwon in Good Housekeeping. Stalwart Soldiers, Toassin's § of TEETH {Ril ¥ i res i i Hi i J: 3 L] i } nS DETAILS OF THE PROCESS OF DE- paper | They are some. | depict life, customs, | nary | prior to the late | Hl EER SECRET OF MEMORY, No Royal Rond to Strength of Mental Powers—Exercise and Practice, | Buperstition knows no bounds, Ed | since men began to be civilized there Ld | been theorists who have made a lving--and some of thern a very handsome living professing to fmpart some wonderful secret which should inciefse the benuty or prolong | the youth or strengthen the memory of the | eredulons disciple, Al men and some | women like to be thought young and besuti- | ful; and the advantage of being able to way aL any moment when Queen Elizabeth died and who stabbed Egion, king of Moab, is obvious to ths mesest capacity. Teachers of memory will always fiud occupation, but those who think of employing them should think twice, There Were distinguished pro- fessors of the art in antiquity, Greeks for the most part, omniscient and shift Yi and ready, as Juvenal save, to undertake anything, from rope Gancing to scaling heaven, for a consideration, Metrodorus, it is said by Pliny, could repeat literally anything that be had once beard Like astrology and divination, muemonics has just that sufficient alr of relation to reality which is rare to | mislead the unthinking and the uncritical ; and With the revival of learning in the Four. teenth and Fifteenth centuries this fantastic science came again into notice. It bas never quite lapsed into obscurity since that time, It is to be hoped that not many readers can { recall, as part of their personal experience, the career of M. Gouraud, who crested an excitement in this country forty years ago with his system of “phreno-mnemotechny * the idea of which was an application of the Arabic numerals The syllables, se, te, ne, me, re, ie, she, ke, fo, Pe, represented the nine | figures and the « ipber, and Ly the combina | tion of these syllables the mind was to lay hold at once on any fact, or date, or passage, | and reproduce it without error Part of the charm in all these systems lies in the abracadabra, the unintelligibility of a formula which affects the mind of the neophyte with its cadence, Just as the oid woman found that it did ber good all over to bear that “sweet word Mesopotamian.” The a and the readiness to belisve in any- OmIees 10 Co away with the ob- of hard work wiil acoount for ow does it happen that no one of ¢ thousands who have wasted s 1bstance 1 time on thess bol wis has left a ' EXpenience! That experience w de § Hrength of other process than contis d effort. Those who of ms seem 10 | We Ww WOoRuse Ley then first seri the memory w WY give The law for this is the dame us the lew fo every mental ar physical as wold as for over: give 1 exerci and press, and it ix proves and EAlaers strong, meglect if, and the organ 7 lhe power dine, Frank Leslie's rE to do power, orga Marcyimg Whe Mouse Sers ant, Apropos of WACO, 8 Curious mawia iE 30 have been out amor g the srions wir fret families $0 marry the the beuse. There Rave been ball a « cases during the’ ees twelve months of model examples of dudedom mverting their daughiersin law Only a few weeks since Anoiber case of this kind was reported. In this instance the fortunate bride was the French aid of ene of the known women in society in New York, The son, be it said iS, aithough be is a de cidediy sa PY young fellow, professes sn honest affection for his wife, and bas posi. tively refused to allow his Wily to cast her off. Between the fear of public scandal and 4 servant mothers’ waiting maids into mothery' best Hig ON the acosptance of a daugh bumble station the fam the world for a year or rof ber inferior condition Yi When they may receive ber As a rule these marriages do pot end ao happily. The bride is generally bought off or forced isto accepting a separation and divorce. Indeod, there was quite a row early last winter, occasioned by the refusal of a well known and opulent family of Knickerbocker antecedents to pay a gervant girl, whom thelr son had married the amount promised her in consideration of her permitting him to be divorced. The oddest part about these curious matches is the ease with which they are kept quiet. If the daughter of the house runs away with the conchman, the papers will, to a moral cer tainty, be full of it; but I suppose a superior interest attaches to the eccentricities of the fair sex. It iswuch a common thing for | dude to make a fool of himself that when be | does it no one gives it any particular atten. i | tion. Cor, Pittsburg Bulletin, i —————— i A Bey with Two Hearts, | The patient was again anmsthetized An | incision was made in the peck over the tumor. ' The cartilaginous cyst was corr. slightly and resisted the knife strongly. ir : i : il ; 1 4 5 g } ? i if : ih H i & El hie the In examining the that the ad FF 3 fl i Sireril;
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers