LADIES' DEPARTMENT.
LADLR. lIIIIIIIK Sltlrir*)*.
The Introduction of this stylo of
riding on horseback is attributed to
Anna of Bohemia, consort of Kiohard
11. She it was, according to Stowe,
that originally showed the women of
England how gracefully and conveni
ently they might ride on horseback
sideways. Another historian, enumer
ating the new fashions of llichard ll's
reign, observes: "Likewise noble
ladies then used high heads, and cor
sets, and robes with long trains, and
scats on side-saddles on their horses,
by the example of tho rospectablo
Queen Anna, daughter of the king of
Bohemia, who first introduced tho
custom into the kingdom; for beforo
women of every class rode as men."
Stothard in his beautiful illustrative
picture of Chaucer's "Canterbury
Pilgrims," appears, according to the
above-quoted authorities, to have com*
mitted an anachronism in placing tho
most conspicuous female character of
his fino composition sideways on her
steed. That the lady ought to have
been depicted riding the nude fashion
might have been inferred, without
any historical research on the subject
from the poet's describing her as hav
ing on her feet "a pair of spurrcs
sharpe."— Youwj Ladies' Journal.
How Ihe A • > ■alitlnita Woo
In Abyssinia the young people begin
to think of marriage at a very early
age. When a lad wishes to marry, he
only inquires for a girl who possesses
or can muster twice his own number
of oxen, or their value. His proposals
are made to thegirl's father, and unless
there is some strong motive for reject
ing him, he is accepted, and everything
arranged without consulting the lady's
taste or asking her consent. They un
usually betrothed three or four months
before marriage, during which time
the bridegroom frequently visits his
father-in-law elect, and occasionally
propitiates him with gifts of honey,
butter, a sheep or goat; but he is never
allowed to see his intended wife even
for a moment, unless by urgent en
treaty, or a handsome bribe, he induces
some female friend of her to arrange
the matter by procuring him a glance
at his cruel fair one.
For this purjose he conceals him
self behind a door or other convenient
hiding-place, while the lady, on some
pretext or other, is led past it Should
she, however, susjiect a trick and dis
cover him, she would make a great
uproar, cover her face, and screaming,
run away and hide herself, as though
her sense of propriety were greatly
offended by the intrusion; although
previously to his making the offer, she
would have thought it no harm to
romp with him or any other male
acquaintance in the most free and
easy manner. For after she has l>een
betrothed, she is at home to every one
except to him who most sighs for the
light of her countenance. In Tigre,
especially in flhirie, a superstitious
belief is entertained that if a girl
leaves her father's house during the
Interval between her Ijetrothal and
marriage, she will be bitten by a snake.
t'fiftlilon Aofrt
Silver is the fashionable metal at
present.
All the fashionable jerseys are now
braided.
The "Langtry" is the name of th*.
newest shoe.
A new handle for a parasol shows a
dude's head.
I'ocket handkerchiefs are things of
art now adays.
Turtle-dove color is one of the new
jhades of gray.
The newest lace-pin represents a
bull-dog with eyes of diamonds.
Bison hair cloth is the fabric
destined to supersede camelVhair.
• Plaited camel's hair Iwinnets will be
worn with cloth and cheviot costumes.
Large balls and sjsits are the newest
designs for (iriental and Spanish laces.
Felt corduroy lion nets are a pretty
novelty for morning and for travelling
wear.
Velvet spots arc introduced Into
Spanish laces intended for dresses and
bonnets.
White silk gauze with large velvet
figures is the newest fabric for brides'
dresses.
Hound hats of felt have largo, high
square crowns and stiff brims faced
with velvet.
Long redlngotcs and cloaks of Mus
covite velvet are trimmed with dark
gray and black furs.
Plain pleated and gathered skirts
Will be more worn by fashionable
women than any other.
Dark blue wool dresses will be ela
borately trimmed with red braid, or
combined with red wool.
The new felt hats for fall wea are
to bo worn over the forehoad, and
have rolled brims on either side.
Tho Marie-Louise blue will ho one
of tho fashionable colors this fall. It
is a triile darker than sapphire blue.
Brides' dresses are trimmed with
silver cords, silver galloon, and an
embroidery of silver threads and
beads.
Gray cloth bonnets, trimmed witli
silver braid, gray velvet, and gray sea
swallows accompany dressy suits of
gray cloth.
Narrow ribbons are tied around tho
throat. Yellow should ho tho color,
and on each end and there should ho
many—must hang six tiny silver bells.
American Indians as Cannibals.
Mr. Charles Thwing, in the Aineri*
can Magazine of History, calls atten* i
tion to tho fact often alluded to by ;
I'arkman, .Shea and Bancroft, its well
by Charlevoix and the older chroni
clers, that the American Indians were
frequently guilty of cannibalism. lie
says:
Little attention has been given,
either by scientists or historians, to j
the evidence for the existence of canni
balism among tho native tribes of
North America. Vet the fact, not
only of its existence, hut of its recent
existence, rests up-m abundant histor
ic and arch;e<ilogii al proof. The Jesuit
fathers who explored Canada, tin- early
voyagers in the West Indies, tin- (irst
visitors of the Pacific const, as well as
the conquerors of Mexico, all unite in
giving the most explicit testimony to
the existence of aboriginal man-eating
tribes. Brebcuf, who came from
France as a missionary to this country
in the early part of the seventeenth
century, gives in his report for U>'9'>
an account of the fate of certain pris
oners taken by the llurons. After dc_
scribing the torture be goes on to say
that "if the victim had shown courage
the heart was first ma-ted, cut into
small pieces, and given to the young
men and boys to increase their courage.
The Isxly was then divided, thrown
into kettles and eaten by the assembly
the head Wing the portion of the
chief.. Many of the Hurons joim-d in
the feast with reluctance and horror
while others took pleasure in it." :
Father Hennepin, writing forty years
later, also speaks of the Hurons as
practicing cannibalism.
The most powerful and cruel of the
northern trilim was the Iroquois; and
all testimony sectns to prove that it
was most addicted t>> the habit of • ating
human llesh. The Jesuit missionaries
were in many cases eye-witnesses of
the orgies of this people. One of their j
feasts, celebrating a victory over the
Algonquin-, is thus describi-d by Vi
mont: "Some bring wood, others go
in search of water, and one puts tho
great kettles on tho fire. The butch
ery is near. They dismeinl-er those
they are going to kill, tearing them ift
pieces, throwing feet and legs, arms
and hands in the same j-ot, which they
boil with as much joy as the |>or cap.
tives have heart-ache in seeing their
companions served as a meal to those
wolves. In a word, they eat tho men
with as great an appetite and more joy
than hunters eat a l-oar or a deer.' J
From the evidence we possess, it ap
pears that no trilie delighted morn in
human fle*h as a staple article of food
than the Carits, inhabitants of one of
the West Indian islands. Peter Mar.
tyr, who visited the new world a few
years after its discovery by Columbus,
gives a full account of their practice.
Farms of Southern California.
The orange groves, orchards and
vineyards of southern California are
only made to yield bountifully by irri
gation. Although living streams are
few, the whole country seems to lie
well supplied with reservoirs of wa
ter a few feet below the surface of the
ground. The farms are to lie found
on tho lowlands, embracing from two
to ten acres each. Wells are dug,
windmills erected, and reservoirs for
retaining water are liuilt on the ele i
vated lands adjoining. Iron pipes are
laid from the reservoirs through the
orchards or gardens. The wind fur
nishes the motive |wiwer. and each day
some portion of the farm is Hooded
with water. If a tree, an embank
ment six or eigtit inches is thrown up
around it twenty feet in diameter, and
in this incionnre the water is turned.
Trees do not need, as a rule, but two
applications of water during the year.
Potatoes and garden vegetables are
watered by trenches or with tho hose.
Thus every farmer Is his own thunder
shower. Tho fruit is rich and juicy,
the grapes the finest in the world,
while the vegetables are as tender and
crisp as those grown In the best gar.
dens in the eastern states.
The treatment of leprosy is becoming
a hard problem in India In the Bom
bay Presidency 9,483 cases are under
treatment.
THE FAMILY DOCTOR,
Hot Milk n Stimulant.
Of hot milk as a stimulant the Medi*
oal Record Hays: ".Milk heated too
much above 100 degrees Fahrenheit
loses for a time a degree of its sweet
ness and density. No one who, fa
tigued by over-exertion of body and
mind, has ever experienced the reviv
ing influence of a tumbler of this bev
erage, heated as hot as it can be Hip
ped, will willingly forego a resort to It
because of its being rendered some
what le.sH acceptable to the palate
The promptness with which its cordial
influence is felt is indeed surprising,
some portion of it Bceins to be digested
and appropriated almost immediately,
nnd many who now fancy that they
need alcoholic stimulants when ex
hausted by fatigue, will find in this
ample draught an equivalent that will
lie abundantly satisfying and far more
enduring in its effects."
C'olil F§(
What a common complaint tills Is
says tlie Family l'hysician, and yet no
one seems to know anything about it.
You suffer from it for years, and you
don't go to a doctor, or if you do, yon
derive very little benefit from his ad
vice. Some people suffer from it at
night only, while others arc troubled
with it in the daytime as well. It oc
curs most frequently in women, but
still you often bear men complain of
it. Web( lti vc that the best remedy is
hyphosphite of lime in one or two
grain doses t wire a day. This is soluble
in water, and should be taken in tho
form of a mixture, nothing else being
put with it, witii the exception, if you
like, of a La-spoonful of syrup, to
make it more palatable, although it is
l-y no no means disagreeable by itself.
Another good remedy Is nux vomica—
five drops of the tincture in a little
water three or four times day. It is
highly recommended, and you may
hope for great tilings from It. Then
your general health. It is probable
that you are below par somehow or
other, although wo must admit that
it does not follow of necessity. If you
feel generally out of sorts, anil your
appetite is jioor, quinine w ill do you
good. If you are pale and amende,
I you must put your faith in Iron.
Cod-liver oil is an excellent remedy for
improving the general nutrition; many
people feci quite In a glow after eacii
i dose.
PEARLS OP THOUGHT.
Tlie right of commanding is the
fruit of lalxirs, tho price of courage.
Man cannot drcarn himself Into a
nol'l> character; he must achieve it by
diligent effort.
If wo find no fault ourselves, we
should not take pleasure in observing
th -so of others.
Those w ho have no patience of their
own forg't what demand they tuake
on that of others.
There is no evil we cannot eithei
face or fly from, but the consciousness
of duty disregarded.
More helpful than all wisdom is <>no
draught of simple human pity that
will not forsake us.
Let friendship crisp gently to a
bight; if it rush to it. it may uxm
run itself out of breath.
A firm faith is the l est divinity; a
g'xsl life the best philosophy; a clear
conscience the best law; honesty the
host policy, and temperance the lost
physic.
The law of the harvest is to read
more than you sow. Sow an act and
you reap a habit: sow a habit and you
reap a character; sow a character and
you reap a destiny.
The brave of Mary Washington.
A Fredericksburg, Va, letter to the
Richmond Itispatch says: Just alove
the plain in the suhurt>s of Fredericks
burg, is the grave of Mary Washington,
marked now by an unfinished marble
monument It is strange that the
tomb of the mother of the Father of
His Country should be allowed to stand
a monument to the lack of patriotism
of his countrymen. Worse still, it has
been shamefully defaced by the hands
of the vandal. Its aides have l*een
marred by bullets, and tlie pretty
smooth faceof the monument peppered
by the shot of thoughtless s|tortsmon.
No railing or enclosure of any sort
protects the last resting place of this
great and gmsl woman, and yesterday
the unthinking excursionist hid hinr
self under the shadow of the monu.
ment, ate his snack and desecrated the
sacml place hy leaving the rinds of
watermelons and the refuse of the re
past lying loosely around the tomh.
The monument was undertaken in
1830 by a patriotic gentleman of Fred
ericksburg, who had completed It with
the exception of the large pyramidal
shaft, which to-day lies half imbedded
in the ground a few yards from ths
grave
NOT A PLEASANT PICTURE.
How (lir liilim !|fMnf■ 0 f /irkAiiana H'ooili
Mti.
It in the natives themselves that
more especially attract tho stranger's
attention. There's the hc;el of the
family, prodigiously tall ami ungainly
—quite Interesting object# they are,
too, with their thousund-and-one men
tal and physical peculiarities. The
children also, always a dozen or fifteen
of them, ragged, sorrowful-looking ur
chins, of all sizes and shapes. And
the dogs bless me, I came near for
getting to mention the dogs great
they are in numbers, and so thin and
bony that it Is little wonder the great
er portion of their existence is spent In
lying before the old fireplace, never
changing their position save when
compelled to do so. A striking sense
of willingness seems to overshadow
the whole group, as they squat about
the dingy room in all imaginable atti
tudes, each wrapped up in the narrow
confines of his own little sell and the
quiil of dog-leaf tobacco. Tobacco is
their only solace a homo-made article
it is, too, meanest and vilest to be
found anywhere in the land. Men
chew it. the women chew it, the chil
dren chew it, and even the dogs chew
it. Its chew, chew, chew, spit, spit
spit, squirt, squirt, from morning till
night arid from night till morning, and
if you are not cautious enough to get
off at a safe distance you will be com
pelled to dodge innumerable missiles of
amber colored juice that are shot about
in every conceivable direction irroipeet-
Ive of js-rsons or things. Simetimes
their jaws become weary after a long
term of service in tin- art of mastica
tion: chew ing requires too much exer
cise for their indolent natures to with
stand. Something must )• done to ro
licve these overworked members of the
human organism, and the characteris
tic pipe is at once brought forth from
it* hiding place in the chimney. And
such pi|x-s great, black, filthy thing i
strong enough to wreck the constitu
tion of a i Ward politician. A
man who can stand 1-efore one of
those pijve.s when it is in full blast can
stand anything. He would need no
life insurance.
The diet of these people is a remark
able thing in its way, not only In qual.
itjr, hut also in quantity. (rn bread
and bacon con-titute the bill of fare,
and in the meagre compass of its life
sustaining qualities it combines all—
and the only delicacies of the season,
never out of season. It's corn bread
and bacon for breakfast, corn bread
and bacon for dinner, corn bread and
bacon for supper; that is all the year
round. To moralize upon the Ingredi
ents of that corn bread would Isj as
hazardous as to attempt to solve tho
mysteries that duster around that
world-famous dish. l*>arding-h'iuse
hash. 1 know it is a horrible mixture
of corn tne.d and water, but 1 ain ut
terly innocent of anything else it may
contain utterly devoid of -alt, salera
tus or soda. This is poured into a
small, rusty, Ir n j•-t. half buried in
the ashes, where it bakes and dries
until it be omen hard enough to knock
a hole thr- ugh a brick wall, provided
the aforisanl wall isn't in re than ten
feet thick. When the baking process
is going on the family squat alout the
fireplace in languid listb ssness anil fire
random shot# of tobacco juice at tho
fire.
The bacon. t<>. is an article worthy
of comment, Inasmuch as it imparts a
sort of flavor to the corn bread, and
thereby renders it the more palatable.
You first discover it in huge slal>s of
fat, with little or no lean in its comjo
sition, almost encrnsted in the acrutn
uluted filth of weeks and months, one
glam e at it would make a health offi
cer sb k; hut to eat it! oh, horrors!
The corn bread. Wing baked to the
proper extent, is placed on a stump
outside the door to eOol, while the dogs
form a circle almut it, lick their chops
in silent hunger, and bestow wistful
glances upon tlie, to them, delirious
morsel. Slices of bacon arc then plac
ed in the great iron jot. where they
sizzle and sputter until finally resolved
into a number of little dried-tip chips
floating al>out ujxin a miniature sea of
slimy grease. This horrible mass
grease and all—in conjunction with
the corn bread, la eagerly devoured by
these rapacious natives, and on this
meagre diet, strange to say, but never
theless true, they manage somehow to
keep the sands of life in motion. Truly,
one half the world knows not how
the other half lives.
A Non-t'ondnetor.
The craze on electrical study is lay
ginning to lear fruit:
"Are you the conductor?" asked a
lad on an excursion train.
"I am," replied the courteous official,
"and my naine is Wood,"
"Oh, that can't lie," said tho boy,
"for wood is a non-conductor."
Customs Concerning Bells.
The ceremony of baptizing and
christening bells was a natural result
of attributing to tliern consciousness
like that of a living being. Among
the first instance* of this ceremony oc
curred in %8, when i'ojie John XIIL
christened a new bell in the Later an
by the name of John. Other bells
were named Tom, and Harry, and Bt,
Michael, St John, or the like. At the
hallowing of a lx:ll persons stood as
sponsors, just as at the christening of
a child, and they were expected to bear
all the expense of tlie service. The
custom of blessing bells, somewhat
ehanged from the ancient ceremony
and without the ancient meaning at
tached to it in tiie minds of the people,
is still retained.
Instruments having some of the
characteristics o| small hells were maxi
in the services >TT other religions
besides Christianity. The Jewish
high priest w-ire them on the bottom
of his robe. The .-istrum of Isis wan
rattled ami rang like a bell. The Indi
an iiraliniins use bells, and a tinkling
instrument was in use with the priests
of IToserpina at Athens.
If any one thinks that door-bells, at
least, are a modern invention, be la
mistaken. The contrivance which the
street gamin makes use of to coll
whole families needlessly to the front
door may be new. It is noisy enough
to speak in its own defense, but tlie
idea of having an attachment to the
door, win li rang when any person
entered, was common with the
(tomans, who had what they called a
"little ting a-ling" (tintinriabulum j.
They attached it to doors in tho
fashion use i now bv small store-koej>-
ers. so that when the door opened the
instrument was sure to bo rung.
Tlie same kind of an instrument was
used to indicate the hours for busi
nesjf arid for the bath. Hut instead
of always saying "ring tlie Isdl,"
they often used a phrase which
might l>e freely translated into
"jingle the brass."
The common slang of late to de
scribe a person that surpasses others
Is to say that "he takes the cake,"
or "gets away with the bakery."
Hut the phrase usel to lie "he
bears away the bell," alluding either
to the fact that there is usually a
1 -ell-wether in a flock of sheep; or to
the other fart that little bells of pre
cious metal were used as prizes at
horse races. The custom of putting
up tx-llx in this way led a satirist to
remark that it did not matter who
carried off the ls-lls. the women would
always carry the dapper.
Dew of Hermon.
I'alestine is a land of mountains
Eminently conspicuous among those
rise tho three peaks of Hermon on the
north-iast border, their snowy crowns
glittering in the sun. leing visible from
almost any point in the promised land,
the trusted land-mark of travellers in
all the region ls-two-n the Jordan and
the sea These arc the Hi rmons (not
"Heniionites.") of which David, in tlie
sweet forty-second l'saltn, sings; "O
my (tod, my soul is • ;ist down within
me! Therefore will 1 remember thee
from the land of Jordan and of the
Hermons."
I'alestine is also a land of dews. It
is very dependent on them. Destitute
of rains for many months at a time, it
relies for securing crops on the heavy
fall of dew which is nightly secured by
its multitude of mountains. Hermon
is no more conspicuous in the sight
than in the peculiar abundance of its
dews. They become rain for the
thirsty land. "The dew on this moun
tain Is proverbially excellent and abun
dant" "More copious dews," says
Tristram, "we never experienced than
on Hermon. Everything was drenched
with it, and tlie tents were small pro.
tection. The under sides of our mack
intosh sheets w ere drenched in water
our guns were rusted, dew-drops were
hanging everywhere." Mr. Porter
states: "< >ne of its hills is appropriate
ly called 'Father of the l>ew,' for the
clouds seem to cling with peculiar fond
ness round Its wooded top."
nothing Made of Glass.
At Gaudenfrel, Germany, the artist
and glass-spinner, A. ITcngal, of Vien
na, has established his glass business
offering carpets cuffs, collars, veils,
etc., made of glass He not only spins
but also weaves glass lxfore the eyes
of the people. The otherwise brittle
glass he changes into pliable threads,
and usee them for making good, warm
clothing, by introducing certain ingre
dients. which are his secrets, and there
by changing the entire nature of the
glass. He makes white, curly, glass
muffs; also, ladies' hats of glass, with
glass feathers, which are lighter than
real feathers. Wool made of glass, it
is said, cannot be distinguished from
the genuine article. Glass is a non-con
ductor, and the time may not be dis
tant when It will cause a revolution in
dress materials.
SCIENTIFIC HCRAPH.
Mosquitoes are iwuiwl by Professor
A. F. A. King of originating and dhl
scrninating malarial disease.
Jly a comparison of analyses of bc4li
from different vineyards, the last re
port of the Scottish Horticultural aaso
elation shows that the soils on which
the grape-crops fail are deficient Is
lime and potash.
Professor Delgado of Lisbon has
eoine to the conclusion that the
tors of the modern Portuguese were
canibaJs. He has found the remains
of 140 perrons whose bones were
blackened by fire split lengthwise to
secure the marrow and hearing othesr
indubitable marks of having served as
food for man.
The deepest sounding ever rnadewafi
in the Pacific ocean in 1471, near the
entrance to llehring's s<*a The depth
was 4055 fatiiorns, and the cast was
made from the United .States ship
T use aro r a The shallowest water in
the middle of the Atlantic, 731 fath
oms, shower] the existence of subma
rine mountains 10,550 feet high
Herr Wider, experimenting at Tub
ingen, has discovered that the grow th
of plants is more rapid under dimin
ished atmospheric pressure—all other
external conditions being the same—
than at normal pressure. On the
other hand, increasing the pressure
lessens the rate of growth, the mini,
mum being reached at two or two and
one-half atmospheres.
Deaf-mutes have l>een taught to
speak and to understand speech by
noticing the movements of the lips.
It is stated that M. Wanerke has pro
duced photographs shew ing the form
assumed by the lips for each sound,
and tliat th<-s<* pictures have enabled
Inexperienced persons to recognize the
different articulations. Such photo
graphs ought to l* of great value in
giving instruction to deaf-mutes.
Dr. Bremer In a German journal
advocates exercise in the Ligh, fine air
of the mountains as the best protection
against the di.s. ases oontract'sl in city
life. The characteristics of the moun
tain climate are the low temperature
an i air pressure, the low relative hu
midity, the high i-er cent, of ozone,
the strong light and isolation, the
freedom from dust and bacteria. .VII
these act well on the bodily health.
The lungs work with greater strength,
the heart l<eats faster, the blood circu
lates more quickly, appetite is increas
ed, perspiration becomes freer, the
muscles liecome more energetic, and
the w hole body gains in strength and
endurance.
A Fruitless Search.
One day there visited Buddha a wo
man who had lost her only child.
Wild with grief she begged the proph
et to give back the little one to lifa
He looked at her tenderly for a long
while, and then said. "Go, my daugh
ter. bring me a mustard seed from a
house in which death had never enter
ed, and I will grant thy wish." The
woman at ono- began her search. She
went from house to house, saying,
"Grant me. kind people, a mustard
seed for the prophet to bring back my
child to me." And when they had
grantcsl her request she asked, "Art
yoii all here around the hearth—father
mother, children none missing f
But the people shook their heads with
sighs and looks of sadness; and far and
wide ,as she wandered there always
was a vacant chair hy the hearth. Then
gradually, as she passed on, the wares
of her grief subsided before the sight
of sorrow everywhere; and her heart,
ceasing to le occupied with its own
selfish grief, flowed out in strong
yearnings of sympathy with the world
wide suffering. Tears of anguish were
changed to tears of pity, passion melt
ed into compassion; she forgot her own
sorrow in looking upon that of other*
and in losing herself for others' good
she really found herself.
The Influence of Forests.
The influence of forests upon cli
mate and fertility is as yet but poorly
understood by even the more profes
sional class of farmers. It is a prob
lem that can be salved only by obser
vations extending over considerable
periods of time. But the influence is
plainly oltservable and its explanation
simple. Strip the hills of their pro
tecting forests, and the thin covering
of sod which overlays their rocky slopea
will soon be washed down Into the
valleys and into the l>eda of streams
and rivers. Periodical freshets will
result which will eventually carry
away the l>est soil from even the val
leys. One authority declares that if
the destruction of the hill forests be
continued in Ohio, half the area of
that state will be sterile in Ims than
fifty yearn
Connecticut devotes 90,000 acres tq
the cultivation of the oyster.