Ulic (Cnilrc ,21 rmoctal.
BKLLKFONTE, 1A.
ACHIICVLTt7ItikL.
NF.WS, FACTS ANl> SiltUiF-STtONH.
Til, TBAT r TUB NATIONAL WRLTARR IN TNI IRTtLLI
aiRCa Al> roHRIT> or TUB TANKIA
Ererv farmer iti hit annual erpertenee
diseorert itomethiny of value. Write it and
tteml it to the " Agricultural Eilitor of the
DEMOCRAT, Helle'fonte, I'enn'u," thai other
farmert tnay hare the benefit of it. l*et
eommnniealtont be timely, ami be tare that
they are brief and well /minted.
THE York (I'a.) Daily says that
the coming year promises to be a re
markably dry season, and that farm
ers should be prepared for the emer
gency and build cisterns, in which (
the rain and snow water may le re
tained. Does the Daily base its pre
diction upon the unusual wetness of
the year just now closing ?
AN English "gentleman engaged
in mercantile pursuits iu London,"
and who is also "favorably known" in
the "poetry business," lias "devoted
much attention to the hay-saving
problem," and dries the hay under a
shed by means of a hot-air ldast, fur
nished by a steam engine, at an ex- .
ponsc of about three dollars per ton.
That may be good farming in Eng
land, but sunshine is too cheap and
plentiful here to warrant us in adopt
ing this English mercantile poet's
plan.
BE sure to keep some nice pullets
over for breeders next year. When
such management as has been advo
cated in these columns has been prac
ticed the pullets should be laying
now, giving a supply of eggs for the
holiday market, when they always
bring a good price. Encourage them
to keep on at this until the holidays.
Then, if any want to set, give them a
chance. If you have facilities for
raising early chicks, let the campaign
l>egin as early in the year as your
hens will set.
AT the December meeting of the
Lancaster county agricultural soci
ety, the question "What constitutes
'high farming,' and will it pay ?" was
referred for answer to Henry M. En
gle, who is the member of the State
Board of Agriculture for that coun
ty. He answered by saying that "the
raising of the largest possible crops,
keeping the land clean and leaving it
at the end of the year i'i lietter con
dition than at the beginning, consti
tute high farming." This is a most
excellent definition, but it leads us to
observe that we know of very few
men who are addicted to that kind of
farming. During the same. meeting
Mr. Englc advocated the soiling sys
tem of feeding cattle as being cheap*
or than pasturing them.
Da. STI KTEVANT'S fourth paper on
"How to grow 100 bushels of corn
lcr acre," in the current number of
I/and ami Home , treats of manuring.
The Dr. insists that experience and
reasoning unite in demanding that
the manure should be kept near the
surface, and for this reason recom
mends that it lie spread on the plowed
ground and harrowed in. No one
sentence in the article contains more
wisdom than this : "Taking into con
' sideration the fact that the farmer
should each year cultivate more land
than his manure will cover, it is good
l>olicy to keep the dung for the grass
And the grain, the potato field, the
orchard and the garden, and to buy
fertilizers for the corn."
Till-: agricultural editor of the
DEMOCRAT acknowledges the receipt,
from the publishers of Land and
Jfome,o( a beautifully engraved copy
of Sir Edward Landseer's celebrated
iminting, "Wild cattle of Chilling
ham." The study is an exceedingly
interesting one to those whose tastes
lead them to admire beautiful ani
mals. It represents a magnificent
white lull, with cow and calf, of what
ia supposed to lie the native breed of
cattle of the British Islands. The
bull standing on high ground, facing
the observer, with bold front and
bead erect, and the beautiful cow and
calf in the foreground, as if under
his protection; altogether, forming
an interesting picture of these useful
animals in their wild state. No de
scription can do justice to the strik
ing effect, nicety of execution, and
natural beauty of this picture. A
copy of this superb engraving is given
free to every subscriber.
k
OVER one hundred ami thirty acres,
in one season, with two plows, with
out a breakage ol' any kind, largo or
small, and with the UHO of hut four ,
shares, is a pretty good reeord for j
the plows. Well, that's what we have
done this season with two Botilh Bend
chilled plows, furnished by 11. K.
Hieks, last spring, and at this writ
ing, December 10, they have been
furnished with new shares, and are
running in an eight-year-old seal,
doing work that is the very perfection
of plowing. The jointer attachment
enables them to completely hide the >
grass and roots, and we expect, by
its use, to avoid a deal of hard work
for our teams in the way of harrow
ing in the spring.
Ir you have a horse power and
cutting box,it costs very little to cut
all the fodder usually grown and led
on a farm, and it pays to do it for the
Is'tter quality of the bedding for j
which the refuse is used, and greater
ease and rapidity with which the
manure can lie prepared for use.
This has been our own practice for
years, and we believe it pays. If
enough is cut at one time to last a
week or two, and it is firmly tramped
in a bin, with a liberal supply of salt
sprinkled over it, it w ill liecome moist,
and a slight degree of fermentation
will set in, which will soften it, and
cause the cattle to cat a much larger
proportion of the stalks than they
would if left whole. Whatever ration
of grain the cattle g< t should !H
--ground and mixed with the cut stalks,
and moistened with water. This will
cause grain and fodder to lie swal
lowed together, when the grain will
l>e raised with the fodder in tiie form
of cud, and re-masticated, enabling
the animal to appropriate a much
larger portion of the nourishment it
contains than when it is swallowed
by itself, and passed into the stomach
from which it cannot l>c regained as
cud. Hcasoningand cxpcrimcntagree
that all grain should lie groum
fore it is fed to stock of any kind.
The distance of many farmers from
''the mill," and the consequent incon
venience and loss of time incurred in
taking grain to and from the mill,
often prove quite as much an objec
tion to having the grain ground, as
the tenth or more which the miller
exacts as "toll." A better state of
tilings than this now exists on many
farms where the farmers have supplied
themselves with some one of the
small and efficient mills which can
now be bad, and do their own grind
ing. Those who use them say that it
requires but little if any more time
to do their own chopping at home,
than to take the grain to the mill and
bark, ami"the toll saved is clear gain.
We shall have more to say upon this
subject at an early day.
Good Butter Making.
L. 8. Hardin, of Kentucky, one
of the leading thinkers of
upon all subjects
the dairy, read a paper Is-fore the
late meeting of the Dockland county,
\. V., agricultural society, upon the
subject of butter making, in which
he described what he called the "new
process." It reads like a very good
process, and we copy it !>elo\v :
The milk, as soon as it lie taken
from the row, is cooled to seventy-five
degrees by lcing set in well water.
It is then strained into vats or cans
twenty inches deep, and set either in
cold air or cold ice water, and the
temperature of the milk reduced to
forty degrees. It is left to stand at
this temperature twelve to twenty
four hours. The cream is then dipped
oir, it remaining sweet and limped.
The skimmed milk also remains
sweet. The cream is allowed to
stand six hours after being taken off.
to ri|>en and turn slightly sour. It
is then churned in either a revolving
or oscillating box, until it conies in
butter grains jiltout the size of grains
of wheat. The buttermilk is then
drawn olf, and water throw-n in, at
aliout the temperature of sixty de
grees. After the butter is washed
| until the water runs clear from it,
the grains are pressed into a lump
and placed upon a butter worker.
What buttermilk is left in it is work
ed out, and salt is added to the taste
of the purchaser. This butter is
generally reworked a little, nfter
standing four or five hours, to take
the mottled appearance out of it.
After this it is packed in fresh, new
wooilen tubs, and ship|>ed immediate
ly to market in refrigerator cats, so
that it actually reaches the consumer
liefore it is three days old from the
cow's udder.
THE usefulness of the goat as an
adjunct to the milk-supply is being
discussed in England, and slops are
being taken to form a society to cn
conrnge the breeding of luilch-goats
Extract# ami Comment*.
Wheat planted from a fourth to n half
HII inch deep comes up sooner than at
1 any other depth. Kxchtiru/..
Possibly that's true. Itut can the j
I party who makes the statement HO
positively assure us that it will yield
bettor, aero for acre, than that plant- ■
od sit twice or three timet) the depth?
The mistaken notion prevails with
some sportsmen that the sign boards j
forbidding hunting, fishing or trespass
! ing on private lands are of no account.
and that they can be disregarded with
| impunity.—Eschangr.
I nvite the sportsmen to the Squire's
ofliue, and convince tliein of the cost
liness of their mistaken notion. They
will avoid making the same mistake
on the same premises in the future.
Land which without an application
of manure will give a yield of fifteen
bushels of wheat per acre will, by the
addition of eighty pounds of nitrogen
in a favorable season, give from thirty
five to forty bushels of wheat, with a
j proportional increase of straw. A
.htmge.
That's perfectly simple, isn't it?
Just sprinkle on a little "nitrogen,"
and the question of "How to make
farming pay ?" is answered at once.
I.et us ail do it.
'nving to the thic' riess of the corn
looks this year some people are pre
dieting along winter.— Exeki.. :/ e.
Winter will have to la-gin pretty
soon or that prediction will fail.
I
In Adams county. Pa., fully one half -
the cornstalk ground has been sown to
wheat an umiua!!v large proportion
and it looks well.— A' hinge.
Well, if it does, it's all "good luck"
—not good farming.
Thorough Culture.
i rfMfniJhl of 1)1 f -unify fFotFttian
For many years I have argued
that the whole of the I'nitcd States
would If more prosperous, and the
farmers In- able to take life easier
and make more money, if they would j
not cultivate so much land. I have
continually written nbout the jicrtna
nent grass lands in Kngland, which
pay a great deal better for lying per- 1
Iftuaily in sod composed of nil the
best native varieties, and never plow- |
od. This is no new thing, or any ,
experiment on a small scale, but a
glorious fact on such a magnificent
scale, as to astonish every American
who g'H-s to Kngland. He finds that
more than half the kingdom is relig
iously set apart and held sacred from
the plow, and hay is made of siu-li
fine quality as t< surprise men who
have been accustomed to think tin
old grass land in Kngland was all
pastured. " When it is considered
that in addition to half the country
Is-ing in permanent grass, there are
clover and other grass crops which
come in rotation on the arable land,
and also that one-sixth to one-fourth
of all the plowed land is in roots
every year, all which are eaten by
cattle and sheep, it is not wonderful
there is so much wheat and barley
grown.
The lx'st land in Kngland is in
grass, such as farmers here could not
re-ist the temptation to take wheat
from. If such land could If kept
from Is-ing polluted by cultivation
ln-re, sheep could Is- kept as they are
in Kngland. The less money obtain
ed for hav and grain the Ifttcr it
would pay the stock-raiser to graze
and grow meat, wool and milk. When
wi farmer has a fine tract of land,
chiefly pasture and meadow, his ex
|s-nditure in lalmr is comparatively a
mere trifle, and in Kngland this is so
well understood that any farm with
the greater portion in old grass is
sought after and rented readily. Let :
every farm with soil suitable for |s-r
--mancnt first-class grass Is- treated as
Knglish land is in the Wst districts,
and I would wager that more than
double the grain, corn and clover;
could If grown on the half of the
farm. The other half (in grass) j
should he the best and deepest soil.
The grnss land in the Kastern States
is that which will not pay to cultivate
for corn and grain.
Let any farmer who rends the
pa|frs and lias common sense
views of agriculture consider that
although Mr. Meelii, who lias a won
derfully good arable farm, lias lfcn
telling the landlords and the tenants
that they ought to agree to plow it
all itp and bring it into rotation with
grain, Acc., and consider nlso that the |
greater part of the Scotch farmers
are averse to permanent grass and
know little about it, j-ct under all
! trying circumstances it is still held
inviolable, and instead of plowing it
|up when hard times come more is
sowed down in properly mixed seeds
to lie kept always in grass. When
grain is low in price it is folly to talk
of plowing up grass which is paying
by supporting live stock ; and if half
of the land, and the Imst half, is put
into grass and never plowed again,
the other half would grow more grain
than the whole did before, thus saving
the labor of attending to tiie whole.
Of course this would not occur all at
once ; it would gradually happen, be
cause all the best | Am i being in grnss,
the other would If attended to nnd
improved.
WHAT'S the use of crying over
spilt milk? It only makes it more
watery.
Ain-jng our Oontemporaries.
A n country-homo Journal no one with
in our knowledge bettor deserve* n place
I si ovory fireside) tbsn tho old Jiurnt Sew
, > •nkrr. It in original, Independent nnd
conscientious to tic* iiighf.i degree, Had in
j nil respect* worthy tho entire confidence of
| il readers. The able imtiiagoriioniof Mr.
Moore, it- founder, lis* boon succeeded by
j one much tnoro nblo. Forms and prove
| dents, so fur n- they interfered with the
entire independence nnd rapid progress of
j the paper, have been discarded, and it
stands to-day alone in a number of Its
j more inqiortant and valuable feature#
Tho company which conduct* it is coin
' posed of a few Wealthy men wlm icsm to
I work more for the purpose of doing g<wi
! titan accumulating riches. Connected with
; the paper are eighty-two acres of ground
devoted to c\|-rirnents and worked in the
interest* of its suhscril" rs. One of it*
i peculiarities is the distribution of seed, and
plant* free to its subscriber*. The details
of this arrangement will he -erit free with
a sample copy of the paper to any one who
will send his name and address to the
Hu.-nl .Veto yi.rl.rr, 78 Ifuane Stn • t, New
■ York.
Tile Amrrirnn I>> iryman devotes 11-clf,
as it* name would indicate, exclusively to
- the dairy Interest* of the country. These
' vast and steadily increasing intere-ts re
quire a representation and voice in the
chief commercial city of the country, ami
this Held the I>nxrt/mnu aims to.w t jpy. In
doing so it set* f.-rth promptly *ml faith-
I fully the conditions of the dairy markets
I of the world, giving in one < omplete vh w
' the range of price, from the producer at
j the dairy or factory to the dometi> <.r
foreign consumer; re|,rt and illustrate*
fully and thoroughly every important im
i provement in the manufa-1 ire of hutt'-r
an-1 cheese ; ( ihli-he. ail inij-.rtant - rent*
in the dairy stock market, d- tailing any
specially notable f*< t dio-u.- the I- t
methods of breeding, fis-ding si.-i rearing
dairy stock : present* in it new. columns
all new rtml significant fa- t, . ( what<-v< r
! nature, concerning the dairy liter !, <f
j the . . -jntry : ar.d in sh-'rt i> n pa; . r wh
no dairyman, large r small, in t e I'niu-d
l Stnt.-s, ran tiff ~ti to .!•. 1 1! uf. In it*
w.rk The Ihi ynnn commands t! - a >l
! ance of tiie ie.t - -filrihiit-.r* and wr ier#
j on dairy t-'pi- which the country afford#
A-Ur'-s all communication* to tli-- Antrim
an Duiryntan, l.x 4,618, Now York.
Good Wagon Roadr.
■ -
rr -m lb# rt.iu.t*l|Ml II r I
.Mr. William ('. Prime, writing to
the New V ork Journal of ('mnmrrri
of a journey through New Kuglanii
by carriage, complains of the had
condition of tin- wagon roads in that
part of the country. The complaint
is undoubtedly a just one, and a like
charge could be sustained against
nearly the entire country. The wagon
roads of Pennsylvania are particu
lar !y had. Ihe Journalof (emonurr f
correspondent traces the neglect of
the country roads to the exaggerated
notions entertained with regard to
tin- ofllce of railroads as a means of
developing interior sections of coun
try. It is stiange that so important
a subject should have received so
great neglect, oqieciallv when it is
considered that generally throughout
the country the rates (> | freight by
rail between localshipping points are
kept at a point but a fraction In-low
the cost of wagoning, the aim, of
course, Is-ing to tax local business all
that it will stand. Once or twice on
some roads the mistake was made of
fixing local freight rates a trifle too
high, which, of course, gave an iin
l>el lis to wagoning, when the rate*
! were at once reduced. The effect of
the railway influence is thus stated by
Mr. Prime: "Hallways have super
ceded in the minds of the people the
need of wagon roads, have led to the
; neglect of these roads, have thus
actually isolates! and cut off interior
| farms and villages from their old
relations to centrnl towns and cities,
' and have Suspended the advance ol
civilization in many localities. All
i over the country wagon roads have
I given place in the public mind to
railroads. Legislators never think of
compelling railroads to replace the
wagon roads usurped by the rail
track, at safe distance from it." He
traces the standstill condition of
Northern Vermont and New Hamp
shire to the abandonment of any sys
tem of good wagon roads, and' adds
that "one of the lest fields for mis
sionary work is the instruction of
I the people in tho value, importance
; and method of making good wagon
l roads. Churches are eivilizers, but a
country church at a crossroads from
which diverge impracticable highways
is a lamp under a bushel. Hood roads
arc great eivilizers. Hood roads make
farms valuable,make farm life happy,
make communities interested in one
another, bring custom to villages,
cities and railways, increase the value
, of farm and other lands, and lie at
the very foundation of the civilisation
and prosperity of a .State." The
early improvement of the wagon
roads is of the first imjiortance to
Pennsylvania. The people of this
Slate need to take counsel with each
other to the end that improved meth
ods of road construction may be
introduced.
ONK-UAM- ounce of salt to the
pound of butler is the rule for salting
adopted by the makers of the cele
brated "trademark" lump butter,
which sells for a fancy price.
From Father to Son.
From lli ■ * in' lihiwll ("otntniffi'lal,
If we are to reach the highest de
velopment of a race of farmers, we
must exjM-ct it through the line of
descent. The son must inherit (lie
fitness of the father, and take up the
calling and business where lie left oil',
and his son after him, and so on.
VS hen this shall become the custom
in our farming families, then ahull we
sec greater stability In society, and
a higher type of civilization. Kvery
parent has the chief power to bring
this work about. The very independ
ence of the farmer's life in to be
the germ which develops a race that
| cannot he other than an independent
people. Our nation is to achieve its
greatness in the development of agri
culture. its power at home and
'abroad is to he established ami held
| through the arts of husbandry, prac
tised by a skillful and virtuous race
of farmers.
The average size of an iri-di farm
is twenty acres.
Hi/noil, l/r/(o7iiii<- .1 Co., /litrthrtiii Ihithi'H.
HAKDWAKU!
W I I .SON, Me FA IU.AN K CO.
JiKALF.KS IN
STOVES,RANGES-HEATERS.
AIX)
hiinls, oils, lilnss and Varnishes,
_ AND
HARDWARE.
AI.IF*.IIKNY STRUT, .... lit Mi s Bis# K .... BKLLXF'tS TJ I'*
OFFICIAL DIRECTORY.
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WO ION*L WANT FOFTF TNMTNY UNTIL YON ARO |4TRFNRLI?
ANTIOFLOD OF IHHR URATI** IT TWIT LIF I* AXIRTH
! AATING. 4 T*'T .LOLNY IN GTOMG TLNR F*> OTTOI A TRIAL, •
IHHY *• HI WRMJR RURA YOU
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FITS, EPILEPSY,
OR
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PRI. F,T TART. ,T*. *.HT. NR 4 T.IXRO F.. R ||IT (IN, ROROT
HR NULL TO AN, |WRI OF TH. RMTROT HLATRO nt OTMA,
ON RRO.I(>L OF J>TT. R OR HR ~|>RROM T' (T 0. AHHTRAA
ASIL A HOBUINH,
3W 4LT.>N CTRROT, RR KL;N, N. T.
Time They Began to Learn.
Vn* ff \m%u\ MM) H"m*.
'I he twaddle about fanners keeping
out of polities in altogether too
earnestly pn—ed in home rpiarters to
mom disinterested. it is disc reditu
lile in any mail riot to the
diitieaof citizenship, but especially in
the agriculturist. Congress, tbrougii
liia careless five million votes, is
crowded with bunk directors,lawyer*,
moneyed-men and professional politi
eiaiiH—but rarely a farmer. The
bankers keep a shaip eye on bank
lawn, and the lawyer doe* not pur
posely neglect his professional in
terests as bills come before him.
lint excuse can there be for the
. great army of land-owners and land
tillers. HO sadly misrepresented at
present, to continue their indiffer
ence to public affairs Is it lrecausc
"they do not understand these mat
ters?" if so. it is time they began
to learn.
Never let a cow go into winter
'piarters in a poor, thin condition.
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| r rHE CEXTHK DEMOCRAT
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