mmm? trf&J J kijff" r kT i?t'gi y m''"r ! f 1& r . ; -O b" firw :.r 111 Euemns public We&ger rUUUC LEDGER COMPANY I crnt'3 u. k. dims, rittn"T Jehn CJ. Mirtln. Vice l're5lt!nt anJ Treaatirars Chtrlri A. Tylr. a-ere-taryt i-hsrl" H. raiding;. fen. Philip 0 Cellins. Jehn II William', Jehn .t. puritfen, (lterce I', Goldsmith, David H, Hmlley, Jl rectors AVID B. SMIt-nV... .. . .IMIter JDH.V C. MAmtS.,, Ocntral Itulnra Manager Published dally nt Tittle t.ner.n BuiMltn Independence Square. I'hllu.d-li)ila. 'A'tANTie CiTt rrttn-Vrien I'lilMIn rfrw Vexk . lilt Mndtnn Ave- DrmniT 701 Fer. I Hull line T. Lecta 013 Ulebt-Dcnncrat llullJlr Cntctoe 1302 Trthune Bulldlntf XKW1 11LT.KAVS WiatltJciTON Ihkeu, N I for Venn) Ivan1 Ave and !4lh Ft. Ifiw Yeric UtmcAt . 1 tin ftim IIu Mint EtOMxiN lltmic Trafalgar JJulldlnr buum.ilii liu.s li-iilla: -T:. EvrsiSd I'VKHO l.ljr ill ecv,l 10 tub' trltra In l-nllaile ihia. unci turreundlnir town t tli rate of u.tlj 11.) tenia pf vk, pibl te the carrier. By mall te re-lnts eutaMei of riitladelrh'a In the t n'tnl y a'ei i'unaln r ftuie I Kiat" t-n-Jsaalena, reitace free fifty IJOl centa per month. Bit ($01 ie hir per .ear pa( i t ivarce Te nil rerltai ren-t'lei nt il .' i i n month Neticic- Sulirlhr v .nhlrit adieu charge! KDUit give, eiil a vc-t u n vlj-ei BFtX, I0M t UNIT KFv.TOr. xtus iet EZAilJrcs r I rn. r- p fnf ei fe 7 -Mlti0 teb til l.'dqrr ii Jprnrf..ti . v;,fir 'I ( (lilt pMi. Member of the Associated Press THE AiSOC'lTm rRFSl H r.e'Mtr'j tn flfleej tn the i or rrptil) ira'i 1 1 of oil iihim tllspatch'i cr'Jiftl te it v tint nthrru ir rifilfffii in this t'l'". di' "''- ( f Ji"I "'.ii iniblishcd therein. All rfelili e rep ib m'.ei e' pec il rflspufcift AffflM nri it rt s.rtfW. I'liiliilrlphla, TlmrlT. Uclnkrr l:. l';j AN IRREPARABLE ACCIDENT WATLINC or Cnt Island or Sim SaUa SaUa der is the .rtMii' 4!!0 M'liri nue tednj . of the unfnri1 Ions lift step in tlie mnkliii; of 100 per rout Aini'iH'iint. It hat ni'ver bffn u ''os' fi,I! rxlnir.nl !a forflgners heuld law had 'e nun h te de with ihm event or win lil'.'efv is -n i niMlnij in te 4wrll hi en the fin I. In tlo.ei".i nt ("'iristopher ('"lumbii-. tliit Bis Un 7i' i I tali in. it in b'" aid. lnw lnw ever, th.it In -eiral tcrpceti he w.'i mi ware of whit he was duins. lie knew net Vhat land he had found and no one can Identify with tertuinty the particular islet of the It.ih.inu en which lie first set feet nd planted tue stiudird of a I'urepe.in xnenarchj . Hi' I tie let 'hat th" world was laificr tlinn hi Im ii;i'..iiie I'nt'ci'pt of it .'Mid Ii1 didn't eeii n w what d.n it ' i-. a I'lidn I'lidn I'lidn reforisier h'Uiii Mibsi mil ntl pieiil '.hit it wa Uflol.er '. net (liteh.T 1'.', "i wuh the epe' lml 1 mdi'i w.n ,tiit'd N '. J'C dniiriil .i- le was subseijnrntlj i tln-d. inn. Het he Mani'd ler intredui ins tereiirner here, fei he theiicl t h" was in Aii It i mi .ticidi nt tni'H'te'e. w icl. ha resulteJ in thi th ed of outsiders in tin- i eiititienr. There is letup? .it h.l-t ill Inetip'it If Bele I- i iiiil, i is sull j iimi!i e t" join the vei Med inii.i Lielil tu Au. 'in uni'e liie Indians. TYRANNY" OF A MINORITY F ii )K tli" ; f'in.i i i'.u nd in i i e ii el itien. t- liiixe bi n n Minnti'Mlh Ii.u I" en Kint lain in the i,iiim created At leas te I'lulndelpluiiis h-ue b"e i tell, nd llies- win aie ,..i .i;iii'lj fiinilla' with rlie I isje-j of t'le'r i.wn nuuininuy piny lie said te hae s mie dun notion or the ftnt that n ti pj;'.' f . libeiM and in defeiT-e of ripubl cm .t it niens wa en e cundiii tul bete That liUfif", wts r 'eng tinte ase Mele than half "t the ett.7Pns of M5MK ii',e In pi"sent-ilaj I'h hi 1' U ' i l are net Intel s-ted in ileetmiii. 'l'hr I. a' e reM-aled their CelleMiie li mpi I'inu nt I" n'ceptin loin lein pnr.ir iii-tnni'i.scii 1 1 as tic p'-.-iltv for Bpii-n'psir ,tiun. AicerdInB' te the otirellmo-u llgnres t the three registration da' ', maie "lIT.Otifl i.ef- ) ter will be entftitd te . si ballets en Ne- Tenibei 7 'I lie immatr w i" h-ne kaLrinetd their ri-lit is II-sO.OUO 'l'heie i ni'Ch.ii '.ew hi this i-l: l.ifen. Mh'ii'i ri spite nf 1'iTei.s .,f the organiza tion and ' inibli.'-s i.ted juzen, itn t'liiiewhat ei se tbuii that of last jenr. I'lie diep in nuisti itlmi 'In- iii. 'mm is tl..0.i. Tlie eemiiiuti ' f a wl)"h is hnpi v aid pinspore s A niijei.i of !' fitl.'ii H centiiit i be ri'ui 'i n irinriM If the distrain bisi'd de ii"i ifl t'.ls "rjrj'irn." does It I'e'ioe i el!s wlme pewei. nr tint t iti.eisl, iiifiea-'d te b"ieiue Tie.irle sl' ft itel aben the shewing'' CHICAGO'S MAN OF LETTERS CIIII'A(ti) lias ions b'fn pnnid ii Kugrti" 1 .ml 1 lejnriis it im a ' em r te proof that 1. is a HiTirj n titer, nnd net im relr a ceniiiierc. 1 initrupulW absorbed in th" pur suit of the dell IV I'erisf ipirntK the oreotion nf a monument te his i te'tierj v as in. lliihl'1 from the dav of his deat.i Tip inoiiuiiient was unrein n In l.inie'.i I'.ii'a en .Mendni Ir li.is t:iU n tlie form t of a poet shimj ,n a tiled. la the mood with Ids t.'iser en Ins brew, the kind "f i thins that would nave been ere t.vl a Ci Herat en or two nge; t lather i tlie fiRiir" of an an'il bendinc o'er two sleep ini; rhildi'ii diepplns llni'T" upon tie m This i, tie Kind of mem .rial that weild ll.lM' ileied 1'ield la nself Its littliss js ui'li as te i "is" persons win hare been m the li ihit ' f ii'un; it ll e enlti.re ,,f tlie iity en the hl.i te wonder wnntier t n liave net bei n iiiisjudh'iiii.' t in feminuniti THE HOME ACCOUNT FIRST A' IlIKUdll nuitibers ir indluilual i iiiitnfiiiis lne linn bv tin meai.s m'lte. Jt must In ndiiiitte I that the pnbln' as a liele has ' iMi' I the -ulij.it of (.erinan repaiatnins t. the I niNd stiite with lndif feiein e and tin en etn It ha b- en Ihit'er lnc te m lf-rlsl "en iifss ti ns.eit that Aliieina nslteil for tintliln and rtecnej aethliiK from li.e World War This gisture of ii ii'iin iatieri however, has in b" n made h the ibnerninent. "nnd tin te I- no i isnn, eieti. from the standi elnt if tin most rinlnd ineial, why it sbenld be The bill fur barman depre dation ii s ii tw the prepi rtj of tills do' de' fi"niitiit and it's nationals is of ipnte con cen Iderabte uiopertion 'I In re are also eiiilms erlKinatinc in the nuitialltj pi nod, ;,ur tlenlarly these in lonneetien with the Lusi tnnia tmitcdx It is t" ill lei mine the anie nit i,f enm enm enm poilMlllen tl 'I the limed (uiitiiiistuni, wlilih held Its llrvt "I'ssimi ilj, wuh m the tjtnte Vepm tun nt. ha been funned. The pro pre pro deiiiinnn e of Anie,rb nns en t'm bedv In fitireH ill" lieield et p.efeienie te this ieiin- try in il sputed i iim s. Within a month, when the i blef Herman Coniinls-ieiii r, )r. Kiessi lbai li, bus nrrhed here, home of the prtiliinlnaries will be dis peteil of and the etperts will be enabled te proceed te detailed etaniiiiallen of imthent'c dilimip'e ilnliiis. The i ffeet of earh den IriiH nnd the li'.in;; of a i emii nuaUeii total la prespeit a mere tillle (enipiueil villi tliOfe of the major nurepenn I'uwcrs, nltlieugh i mining i"1" "'"" nilllln. inaj CajlteelMlbl lime mine beaiinx upon the hAl I'einiilev renarntlens luetletl WsA An we me hiliidlliiK our own end of tli" W" ' tnUemiilty piebletn sepnniulj ami In tie. Er" ronlnnee with tlie Iiim" inm luner.i of the mi prjel-HeBc Tieulj of I'.IUI. the ri'ltietnne . , l the (Jevcriiiiient te partiilpate niitherl RiWc i.... i- a... ...i. .., ',,.ttti Vf S U, UUTOiy 111 inn ii.'iiiiiiu - '""-'u'l ui ?. AUieu Ir cepiprehcnsible. Hut when the '??MjEiwfccujJiU has been exprfMed Jn explicit WN ft JsWW -WhiU be rid of nn ebjtncle te ptes- fw ress In the general situation. It may fellow that our nprcsciitntive en the Kurnpcan eoniinUslen, who lias thm fur been merel an observer, will be lnvcstid with power for aelien. The prnpret of Mich a thangc In our re lations with Kurepe has neural times been rumored. If It should come, the conjecture may be hnzarded that our own account with (icrtnaiiv will net bcfe the iistle. Mr. Hughes has frequently exhibited a taste for considering one international prob lem nt a time. The method lias worked well and there Is little reisen te suppose that it will net be further applied by the State Department. A GOOD COAL COMMISSION FACES A YERY HARD JOB Will the President's Fact-Findinc Heard Sujfgeht Mentis for Fuel Ship ment by Wire? rplli: first dutj t: the fnct-liiidins Ceal Commission jmt named bj picMdent Ilnrdlnz will he te locate a new basis for naflsfaitmj wace and werkms ncrfeineni it the mines hi fore the ewstinc mti'iacts between operators nnd miners Ktmlnate in AliKiist, i'.e,i. L'ntil Mich a li. I j is estab lished the reuntrv will lime te n-iKen with the possibility of another coal Ml ike as rcnerally distrtnfhe ns the one lecentH ended Itut the new fonimisleti i difi'ient fiem al' elliets t'ut Ii.ne preiedid it III tli.lt il is net a bend ,if arbitration or tin n'em devised te balance the liiteiests of minei and mine ewnet. It lias seinctluns of the aspect of n (irnnd Jury concerned inclu sively with the liiteiests of the public and determined te cim' te the operators and the miners no mere consideration than should be theirs bv t.sbt of Itlrenship It was the Inteiitien of the 1'ie.nh in if it was net the Intention of t'encress ihnt the people should at lat knew all the truth about tiie coal industry The baffling mists rhat obscure the original cause3 of mine trlkes should new be cleared aw a v. Thus the new commission will be exported te define exaetlv the relationships that persist between coal-predurlnc and ceal-uarrylnc Interests, the expense te the consumer of the practice of maintaining nlsh-nist" mines threuch prii e jne's and tlie tin 'or vilii'h tend te make n il-m'iii'i a m numl Industry with leu,; prieds of cnleKfd idle ness and censeqtKiit uiitest It vi!l be ieciiird te bain hew detplv i be producers are inteies'td !n tlie refill. iir of ieal. It will be asked le ep!a n tlie part that union labor has ren," te play ns a monopolistic power jointly Interested w th mine owners in keipinp prices, I ,gli And .; will be ab'e te dcimmstrn'e th ttutli or in. 'ruth of the rhnrcc that the hljch ,et of etI is In a large degree the high ms if technical Ineflicienci in die puiuinc ami distributing system. It is generally agtd niii rig semi'ili' men tint a stirvev of tlie coal bus less fiuci tlie "in till lip. If It were te lie tlli.l.illgll enough te preicb a basis for unis.i!!ah! pi itniples - tbe snrr noedts.1 te g'.ide fuii gress in i'n futuie. would lequhe a' leas' a j' ir or a jear and a ball' ('"itai'ilv ir would requite meie than the ,s.OO,000 which Congress appropriated for tlie vurk of the new (etnt nssiun. 'I he I'-e-ident ceis'steniy and b.s tend it tenuous aje ag-im apparent In tl.e tl.ar a ter of t'.i" euimlsslun's prsennel. Vet i ae of ' e members inn be suspected of par t.siiulnp with cither of the contending groups in tV mine fie'ds. The appoint appeint tr.nt of i.eoige Ons Sinnli. director of tli" iifo'eelc."l Survey was an act fei whkh Mr Hardin.: cannot be tee highlv com cem ir.nded. Tin. Cieolegical Suriev is purelj fientifii' i on-pelitu al. magnificentl?. efli efli dent and brilliantly administered What ir dees'-'t knew about mines and mining li t w.ir h 1 r.ewing Jehn Ilnjs Himmend .s an Impatinl student i f s, lmtitle realltie. Mr. ANeliub i I-ir l)n ne and Mr. N ill hne had long chorien"' with the teihnique of Indiistr -il adjustments Mr. Marshall and Mr. Hew, II ire noted for tinir Interest in. the set i il .mi! humane sides of great publh quest. ens Ir seems icgrettable that the President wns unable te hae upon his commission a nun as deeph informed nbeut the fai ters go -ernlng tiansportatlen as Di Hnery H. Jehnsen, of the Cniversitj of lenni 'vania, hnse help the Administration seems tn have gnat. desired. Hut I'r. Jehnsen is absinr fiem the leuntry en impeitant missions nnd Congress has demanded tin' th" com cem rrisMnn make Its fust lepnrt ri JinuarT. Ir will have until August te mmp'ete Its vor', Tlie ieal question, se , 1 'ed ' nnr r.etutllb a question of coal It is i iiist,nu of transportation. Tii" rest i' nr'luantq and bituminous nr tl.e mines ,s relntuely negligible nnd contributes 'erv s,.glit y te the burden of the ultltmte eons met It ir the handling of coal that is ens' r ('nnl Is leaded into nrs nt tie mine, chipped te retnillng en'ers and unleaded at hterage jards. 'I here ,t is li.Ribd and trucked around ie no rnnsunvrs and shoveled into bins and nhir it lust it is shoveled out again in the lurni of nshes, leadid in wagons agiun and uirted nw.iv, The cost of handling ern h trm (f Cel is mere than twice tl,e tn.t of production, preparat'en and leaning nt the mines, Naturall). therefore the fi'er-findlng commission will gne a geed deal of atten tion te tlie general pieblem of trinsportn trinspertn tinn. H Kheii'd ruipiise no one If uh final reports are of n nnolutienan i hnraetcr. It mnv advise tlie piili!i te prepare with nil possible speed tn ship Us coal bv wiie. That miracle ,s je.sib'e I'm, n It were possible te establish great rleetrle power stations at the mines, light, beat and power could he delivered gener'illj at low cost In areas new dependent en coal ent by fieieht. 'I he Natien's enl would be eon- served. And the enormous handling lolls" would be eumlnnteil A LOST LEADERSHIP AI.TIKH'iin the presort dwlini'in ship billbling is world wide it is In the 1 nlted States that the contrast between the extraordinary production of the post pest armistice period and the existing slump is most marked A ucrnr issue of Lloyd's Register piesents the figures cenrcrniiijj this lest leadership, revealing the fact that American maritime ascendancy was ephemeral and that nations once Mirpassinir us in ipinntirv construction of ocean vissels have, with the exeptlen of liennnnv, io ie gained the old milking. tlreitt Hritnin is new building M per cent of the world's tonnage. France and the Netlierleiids cemenext, wjth the I'nited States a. bad fourth This country liilced has returned, as a HVEKJLVG PUBLIC UEDGE chipbulldliiic nation, te the Inglorious posi tion it occupied in the years preceding the World War. In ether words the splendid impetus te our shipping has evaporated, nnd vlttunlly no advantage 1ms been tHken of magnificent opportunities for progress. There can be lltlle question that this stagnation is due in pnrt te the uncertainty of maritime interests concerning our com mercial future upon the scbb. Freight and passenger lines are loath te increase their lleets until the fate of the Ship-Subsidy Hill is deelded. An; thing Is prefeiable te the existing doubt. There Is unquestionably a future for for eign tinde under our Hag if nn intelligently and s lentlllcally devised system of assistance and encouragement is made eperntivc. In default of Mich a tonic te cnterpilse it is ctiemcly probable that the United States as a maritime nation will revert te its old inconsplcueu"iiess The general falling off in ship production in foreign count rits is due te a variety of muse, among which is l faction te tlie large output of .vat ds Iniinedintel.v after the war. Hut without passage of the Ship Subsidy Hill. Ameiicau degi iteration i Inmetitablj . Iikclj te pime peiinntielit. WHERE ARMISTICE LEADS THK Turks are said te have been tils maxfd at their inability te Impose their most extieme demand at the Mudunln ton ten ferenie. It is i mn elvable. however, that this chagnii is luerclv ti mpernrj nnd that the 'ii'ind nt exultiten In Angera will be licit d fei a i itisuleiable peiled. Fer although the Kemalists have appar ently thought bitter of challenging the Hritlth Hmpiie te a duel, although the) have renounced their purpose of swashbuckling into Thrace, nnd of dictating te their op ponents from a vielnted neutral zone, they have unquestionably achieved a victory mili tary and diplomatic scaicelj imaginable two mouths age Tilikev in I'titepc is once mine te become a fact I bete is tnjie no (, tenter (Jtcece in Asia Minei and it is inevitable that the scat of an emrire of impiessne piopnitiens will again be ('nnstintineple. as in the days of H.vrnntine dominion. What the se-called Allies have secured by their eleventh-hour accord is the piespect of neutralization of the Dardanelles nnd the Hospenis. The form of control and the details of jurisdiction are te be taken up In a special conference devoted te this intricate and delicate subicet The possibilities e' nn e lense f-csslens en this theme nie man.leld. with the Tin Us i-ige" te take advantage of tli" leiiit sign of dissension between tlie Western l'ewcrs. Only bv the Mime son of i.nimeny and de termination v. libit wen the belati'.l respect of Ismet l'asiia nt Mmlania can the means be found for 'executing nnv plan of interna tional autberltv at tl.e ,stiait The ether convention te be devoted te the fiamuig of a pence tre.itv te iip!ee the pnet of Sevies, j,(lw , nbbens is like-ly te place a seveie strain en rieinh ieieign policy, the eomplexieii cf which appeals te have undergone changes within the last few d'ljs. The Tinkopiiile tactics of the l'oln l'eln l'oln i.ne ministi; are new under senmis sus picion, even In Fans. It is indeed imagi nable that the I'leinier may be lerced into a posit'eti of reversing htmse'lf M imi,v te en en epei ite for the' defense of Kurepc m settliig a limit te otteimn ambitions. T't" pie-sent in mist l ". win, h pmtects 'Ihi.Te fiem the Turkish sehllcrv until a formal trentv Ins been i.ititied. is an cx peilieuc v whleli has unquestienablv ,'iveited war in tin- Near Fast. ISii t the diplomatic weed still te be expleied are thick and tangled Hv the tein, of the Mudaina agieement the- Kemalists ,iM. Siu,n plmip, ,- BO(i behavior fm tlie time being. Considering their immen.e gums, existing and in pun.. poet, tue.v can afford te employ gesture of compliance, wh'le awaiting new opportuni ties at the foitlieemin,' parlevs te icsiiuie that sttategy by which their enip ic lias s ir- V IV eel. PEARL SHF mevs distractedly among ihe shad shad ews of the latest "muiib i mvsury." without f i .ends, bediaggled nnd desperate, as lene.lv i,n antagonist of evei powering destiny a M,.r uns. with a manner et eli name that is, in its utter hopelessness, lar meie pitiful than tenrs The queer callousness c.f , , ,, eonscieu and self-conc Ions town w. s around her like a dungeon wall. 'll.e v,,r touched Iter heavily when Rhe was nlimt feurteen: tl rough 'soldiers who pas.cd through" her cemmu.'iitv. At fifteen s) f hecms le have ben helpless piey te tic wolves that in hablt Ihe peer, ungitnided sm-as nf ail big and little cities. '1 lie (ininh and s, u.tr seem net te have been meteiy unaware of I'carl She didn't niten st "tl;em. '1 liev were slmplj uncaring. Ne one was shocked when, whimpering and terrltbd, she passed night after night heltuiij be,- father te walk off bis violent drunks Many people v ill lift righteous eyebrows and grieve for what rhev w'll call the wickedness' of this iie;'ei.d child of tlie social wilderness why, vhen s (. wanted te escape from nilserv, could think enlv of pistols or the can il x et n is net 1'cail. but communities which permit ehildien rc be afflicted ns she was that ought te be sumuieufil bj tlie pi.b'i' pros ."uier and subjected te a merciless third ebgree te ele terrnifle the lessens for tlmr appalling social Incompetence THE GREAT AMERICAN HEN ml I AT Ameiican Isolation is a pnltticnl X term latli'-r ti.an an ,u m.i fur is evi denced bv our teriiit pair.c ipntlen n the affans of India nnd out prospective par par par llolpatleii in the iifTnirs if l.gvpt Though the American Invasion ban se far excited no political comment . it must net be thought that the silence of diplomatists In due te the fact that the" Invaders are members of uneilh ial bodies. On the contrary. The Government in Washington heartily ap proves of the work they plan te de Perhaps the diplomatists have kept still because the majority of the members of the delegations are, in n manner of spenking, in themselves n man. ft station of the femin ist movement, and there Is a sort of feeling extant that thi movement somehow transcends nationality An hew, the one thing cut tain Is that neither lu Washington nor in the capitals of Kurepe Is itcxpected that complications v ill ensue Net even Heilm can .eent trouble Pennsylvania, be It netel, bns peculiar intciist in the mevnm-nr It was betn, you see. in Pennsjlvnnin .State College Ka'trn. lu fact, all the delegates we-re born theie; forty-eno bens and roosters that were pent te Indin some time age nnd have already given a geed account of themselves; and the tliliteen b"ns and two roesteis (white Leghorns i new mi their way te Khartum in the Sudan. Who knows? They may nllnr insurgency by providing insurgents with eggs for their b'renUfust in the meiriing. 'A penti sived is a ,Je'l for the penny enuiecl ' is hardlv Maxim Mengers applicable te the ease of the Vevv erk mendi cant with a thousand dollars in the bank. "Yeu have- meie menej in ihe bank than I liax," mid tlie magistrate, who sent him up for tliirtx lnjn. And, somehow, few will deplore the svvl't kick acqultcd bj the tluift OiiV fellow eel fnvxnin?. V PHILADELPHIA. THUKSDAY, OCTOBER 02, A BEN. FRANKLIN STORY He Invented the Marine Testing Tank, According te n Rare Letter Is There An thing New Under the Sun? "Was Sol Sel Sol omon Might? Ky CiF.OWii: NOX McCAIN IS THKRL' nnytbing new under the sun? Solemon nnsvvereil the query mero tlinn "000 years age when he declared: "Theie is nothing new under the iid. Geerge l- Spreulc. Director of tlie De partment of Wharves. Decks and Ferries. Indicates a verification in modern life of Solemou'd words. In nn nrtlcle in this column written fiem Devenshiie. Fnglaiul. recetitlj, 1 Mated that Kebcrt Fulton was the inventor of the sub lnnrlne. Dliectnr Spreulc new points out thnt the inniitie tank, supposed te be a product eif modem inventive genius, is net new at nil. It Is K'i'J ve.ms old. lienjiiiuln Franklin was the inventor. It is a forgotten nc lilevenieiit In the life of the gient Ameiican. ( Franklin, who invented il for use in an expei imciit. calb-d it n "towing tank." Vew it Is nnv kind of an experimental lank or iiilnlattne waterway, II is priuclpall.v Usui le test model vessels and their appliances, BFNMAMIN" FHAXKL1K gave the facts in a into Utter te Di. Jehn Pringle. of Fiiglnnel. Pringle was later piesnlcnt of the Hoyal Seidell . This is the steiv : While en a tilp in Helland 1 ranUlin no ticed a variation in the speed of the canal beat in which he traveled. The boatman told him thi was due te the variations in the depth of the canal. The explanation did net satisfy him. When lie returned te Fnglnnd lie decided te test the ttuth of the Hellander's state ment. Ae inrdi lglv he hid a leugh wooden bes or (tough made, fifteen loot long. It was six inches wide and six inches deep and calked te held water. lu this he fitted a pl.ink se that by laising or lowering It he could vary the depth of the water. Then he had a model beat constructed. Jt, was n toy nihil: kix inches long, two and one-teurth indies wide and one and ene-linlf inches deep. It drew euie inch of water nnd had a silk towing cord attached te the bow. This was run ever a biuss pulley nt one end et tin- tank nnd weighted with a shilling piece. WIIF.N all was leiulv fm the experiment Fianklln letind that be had no wati'h with which te ineasuie the e'apsed time of the beat's movement thteugh (be (link. He overcame this though, us he tells in his letter, bv counting inpnllv and keeping count of the ten en hi lingei s. It was ti most primitive attempt te airive nt exac t facts. Ile made a number of expeiimenls with vOaler nt v. it ions depths 'Ihe depth via icgul.ited bv ialing and lowering the faNe bottom or plank. Investigation proved that tlie Helland boatman was right. The lime varied ns the se-ics 1(11, Sfl and "!. when the water under the te,v be it was I1- inches, -J liichrsi.iiiil -1'j inches deep. Thus the fust tank for expei intents with models of vessels came into existence. THC 'penny-Iiftbe-slet inncbinc." the gum i he-wets' delight and the peanut levers friend of recent eai. usually is le garded as an invention of recent years. It is L'OOU .vears old. Vending machines were known te the ancient Fgjpti.ins. There Is evidence thnt a co n -actuated machine was in use in Lewer Lg.vpt bufeie the Cliristnln era. 'I ben it was t seel te dispense liquids for sacrificial pin poses. PieMininblv it operated pist as the np paiatus in ccitnin of eui lcstaurants, where the customer dieps a dime and pulls out a plate of soup or a triangle of pumpkin pie. Here of Alexander was (lie Inventor or reputed inventei . The body was a vase villi a bllt in the top. A e eln diepped depressed a lever mo mentarily, which inise-d ii plug fiem the mouth of a pipe. Ail liquid in Ihe pipe Hew eel out at its mouth. Whether the vasn was filled with hoi water or some censecialed liquid used in sacnllce Is net new known. IN THF ttritMi Museum there ate slmples of linen as fine a nnv turned out led.i from the looms of lrelnnd. The nie x lappings en mummies that had been buried ter .."0) .veil On the deer of a temple in the Reman Fei urn is n lock still in use that vas put then- 1S00 eai age. Microscopes weie known te the ancient Hnb Ionian. Lavard. while excavating nt Mneveh, found cylinders of !av with cuneiform in scriptions se fine thut they icquired a micro scope te read them. Reck crvstnl microscopes were used for this purpose. One of these was found In the palace of Nlmred while excavating the structuic IT WOULD seem that we nie slmph re re disceveiing piinfiples that weie well knew ii ages age. In the matter of read engineering we am but little if any ahead of the ancients The Peruvians bnd (he most magnificent rends the world ever saw. Their public: liigbvvn.vs were built en mild masonry. One of these, the longest perfect read In the (hen known world, extended from (juite nnd Ciuco into Chile, Most of their reads ran through a moun tainous eeuntrv. Thev were twenty-five feet in width and inieiidninied The mm adam consisted of pulverbed stone mixed with lime and bituminous cement. Uften ler leagues thev weie hemmed In bv walls six feet thick. 'Miles and miles of these highways were hewn fiem the solid lock and the fients of precipices. The woven fabrics of Peru nt the time nf its discovery were of finer ti'xture unci wiave than anything then known in Kurepe CATTLH branding en our Western ranches is, meiapherh nllv , old ns the bills, Fai mers and stock ini.ers in Fgjpt (Jf th0 Ptelemies manned ineir came Fver owner had bis private mntk and number as well. At the I'nlversitv of Pennsylvania Mu seum are evidences that in Itnlnlen thrv had bankers and money lenders. Their cuneiform clay tablet letters and nc counts testify te this fan Lnnciani. the antiquarian, lolls us (hat in Reme they had storage warehouses and safely vaults. We consider these ns convcntc-nces pecu liar te our present nge IN THF mutter of science we modems Imve nerbaus innile the most nrozress . And M't the burning glass, the pendulum, nrtilieinl incubation, malleable glass, Kun. powder and the ufe of rcruc-nt in vast en terprises were known te the ancient, The Iiiwb "f gravitation nnd of rentiifugnl nnd centripetal lerces were known Skeletons found in Peru indicate that (he InceK had a nude knowledge of cranial surgery. Dentlntr in a rough win was practiced in old KBil't- ,,,.,,, Plate taught that tiie eaiih was leund. Origen taught Hint theie were a multitude of worlds and (bat ours was one of the smallest and meanest et the gient gnbu. Women have mine in(e their own, snvs Judge M'O- ntilU wp utc pleased te ob serve, IUH?" " J wing any puddling. IF A jzy -"l---- ..--UfL.' I'tfP mm liWSU"." - -4 q ' i n -,Miir,l..es-.n. 1 . ' T" iSatmMM - . .. . ! m ll3t-l ' ' -. , rA' r'.rJ'-l'fJ . ..i--r' -wi .lss!r--,is. Fyij HfimilSWy ' jriMnn m jajjjpi jtTTr . ' .s ,nmjJCM'i-e !iJ-: S ' Ttr' rra-r-' .ItniiJiiMA' HW'A.I'. rsrrny. rj t; rtJ!x ir.. rlisr" rv? .- pT.HfaTitrriigLrrij.ffg!jiiuj.i:."nr ' '. ' rfcllf1ahlfc2irr -tfCiir. sr i " )( wall' - NOW MY IDEA IS THIS! Daily Talks JJ Thinking Philadelphiatis en Subjects They Knew Best Ex-GOVERXOK FDWIN S. STUART On Philadelphia's General Development PHILADFLPHIA lias shown a eivi.' de velopment alnie.t equal (e her eoui eeui liieiciiil and economic piegie-ss ill the lat fifty veais, ucceiding te feliaei (lovi'inei Kdvln S. Stuait. who for neiil half a century has been In the foiefrent of cveiy movement te better the city. "This pregiess is slienplv shown bv a compailseu of lite opening of the Civil War with that of the recent Wetld War." said former Geveinm Stuart. "Tlie spirit of patiletlsni wit jut as stieng then ns at the beginniiig of the late war. but at that tune tl'eie weie diflicillties which did net exist when our cetintiy decided te eutei the wai In 1017. In the latter instance, the senti ment of Philadelphia was practicall.v a unit for the win. but thi was net the case at Ihe time of tlie Civil War Volunteers Versus Di.u't "At the; beginning of ihe Civil War. all the seldicis weie volunteers. Piacticallv all (be xeung men of the ntv enlisted, and titer' wns'n let of enthusiasm I was a be.v at tiie time, but 1 distinctly lemember many of the Stirling scenes, and, especially the first draft, when the volunteer enlistments began te drop'eff and It was decided te rais.e troops by draft. "The first poren drafied in Philadelphia was a man named Rvnn. 'Ihe elhee of the Provest Marshal was en Locust street be tween Twelfth and Tliitteentb, wheie the litunes wcu drawn fiem a wheel. At fust Iheie was considerable opposition te the dinft. "Philadelphia was by no means a unit for the war. There vvete main tics of family ami business te the Seuth, and theie was a fairly ptreng pint element In the city v hich was 'opposed te taking up arms against these te whom the.v weie t elated, either bv bleed or commerce, 'I he I nien 1 eague of Philadelphia, which was fei med nbeut thli time, did much te erystallie patrlelic senti ment for the T'nlen and brides this mlsed nine regiments bv its own endeavors. The Sending of Substitutes "Men who weie drafted had the right te send substitutes, riiing them for thou- seiv. ices, and almost even cit and count in the Slate paid a bounty for enlistment. As T lemi'iuLer it, .10 wns (lie nveinge. al though some paid meie nnd a few went as high as S.'OO ev even .$1000 for three .vears' service. This led te the evil of the MkiuiiIv -jumper'; thnt is, men who toel: the bounty and then did net enlist. "A comparison of that time with the cud-i which maiked the dr.ilt ami enrollment fei service in the late war will show what I mean when I say that (be eltv has developed materially in the last fiftv .xears. "I remember also clearly the airlval of the sick nnd wounded soldiers, They weie all brought into the city nt Ilrend and Puni'i streets (new Wnhlngten nvenunl, and the old volunteer fire companies did much te as sist. These companies all bad ambulances, te which (be fire horses were ntlaclied, and which ennveveel the soldiers te the vnilnus hespituls. The call 'IMV was (be signal that n train would arrive nt a certain time, and a xast crowd iilwnjs greeted them. The Political Situation "The political situation is n geed bit better than It was half a century nge. Pbiladel phti I an intensely Ameiican eilv, far the most se of nny of Ihe grent American cities, and (be ideals of ifnl Ameiican life, both domestic and political, have reached a higher point here than any place else among the gieat settlements of the I'nieii, "In these) dn.vH the gieatest number et feriifiii-lxiin iltucns were fiem Ii-eliind. Theie are many morn forelgn-bem eitiens new, but, 1 believe, net meie piopertlonalely te the population. Many of the most useful and patriotic lti7eiiH with whom I have coine in contact bnre been men who came hem in search of the opportunities of IM. vnneement nnd growth guaranteed hv (bis country. They became le.vnl American's, bnd respect for the law and their children have become the hist tvpe of Anieilcnii citiens, "In thore days there xvas n utieng minority party, nlvavs a geed thing for civic wel fare, Pelltlcnll, theie were about (he sumo contests ns new and there was little dif ference in party spirit. There wrrn pretty Sneh tfi same cluiigcs of coiiuptlen. but en, theie were what were called gangs of 1922 COLUMBUS CAME BACK- Scl-fiS2a -jniiiisMJrzZssrA -& - jm " " . ! r -- - """SV .-A. ijj . . -" -i-'s- ' , '--"si.-.. . ." .. .Ji"" - mP". . . -jr.-w- .. . .-v ,.iu"T"-U- rzv.i '" ii-. W1 tl. "V- 11 -JU- "V- BUC ,.-- i. ..' 'icpenteis': that is. men who went from poll te poll nnd voted at each plate. "This, teduj , Is practically lien-existent, and the tiling which has done tin- most le step it has been the Pelseual Hcgittiitimi Law. lint then then- was a sufficiently Mieiig Demeeiatii' Pint in the city te make it a ceinpniativelv easy matter te elect one or mere of the opposition candidates. "Hut one thing politically lias net changed and that is the ability of the people te get .nist what they want nt (lie poll; if they de net get what they want, then Ibev get just what tbe'.v cleseive. It is all up te the people themselves. Many thousands of our people- de net seem te understand the im im pettaiue of the tranchise which thev enjoy and which no one can take awav tiem them except themselves l,j theli failute or neglect te legmicr and xete. "Tbcic is no such disiiicler aieund the polling plan's new a there wits thin, nnd, in this lespcct alone, ihe ndvanci-ment of the ity has been tieiiie ndeiin. lint the Pel -sennl Registration Law has done mete than any etJiei ene thing te pres-ive the sanctity et the ballet . It wns adopted for tlie pio pie pio tectien of tlie man who votes, and if he thinks it in ten much tumble te ontell once a year, he is nt A glJ0,i tItizpii. 'I he Public .Schools "Anether immense advance Ins b-en In the school buildings and the curiiculum of the public schools. The- buildings are much liiiei and mere comfei table than the teachers of lift joins age enje.ved, but the teachers of these old da.vs weie just as leval and de voted le their weik and get geed results. Many of them did net have college degrees, bur the.v weie patient, li iid-werking. in telligent, prattle n! pm-eiis and undeistoed new ie get ineir message across Ameticn ewes a great debt of giatittlde te the teacbeis of these ,avs, who were the pioneers, as well as le the teacbeis of tins present, who hnve taken their places under much better conditions nnd cnviiennient. "A gient lunnv of these who cril!ci7e the public siiioels and tell hew the should be run are persons who never attended them and knew little about the problems and noth ing of these who attend these schools and of these who were the pieduets et them. The public schools then, as new. weie vastly concerned with the kind of ciluens lliev tinned out. ' Attitude te City Government "The attitude of the citizens tevvaid tiie city geveinnienl was just the same as it is new. I here hnvn been a couple of excellent changes in the leim, brought alieut. first hv (be- Hnllitt bill, and then bv the new ritv Chiuter. Fermeil nil the departments weie under tin- eontiel of different ethUnls. and thlb tieubli'Mitne political situation has been smoothed out a little by these two changes "When u iiiaii Is en the- outside n' jg nlwa.vs easier for him te threw luicks than it is for the man en the- inside ir, ,ui. them. Am position where the ellieial comes Inte constant contact with the people i n haul one I leinember when I walked un Hiead street the tirst elav alter the expira. turn of in leim ns Miner. I was then an e-Ma,vor of Philadelphia, and the stieets had nut looked se ilitt for four .veais as they did that meinlug. The respe'nsibllitv for tliem as nn official was gene. "Huslness men in government positions nie all light when the mini lias knowledge of government business, in ;l private bust ness, the bend of it ma give eiders and net be lespenslble for them te the public. MN i,,, is in an ellieial plate. Fnlcss he knows geveiniiientnl business mid knows people he will net succeed in office. A innn who 'ins been successful Is better in nil position than one who has net been successtul, but If he wants te administer public affairs, he must knew governmental business above all." , , r,em Merlin comes the Helping prospectus of the Inter. Russia iiatlrmal Laber Relief Coipeiation, vv h I f. n wnnts a million dollars te enable Soviet Russiu te Inn mnehlnei', tools and law mn teiinl for industrial nnd ngrlniltuial inr. poses. Pnliens of the corpmallen liielude Maxim (mrky. Mexiinillnn llaideii, Anate e 1 lance, tieeige Hrrnard Shaw and iJnten Slnclali. The coiperation mnv or may net prove a slice ess, but It assuti'dlv has cemne. tent ptess agents. Would it be unkind te suggest that it might have meie thnnce If it Uriii tint I ml I,. LMI.,....,B . it i u " fiV..-s-"v" "' " -ucuues nnd lj 7v 'rtteczs. ir- . s. - iiiirT- I II i ii .mi . s.. ' T-.u"" --..j.li"s ri ww A1 ,!1 'M 'tl .-.!. SHORT CUTS Jack Frest is still In the offing. What ever se many voters register h liitiuiercnce. Ne proof yet thnt New Ilrunswlcl tanglefoet bns caught the right fly. The Turk, as we seem te see it, hn licen sternly uiged te take a slice of pi. Ilvciy time a ding nddict thinks he (i selling a com ueai ne cans ter a new deck. Perhaps t)m Sampaio Cerrcia II Is siew in reacinng itie because it Is liepplag en one leg. The citizen who docs net qualify ns a voter tins ,xear will nave nobed.v but mm self te blame. Clcmenc can's American Irln will clanht. less elenienstinte thut he is no saber-teeth! tiger newada.vs. Peltsvllle farmers blame prayers for rain for the Heed that Is ruining their crepl Toe feivent, perhaps. We have it en (he word of the Red Letter Day Specialist that .Saturday next will be all te the cendr. Foity-ene thousand Philadelphia school niiiuicn en part time. May be one waT e( turning out part-time Americans. If Lle.vel Geerge's enemies could only persuade him thnt he Is licked, they mlfbt begin te make some headway. Daugheitv at Canten en Saturday will answer his critics; which, of course, deejn't mean mat lie will satlsf.v or convince than. Tales told of the difficulty reputable businesses have In getting a legitimate supply of alcohol suggest the likelihood that the; iieu t stand m with the bootleggers. ! What De Yeu Knew? QUIZ 1 What Wfla the I.lrrl (sl.inil Ataarttei bv Columbus en his first veyagee total .New world 7 2 What American Stale has the imalli" number e counties.' 3 Wliat term describes three horses har nessed cne in front of the ether? 4. v hat is a i.inarlutuV li What Is a rafale In xvnrfare" 0. Hew does the pelnclana get its name? 7 XX'hllt I ii lirnm- 8 What was the most beautiful and hlgHf prized mnrble used In the farneui temples of nntlqulty? D Where la the City of J'ara? lu Where Is Dismal .Swamp? Answers te Yesterday's Quiz 1. The word parlor Is ilcrlxeel from tjjf Trench "parlelr," a speaking I from the verb 'piului,' te sueaK or talk. I According te the Constitution. ' .e Mw htate snail be fermeil or oiecice in eli. inriajii.ecnr. tt ant- nther btai'i nor any State formed by the Junction of two or mere .States or pnrts e' Stales, without tlin consent of the uer Islatures of the Sllitcs cuiicerneU, v well as of the Congress" , ,, 3 chirm became a republic en l-cbruaryJi' I.ee sT'ltewe Is ellreeter general of (1" Pan-American Union. , ..,,. 6 Hamlet Is the longest part in the snaw snenrean cirania. wun '' ',,n Hlcbard III conies next, with " llnej, followed by lage, with Jlli."n5 6 With Interest, the total sum of UJ".'. Slalnu On, .inmanl Innii til till) AHI-" nineiuitH te about 110,000,000,000. T. Page-PaKO is the name of the. .eP I and Imiber of the American tslanti e Tutulln, In tlin S.nnean gieup u lanels In the Pacllle Ocean The nw; should be pronounced "I'auw-l .in' s In his pcem, "Au Itniiens.- '"v. I.Mten nsserted that Marie ran hoeJoi with a tenor note the seuIb In Pur. tery" Marie was u famous opera tenor of the nineteenth c'nYjfi He was born In Turin or r,e,,"f,in,Tibxtt and died In Heme In 188J. HI"I,JS; in the title rele of "UODeti ie '-- toeic plnce lu fans in is.8- ,,,, sc f u v, ustii'Tei ,i as ,,i.-i, ... ; .a 1 Is lh llmmin l'mlieinr THUS n 0 ". 10 Maximilian, Count xen flpee. Ji man rear adiu'ial vv be iMea iee m Hrltlsh Bciuuilren under Sir , " ",, Pher I'rnildeck of Coienel, e tJi Hint sunk with bis Hiuadren W r.i.,.., ......lml Ult ! rcuii .-i. ivein imp .1 4 . 1 ill L. iimm . .ailj TiiiHii unncr a " ii ; , ",.",.,i, Sturdee off tli Falkland islaniM)' 'CSTAt MflJS- . l .f,am v December I, ill. . Jiiii4L&S.aS' A lA IV'fl" f -r. .L. , . ...
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers