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EVENING PUBLIC LEDGER PHILADELPHIA., TUESDAY,' SEPTEMBER 26, 1922
.
SCIENTISTS OF THREE NATIONS IN RADIO RACE
TO SEND VOICE RINGING AR 0 UND THE WORLD
U. S.. Germany and
Perfection of Phene
France Ala king
Vast Strides en
IV ire I ess Phene
Expected te Bring
?- P '
i ' hi,i II iW w
t
ft
WASH. TALKS,
TO PAR IS AND
HAWAII HEARS'
Arlington Engineers
Use New Device
te Speak te Eiffel,
Tower
rpRANS-ATLANTIC telephony is
an accomplished fact.
It was an accomplished fact meic
than sis years age when the soldier,
of Europe still fought and died in
the first half of the World War.
While bleed flowed, and companies
charged into ranks of prim iron
death, America spoke te Tans en
the telephone, and Honolulu listened
In.
And the world is assured that in
the near future it will be as simple
a matter te call up Londen from
America as it is for Philadelphia te
get New Yerk en the wire today.
Then, indeed, will it be literally
possible for political cries of indig-
nation, perturbation, determination.
te go "ringing round the world." A
statesman at his desk need only lift
his telephone receiver, instruct Cen
tral, and shout!
With the passage of a few years,
Captain Malcolm Deepsea, in his
cabin a mid-ocean storm tearing
the very paint from thc hull of his
"Melly-O" will lift thc receiver
from his telephone and cry:
"Operator! Give me Philadelphia.
Woodland 48M-W. Helle, is that
you, wife? We're having a bit of
leather out here, but you needn't
worry. I'll give you a ring when it
blows ever. Geed-by!"
Or somebody's better half, sum
mering in the Alps, will call up
friend husband in Chicago te remind
Mm net te forget te put thc cat out
nights.
Altogether, it's a gay world, rich
In amazing achievements. And this
newest development by science i
one of thc most romantic. Thc fact
lhat one person can, ever thc tele-
phone, talk te another thousand- of
miles away beggars imagination
"Interesting," Said Grant,
"But Who's Going te Use It?"
When the original model of a tele
phone was brought te the attention
of President Grant, he is said te
have remarked: "It's very interest
ing, but who is going te use it?"
Today gives emphatic proof that a
greater portion of the world uses
It, and, furthermore, premises, new
tnat trans-Atlantic telephony is a
fact, one side of thc world will talk
te the ether side; that n man in
Paris will carry en a conversation
ever his telephone with a man in
California; that a diamond miner in
Seuth Africa may tell an Eskimo at
the North Pele te go te blazes, if
that is necessary.
This almost instantaneous piercing
ii i
II ,;,;?;-;,'" north pi 0P . .,.x
I mmUe,:E0rOpeJhis U America" ;& "
iTB ..-. 'A m. , '. -ew-s ;m. ... ... ''. ' , V. i 1
im -wv. '. ' rv CrZ r ' V cO -i
m'::jrif: uiis-. -Jam i
m& nteS ' " I A. - ,v-v .'toy ' ''' ' "KP".mV
m , Nte , -, v " . .' '; Nl-i A - v v V " ' m
Jehn J. Cart, who directed
experiment in transoceanic
telephony
of Kreat dibtnnccb with the human
V0K'C l,rint:s aI1 thc world te em
C1Y doorsteps; makes far-off Sa-
markand our next deer neighbor, and
hauls Russia as clo.-e te us as thc
houses en the corner.
Experiments are being made in
dustriously ; they are being made
mere or less secretly; experts in the
field grimly close then lip?, premise
nothing, but point te thc year 11)13
when the thing was actually done.
Experiments are being conducted
in Anietica, in Europe and Seuth
America. But it is well known in
fhf" flcld of telephen that for cu-ry
hundred scientists searching out thc
great romantic problems of round-the-world
telephony in this country,
Europe has only about fcur or fie.
"If we stepped t!u development
work," sae J' li" ! ' irt l,-t unc
lie.el of th uembr wniLer- who til. 1
from Ai Husten. Washington. ' '
Hiffe! Tower, I'm-, in 101," ' "
would dam up pre?re and wi.j.i'
fall Inte a condition a bid us there is
lb-tad. Science is constantly udv.me
inc. Our country is crewing. Bust-
n P""dms w- want te taik
greater and crc.ucr uiMnnic. inn
be prepared te talk te Smith Aiiiiii
We arc .ilri-jily tulliins te Cuba. 1 cere
is no deub' mc v ill In talking te F.u
rope."'
Hut the main problem af present in
ene nf cost. Tin" present uwts of trans-
oceanic wireless telephony arc very
great, and before this method ran b
generally employed, the commercial
v ue. ns in tne c.ise ei vnip-io-suere
telephony, mu-t tirst he determined and
ussureu. .Mm ei course a tucier oper
ating -eriDiix'v against sueli sen lee is
.1... nKenr .1 (ttiimtin in ntnn liotren
0f,llIlt"ne, located widely apart.
r
Story of Radie Phene
Like Romantic Fiction
The sten of th' wi.utien of the tran tran
e'lunlc teli phone sen ii e reads like
the widest r '.nantji It. tlen. And yet
f'ii it would iiit haw Its interest for
t.ie l.iv mmd uhli -s something of the
preMeu.s wlmh i iib i'l the experts
erigtmiilv are midertoei
In tU ordinary alternating current
eleotne light nnd power circuit, used
te fiirmh light te homes and power
i' -- v"- K" - Li - -"
II? - " w'i f it 5 - - ,i'A-"i i permission te use Eiffel Tower was, In
' -s ' ,' f JLx 4 ' " ''" "lC cm'' Bnintc,' w"b the untlerstuad-
' ' - s Werreii ' It 'v '! ,; lnc tllat " ueu'(' c usc'l eu'v w,:c:l
, e'- Ia-1 ' v- V ' "-, I ""-. Prance and her allies were net using it.
h II y " liYtf- I -"'M'. " 1, ?''", And France and her allies were using it
" V, JVjS ;"4 "f'rf -' r? ?fX W- '" ' U ' "?$$ v y niinute.
- F S. "I !,ri""' &' j-Px ' if VJt'" It was arranged eventually, nenethe-
s. -f -$'' '""" :'Vi'j " 4'iv- ?CW'i mkY'" &".?'' less, that rcprcRentntlvci of the Amer
f li ,V 5 V 9 -f ;" ' ; s' 'A'Cky'"'' Ilk & ! " ' ', C'X it?an company might conduct their ex-
I 5) 'I " t J Hr eT i. ' '" Vi -v, periments in the early morning hours
5 " 1,.'1'.I ''?' x C;K;.y,v W h '- Ai-" for n very short period of time dally.
s "' Kh Vr ,-'-"s ir;1s;" fVV.'.;,,,,'!"S And this was victory itself!
' F' 1 'I '1-f; , 1 i""tv?': ''ffeaii Sik.V;' '-' ' Mr. Cnrty, later a colonel in the army
'h"v - dS V 8 'a ''" & '-,((li8fcL " ' ';!A ' engineers, obtained from the Army and
' VV iKS il - v ' ,- "5?St JS-wT'lV'"'! Na' Departments access te the tower
. fit y K l v -'v - "i - Jw Afe5! i . lVvrTs,1 at Arlington for a sending station. Next
" I "lsll 6 , '.'V" C '?- 5& -VTr-' ' lrVIr;,',,! he fitted out three expeditions one te
AWSk.'&'iia;.:v3W:9Si?i. . HIHUmBUA. J
"n!J?J,??c'srI';x t , l I Si i . luPBHr S i. j 11x1 -f , ''-. ' 'v'ii f i ' ',-Jv - '.- "l 'IijVA
Eiffel tower which
te fjl
tri' i
IUI
slXIl
,,iip
' in,
I ' r
I'll- periodicity of the e'er
' i ,i most uimcral'x sitr
'iid That h, there are
jil. 'i ri versals of the electrical
c ll p ii' eii li mm elid.
At iM-. low periodicity or frequency
Mid. ill ,ul of I he electrical eners; i
confined te the wire system and nunc of
it i radiated into "pace. Hnwewr, br
Mifiii leiitlj increa-mg the frequency nf
the i iirrent uml by suitable circuit nr
r.uigi meats, a large proportion of the
ei 1 1 leal energj generated may he radi
ii'ed inie spine as electro-magnetic
ue.. Ttiej i rucl through spaie uitl
' 1 1 of 'icl.t. all'I have freipieii' i-n
varviug from l."i,00U te several wil.ien
eye. is a si'iend.
N-w it happens that for trans-
P' r l"f Ri " , ' ' 5V" ? ' Wireless station at Honolulu where operator "listened in" en message from New Yerk te Paris
- v. . IW-j'VB ' ,; k,' .-,.,- 'fii: If ;rH';,;!',r,' miles nwny: ene te Honolulu.
, . MW w.Hlf.i.TSBl j" . "t. r fr . i ,4H '. ?1V Miuniiuii uiv .nilliuild VI . iiiiiimui
receied message in Paris
'.mi' telephony it would he tmpol tmpel
t la cables It would clutter up
' e ."e;iii Mth c.ibli. if there weren't
i 1 er reasons for making wires imprac
tn aide. Consequently, te establish
eeiiiiiinnirutliiu eer great bodies ef1
'vain i titmminieat en must be made
by wireless or iiulie.
In order .te tiansmit a tilephene
-sai:e b radio, the amplitude of thc
h ga frequency wnes sent out Is mad"
te ar in accordance with the aria
tinn of current produced by the voice
.i ,vi e'dlnary telephone circuit. De
m get that?
Well, the problem of producing these
I ii fiequeiicy electrical wines und of
tl.us teiitndling them by telephone cur-
ri'iits has been sehed mere or less sat-
, mTrr ir--' . J mM -rx& ,vvirJt;. ; -& M7&M
Vw IT"
Vacuum tube, radio converter,
for translation of message
isfacterily by what Is known ns tin
three-electrode wicutim tube, ll is till"
Instrument which enmcrts the electricu'
wines of the wire Inte electrical waves
of the ether, out ever the ocean, and
buck te "wire wiim-s" when land Is
leached again,
During the development by the
American Telcpueiie and Te.egrapL
Company of the ,uuum tube in con
nection with thf till phone repeater, it
was found pestdblc te make larger und
mure pewcifut tubes which could be
used for radio telephony . As n result,
In ll)l."i, coiiimuuliiitien by radio tele
phone was made with Purls, Honolulu
and San Francisce. Fer this distance
it was necessary te keep 111)0 of these
tubes Jn constant operation.
Since then researili has been con
tinued, until today the fiiiidnmentuiu
of the act which makes possible trans
Atlantic phone communication arc fair-
y well established The Kind of equln-
, inent necessary, however, has net been
cemmerciu.iy preuueeu te ilute except
for such real uses as lime been found
iu the field of ordinary trans-centinental
telephone communication.
Perhaps the story of the evolution of
trans-eceanic telephone cenuuuni ntlen
ought te begin with 1S"(1. when the
world witnessed the transmission of the
tirst audible speech That jinr It was
made between Husten and Cambridge,
two miles. In JHSL' a telephone line
was opened from Iiosten te Providence,
a distance of foity-the miles; in lKS-l,
between Hosten and New Yerk, a iis iis
tnnce of "35 miles, in lfefil!, from New
Yerk te Chicago, !IOO miles: in Mill,
from New Yerk te Denver, 1!100 miles.
First Trans-Atlantic
Telephony Is Attempted
When the American Telephone and
Telegraph Company finally established
n long-distance senile clear acresj thc
I United States te Han Francisce early in
1 1015, attention of experts was directed
out beyond the mainland and evir the
sen. , Hut Chief Fngliieer J. J. Cnrty
found himself net only confronted with
i the difficulty of the electrical piebleiu
I Itsntf lett he lind n Wnrl.l t'n. ..li lilu
hands. Europe was a field of bleed,
me lea was neutral. All the wireless
stations ovcrseiiH were being busily era-
t.1.MArl hv wnrrtnc tuition .U.I If ,i.e
. fli rf ,......,. .,,,,.,t.u, ..t, . ,1UD
impesBiuju lur M;ieiuibiH ie eeiaeiisu iiuW
stations In Europe. There remained
only the possibility of convincing
France, which owned the most likely
tower, by means of thc most astute aud
delicate illp'emacy, te permit the Amcr
leans te use Eiflel Tower In tplte of the
war.
The diplomatic battle has never been
irepriy recounted. And It Is net lik-
te be elu (or beuic time. However,
41100 '
miles away, und one te Paris, 3800
miles nwny. A man had been stationed
previously at the radio station, Marc
Island, California.
The expeditions were equipped with
receiving apparatus and ether appa
ratus sufficient te complete communi
cation. Lloyd Espensehicd went te
Honolulu. His task appeared almost
Insurmountable. When he reached' "" lc t ; " nr news en
Pearl Harber. In Hawaii, he found I tlrely submerged this extraordinary
that he lacked equipment, and that it '
was impe'sib'e te obtain It en the
island. He was compelled, therefore,
te adept the cunning tactics of the
Swiss rnml'y Itohinsen and ship
wrecked Itebin-kui Crusoe he had te
invent paraphernalia, and he had but
little time te de It In, and but little
material te de it with
Twe engineers. II. 13. Shreee and
A. M. Curtis, went te Paris. Thc 11m- wave generator developed by the Ameri
ited time during which Eiffel Tower re- lean Telephone and Telegraph Company
maineil nt th" disposal of the engineers and the Western Klertric Company, and
nnd the handicap resulting from the aiianged In such manner as te permit
fact that all regular communications i the making of wireless telephonic
between the engineers abroad and these emissions.
in America had te be by cable and sub- "The aforesaid companies, being nc
jeet te long dclnjs, proved serious ob- credited with thc Department of War
MrHfl HWh " ; j. .' -, . en ' Hf V 1 A '
& -'S5iSSyliiwyStfe' K"5 aft "' t-''fif ;;"v-i m1
rr ii iiiJtlllrTlrliitf Br mvL -' -" :; r-''!; 'v'm
MJM1 f ftllt1 :! , . r "" i-- " ... unr, . .J"V-' W i
k3NHnHHBKSHMlMHBHM?T!!PiBm
Arlington wireless station ene
stacles te the speedy completion of the
work.
It had net been planned that Espen
chled, ever in Honolulu, should tulk
with either Paris or Arlington. He had
been stationed en the ether side of the
Pacific as nn observer. Hut he, learned
by cable the exact time when cenimunl
ca
, . .
lay arrangements at each of the three
ends hud been synchronized.
Hefere October l!l. 1015, the Arling
ton station had talked by telephone with
the station at Panama. The success of
this uccemp!Minicnt heartened thc ex
perimenters, nnd en October 121. In the
very enrjy morning, while half of the
world slept and thc ether half killed each
ether, these indomitable wnrriers In the
renlni or scientific thought waited for
the test that was expected te bturtln a
world, already sartled te the point of
sanitation by bloodshed and atrocity.
At first it was possible te recognize
the sound nf the human voice. It sped
from the wire at Arlington out ever nnd
across the miles of silent sea te the
Eiffel Tower. The experimenters were
mad with enthusiasm, but they waited,
strong and stern and apparently quiet.
They knew thut mere sound of the
voice, although a tremendous victory In
Itself, was net the only consummation
devoutly te be wished. Like Oliver
Twist, with his bowl of breakfast feed,
they wanted mere, and they wanted it
better.
Washington Gets Paris
and Honolulu Listens In
And in a few moments they get it.
It traveled ever u trackless sea, ever
ships that lunged In the troughs nf great
seas, ever the sinister German sub
marines curiously unmindful uf the ac
tual words translated into electricity,
vuiltlnp ever thtir very heads: t dived
into ominous black clouds banked above
darkened battleships, it scu'riled past
the ears of singing sen men, and they
didn't hear u jet or tittle of It; it
whlr'ed ever fields of tired soldier men,
waiting te go up te meet the stolid iron
fierman, perhaps te die; it dipped trl
umphuutly te jhe, Eiffel Tower aerial,
jiHtl a, ..i-l-jV S' ,n.fii'i.
canon vveuiu ue uiteinpicu neiween loueweu in every detail fev the under
Washington and Paris. After long de- I i-igncd. The fit series of experiments
and alone a wire, te the cars of the
wniting, trembling engineers.
"Helle, Shrccve," said Mr. Webb,
nt Arlington, te Mr. Shreeve, at Paris,
.'5S00 miles away. "This Is Webb talk-
Shrecvc answered him. Almest in
stantaneously, the. answer wus heard.
And in Honolulu. 4000 miles from
Arlington, anil 3700 miles from Paris,
Mr: Espenschled listened In, find heard
what was said, and recognized the
eiecs! i
In u cable communication from his
station nt Pearl Harber. Honolulu, he
later reported that he distinctly recog
nized Mr. Webb bilking with Paris.
Anil he correctly rennrted the cenvcr-
Mitlon. And he Mated that the eenver-
satien could be heard tbrce feet away
from the receiver!
All this Ik especially remarkable, be
cause It was liecessnry te use a wave
length half that normally emp'eyed for
long distance wireless telegraphy.
The nc):t day, success of the experi
ments was made public In France. Hut
the people In the rest of tlie world
nchievemcnr
Lieutenant Colonel of Knglneers
Ferrle, who observed the testn for the
French (ievernment. Issued thc follow
ing Rtntcmcnt :
"Othcial Mittcincnt summarizing the
wireless telephonic experiments carried
out l-etuccn Arlington aiid the tiitlel
Tower. The Amerlenn station at Ar
Husten was provided with a special
of most powerful in the world
by the Fulled States Embassy at Paris,
appointed one of their engineers, Mr.
hhreive, te attempt te hear these tele tele
phenic emissions at the radio te'e
graphic Mation at the Eiffel Tower by
incuiiH of u receiver which 1b equally
or their invention.
"Alt the I'XIierilnniilu mmlr, Im,.,. l.Af...
'fl, , 'I wiv iiun mvil
earncu out in June, llll.i. cave no re
suits, probably by leusen of the elec
trical perturbations, naturally very In
tense at this hensen of the year. The
second series, in October. Mil!"., has
achieved great success. Jt mH been
pessililu te hear nnd understand very
distinctly und repeatedly wunN such
as one, two, three and mi forth, good geed
by and se forth. Depending upon the
Intensity of the e'is'trlcal perturbations
which urn prevalent ami the condition
of the utmesphcrii at this time, these
words were heard mere- or less distinctly
and mere or less loudly. These results,
although imperfect, are extremely In
teresting, and there is every reason te
believe thnt they will be improved
upon."
Three Nations in Race
te Perfect Radie Phene
At present there is a race among
"tcineers of th's ceuntrv. Frame and
Germany in the perfeetleu of this
sci vice. Ail three count ilea are work werk
nig a eng the same generul lines. And
they all ure concentrating mi the im im
prevement of tint vacuum tubes.
Tests arc being conducted at the
gigantic radio station at Steny Point
L. I., with great secrecy. This htu htu
tlen is made up of twelve towers btur
Ing nntennuc that stretch npprexi.
mutely two miles. It Is understood that
no ouert s being made at Stenv lei,)t
te transmit the human voice. Exncrl.
ments are cencencd entirely with the
nidlatlen of carrier waves.
Previous, te the trans-eceanic part,
lie, part-wireless lelenhnnl,
nlcullen the feai hud been acie n'lsluii
nver a shorter distance. A dlsi- ,.....
230 miles was placed between "
perlmentu tower erected ut Men auk.
Nearer Brether
heed of Man
POSSIBILITIES
THRILL THE
IMAGINATION
Invention May Lead
te Much Desired
Chat With Plan
et Mars
Later communication was successfully
made between the Mentatik tower ami
nn experimental tower nt Ht. Shim's
Isjnnd, Ga. In September, 1015, pttt
sons In New Yerk spoke with an ob eb
erver nt Stare Island. San Francisce.
Officials of the telephone company,
seated 111 a New Yerk office, plekM
tin the receiver of un ordinary Bell
phone and talked with Mr. Carty, nt
the Mare Island Navy Yard. TKn
route wns by wire from New Yerk te
Washington, by wireless te Matd
Island.
Questions nnd nrmwers were glren
and returned nlmest Instantly. Tlie
voices were distinct nnd recognizable,).
"The process," said Bancroft Onw
ard!, one of thc engineers of thc com
pany, "is very delicate and nbstnisc. It
la one which would be almost Impossi
ble for thc lay mind te understand. I
doubt whether I could prepare an ex
planation comprehensible te the un
scientific mind.
"The system consists of four sets nt
Important special apparatus ever whlrt
have been spent mouths of work enl '
jenrs of thought."
Twe of these sets arc used at eitW
end of the wireless space. And th
electrical waves transmitted through
the air by the apparatus are of tlif
same nature as these transmitted ee.
the wire by the ordinary telephone.
Mr. Ghcrardl has pointed out tkrer
great limitations te this serricc. It up
plies te wireless telegraphy as well as
te wireless telephony :
"First. Atmospheric conditions tin-se-called
'static. A wireless uerinl i
a structure which catches all these dis
turbances.
"Second. Thc Interference of ether
stations. This can be obviated by tun
ing the instruments, but Is still a
serious problem.
"Third. The lack of secrecy. In
sending n wireless telephone mesasf
you urn electrically shouting it out te
the whole world."
Iteccntly, at thc International Com
munications Conference In New Yerli
conversation wns exchanged betvvce
Cntallnn, nn island In the Pncltl
Ocean, and the steamship Gloucester i
thc Atlantic Ocean. Speech was trans
milted by radio telephone from th
Gloucester through thc New Jersey sta
tien at Dcnl liench, and thence by vrir
across the continent te Les Angeles
and thence by radio telephone te Oeta
Una. Mere recently the overland wlrt
service from Key "West te Les Angtlej
as joined with thc new submarine ca4
hie te Cuba, and with the rndle tele
phone te Catnlina, with the result that
speech wns transmitted between an
'nland in the Atlantic and an island in
the Pacific.
Liner in Mid-Ocean
Talks te Felk Ashore
Lest March representatives of the
press were invited te n demonstration
by the American Telephone and Telr
crapil Company, ut Its Leng Lines
Building, New Yerk. Direct commu
nication wns made with Deal Beach,
and each guest wus given a telephone
receiver. They listened in en conversa
tions with n ship en the Atlnntlc, ami
talked with friends en beard the ship,
The test, It has been stated, showed
notably that two-way radio communi
cation could be established ever the
same wave circuit, nnd that It is quite
feasible te connect the radio with the
regular nationwide wire system. In
ether words, It Is possible for anybody
with n phone In his house te talk nt
ensp with friends In thc middle of the
Atlnntlc.
Later in the demonstration, Captain
William Kind, of the vcssul America,
in mid-ocean, was connected with H
II. Thayer, in his country home et
New Cannnn, Conn. Captain IHn'1
wus .170 miles at sea. Mr. Thayer,
president of the company, used an or
dinary telephone line, connected with
small exchange. The two men ceuM
hear each ether ns distinctly ns If they
ere In ndjeinlnir houses. Mr Thajef
asked what sort of weather the captain
was having and he replied "stormy!
He said the weather wus picking up ana
that he planned te "land nt Ambrert
at 4 o'clock Meuduy." After a little
niore pleasant convocation they al'J
"Geed night!" The representatives ei
the press listened in throughout tbli
discussion.
At Philadelphia in March before
lnrge undlence iu the Acnilemv of Mu"
sic, J. J. Curly directed the first dem
onstntien of two-wire truiisnibven
across the continent ever a twe-ulH
circuit.
General Cnrty he holds that office
in the officers' reserve corps i ennccteu
the Academy of Music with the Iran'
continental circuit te San Fi.iiaisee.
Later ufter u violin sole had been
played in San Francisce, and the pl''
ers had heerd the app'ause coming
from Philadelphia, n circuit was set
"P In the offices of th Pt'nur LwOK".
.Tehn J. Snurgeen, editor, without lrv
ing his desk, ed'lressed the eudieiicf.
und read news dlsuntchcs te be printw
In the paper next day. . .....
The new invention offers tnrliuni
suggestions. It will supplement ami '
tend wire communication te pine'
wiiere it Is impossible te string wires
Its use wi'l wed great etpanfes w
water, deserts, the icy northern lanei,
the cnibi of Africa, with the ceram)'
dleiiM offices of great cities. .
It will fni'llljnte the business of '
world, and speed who knows--1"
long last the very much desired bretMr
heed of the world, making al nation!
the closest and most Intimate of iieil"'
horn. .... ...
recelv
..I.;?.
indeed iome elu v. we mnv nu ""
elver in the telonheno booth at "
comer ilruu store, una ter once uu?-r
. - m i....in
, , of te'llTng great god M.r
,., b a whl grim frenSt mllHM
-el