J Y K(Siv-.' .v -,S 'i VVAE WJftMW"W$!&W h EVENING PUBLIC LEDGER PHILADELPHIA., TUESDAY,' SEPTEMBER 26, 1922 . SCIENTISTS OF THREE NATIONS IN RADIO RACE TO SEND VOICE RINGING AR 0 UND THE WORLD U. S.. Germany and Perfection of Phene France Ala king Vast Strides en IV ire I ess Phene Expected te Bring ?- P ' i ' hi,i II iW w t ft WASH. TALKS, TO PAR IS AND HAWAII HEARS' Arlington Engineers Use New Device te Speak te Eiffel, Tower rpRANS-ATLANTIC telephony is an accomplished fact. It was an accomplished fact meic than sis years age when the soldier, of Europe still fought and died in the first half of the World War. While bleed flowed, and companies charged into ranks of prim iron death, America spoke te Tans en the telephone, and Honolulu listened In. And the world is assured that in the near future it will be as simple a matter te call up Londen from America as it is for Philadelphia te get New Yerk en the wire today. Then, indeed, will it be literally possible for political cries of indig- nation, perturbation, determination. te go "ringing round the world." A statesman at his desk need only lift his telephone receiver, instruct Cen tral, and shout! With the passage of a few years, Captain Malcolm Deepsea, in his cabin a mid-ocean storm tearing the very paint from thc hull of his "Melly-O" will lift thc receiver from his telephone and cry: "Operator! Give me Philadelphia. Woodland 48M-W. Helle, is that you, wife? We're having a bit of leather out here, but you needn't worry. I'll give you a ring when it blows ever. Geed-by!" Or somebody's better half, sum mering in the Alps, will call up friend husband in Chicago te remind Mm net te forget te put thc cat out nights. Altogether, it's a gay world, rich In amazing achievements. And this newest development by science i one of thc most romantic. Thc fact lhat one person can, ever thc tele- phone, talk te another thousand- of miles away beggars imagination "Interesting," Said Grant, "But Who's Going te Use It?" When the original model of a tele phone was brought te the attention of President Grant, he is said te have remarked: "It's very interest ing, but who is going te use it?" Today gives emphatic proof that a greater portion of the world uses It, and, furthermore, premises, new tnat trans-Atlantic telephony is a fact, one side of thc world will talk te the ether side; that n man in Paris will carry en a conversation ever his telephone with a man in California; that a diamond miner in Seuth Africa may tell an Eskimo at the North Pele te go te blazes, if that is necessary. This almost instantaneous piercing ii i II ,;,;?;-;,'" north pi 0P . .,.x I mmUe,:E0rOpeJhis U America" ;& " iTB ..-. 'A m. , '. -ew-s ;m. ... ... ''. ' , V. i 1 im -wv. '. ' rv CrZ r ' V cO -i m'::jrif: uiis-. -Jam i m& nteS ' " I A. - ,v-v .'toy ' ''' ' "KP".mV m , Nte , -, v " . .' '; Nl-i A - v v V " ' m Jehn J. Cart, who directed experiment in transoceanic telephony of Kreat dibtnnccb with the human V0K'C l,rint:s aI1 thc world te em C1Y doorsteps; makes far-off Sa- markand our next deer neighbor, and hauls Russia as clo.-e te us as thc houses en the corner. Experiments are being made in dustriously ; they are being made mere or less secretly; experts in the field grimly close then lip?, premise nothing, but point te thc year 11)13 when the thing was actually done. Experiments are being conducted in Anietica, in Europe and Seuth America. But it is well known in fhf" flcld of telephen that for cu-ry hundred scientists searching out thc great romantic problems of round-the-world telephony in this country, Europe has only about fcur or fie. "If we stepped t!u development work," sae J' li" ! ' irt l,-t unc lie.el of th uembr wniLer- who til. 1 from Ai Husten. Washington. ' ' Hiffe! Tower, I'm-, in 101," ' " would dam up pre?re and wi.j.i' fall Inte a condition a bid us there is lb-tad. Science is constantly udv.me inc. Our country is crewing. Bust- n P""dms w- want te taik greater and crc.ucr uiMnnic. inn be prepared te talk te Smith Aiiiiii We arc .ilri-jily tulliins te Cuba. 1 cere is no deub' mc v ill In talking te F.u rope."' Hut the main problem af present in ene nf cost. Tin" present uwts of trans- oceanic wireless telephony arc very great, and before this method ran b generally employed, the commercial v ue. ns in tne c.ise ei vnip-io-suere telephony, mu-t tirst he determined and ussureu. .Mm ei course a tucier oper ating -eriDiix'v against sueli sen lee is .1... nKenr .1 (ttiimtin in ntnn liotren 0f,llIlt"ne, located widely apart. r Story of Radie Phene Like Romantic Fiction The sten of th' wi.utien of the tran tran e'lunlc teli phone sen ii e reads like the widest r '.nantji It. tlen. And yet f'ii it would iiit haw Its interest for t.ie l.iv mmd uhli -s something of the preMeu.s wlmh i iib i'l the experts erigtmiilv are midertoei In tU ordinary alternating current eleotne light nnd power circuit, used te fiirmh light te homes and power i' -- v"- K" - Li - -" II? - " w'i f it 5 - - ,i'A-"i i permission te use Eiffel Tower was, In ' -s ' ,' f JLx 4 ' " ''" "lC cm'' Bnintc,' w"b the untlerstuad- ' ' - s Werreii ' It 'v '! ,; lnc tllat " ueu'(' c usc'l eu'v w,:c:l , e'- Ia-1 ' v- V ' "-, I ""-. Prance and her allies were net using it. h II y " liYtf- I -"'M'. " 1, ?''", And France and her allies were using it " V, JVjS ;"4 "f'rf -' r? ?fX W- '" ' U ' "?$$ v y niinute. - F S. "I !,ri""' &' j-Px ' if VJt'" It was arranged eventually, nenethe- s. -f -$'' '""" :'Vi'j " 4'iv- ?CW'i mkY'" &".?'' less, that rcprcRentntlvci of the Amer f li ,V 5 V 9 -f ;" ' ; s' 'A'Cky'"'' Ilk & ! " ' ', C'X it?an company might conduct their ex- I 5) 'I " t J Hr eT i. ' '" Vi -v, periments in the early morning hours 5 " 1,.'1'.I ''?' x C;K;.y,v W h '- Ai-" for n very short period of time dally. s "' Kh Vr ,-'-"s ir;1s;" fVV.'.;,,,,'!"S And this was victory itself! ' F' 1 'I '1-f; , 1 i""tv?': ''ffeaii Sik.V;' '-' ' Mr. Cnrty, later a colonel in the army 'h"v - dS V 8 'a ''" & '-,((li8fcL " ' ';!A ' engineers, obtained from the Army and ' VV iKS il - v ' ,- "5?St JS-wT'lV'"'! Na' Departments access te the tower . fit y K l v -'v - "i - Jw Afe5! i . lVvrTs,1 at Arlington for a sending station. Next " I "lsll 6 , '.'V" C '?- 5& -VTr-' ' lrVIr;,',,! he fitted out three expeditions one te AWSk.'&'iia;.:v3W:9Si?i. . HIHUmBUA. J "n!J?J,??c'srI';x t , l I Si i . luPBHr S i. j 11x1 -f , ''-. ' 'v'ii f i ' ',-Jv - '.- "l 'IijVA Eiffel tower which te fjl tri' i IUI slXIl ,,iip ' in, I ' r I'll- periodicity of the e'er ' i ,i most uimcral'x sitr 'iid That h, there are jil. 'i ri versals of the electrical c ll p ii' eii li mm elid. At iM-. low periodicity or frequency Mid. ill ,ul of I he electrical eners; i confined te the wire system and nunc of it i radiated into "pace. Hnwewr, br Mifiii leiitlj increa-mg the frequency nf the i iirrent uml by suitable circuit nr r.uigi meats, a large proportion of the ei 1 1 leal energj generated may he radi ii'ed inie spine as electro-magnetic ue.. Ttiej i rucl through spaie uitl ' 1 1 of 'icl.t. all'I have freipieii' i-n varviug from l."i,00U te several wil.ien eye. is a si'iend. N-w it happens that for trans- P' r l"f Ri " , ' ' 5V" ? ' Wireless station at Honolulu where operator "listened in" en message from New Yerk te Paris - v. . IW-j'VB ' ,; k,' .-,.,- 'fii: If ;rH';,;!',r,' miles nwny: ene te Honolulu. , . MW w.Hlf.i.TSBl j" . "t. r fr . i ,4H '. ?1V Miuniiuii uiv .nilliuild VI . iiiiiimui receied message in Paris '.mi' telephony it would he tmpol tmpel t la cables It would clutter up ' e ."e;iii Mth c.ibli. if there weren't i 1 er reasons for making wires imprac tn aide. Consequently, te establish eeiiiiiinnirutliiu eer great bodies ef1 'vain i titmminieat en must be made by wireless or iiulie. In order .te tiansmit a tilephene -sai:e b radio, the amplitude of thc h ga frequency wnes sent out Is mad" te ar in accordance with the aria tinn of current produced by the voice .i ,vi e'dlnary telephone circuit. De m get that? Well, the problem of producing these I ii fiequeiicy electrical wines und of tl.us teiitndling them by telephone cur- ri'iits has been sehed mere or less sat- , mTrr ir--' . J mM -rx& ,vvirJt;. ; -& M7&M Vw IT" Vacuum tube, radio converter, for translation of message isfacterily by what Is known ns tin three-electrode wicutim tube, ll is till" Instrument which enmcrts the electricu' wines of the wire Inte electrical waves of the ether, out ever the ocean, and buck te "wire wiim-s" when land Is leached again, During the development by the American Telcpueiie and Te.egrapL Company of the ,uuum tube in con nection with thf till phone repeater, it was found pestdblc te make larger und mure pewcifut tubes which could be used for radio telephony . As n result, In ll)l."i, coiiimuuliiitien by radio tele phone was made with Purls, Honolulu and San Francisce. Fer this distance it was necessary te keep 111)0 of these tubes Jn constant operation. Since then researili has been con tinued, until today the fiiiidnmentuiu of the act which makes possible trans Atlantic phone communication arc fair- y well established The Kind of equln- , inent necessary, however, has net been cemmerciu.iy preuueeu te ilute except for such real uses as lime been found iu the field of ordinary trans-centinental telephone communication. Perhaps the story of the evolution of trans-eceanic telephone cenuuuni ntlen ought te begin with 1S"(1. when the world witnessed the transmission of the tirst audible speech That jinr It was made between Husten and Cambridge, two miles. In JHSL' a telephone line was opened from Iiosten te Providence, a distance of foity-the miles; in lKS-l, between Hosten and New Yerk, a iis iis tnnce of "35 miles, in lfefil!, from New Yerk te Chicago, !IOO miles: in Mill, from New Yerk te Denver, 1!100 miles. First Trans-Atlantic Telephony Is Attempted When the American Telephone and Telegraph Company finally established n long-distance senile clear acresj thc I United States te Han Francisce early in 1 1015, attention of experts was directed out beyond the mainland and evir the sen. , Hut Chief Fngliieer J. J. Cnrty found himself net only confronted with i the difficulty of the electrical piebleiu I Itsntf lett he lind n Wnrl.l t'n. ..li lilu hands. Europe was a field of bleed, me lea was neutral. All the wireless stations ovcrseiiH were being busily era- t.1.MArl hv wnrrtnc tuition .U.I If ,i.e . fli rf ,......,. .,,,,.,t.u, ..t, . ,1UD impesBiuju lur M;ieiuibiH ie eeiaeiisu iiuW stations In Europe. There remained only the possibility of convincing France, which owned the most likely tower, by means of thc most astute aud delicate illp'emacy, te permit the Amcr leans te use Eiflel Tower In tplte of the war. The diplomatic battle has never been irepriy recounted. And It Is net lik- te be elu (or beuic time. However, 41100 ' miles away, und one te Paris, 3800 miles nwny. A man had been stationed previously at the radio station, Marc Island, California. The expeditions were equipped with receiving apparatus and ether appa ratus sufficient te complete communi cation. Lloyd Espensehicd went te Honolulu. His task appeared almost Insurmountable. When he reached' "" lc t ; " nr news en Pearl Harber. In Hawaii, he found I tlrely submerged this extraordinary that he lacked equipment, and that it ' was impe'sib'e te obtain It en the island. He was compelled, therefore, te adept the cunning tactics of the Swiss rnml'y Itohinsen and ship wrecked Itebin-kui Crusoe he had te invent paraphernalia, and he had but little time te de It In, and but little material te de it with Twe engineers. II. 13. Shreee and A. M. Curtis, went te Paris. Thc 11m- wave generator developed by the Ameri ited time during which Eiffel Tower re- lean Telephone and Telegraph Company maineil nt th" disposal of the engineers and the Western Klertric Company, and nnd the handicap resulting from the aiianged In such manner as te permit fact that all regular communications i the making of wireless telephonic between the engineers abroad and these emissions. in America had te be by cable and sub- "The aforesaid companies, being nc jeet te long dclnjs, proved serious ob- credited with thc Department of War MrHfl HWh " ; j. .' -, . en ' Hf V 1 A ' & -'S5iSSyliiwyStfe' K"5 aft "' t-''fif ;;"v-i m1 rr ii iiiJtlllrTlrliitf Br mvL -' -" :; r-''!; 'v'm MJM1 f ftllt1 :! , . r "" i-- " ... unr, . .J"V-' W i k3NHnHHBKSHMlMHBHM?T!!PiBm Arlington wireless station ene stacles te the speedy completion of the work. It had net been planned that Espen chled, ever in Honolulu, should tulk with either Paris or Arlington. He had been stationed en the ether side of the Pacific as nn observer. Hut he, learned by cable the exact time when cenimunl ca , . . lay arrangements at each of the three ends hud been synchronized. Hefere October l!l. 1015, the Arling ton station had talked by telephone with the station at Panama. The success of this uccemp!Minicnt heartened thc ex perimenters, nnd en October 121. In the very enrjy morning, while half of the world slept and thc ether half killed each ether, these indomitable wnrriers In the renlni or scientific thought waited for the test that was expected te bturtln a world, already sartled te the point of sanitation by bloodshed and atrocity. At first it was possible te recognize the sound nf the human voice. It sped from the wire at Arlington out ever nnd across the miles of silent sea te the Eiffel Tower. The experimenters were mad with enthusiasm, but they waited, strong and stern and apparently quiet. They knew thut mere sound of the voice, although a tremendous victory In Itself, was net the only consummation devoutly te be wished. Like Oliver Twist, with his bowl of breakfast feed, they wanted mere, and they wanted it better. Washington Gets Paris and Honolulu Listens In And in a few moments they get it. It traveled ever u trackless sea, ever ships that lunged In the troughs nf great seas, ever the sinister German sub marines curiously unmindful uf the ac tual words translated into electricity, vuiltlnp ever thtir very heads: t dived into ominous black clouds banked above darkened battleships, it scu'riled past the ears of singing sen men, and they didn't hear u jet or tittle of It; it whlr'ed ever fields of tired soldier men, waiting te go up te meet the stolid iron fierman, perhaps te die; it dipped trl umphuutly te jhe, Eiffel Tower aerial, jiHtl a, ..i-l-jV S' ,n.fii'i. canon vveuiu ue uiteinpicu neiween loueweu in every detail fev the under Washington and Paris. After long de- I i-igncd. The fit series of experiments and alone a wire, te the cars of the wniting, trembling engineers. "Helle, Shrccve," said Mr. Webb, nt Arlington, te Mr. Shreeve, at Paris, .'5S00 miles away. "This Is Webb talk- Shrecvc answered him. Almest in stantaneously, the. answer wus heard. And in Honolulu. 4000 miles from Arlington, anil 3700 miles from Paris, Mr: Espenschled listened In, find heard what was said, and recognized the eiecs! i In u cable communication from his station nt Pearl Harber. Honolulu, he later reported that he distinctly recog nized Mr. Webb bilking with Paris. Anil he correctly rennrted the cenvcr- Mitlon. And he Mated that the eenver- satien could be heard tbrce feet away from the receiver! All this Ik especially remarkable, be cause It was liecessnry te use a wave length half that normally emp'eyed for long distance wireless telegraphy. The nc):t day, success of the experi ments was made public In France. Hut the people In the rest of tlie world nchievemcnr Lieutenant Colonel of Knglneers Ferrle, who observed the testn for the French (ievernment. Issued thc follow ing Rtntcmcnt : "Othcial Mittcincnt summarizing the wireless telephonic experiments carried out l-etuccn Arlington aiid the tiitlel Tower. The Amerlenn station at Ar Husten was provided with a special of most powerful in the world by the Fulled States Embassy at Paris, appointed one of their engineers, Mr. hhreive, te attempt te hear these tele tele phenic emissions at the radio te'e graphic Mation at the Eiffel Tower by incuiiH of u receiver which 1b equally or their invention. "Alt the I'XIierilnniilu mmlr, Im,.,. l.Af... 'fl, , 'I wiv iiun mvil earncu out in June, llll.i. cave no re suits, probably by leusen of the elec trical perturbations, naturally very In tense at this hensen of the year. The second series, in October. Mil!"., has achieved great success. Jt mH been pessililu te hear nnd understand very distinctly und repeatedly wunN such as one, two, three and mi forth, good geed by and se forth. Depending upon the Intensity of the e'is'trlcal perturbations which urn prevalent ami the condition of the utmesphcrii at this time, these words were heard mere- or less distinctly and mere or less loudly. These results, although imperfect, are extremely In teresting, and there is every reason te believe thnt they will be improved upon." Three Nations in Race te Perfect Radie Phene At present there is a race among "tcineers of th's ceuntrv. Frame and Germany in the perfeetleu of this sci vice. Ail three count ilea are work werk nig a eng the same generul lines. And they all ure concentrating mi the im im prevement of tint vacuum tubes. Tests arc being conducted at the gigantic radio station at Steny Point L. I., with great secrecy. This htu htu tlen is made up of twelve towers btur Ing nntennuc that stretch npprexi. mutely two miles. It Is understood that no ouert s being made at Stenv lei,)t te transmit the human voice. Exncrl. ments are cencencd entirely with the nidlatlen of carrier waves. Previous, te the trans-eceanic part, lie, part-wireless lelenhnnl, nlcullen the feai hud been acie n'lsluii nver a shorter distance. A dlsi- ,..... 230 miles was placed between " perlmentu tower erected ut Men auk. Nearer Brether heed of Man POSSIBILITIES THRILL THE IMAGINATION Invention May Lead te Much Desired Chat With Plan et Mars Later communication was successfully made between the Mentatik tower ami nn experimental tower nt Ht. Shim's Isjnnd, Ga. In September, 1015, pttt sons In New Yerk spoke with an ob eb erver nt Stare Island. San Francisce. Officials of the telephone company, seated 111 a New Yerk office, plekM tin the receiver of un ordinary Bell phone and talked with Mr. Carty, nt the Mare Island Navy Yard. TKn route wns by wire from New Yerk te Washington, by wireless te Matd Island. Questions nnd nrmwers were glren and returned nlmest Instantly. Tlie voices were distinct nnd recognizable,). "The process," said Bancroft Onw ard!, one of thc engineers of thc com pany, "is very delicate and nbstnisc. It la one which would be almost Impossi ble for thc lay mind te understand. I doubt whether I could prepare an ex planation comprehensible te the un scientific mind. "The system consists of four sets nt Important special apparatus ever whlrt have been spent mouths of work enl ' jenrs of thought." Twe of these sets arc used at eitW end of the wireless space. And th electrical waves transmitted through the air by the apparatus are of tlif same nature as these transmitted ee. the wire by the ordinary telephone. Mr. Ghcrardl has pointed out tkrer great limitations te this serricc. It up plies te wireless telegraphy as well as te wireless telephony : "First. Atmospheric conditions tin-se-called 'static. A wireless uerinl i a structure which catches all these dis turbances. "Second. Thc Interference of ether stations. This can be obviated by tun ing the instruments, but Is still a serious problem. "Third. The lack of secrecy. In sending n wireless telephone mesasf you urn electrically shouting it out te the whole world." Iteccntly, at thc International Com munications Conference In New Yerli conversation wns exchanged betvvce Cntallnn, nn island In the Pncltl Ocean, and the steamship Gloucester i thc Atlantic Ocean. Speech was trans milted by radio telephone from th Gloucester through thc New Jersey sta tien at Dcnl liench, and thence by vrir across the continent te Les Angeles and thence by radio telephone te Oeta Una. Mere recently the overland wlrt service from Key "West te Les Angtlej as joined with thc new submarine ca4 hie te Cuba, and with the rndle tele phone te Catnlina, with the result that speech wns transmitted between an 'nland in the Atlantic and an island in the Pacific. Liner in Mid-Ocean Talks te Felk Ashore Lest March representatives of the press were invited te n demonstration by the American Telephone and Telr crapil Company, ut Its Leng Lines Building, New Yerk. Direct commu nication wns made with Deal Beach, and each guest wus given a telephone receiver. They listened in en conversa tions with n ship en the Atlnntlc, ami talked with friends en beard the ship, The test, It has been stated, showed notably that two-way radio communi cation could be established ever the same wave circuit, nnd that It is quite feasible te connect the radio with the regular nationwide wire system. In ether words, It Is possible for anybody with n phone In his house te talk nt ensp with friends In thc middle of the Atlnntlc. Later in the demonstration, Captain William Kind, of the vcssul America, in mid-ocean, was connected with H II. Thayer, in his country home et New Cannnn, Conn. Captain IHn'1 wus .170 miles at sea. Mr. Thayer, president of the company, used an or dinary telephone line, connected with small exchange. The two men ceuM hear each ether ns distinctly ns If they ere In ndjeinlnir houses. Mr Thajef asked what sort of weather the captain was having and he replied "stormy! He said the weather wus picking up ana that he planned te "land nt Ambrert at 4 o'clock Meuduy." After a little niore pleasant convocation they al'J "Geed night!" The representatives ei the press listened in throughout tbli discussion. At Philadelphia in March before lnrge undlence iu the Acnilemv of Mu" sic, J. J. Curly directed the first dem onstntien of two-wire truiisnibven across the continent ever a twe-ulH circuit. General Cnrty he holds that office in the officers' reserve corps i ennccteu the Academy of Music with the Iran' continental circuit te San Fi.iiaisee. Later ufter u violin sole had been played in San Francisce, and the pl'' ers had heerd the app'ause coming from Philadelphia, n circuit was set "P In the offices of th Pt'nur LwOK". .Tehn J. Snurgeen, editor, without lrv ing his desk, ed'lressed the eudieiicf. und read news dlsuntchcs te be printw In the paper next day. . ..... The new invention offers tnrliuni suggestions. It will supplement ami ' tend wire communication te pine' wiiere it Is impossible te string wires Its use wi'l wed great etpanfes w water, deserts, the icy northern lanei, the cnibi of Africa, with the ceram)' dleiiM offices of great cities. . It will fni'llljnte the business of ' world, and speed who knows--1" long last the very much desired bretMr heed of the world, making al nation! the closest and most Intimate of iieil"' horn. .... ... recelv ..I.;?. indeed iome elu v. we mnv nu "" elver in the telonheno booth at " comer ilruu store, una ter once uu?-r . - m i....in , , of te'llTng great god M.r ,., b a whl grim frenSt mllHM -el