II lltton, Mr Fa riant' r Co., Hardware th aler.
3=3:.A.:R,:D"W" .A-IR/IEI
WILSON, MOFARLAN]'] & CO.
DKALKRB IN
STOVES, RANGES? HEATERS.
ALSO
• Paints, Oils, Glass and Varnishes,
AND
BTTHLIDIEIR-S' HARDWARE.
ALLBQIIKNV BTRBKT, .... HUMKB' BLOCK, .... HKI.I.KFnNTF., PA.
TRAVELER'S GUIDE._
BKLLEFONTK & SNOW SHOE
K. R.—Time-Tallin In pffci l on and after March
1.1991
Leaves Bmw Shoe 6.J'> A. v.,arrive* In Bellsfontr
7.24 A. %f
I. e#v ll' 11 f'*u t 9.12 A. arrive* at Snow Shoe
!US A V
Lea*** Snow Shoe 2. !" r M.,arrive* In Bollsfont*
4.20 r. *.
I*avea Belle font* 446 r arrive* at Snow Shoe J
7.26 p. M. S. S. BLAIR, OenT Superintendent.
HALO EAGLE VALLEY KAIL
ROAD.—Tinit-TbU, April 1--':
Kxp. Mail, VMTVAID. UITWUI., Exp. Mall.
A. U . I' M. r W Aw
A 1 7 (rj Arrive at Tyrone L*av* 7 32 H i*
m J fl 66 Leave K**t Tyrone Leave... 7 v m 66
760 C6l 44 Vail 44 ... 742 #
766 f. 47 V Bald Eagle 44 ... 747 902
74H t, 36 44 Fowler 44 ... 762 9 l
742 fl 31 41 Hannah " ... 766 913
7 :t6 fi 26 44 Fort Matilda ,4 ... HOO 9ID
727 17 " Martha H 107
71* 6OS •• Julian 44 ... H 1" 9 12
7 • I*7 M Dbimviiii •* M. • m • •
7ui 64* •• Snow Shoe In 44 ... *32 946
666 6 4-' 44 Mihwhtirg 44 ... * U 9
646 636 44 Relief, inta 44 ...Mi 9*7
R M 626 ...... '• MileeLurg " • 64 10 '-** I
626 516 •• I'urtln 41 ... 9 Ofl |0 19
6IS 6 li " Mount Eagle 44 ... 91210 26
6 9 601 •• 11. war I 44 ... •BO 10 7
666 450 .... " KAglevill* 14 ... 9 .'IS 10 49
660 446 44 Beech Crtrk 44 ... 940 1 64
634 433 14 Mill llall 44 ... 964 1 1 16
629 4 :*) 44 Flemimrton 44 ... 967 II 2.
626 426 44 Lock Haven 44 ...10 tl 11 25
PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD.
1 —(Philadelphia and Brh Dlfldot.) 1 Qa and
after December 12, 1*77 :
W EST WARD.
ERIK MAIL leave# Philadelphia It M p n
44 llarriahurg...... 4 2-' an.
44 44 WOlhUMport 086a ni
44 44 Lock llaven 9 4< a r.
44 R*n"Vn... ]0 ni
44 arrive# at Krie 7
NIAGARA EXPRESS latent Philadelphia 720 a a
** llarriahurg.... In Ri| n> I
4 ' M'il||*niport. 2 2* ptn j
arrive* at Itenoro 4 4< p n. '
Paaeenger* by thl* train arr.ve in lLile
fonte at 4 36 pm
FAST LINK leave* Philadelphia 11 4 an.
44 44 Harri*hurg 336 p m
44 Williamaport 73 j. ni
44 arrive* at Lock Haven Hdop tn
EASTWARD.
PACIFD EXPRESS have. Lock Haven 6 4" a m
44 Willl*mjMrt... 7 .V. # a m
44 arrive# at Biflkhmi 11 M ■* n
44 44 Philadelphia.... 346 p m
DAY EXPRESS leave* R*nov ]o 1 ■ n,
" " Uck ll*ven. 11 20 a m
44 Williatnaport 12 4" a rr
44 arrive* at 11#rri*hnrg............ 4 1 p m
44 Philadelphia 7 2> pn
ERIK MAIL leave* Re novo A ,V p m
44 I/h k Haven 9 4"> p m
44 WiliiamaporL 11 06 p m
44 ai rive* at llarrl*burg 2 45 am
44 44 Philadelphia 700 a m
FAST LINE lea Tea W Iltiam#p*>rt 12 35 a rr
44 arrive* at HarrUhurg 3 Man
44 Philadelphia 706 ft tn
Erie Mail M eat. Niagara F.vpreaa ViV#t, |,nrk Haven
AcconinoeUto n Weat and Iay Kxpreaa Ka#. make
clo*e connection* at Northumberland with L. A B. R
R. train* for Wtlke*t>arre and Reran ton.
Erie Mail Niagara Rxprea* Wwt, and Erie
Ex pre** Wet. and I/ck llaven Aervimtnodation Meat
make close connection at WilliampMrt with S. C. R
W. frain* north
Erf* Mall Meat, Niagara Kvpre** We*t. and Day 1
Expre** Eaet. make rh*. connection at Haven
With II R. V R K train*
Erie Mail Ka*t and W**t connect at Erie with train* I
on L S. IM.SH R. at Corry with O C AAV R !
R . at Emp<rinm with B. N. Y A P. H. R., an Mat
Driftwood with A. V R R
Parlor car* will run between Philadelphia and
Wflliajnaport on Niagara F.vpre** W.*t Krl" Ex pre**
W *#t, Philadelphia Ex pre** Eaet and Day Kvpre**
E**t. and Sunday Exj r* Kant Sl*epinc carton all
night train*. Ww. A Bylowiiv,
Oen'l Sftperlfttendaftt.
171. IRARD HOUSE,
VJ CORNKK CIIKriTM T AND NINTH STREETS,
mmnrirHu
Thl* hawae. in a e||y famed fbr It* mm
fortatde hotel*, i* kept in every re|e<t tn any
flrtt-cla** hotel* in the country. Owing to the atrin
geviry of the time*, the price of Utard h* l-e*r> re.|uc*d
tw THaiß hOLLAM per lay. J V| KIM I'. IN.
l*6f' Manager.
/ ML.MORE A CO.,
VI LAW ASD COLLECTION IIOIKR.
629 F STR*T, WA.HI.NOTOS, I>. C.
Mak* Collection*. Negotiate U*m* ami attend to all
btwrin*** confided to th.m LAND SCRIP, Soldier's
Additional IL>raeetend Right* and LAND WARRANTS
bought and sold. 4* tf |
I BO
pi A TRUE TONIC
A PERFECT 3TRENGTHENER.A SURE REVIVER.
IRON IH'ITKRS hit liifrhly recommended for all diaY<c re
quiring a certain ami efficient ton IP ; eapecially Jnihgrntirm, ltynjwjmin, Intrr
millrnl Lrvrrf, Hon/ of A pprlilr, LAM* of Strength, Irish nf L'.nrrgy, fir. F.nrirh'*
the blood, Mrvngthcnx the mnacica, and given new life to the nerve*. They act
likp a charm on the digeative organs, removing ail dyapeptir symptom*, atich
aa Tilling Ikr fW, HrlrJi tng, LLML in th*. Stnmarh, Lfrarlhurn, rlr. Tim only
Iron Preparation tliat will not liliteken the tooth or give
headache. Hold hy all druggist*. Write for Ue AIJ C Hook, 32 pp. of
useful and amusing reading—am t Jrtt.
BROWN CHEMICAL CO., Ilaltlmorp, Mil.
BITTERS
IIALBKRT E. PA I NR.
I*i Commialonn of Patent*.
BENJ. r. GRAFTON. STORT B I,ADD
PAINE, GRAFTON A LADD,
AVomq/t at Law and Snlicitort of Amtrxcan
and Foreign Patent *,
412 FIFTH STREET, WAMIINOTON, I). C.
Prartte* patent law In all lla hranahea In lb# Patent
Olm e, anil the Bnpreme and Omni Court* of tb#
Untied Htniea. Pamphlet aand fraa. 4*tf
y. u a r* a
*net tv t he airalti i f i* r inTb
Miiiiuleut-* an d u*S torw brain nervenm4
Mop Bittern. Bwaeie U.E MOP B.
If you are young and I aufTcring fr*n anv In-
eingie. old r I young. *uif ring fmio
tKMirIM-altU or langxiati ■trig <>n a UU uf MCK
nee*, ply on Hopl Bittern.
Whoever yon are, agW Tliouaantfadie an
wheu-Tor you feei |W fl Btuliy fro m sotun
that your *y*trin iflu] forvti of Kld nop
n*eda clran*lnir. t<n- tint im, .|
~r -l in • :.g. [H I h> 1
without intaxlcdAtng, ]■, 1 by a timely u • of
take Mop Mopßittem
8 it torn* ■■■■■
v> ". y ' —o. i* c,
or Hrtmiryrom i
fW .r k cilveaw ■ !•" • alea.l.ltn
of lhe%N ir/j, ■ ' ||o bier tYrV t*r
iMIIIIEB r
ri: 1 NEVER
p A M !:;r7 w
life. I hn | |/ \IL II •'
anved hun-lJ I hmMit,%. 1.
Battle Crook, N?lchip:an,
MAjfcrAurciuciui <-r tuc obi.T .
Traction and Plain Engines
and Horse-Powers.
i Catnbllahad
In the World. ( IR-1 rt
A A VTA DC f co*#fawm* and f%rr,s rfy!
< m I LRnO ', with- it chaoifr <•? ram*,
w mm niariagtrrnt. or loratuvn. n " t**rk p " rA*
■ brtnMl warranty pirew <m all o%r y—ml*
12 j
STFAM-POWEII SEPARATORM and
4'ottiplrir tlutflta f - > ,
Trnctlon I mkim * and I'lnirt Kitglor*
evi r arm in Uh- Ain' ru an market
A mvlrlfid* of eporial i-d "■; e.w*<ae*f#
for iwl. tf ao *h'T with f-+ri<pr -jnahlt** tn Mm*rw.
.• and ,natertaU tl'A dnttliol of to . tf r ntakem.
1 ur atar* "f Hejwraf n* - 12 bora**
capacity, foe Urn** dr Sec## e-ww
T*■> tic* f •' Mounted •' li me P wefa
7.500.000 f/n .TLrirrtr!. H-T.TTT,
con*tant?y on hand. fn*tn which t* tiilt the ii>-
cmui-arable w...J ark of our vnachiiarrv
TRACTION ENGINES Zh
ar 4mraA/e and j! rtw
h. 10. 13 li.rK Powrr- | S.
Fnrmrr. mil TkN*(nM M MM II
tn'—' •>'<• thl- MidaiMT.
Cln ..tr- p dI fiw A ' lr~
NICHOLS. SHEPARD A CO.
Brittle Cr.ttlt, MlotttW |r *
MOVKY To Loan ai < pir C't.
* BT Tin MI TIM i.in iN-1 B.
ANC* <*o fF NEW VoRK. n flr*t m rtc*c. n
ir |<ai>i-i farm pS-i-erty. in *'in* r-t l*a than IL'tt),
at1 nt nrpalini one-third of the preeent vaJtie <f
tb" pnjierty. Any p*rL n ft the | rir- |-*al can !■*
fai4 off at any time, and it ha# the natom of tb*
oinpany to permit the j ri* if*l remain a* long a*
the Utrrower wishea. if th* Inter**! t* promptly jaud
A l't'l J "
I IURLLI p RIIKRMA!*, Alton>-y l l.w.
t>Sl I'flßtl ittwl, lt-.AIn, P. .
or In DATID 7, BLINK,Co • A|>t>r.l-r.
'i-ll Molltfonl*. P.
ST. XAVIER'S ACADEMY,
NKAII LATKOHK, FA.,
NEARLY half a Ontury old, from
hkh Iha moat prominent and rultlrate.l woman
In Pennaylranla hat# graduated, uffara m.at thorough
adnratlanal alda and hlthaat atandard nt rwfleln* In
flnenrea Pnt.Ha admitted at any lima. Yearly a>-
penae al*.nl SVB.
Addreaa, AI FT ERA OP MR ROT,
10 Realty*a P. 0 . Weetmnreland r.ointjr, Pa.
HOTEL,
M Oppoaltaftm,, ■,naa. RKU.RPONTB. PA.
TER* t.J PER DAT.
A good Urerj attocbad. J.J
' A. ' -JZ£
I'rofcaniimnl far tin.
WILI.MN WALLA.'t, |„ K
If Aft ft Y r. WIUHI, FT I 1.1.1 A M K, ftALLACK.
\V ALLACK A K ItKBS,
* LAW AMMOLLIMTION <IFFI('K
j January I, IH*| CI.KAUFI KLll PA.
ATTORNEY AT LAW.
•■■ l< I. .-fi-.-it- Hi.. Cutirl 11. u,.. ||„. (),„„• „f
A i). rHTM'* ' iill.liiir ILfttf
II A. McKEti,
* ' • ATTORNEY AT LAW.
42 If Offt< < Q|t|xw||( (!uit Holm,*. Pft.
EMUNK FIELDING,
IAW AND COLLMTION OFFICE,
l- 'T i I.KAHHKI.iI, I'A.
\\[ A. MOUUIKOX,
* * • AT TO UN KV AT I.AW,
IHI.LF.KONTK, PA.
i I" W HIIM'Ii , ir|1111" IlifColll | llmiir
CJ ii an | uiio ti In Kiiftliah or Orrnino 2\y
C. T. 4LKX tMiftß. (> t n nowftft.
A LEXANDEIt A BOWEIt,
) * ATTORNEYS AT LAW,
IL llc-r.-rii.-, I'a , may l-> In Kngliab ur liar
man. OHI< aln liarmaii • Building. |-ly
iahu A. ktargm. j WMLIT UIPHAIT.
VJKAYKII A UEPHART,
■ * ATTORNEYS AT I.AW,
, Offlr* on Allegheny street, north of High. Roll*-
i fonift, !'• 1-ly
nl". EORTNEY,
• ATTORN FY AT LAW,
IIKI.I.KKONTR, I'A
f Uil 4'wf In lh left In the Court Ii nf 2*ljr
JOHN BLAIR LINN,
\*' ATTORNEY AT LAW,
IIKI.I.KFONTE. PA.
Ofßi w Allegheny Hlrrwt, iir-r I*.•• t tiflW • 21-ly
I L. SPANGLKU,
* ' • ATTORN EY-AT-LAW
IIEI.I.KFONTK I I \TKK I'IU'NTV, PA.
Rpr. til allallll.in l CVllr, Ikina. I ra. li'.a 111 all tin.
j CourU; CotiiulUlli'tii In Herman ->r K KIUII. l-ljr
D& KELLER.
• ATTORNEY AT LAW,
I Office n Allegheny MtMl Houth ftl<l* of Ly<>tl'
Irturf, BpllffoniA, Pi. |.|^
T U HtftRAT. • Tftl'l OvfttKift.
\l URRAY A GORDON,
it I ATTORNEYS AT LAW,
CLEARFIELD PA.
ill attend the Bellefohtft Cotirta ftliro ft|e ally
J •mfilojswl. J.|jr
r r C. IIU'PLK.
■ • ATTORN KV-ATI. AW,
LOCK IIAI EN. PA
j All tmalnaaa
\\ .M. I. MITCHELL,
I * * PRACTICAL HI RVKYOR,
HAVEN, PA ,
' Will attend to all ft'-rk In (Te*rft*l4, (Vtiira and
C'lu lotj counties.
(Hflr* \A- k ltft*>n Nillontl Hank 2<My
\\' C. HEINLE,
* ' • ATTORNEY AT LAW.
HI I.LKF'iNTK, PA
Olßrw In CifirJ II'IUM, Allegheny ilfM.
j attenti'.n gsteti I • th* rollKiluit of dilmt
| All I'ltiiDAM attended t< pr.'tnj tli 211/
\\' ILLIAM MKTLLOt'GH,
V * ATTORNI \ AT LAW,
CLEARFIELD, PA.
All batlnaa j.y.m| >ly 10-nd.-l t |.|y
\\' I - desire to mil iIIP attention of
MM '• 1 lb* (a. I 11 at • km a full and
fotnjlete f
Agricultural Implements
op r.tp.Rv DftM-Rimo*,
| fr.m Iewt rn aI r• fhir pree* are mo4rlr, iw| th-
J qtailltf f '-ur iMpUmwntw %t+ /| to nn# In th 1
! to*rkt lirm*n I <N.numwn will do ftfll to 'ill j
! " •* IM btfofp I'tirrluMlnff !*•• hrf.
Am- • ''iir fttrwk <f Ifftf Utti*itl* will.# fmi I PAX
To\ (poRTAbI.P. ICIIOINKH, MII.BtRN WAHO.NR.
Adriance Reapers & Mowers,
ORAIN HHILIJI. HAY RAKEA, CORN PI.ANTRRf*
IIROAII CART ORAIN I'KII.M THRF.HIIINO MA"
CHIN EH. R IARO CIIII.LEII PIAIRH Ar I
Wa alan (Ira >pn ial altantion l>, RKI'AIR INO, and
w..i11.l raaf.a. (fully anlMl lha ||raM(r of Ihoa* da.
alrlnc any Ihln* in lha Una of Implamanu and Ma
'hinary of ayary daaarinllon
OORLHtN A LANDIB,
1" If RELI.EFONTK, PA.
HJa BAKER A BRO.,
• ai>nnt iii o
COMI'LETK .MANURES,
rnii
POTATOES, CABBAOK, CORN, OATS,
WHEAT, KKUIT THKEB,
AND KVRRY FARM CROP
Ttiaaa Mannraa ara praparad aaparlally for avk
aaparala rmp. n.ntalnlnE in a ronranlrntad h.rm jnal
lha plant f.d. In lha a*a.l propnrthma, mgnind t
pmdnoaa !ar(n flaM.
Tliay ara CHEAPER THAN AT A RLE MANIRKS,
r-.atn.ir.* mnrh Iwllar and nana r.rUln raaolta
aara <>f Aald trial h*a pruml ihia h. ha lha oorrart
ayalam of frrtlllMlh>.
Ala., mnnutn inran, lm|airtara and daalaii la
Prime AurietiHiiriil ( hemicals
RTKHTt.Y
PURE GROUND BONE,
RIT.PIIATK OF AMMONIA,
NITRATE OF WMIA,
Ml lit ATE OF POTAPH,
FCI.PII ATE OF POTAfHI,
ACIII PHoaplUTE*.
LAND PLANTER,
NOTARM HALTR.Ar
QUALITY OLARANTEEI).
fTrraUra gltlng Dill partfrnlaraand . ..nUinlag hrli
Inlaranilng t lanoara, mall ad on appllmUoa.
IM OlTloa SIR Poori St., Now York.
CANCER REMOVED,
WITHOUT KNIFE,and in met
▼ ™ caaaa •Ithvnl pala. Apply la
-• c Cr r, '
tHit Crntrt rraocr.it.
B K LLEKONTK, 1' A.
-A- o- :n i c -cr x-rexj x?, -a- z-.
NKWR, FACTH AND HUOUKNTIONS.
TDK TMT UR TNI NATIONAL WILMS! IA TNI INTILLI-
AND rsuircsiTT or TNI MIATR.
h'.rery farmer in hu annual experience
ilueovere numelhiny / value. Write it and
"end it to the. "Agricultural Editor of the
DEMOCRAT, Hellefonte, J'enn'u," that other
farmer may hare the benefit of it. l,et
communication* be timely, and be eure that
they are brief and well pointed.
Titft Imrvoat m<->w aUn-U o'er the let,
ller soMeti rliii'i n<)il|i;
Hie lijclita the ahftfit mi m*tiy • lift,
The Milla on ninny m
A N experienced potato grower tells
the American Cultivator that he suc
ceeds in growing tine large potatoes
by thinning the stalks to two in n
hill. Try it on a part of the crop.
Now is a good time to do it.
To keep insects in check there
must be no procrastination in the pro
gramme. Act promply, ns soon as
the eggs, chrysalis or vermin in any
state are seen. Destroy the first lot,
and it is rare there is much trouble
| afterward.
TRY sifting flr.o middlings on the
( cabbage when the leaves are damp as
j a remedy for the disgusting cabbage
worm. The middlings adhere to the
leaves and the worms eating are said
to l>e destroyed by indigestion. Its
cheap enough and but little trouble.
Try it and report the result to the
DEMOCRAT.
EVERY practical farmer knows that
frequent cultivating and loosening of
the soil wonderfully helps the grow th
of all hoed crops, even though they
may lie quite clear of weeds, but it
l is by no means every farmer that
i knows why this is so. Those who
j care to learn will find the reasons
i very simply told nod happily illus
trated in an article in another col
} umn, from the |*n of Henry Stewart,
j who is endeavoring to teach the boys
and girls how to farm through the
liural Scm Yorker.
DR. HARLAN once said, "that to
retain the richness of soil it must be
kept covered, though it is a bard
matter to understand wby !" A very
good aijd inexpensive way to accom
plish this at one point in our rotation
of crops is to sow rye in the corn at
i the time of the last working. One
bushel per acre will Ik? plenty,
|K-rhaps lesst will answer. It will
make excellent pasture for late fall
and early spring, and then furnish a
fair crop of "green manure" to turn
! down when fallowing for wheat.
A TIMELY paragraph from the
American Agriculturist upon the des- j
traction of the Canada thistle, will
lie found in another column of this
page. Wc lately noticed the track
men on the line o( the Bald Eagle
: Valley railroad engaged in cutting
spots of this terrible weed which had
! obtained a foothold near the track.
I'pon inquiry wc learned that it was
i leing done by order of the olflccrs
lof the road. The officers deserve
j the thanks of all farmers whose
I lands adjoin the railroad for this
carc.
IT is never too early to give some
thought to the preparation of the
ground for the reception of the seed of
the fall crops. Possibly the discour
aging failure or partial failure over
which mime of us may sigh during
the harvest now in progress will im
press upon our minds the importance
of more thoroughness in this direc
tion. The large average yield of the ,
wheat crop of England is due in a
great measure to the great care taken 1
to prepare the ground for the licst
growth of the wheat plant, before the
grain is sown. The fields thst are
imperfectly plowed and indiflerenlly
harrowed arc far too common with
us, and until the soil is made deep
and mellow by thorough tillage, all
the manure and artificial fertilizers
we may apply will not bring the
yield of our fall aown crops to the
most profitable point. A little extra
work in preparation will many times
bring a large margin of profit when
it comes to gather the harvest. To
a certain extent tillage may be a sub
stitute for manure, but that man is !
not wise who endeavors to substitute |
manure for tillage.
Account NO to The St. I Ami* Globe-
Democrat the pedigree of the tree
peddler rune straight back to Anna
nias. •
Adrioe to Hired Men.
1
Here in a bit of admirable ADVICE
TO 111HEO MEN from The WeMern Mu
ral. It Is the "best policy," from a
mere worldly point of view, to sny
nothing of higher motives to act on
Epbesiann, vi., 7, H. We know of
one farm hand who gels and doubt
less earns $lO a month more than the
average wages because be lives up to
this high principle:
"No man who is selfish or lazy
enough to do as little as lie can, and
to do w hat he does as poorly as it
can be done, will ever succeed. Such
a man will be a hired man all his
life. Men in every subordinate po
sition, if they would make their
mark, must strive to make themselves
apparently indispensable. Every
man competent to (ill a position can
do this; but he must remember all
the time that he is not indispensable.
However, by a faithful discharge of
duty, he can make his employer
think so, and, so long as no necessi
ty exists for making a change, to
wonder how be could lie able to do
so without great detriment to his
own interests. No letter rule to uc-
Icompiish this result can be laid down
than this: Work ull the time as if
you were working for yourself. Ask
yourself, in case of hesitancy to lalxir
over hours or a little harder than
usual : What I would do if this
were my farm, and this work needed
to l>o done just now ? An answer to
that question by an industrious, con
scientious man will correctly outline
duty, and action in accordance with
it w'ill make the hired man indispen
sable. In such a man the employer
fee 1 s tliat be Las in charge of a cer
tain piece of work, or of his affairs
generally, an intelligent, thinking
being, who may l>e trusted because
be is such ; but in a rnun who is reek
less, shirking all the work possible,
and often doing as much harm as
good, the employer feels that he has
a machine which, like any other ma
chine on liis farm, is good for noth
ing unless it is attended by a guiding
mind and hand.
How Cultivating Helps the Crops.
It is well known that when earth is
moistened and spread and plastered
and packed down tightly, the air will
not penetrate it. We have beard of
mud cabins, ami many of us have
either lived in log houses that have i
lieen chinked with mud, or we have
knowu js-rsons who have lived in
them, and these houses are very
warm and comfortable, although
|Kor and humble. They are warm
because the cold air is kept out, but
if the mud becomes cracked and
open and full of crevices, through
which the wind passes,all the warmth
and comfort is gone. It is precisely
so with the surface of the soil. When
this is beaten down and plastered
and packed by the effect of rain
storms and wind, the air cannot pass
through it. The moisture-laden breez
es blow over it without adding a par
ticle to allay its drouth ; the rains
fall iqion it and flow away without
sinking into it; the hot sun dries
and bakes it, and is unable to sup
port the life of a plant; because
where air goes moisture goes with it—
the air is never free from moisture.
A cubic foot of air will dissolve or
hold in suspension a cubic inch of
water, but the power of air to hold
water varies with its temperature.
N ery hot air w ill hold the most water,
and as the air cools the moisture le
--eomes condensed and ap|carh as
mist, gathers in dro|w on the leaves,
grass, twigs of trees and the surface
of the ground as dew, or fails in
rain. Now, when the surface of the
soil is loosened by cultivation and
liecomes warmed by the sun, the air
in it is warmed, and dissolves mois
ture from as far below as the warmth
reaches; then when the soil is cooled
in the night, and the air shrinks in
cooling, air from without goes into
the soil, carrying more vapor with it.
This vaper is condensed and absorlr
ed by the soil, and every warm sum
mer'n night millions of gallons of
water may be thus carried into the
soil on a moderate-sized farm and
the crop ia refreshed.
But this constant circulation of
air has another effect. It meets with
organic matter in the soil and this is
acted U|Kjn by the oxygen of the air
and decomposed. The air deprived
of a part of its oxygen has then a
surplus of nitrogen and we have
reason to believe that in this oxida
tion of organic matter, nitrogen is
left free and fotuis nitrates in the
soil, and these have a roost useful ef
fect U|K>U plant growth. So the cir
culation of air in the soil has both
these useful effects. Then when a
shower falls upon the loose soil how
fast it sinks into it and becomes ab
sorbed. This water forces out air
and as it sinks and becomes absorb
ed, fresh air returns again so that the
effect of the water is to help the air
to exert its effects. And when this
water ba^become spread through
the loose soil and the space is then
re-occupied by air, the great beat of
the sun does not penetrate so far, to
dry out this water, as it would if the
soil were hard. 80 that the loose
soil acta to let the water In and to
keep it there when it has entered.
Thus by cultivating the soil we keep
it moist and make it fertile. We are
manuring it in fact, for this tillage,
in effect, produces elements of fer
tility in llii! soil that would not exist
there without it. Therefore when wo
say tillage is manure, we only state a
laet. Lastly we prevent weeds by
cultivation, if we were to give a
horse a feed of oats, and a dozen or
two of rats should come and help to
eat them, as indeed some farmers
permit them to do, that horse would
become poor and thin, He would
not thrive, because lie had not enough
i food. It is precisely the same with
a hill of corn or potatoes. If we
I permit a dozen or two of weeds to
feed with it, it is robls-d of a {tortion
,of its food and becomes poor and
j weak. And it is to avoid this that
we carefully cultivate these crops.
Many farmers suppose this is all that
they do by their work, but the other
effects pointed out are far more bene
ficial to the crop and of far greater
advantage to the soil.
The Century Co.
fFwmwtly rltt'f A ('*,)
I he name of the corporation former
ly known as Scribner A Co., (publishers
of Srribner't Mom),ln, St. Xirh'.lat, "The
Spiritual Songs Series" of hymn and
tune books, "Song* lor the Sanctuary,"
etc.; has now been chartg-<l to The
Century Co. The title of ,S -ribnrr't
Monthly will become The Century, with
the next volume. St. Xiehohu, is slight
ly changed as to it* nub title, being now
St. Xieholar, an ilhutrat'i M "taz\m for
Jot ,nj Folk*. The July numbers of
tbeae magazines are the first to bear tbe
new corporate imprint.
Srrilncr for July contains a paper of
special and timely interett, "The
People's Problem," in which the writer
takes the ground that the time has
come for the people of this country to
exercise their right to "alter the gov
ernment."
Besides a wealth of literary and illus
trated matter, there are also, in this
number, the concluding chapters of
two brilliant novelettes, "Madame I'el
pliine, by 'ieorgt. W. Cable (l egun in
Msv , an'i "A f earful Itcsponsibdity,"
by W . I. HowelU (begun in June . The
May, June and July numbers, contain
ing these two complete novelettes, are
offered for $ I .(>O.
<'n the 2'>tb of June will be publish
ed the July number of Sr. Xieholaj, con
taining many brilliant features for va
cation lime, including chapters of two
capital aerials for boys by Konaitter*
Johnson and \V. O. Stoddard ; "How to
i Stock and Keep a 1 rest. Water Aquar
lum"; a full page portrait of I>etigre
rnont. the boy-violinist ; "Stories of
Art and Artists," with some exquisite
i reproductions, etc.
Price of S-rdner't Monthly, ft.oo a
year; 3,' cents a number. Sl X,thohu,
>3.00 a year ; 2-* cents a number. Sold
everywhere.
Finn Butter Without Ice.
In families where the dairy is
small, a good plan to have the" but
ter cool and firm without ice is by
the process of evaporation, as prac
ticed in India and other warm coun
tries. A cheap plan ia to get a very
large-sized, porous, earthen flower
|ot, with an extra large saucer.
Half fill the saucer with water, act it
in a trivit or light stand—such as is
used for holding hot irons will do.
L |K>n this set your butter; over the
whole invert the flower-pot, letting
the top riin of it rest in and be cov
ered by the water; then close the
the hole in the bottom of the (lower
|>ot with a cork: then dash water
over the flower-pot, and repeat the
process several times in a day, or
whenever it looks dry-. If set in a
cool place, or whore the wind can
blow on it, it will readily eva|>orate
the water from the jmt., and the but
ter will Ire as firm ami cool as if from
an ice house.
A Good Suggestion to Housekeepers.
Xo one knows until she has tried
it, says an experienced housewife,
how she may change the aspect of
things aliout the house by using a
little varnish. On a sunshiny day
take the old chairs and tables out on
the |Krch or by an open door, and,
after thoroughly dusting and wiping
off with a damp cloth, apply a thin
coat of varnish, and so cover up
scratches and insured spots of all
kinds. It will dry in a very short
time, and you will fc aupriscd to see
how much good you have done. A
flannel cloth, with a very little linseed
oil, is good to rub furniture with,
but the greatest care must be exer
cised to prevent any oil b ing lefl on
the wood to attract dusL It must be
ruhW-d until you would not know,
except by the improves! apjicaraiicc,
that any oil hna been used.
Haw to Kill Canada Thistle-
Fiwn S American Afrtmttnn.t
When the thistle is blooming, or
about to do no, is the time wlftn the
greatest injury can be inflicted upon
it. Hut with tiie Canada thistle, once
cutting, while it greatly weakens,
will by no means kill ii, and there
is no time at which it can be des
troyed at a single cutting. The only
proper way with this and similar
plants ia to cut the shoota that first
appear, and to continue as long as
there is anything to cut. That con
tinued and |icraiatcnt cutting will
conquer the Canada thistle, and that
even worse weed, the horse nettle
(aoianura carolinense), wo have posi
tive knowledge, but no half way
work will prevail.
i