II lltton, Mr Fa riant' r Co., Hardware th aler. 3=3:.A.:R,:D"W" .A-IR/IEI WILSON, MOFARLAN]'] & CO. DKALKRB IN STOVES, RANGES? HEATERS. ALSO • Paints, Oils, Glass and Varnishes, AND BTTHLIDIEIR-S' HARDWARE. ALLBQIIKNV BTRBKT, .... HUMKB' BLOCK, .... HKI.I.KFnNTF., PA. TRAVELER'S GUIDE._ BKLLEFONTK & SNOW SHOE K. R.—Time-Tallin In pffci l on and after March 1.1991 Leaves Bmw Shoe 6.J'> A. v.,arrive* In Bellsfontr 7.24 A. %f I. e#v ll' 11 f'*u t 9.12 A. arrive* at Snow Shoe !US A V Lea*** Snow Shoe 2. !" r M.,arrive* In Bollsfont* 4.20 r. *. I*avea Belle font* 446 r arrive* at Snow Shoe J 7.26 p. M. S. S. BLAIR, OenT Superintendent. HALO EAGLE VALLEY KAIL ROAD.—Tinit-TbU, April 1--': Kxp. Mail, VMTVAID. UITWUI., Exp. Mall. A. U . I' M. r W Aw A 1 7 (rj Arrive at Tyrone L*av* 7 32 H i* m J fl 66 Leave K**t Tyrone Leave... 7 v m 66 760 C6l 44 Vail 44 ... 742 # 766 f. 47 V Bald Eagle 44 ... 747 902 74H t, 36 44 Fowler 44 ... 762 9 l 742 fl 31 41 Hannah " ... 766 913 7 :t6 fi 26 44 Fort Matilda ,4 ... HOO 9ID 727 17 " Martha H 107 71* 6OS •• Julian 44 ... H 1" 9 12 7 • I*7 M Dbimviiii •* M. • m • • 7ui 64* •• Snow Shoe In 44 ... *32 946 666 6 4-' 44 Mihwhtirg 44 ... * U 9 646 636 44 Relief, inta 44 ...Mi 9*7 R M 626 ...... '• MileeLurg " • 64 10 '-** I 626 516 •• I'urtln 41 ... 9 Ofl |0 19 6IS 6 li " Mount Eagle 44 ... 91210 26 6 9 601 •• 11. war I 44 ... •BO 10 7 666 450 .... " KAglevill* 14 ... 9 .'IS 10 49 660 446 44 Beech Crtrk 44 ... 940 1 64 634 433 14 Mill llall 44 ... 964 1 1 16 629 4 :*) 44 Flemimrton 44 ... 967 II 2. 626 426 44 Lock Haven 44 ...10 tl 11 25 PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD. 1 —(Philadelphia and Brh Dlfldot.) 1 Qa and after December 12, 1*77 : W EST WARD. ERIK MAIL leave# Philadelphia It M p n 44 llarriahurg...... 4 2-' an. 44 44 WOlhUMport 086a ni 44 44 Lock llaven 9 4< a r. 44 R*n"Vn... ]0 ni 44 arrive# at Krie 7 NIAGARA EXPRESS latent Philadelphia 720 a a ** llarriahurg.... In Ri| n> I 4 ' M'il||*niport. 2 2* ptn j arrive* at Itenoro 4 4< p n. ' Paaeenger* by thl* train arr.ve in lLile fonte at 4 36 pm FAST LINK leave* Philadelphia 11 4 an. 44 44 Harri*hurg 336 p m 44 Williamaport 73 j. ni 44 arrive* at Lock Haven Hdop tn EASTWARD. PACIFD EXPRESS have. Lock Haven 6 4" a m 44 Willl*mjMrt... 7 .V. # a m 44 arrive# at Biflkhmi 11 M ■* n 44 44 Philadelphia.... 346 p m DAY EXPRESS leave* R*nov ]o 1 ■ n, " " Uck ll*ven. 11 20 a m 44 Williatnaport 12 4" a rr 44 arrive* at 11#rri*hnrg............ 4 1 p m 44 Philadelphia 7 2> pn ERIK MAIL leave* Re novo A ,V p m 44 I/h k Haven 9 4"> p m 44 WiliiamaporL 11 06 p m 44 ai rive* at llarrl*burg 2 45 am 44 44 Philadelphia 700 a m FAST LINE lea Tea W Iltiam#p*>rt 12 35 a rr 44 arrive* at HarrUhurg 3 Man 44 Philadelphia 706 ft tn Erie Mail M eat. Niagara F.vpreaa ViV#t, |,nrk Haven AcconinoeUto n Weat and Iay Kxpreaa Ka#. make clo*e connection* at Northumberland with L. A B. R R. train* for Wtlke*t>arre and Reran ton. Erie Mail Niagara Rxprea* Wwt, and Erie Ex pre** Wet. and I/ck llaven Aervimtnodation Meat make close connection at WilliampMrt with S. C. R W. frain* north Erf* Mall Meat, Niagara Kvpre** We*t. and Day 1 Expre** Eaet. make rh*. connection at Haven With II R. V R K train* Erie Mail Ka*t and W**t connect at Erie with train* I on L S. IM.SH R. at Corry with O C AAV R ! R . at Emp<rinm with B. N. Y A P. H. R., an Mat Driftwood with A. V R R Parlor car* will run between Philadelphia and Wflliajnaport on Niagara F.vpre** W.*t Krl" Ex pre** W *#t, Philadelphia Ex pre** Eaet and Day Kvpre** E**t. and Sunday Exj r* Kant Sl*epinc carton all night train*. Ww. A Bylowiiv, Oen'l Sftperlfttendaftt. 171. IRARD HOUSE, VJ CORNKK CIIKriTM T AND NINTH STREETS, mmnrirHu Thl* hawae. in a e||y famed fbr It* mm fortatde hotel*, i* kept in every re|e<t tn any flrtt-cla** hotel* in the country. Owing to the atrin geviry of the time*, the price of Utard h* l-e*r> re.|uc*d tw THaiß hOLLAM per lay. J V| KIM I'. IN. l*6f' Manager. / ML.MORE A CO., VI LAW ASD COLLECTION IIOIKR. 629 F STR*T, WA.HI.NOTOS, I>. C. Mak* Collection*. Negotiate U*m* ami attend to all btwrin*** confided to th.m LAND SCRIP, Soldier's Additional IL>raeetend Right* and LAND WARRANTS bought and sold. 4* tf | I BO pi A TRUE TONIC A PERFECT 3TRENGTHENER.A SURE REVIVER. IRON IH'ITKRS hit liifrhly recommended for all diaY<c re quiring a certain ami efficient ton IP ; eapecially Jnihgrntirm, ltynjwjmin, Intrr millrnl Lrvrrf, Hon/ of A pprlilr, LAM* of Strength, Irish nf L'.nrrgy, fir. F.nrirh'* the blood, Mrvngthcnx the mnacica, and given new life to the nerve*. They act likp a charm on the digeative organs, removing ail dyapeptir symptom*, atich aa Tilling Ikr fW, HrlrJi tng, LLML in th*. Stnmarh, Lfrarlhurn, rlr. Tim only Iron Preparation tliat will not liliteken the tooth or give headache. Hold hy all druggist*. Write for Ue AIJ C Hook, 32 pp. of useful and amusing reading—am t Jrtt. BROWN CHEMICAL CO., Ilaltlmorp, Mil. BITTERS IIALBKRT E. PA I NR. I*i Commialonn of Patent*. BENJ. r. GRAFTON. STORT B I,ADD PAINE, GRAFTON A LADD, AVomq/t at Law and Snlicitort of Amtrxcan and Foreign Patent *, 412 FIFTH STREET, WAMIINOTON, I). C. Prartte* patent law In all lla hranahea In lb# Patent Olm e, anil the Bnpreme and Omni Court* of tb# Untied Htniea. Pamphlet aand fraa. 4*tf y. u a r* a *net tv t he airalti i f i* r inTb Miiiiuleut-* an d u*S torw brain nervenm4 Mop Bittern. Bwaeie U.E MOP B. If you are young and I aufTcring fr*n anv In- eingie. old r I young. *uif ring fmio tKMirIM-altU or langxiati ■trig <>n a UU uf MCK nee*, ply on Hopl Bittern. Whoever yon are, agW Tliouaantfadie an wheu-Tor you feei |W fl Btuliy fro m sotun that your *y*trin iflu] forvti of Kld nop n*eda clran*lnir. t<n- tint im, .| ~r -l in • :.g. [H I h> 1 without intaxlcdAtng, ]■, 1 by a timely u • of take Mop Mopßittem 8 it torn* ■■■■■ v> ". y ' —o. i* c, or Hrtmiryrom i fW .r k cilveaw ■ !•" • alea.l.ltn of lhe%N ir/j, ■ ' ||o bier tYrV t*r iMIIIIEB r ri: 1 NEVER p A M !:;r7 w life. I hn | |/ \IL II •' anved hun-lJ I hmMit,%. 1. Battle Crook, N?lchip:an, MAjfcrAurciuciui <-r tuc obi.T . Traction and Plain Engines and Horse-Powers. i Catnbllahad In the World. ( IR-1 rt A A VTA DC f co*#fawm* and f%rr,s rfy! < m I LRnO ', with- it chaoifr <•? ram*, w mm niariagtrrnt. or loratuvn. n " t**rk p " rA* ■ brtnMl warranty pirew <m all o%r y—ml* 12 j STFAM-POWEII SEPARATORM and 4'ottiplrir tlutflta f - > , Trnctlon I mkim * and I'lnirt Kitglor* evi r arm in Uh- Ain' ru an market A mvlrlfid* of eporial i-d "■; e.w*<ae*f# for iwl. tf ao *h'T with f-+ri<pr -jnahlt** tn Mm*rw. .• and ,natertaU tl'A dnttliol of to . tf r ntakem. 1 ur atar* "f Hejwraf n* - 12 bora** capacity, foe Urn** dr Sec## e-ww T*■> tic* f •' Mounted •' li me P wefa 7.500.000 f/n .TLrirrtr!. H-T.TTT, con*tant?y on hand. fn*tn which t* tiilt the ii>- cmui-arable w...J ark of our vnachiiarrv TRACTION ENGINES Zh ar 4mraA/e and j! rtw h. 10. 13 li.rK Powrr- | S. Fnrmrr. mil TkN*(nM M MM II tn'—' •>'<• thl- MidaiMT. Cln ..tr- p dI fiw A ' lr~ NICHOLS. SHEPARD A CO. Brittle Cr.ttlt, MlotttW |r * MOVKY To Loan ai < pir C't. * BT Tin MI TIM i.in iN-1 B. ANC* <*o fF NEW VoRK. n flr*t m rtc*c. n ir |<ai>i-i farm pS-i-erty. in *'in* r-t l*a than IL'tt), at1 nt nrpalini one-third of the preeent vaJtie <f tb" pnjierty. Any p*rL n ft the | rir- |-*al can !■* fai4 off at any time, and it ha# the natom of tb* oinpany to permit the j ri* if*l remain a* long a* the Utrrower wishea. if th* Inter**! t* promptly jaud A l't'l J " I IURLLI p RIIKRMA!*, Alton>-y l l.w. t>Sl I'flßtl ittwl, lt-.AIn, P. . or In DATID 7, BLINK,Co • A|>t>r.l-r. 'i-ll Molltfonl*. P. ST. XAVIER'S ACADEMY, NKAII LATKOHK, FA., NEARLY half a Ontury old, from hkh Iha moat prominent and rultlrate.l woman In Pennaylranla hat# graduated, uffara m.at thorough adnratlanal alda and hlthaat atandard nt rwfleln* In flnenrea Pnt.Ha admitted at any lima. Yearly a>- penae al*.nl SVB. Addreaa, AI FT ERA OP MR ROT, 10 Realty*a P. 0 . Weetmnreland r.ointjr, Pa. HOTEL, M Oppoaltaftm,, ■,naa. RKU.RPONTB. PA. TER* t.J PER DAT. A good Urerj attocbad. J.J ' A. ' -JZ£ I'rofcaniimnl far tin. WILI.MN WALLA.'t, |„ K If Aft ft Y r. WIUHI, FT I 1.1.1 A M K, ftALLACK. \V ALLACK A K ItKBS, * LAW AMMOLLIMTION <IFFI('K j January I, IH*| CI.KAUFI KLll PA. ATTORNEY AT LAW. •■■ l< I. .-fi-.-it- Hi.. Cutirl 11. u,.. ||„. (),„„• „f A i). rHTM'* ' iill.liiir ILfttf II A. McKEti, * ' • ATTORNEY AT LAW. 42 If Offt< < Q|t|xw||( (!uit Holm,*. Pft. EMUNK FIELDING, IAW AND COLLMTION OFFICE, l- 'T i I.KAHHKI.iI, I'A. \\[ A. MOUUIKOX, * * • AT TO UN KV AT I.AW, IHI.LF.KONTK, PA. i I" W HIIM'Ii , ir|1111" IlifColll | llmiir CJ ii an | uiio ti In Kiiftliah or Orrnino 2\y C. T. 4LKX tMiftß. (> t n nowftft. A LEXANDEIt A BOWEIt, ) * ATTORNEYS AT LAW, IL llc-r.-rii.-, I'a , may l-> In Kngliab ur liar man. OHI< aln liarmaii • Building. |-ly iahu A. ktargm. j WMLIT UIPHAIT. VJKAYKII A UEPHART, ■ * ATTORNEYS AT I.AW, , Offlr* on Allegheny street, north of High. Roll*- i fonift, !'• 1-ly nl". EORTNEY, • ATTORN FY AT LAW, IIKI.I.KKONTR, I'A f Uil 4'wf In lh left In the Court Ii nf 2*ljr JOHN BLAIR LINN, \*' ATTORNEY AT LAW, IIKI.I.KFONTE. PA. Ofßi w Allegheny Hlrrwt, iir-r I*.•• t tiflW • 21-ly I L. SPANGLKU, * ' • ATTORN EY-AT-LAW IIEI.I.KFONTK I I \TKK I'IU'NTV, PA. Rpr. til allallll.in l CVllr, Ikina. I ra. li'.a 111 all tin. j CourU; CotiiulUlli'tii In Herman ->r K KIUII. l-ljr D& KELLER. • ATTORNEY AT LAW, I Office n Allegheny MtMl Houth ftl<l* of Ly<>tl' Irturf, BpllffoniA, Pi. |.|^ T U HtftRAT. • Tftl'l OvfttKift. \l URRAY A GORDON, it I ATTORNEYS AT LAW, CLEARFIELD PA. ill attend the Bellefohtft Cotirta ftliro ft|e ally J •mfilojswl. J.|jr r r C. IIU'PLK. ■ • ATTORN KV-ATI. AW, LOCK IIAI EN. PA j All tmalnaaa \\ .M. I. MITCHELL, I * * PRACTICAL HI RVKYOR, HAVEN, PA , ' Will attend to all ft'-rk In (Te*rft*l4, (Vtiira and C'lu lotj counties. (Hflr* \A- k ltft*>n Nillontl Hank 2<My \\' C. HEINLE, * ' • ATTORNEY AT LAW. HI I.LKF'iNTK, PA Olßrw In CifirJ II'IUM, Allegheny ilfM. j attenti'.n gsteti I • th* rollKiluit of dilmt | All I'ltiiDAM attended t< pr.'tnj tli 211/ \\' ILLIAM MKTLLOt'GH, V * ATTORNI \ AT LAW, CLEARFIELD, PA. All batlnaa j.y.m| >ly 10-nd.-l t |.|y \\' I - desire to mil iIIP attention of MM '• 1 lb* (a. I 11 at • km a full and fotnjlete f Agricultural Implements op r.tp.Rv DftM-Rimo*, | fr.m Iewt rn aI r• fhir pree* are mo4rlr, iw| th- J qtailltf f '-ur iMpUmwntw %t+ /| to nn# In th 1 ! to*rkt lirm*n I <N.numwn will do ftfll to 'ill j ! " •* IM btfofp I'tirrluMlnff !*•• hrf. Am- • ''iir fttrwk <f Ifftf Utti*itl* will.# fmi I PAX To\ (poRTAbI.P. ICIIOINKH, MII.BtRN WAHO.NR. Adriance Reapers & Mowers, ORAIN HHILIJI. HAY RAKEA, CORN PI.ANTRRf* IIROAII CART ORAIN I'KII.M THRF.HIIINO MA" CHIN EH. R IARO CIIII.LEII PIAIRH Ar I Wa alan (Ira >pn ial altantion l>, RKI'AIR INO, and w..i11.l raaf.a. (fully anlMl lha ||raM(r of Ihoa* da. alrlnc any Ihln* in lha Una of Implamanu and Ma 'hinary of ayary daaarinllon OORLHtN A LANDIB, 1" If RELI.EFONTK, PA. HJa BAKER A BRO., • ai>nnt iii o COMI'LETK .MANURES, rnii POTATOES, CABBAOK, CORN, OATS, WHEAT, KKUIT THKEB, AND KVRRY FARM CROP Ttiaaa Mannraa ara praparad aaparlally for avk aaparala rmp. n.ntalnlnE in a ronranlrntad h.rm jnal lha plant f.d. In lha a*a.l propnrthma, mgnind t pmdnoaa !ar(n flaM. Tliay ara CHEAPER THAN AT A RLE MANIRKS, r-.atn.ir.* mnrh Iwllar and nana r.rUln raaolta aara <>f Aald trial h*a pruml ihia h. ha lha oorrart ayalam of frrtlllMlh>. Ala., mnnutn inran, lm|airtara and daalaii la Prime AurietiHiiriil ( hemicals RTKHTt.Y PURE GROUND BONE, RIT.PIIATK OF AMMONIA, NITRATE OF WMIA, Ml lit ATE OF POTAPH, FCI.PII ATE OF POTAfHI, ACIII PHoaplUTE*. LAND PLANTER, NOTARM HALTR.Ar QUALITY OLARANTEEI). fTrraUra gltlng Dill partfrnlaraand . ..nUinlag hrli Inlaranilng t lanoara, mall ad on appllmUoa. IM OlTloa SIR Poori St., Now York. CANCER REMOVED, WITHOUT KNIFE,and in met ▼ ™ caaaa •Ithvnl pala. Apply la -• c Cr r, ' tHit Crntrt rraocr.it. B K LLEKONTK, 1' A. -A- o- :n i c -cr x-rexj x?, -a- z-. NKWR, FACTH AND HUOUKNTIONS. TDK TMT UR TNI NATIONAL WILMS! IA TNI INTILLI- AND rsuircsiTT or TNI MIATR. h'.rery farmer in hu annual experience ilueovere numelhiny / value. Write it and "end it to the. "Agricultural Editor of the DEMOCRAT, Hellefonte, J'enn'u," that other farmer may hare the benefit of it. l,et communication* be timely, and be eure that they are brief and well pointed. Titft Imrvoat m<->w aUn-U o'er the let, ller soMeti rliii'i n<)il|i; Hie lijclita the ahftfit mi m*tiy • lift, The Milla on ninny m A N experienced potato grower tells the American Cultivator that he suc ceeds in growing tine large potatoes by thinning the stalks to two in n hill. Try it on a part of the crop. Now is a good time to do it. To keep insects in check there must be no procrastination in the pro gramme. Act promply, ns soon as the eggs, chrysalis or vermin in any state are seen. Destroy the first lot, and it is rare there is much trouble | afterward. TRY sifting flr.o middlings on the ( cabbage when the leaves are damp as j a remedy for the disgusting cabbage worm. The middlings adhere to the leaves and the worms eating are said to l>e destroyed by indigestion. Its cheap enough and but little trouble. Try it and report the result to the DEMOCRAT. EVERY practical farmer knows that frequent cultivating and loosening of the soil wonderfully helps the grow th of all hoed crops, even though they may lie quite clear of weeds, but it l is by no means every farmer that i knows why this is so. Those who j care to learn will find the reasons i very simply told nod happily illus trated in an article in another col } umn, from the |*n of Henry Stewart, j who is endeavoring to teach the boys and girls how to farm through the liural Scm Yorker. DR. HARLAN once said, "that to retain the richness of soil it must be kept covered, though it is a bard matter to understand wby !" A very good aijd inexpensive way to accom plish this at one point in our rotation of crops is to sow rye in the corn at i the time of the last working. One bushel per acre will Ik? plenty, |K-rhaps lesst will answer. It will make excellent pasture for late fall and early spring, and then furnish a fair crop of "green manure" to turn ! down when fallowing for wheat. A TIMELY paragraph from the American Agriculturist upon the des- j traction of the Canada thistle, will lie found in another column of this page. Wc lately noticed the track men on the line o( the Bald Eagle : Valley railroad engaged in cutting spots of this terrible weed which had ! obtained a foothold near the track. I'pon inquiry wc learned that it was i leing done by order of the olflccrs lof the road. The officers deserve j the thanks of all farmers whose I lands adjoin the railroad for this carc. IT is never too early to give some thought to the preparation of the ground for the reception of the seed of the fall crops. Possibly the discour aging failure or partial failure over which mime of us may sigh during the harvest now in progress will im press upon our minds the importance of more thoroughness in this direc tion. The large average yield of the , wheat crop of England is due in a great measure to the great care taken 1 to prepare the ground for the licst growth of the wheat plant, before the grain is sown. The fields thst are imperfectly plowed and indiflerenlly harrowed arc far too common with us, and until the soil is made deep and mellow by thorough tillage, all the manure and artificial fertilizers we may apply will not bring the yield of our fall aown crops to the most profitable point. A little extra work in preparation will many times bring a large margin of profit when it comes to gather the harvest. To a certain extent tillage may be a sub stitute for manure, but that man is ! not wise who endeavors to substitute | manure for tillage. Account NO to The St. I Ami* Globe- Democrat the pedigree of the tree peddler rune straight back to Anna nias. • Adrioe to Hired Men. 1 Here in a bit of admirable ADVICE TO 111HEO MEN from The WeMern Mu ral. It Is the "best policy," from a mere worldly point of view, to sny nothing of higher motives to act on Epbesiann, vi., 7, H. We know of one farm hand who gels and doubt less earns $lO a month more than the average wages because be lives up to this high principle: "No man who is selfish or lazy enough to do as little as lie can, and to do w hat he does as poorly as it can be done, will ever succeed. Such a man will be a hired man all his life. Men in every subordinate po sition, if they would make their mark, must strive to make themselves apparently indispensable. Every man competent to (ill a position can do this; but he must remember all the time that he is not indispensable. However, by a faithful discharge of duty, he can make his employer think so, and, so long as no necessi ty exists for making a change, to wonder how be could lie able to do so without great detriment to his own interests. No letter rule to uc- Icompiish this result can be laid down than this: Work ull the time as if you were working for yourself. Ask yourself, in case of hesitancy to lalxir over hours or a little harder than usual : What I would do if this were my farm, and this work needed to l>o done just now ? An answer to that question by an industrious, con scientious man will correctly outline duty, and action in accordance with it w'ill make the hired man indispen sable. In such a man the employer fee 1 s tliat be Las in charge of a cer tain piece of work, or of his affairs generally, an intelligent, thinking being, who may l>e trusted because be is such ; but in a rnun who is reek less, shirking all the work possible, and often doing as much harm as good, the employer feels that he has a machine which, like any other ma chine on liis farm, is good for noth ing unless it is attended by a guiding mind and hand. How Cultivating Helps the Crops. It is well known that when earth is moistened and spread and plastered and packed down tightly, the air will not penetrate it. We have beard of mud cabins, ami many of us have either lived in log houses that have i lieen chinked with mud, or we have knowu js-rsons who have lived in them, and these houses are very warm and comfortable, although |Kor and humble. They are warm because the cold air is kept out, but if the mud becomes cracked and open and full of crevices, through which the wind passes,all the warmth and comfort is gone. It is precisely so with the surface of the soil. When this is beaten down and plastered and packed by the effect of rain storms and wind, the air cannot pass through it. The moisture-laden breez es blow over it without adding a par ticle to allay its drouth ; the rains fall iqion it and flow away without sinking into it; the hot sun dries and bakes it, and is unable to sup port the life of a plant; because where air goes moisture goes with it— the air is never free from moisture. A cubic foot of air will dissolve or hold in suspension a cubic inch of water, but the power of air to hold water varies with its temperature. N ery hot air w ill hold the most water, and as the air cools the moisture le --eomes condensed and ap|carh as mist, gathers in dro|w on the leaves, grass, twigs of trees and the surface of the ground as dew, or fails in rain. Now, when the surface of the soil is loosened by cultivation and liecomes warmed by the sun, the air in it is warmed, and dissolves mois ture from as far below as the warmth reaches; then when the soil is cooled in the night, and the air shrinks in cooling, air from without goes into the soil, carrying more vapor with it. This vaper is condensed and absorlr ed by the soil, and every warm sum mer'n night millions of gallons of water may be thus carried into the soil on a moderate-sized farm and the crop ia refreshed. But this constant circulation of air has another effect. It meets with organic matter in the soil and this is acted U|Kjn by the oxygen of the air and decomposed. The air deprived of a part of its oxygen has then a surplus of nitrogen and we have reason to believe that in this oxida tion of organic matter, nitrogen is left free and fotuis nitrates in the soil, and these have a roost useful ef fect U|K>U plant growth. So the cir culation of air in the soil has both these useful effects. Then when a shower falls upon the loose soil how fast it sinks into it and becomes ab sorbed. This water forces out air and as it sinks and becomes absorb ed, fresh air returns again so that the effect of the water is to help the air to exert its effects. And when this water ba^become spread through the loose soil and the space is then re-occupied by air, the great beat of the sun does not penetrate so far, to dry out this water, as it would if the soil were hard. 80 that the loose soil acta to let the water In and to keep it there when it has entered. Thus by cultivating the soil we keep it moist and make it fertile. We are manuring it in fact, for this tillage, in effect, produces elements of fer tility in llii! soil that would not exist there without it. Therefore when wo say tillage is manure, we only state a laet. Lastly we prevent weeds by cultivation, if we were to give a horse a feed of oats, and a dozen or two of rats should come and help to eat them, as indeed some farmers permit them to do, that horse would become poor and thin, He would not thrive, because lie had not enough i food. It is precisely the same with a hill of corn or potatoes. If we I permit a dozen or two of weeds to feed with it, it is robls-d of a {tortion ,of its food and becomes poor and j weak. And it is to avoid this that we carefully cultivate these crops. Many farmers suppose this is all that they do by their work, but the other effects pointed out are far more bene ficial to the crop and of far greater advantage to the soil. The Century Co. fFwmwtly rltt'f A ('*,) I he name of the corporation former ly known as Scribner A Co., (publishers of Srribner't Mom),ln, St. Xirh'.lat, "The Spiritual Songs Series" of hymn and tune books, "Song* lor the Sanctuary," etc.; has now been chartg-<l to The Century Co. The title of ,S -ribnrr't Monthly will become The Century, with the next volume. St. Xiehohu, is slight ly changed as to it* nub title, being now St. Xieholar, an ilhutrat'i M "taz\m for Jot ,nj Folk*. The July numbers of tbeae magazines are the first to bear tbe new corporate imprint. Srrilncr for July contains a paper of special and timely interett, "The People's Problem," in which the writer takes the ground that the time has come for the people of this country to exercise their right to "alter the gov ernment." Besides a wealth of literary and illus trated matter, there are also, in this number, the concluding chapters of two brilliant novelettes, "Madame I'el pliine, by 'ieorgt. W. Cable (l egun in Msv , an'i "A f earful Itcsponsibdity," by W . I. HowelU (begun in June . The May, June and July numbers, contain ing these two complete novelettes, are offered for $ I .(>O. <'n the 2'>tb of June will be publish ed the July number of Sr. Xieholaj, con taining many brilliant features for va cation lime, including chapters of two capital aerials for boys by Konaitter* Johnson and \V. O. Stoddard ; "How to i Stock and Keep a 1 rest. Water Aquar lum"; a full page portrait of I>etigre rnont. the boy-violinist ; "Stories of Art and Artists," with some exquisite i reproductions, etc. Price of S-rdner't Monthly, ft.oo a year; 3,' cents a number. Sl X,thohu, >3.00 a year ; 2-* cents a number. Sold everywhere. Finn Butter Without Ice. In families where the dairy is small, a good plan to have the" but ter cool and firm without ice is by the process of evaporation, as prac ticed in India and other warm coun tries. A cheap plan ia to get a very large-sized, porous, earthen flower |ot, with an extra large saucer. Half fill the saucer with water, act it in a trivit or light stand—such as is used for holding hot irons will do. L |K>n this set your butter; over the whole invert the flower-pot, letting the top riin of it rest in and be cov ered by the water; then close the the hole in the bottom of the (lower |>ot with a cork: then dash water over the flower-pot, and repeat the process several times in a day, or whenever it looks dry-. If set in a cool place, or whore the wind can blow on it, it will readily eva|>orate the water from the jmt., and the but ter will Ire as firm ami cool as if from an ice house. A Good Suggestion to Housekeepers. Xo one knows until she has tried it, says an experienced housewife, how she may change the aspect of things aliout the house by using a little varnish. On a sunshiny day take the old chairs and tables out on the |Krch or by an open door, and, after thoroughly dusting and wiping off with a damp cloth, apply a thin coat of varnish, and so cover up scratches and insured spots of all kinds. It will dry in a very short time, and you will fc aupriscd to see how much good you have done. A flannel cloth, with a very little linseed oil, is good to rub furniture with, but the greatest care must be exer cised to prevent any oil b ing lefl on the wood to attract dusL It must be ruhW-d until you would not know, except by the improves! apjicaraiicc, that any oil hna been used. Haw to Kill Canada Thistle- Fiwn S American Afrtmttnn.t When the thistle is blooming, or about to do no, is the time wlftn the greatest injury can be inflicted upon it. Hut with tiie Canada thistle, once cutting, while it greatly weakens, will by no means kill ii, and there is no time at which it can be des troyed at a single cutting. The only proper way with this and similar plants ia to cut the shoota that first appear, and to continue as long as there is anything to cut. That con tinued and |icraiatcnt cutting will conquer the Canada thistle, and that even worse weed, the horse nettle (aoianura carolinense), wo have posi tive knowledge, but no half way work will prevail. i
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers