5.i $? fcs Iteri r k Hi I TT-ar Wubficlfe&ger rFtrnuc Ledger company f XtV OTKU8 H. K. CUIITIS, PMSIOWI 'MM C. Martin. Vie President and Treaaurerl 3 Wll.A Tyler. Secretary: Charles It. Ludln- MfE; fnlllP B, Collin. Jehn n. Williams. Jehn J. f!fEM,n' Qerw F aetdamlth, David B. Smller. iera. r jpAVTD g. BttlMiT IMlter JWP C. MARTIN... .OtnenM Bunlntiii Manawr k Fubllshad dally at Pcime Limbs Building r ladarandenca Square, Philadelphia. VUima CBt Pru-UnUm Dulldlnc JSW Tess: 304 Madisen At. 701 Ferd nulldlnl . Lenil. ......... ,613 Olobt-Demecral rtulldlns ICioe 1303 Tribune Bulldlns NEWS DUnCAUS: WiamnareM neiuc. N. E. Cor. rennivlvan a Ava and 14th St. JtSW Tonic rit'aite Th Hun nulMInf dnden Ucsiae Trnfftltar Bulldlna; Ml tim'Ifll'TKIM ti;ii.mh Th Kvknine Funuc I.PMM la served te aub terlbara In l'Mlndrlnnln and mirr6undlna towns at the rata of tnelve (12) ccnla per ueek. raatle leth carrier. k Br. mall te point outside, of Philadelphia la M United fltatea. Canada, or United filatea roe- ana unue aaalent, l 19) rt TV all t ixwun iree, niiy inui cenia per raonte. dollar per 3-ear, payable in advance. Tnrslffn rntintrf-s nn ftll ...it... m .,. -i?Tl0. "iibecrlbera wishing addreia chanted Matt aive old a well aa new address. SIX, SOOO WALNUT KEYSTONE, MAIK 1801 tTJrf.trfjj nil cemmimlcnfldaa te Evening rvbHe Ledger, adepeiideiire Square, I'Mladelfhin. B:2 i , r Member of the Associated Press MTU? ASSOCIATED MESS it exclveivelu en fwled te the rue for repuMleatlen of all tirwa fUPQtcke credited te it or net etherwite credited MiMa jajer, and aIe i Jecal newt publtitted Ail HffMa 0 revuMlcatten e tsectal dateA mjretn are alto reeerved. Philadelphia, Frldij. September 1, l:i THE GROUNDWORK OF THE FAIR WITHIN n fertniclit it Hheuld be pos sible for the piiblie te gnln seme com prehension of the kind of fiilr for which Uppert will be jelicltetl. Colonel D'OHer'N call for n meeting of tbe exposition directors en September lfi constitutes a courngeeu Introduction te realities. Four committees will be nkel te mhke prellmlnnry reper. Th'te will be concerned with the nreli.ible scene of the fair, the construction wmk necesfiry, the financinl mnehincry nnd orgnnizatlen plans. It is refreshing te observe thnt Colonel D'Oller is net nfrnld of fundamentals. Ter mere than n your the possibilities of the fair have been rosily depleted. It is n tine thing, perhaps, te dream, unrestrainedly, but it la a far finer thing te convert the seductive shadow into substance. Almest dispassionately and without the accent of recrimination, Colonel D'Oller ad mits that he has found "no definite plans in the records of the association." It Is futlle te bewail that deficiency What U needful new is groundwork operations. Te start thrie moving is the nbjoet of the scheduled next meeting of the full dlrtvternte. Despite an inevitable proportion of 'k(ptlcs, this community Is i-ager te signalize the one hundred nnd lift leth anniversary of the in dependence of the Republic in the met fitting and splendid manner. But Just what form that commemoration Is te take must be known and appreciated before genuine constructive work can begin. UNDER THE LID WHEN", mere than n year aen. It was as serted in these columns that the illicit traffic in narcotic drugs was lela-ed deli nitcly te ward politics many people who considered themselves well informed viewed the statement as an exaggeration of truth. They wrote nnd said se. They were willing te admit that ward ketlers nnd their bosses were net nngrls; that they might be expected te get their un fortunate, friends out of jail by questionable methods or wink at effens-es agaln-t the liquor laws or encourage gambling ; but it rap w$m A.mnaMai ffcttmt, bra tiku.1 "JFy"wasn ' ""r' we ,vcre t'd, te neetise any t member of an organized political group of 1 participation In a ort of crime that in eme aspects seems a little worse than murder. As the crusade started by Judge Mnna fban progresses, evidence suggestive of po litical protection accorded drug sjndicates has been plentiful. At one moment Charles Lee, bead of the vice squad, said thnt "a million dollars wouldn't be enough te buy a bottle of dope in Philadelphia." A little later, after a raid te which the police were driven by Judge Monaghan, Citv Hall was a bedlam of walling drug victims. New, when great number of men and i 'women are found under the influence of drugs, the peddlers must be somewhere about. Ne one was arrested as a peddler, but among these taken as addicts was one te whom attention e-ght te be directed new. Here is wbnt was said of him In a rou tine news account from City Hall : One of the most Important captures, the, police said, was Jeseph Allegre, alias Jea Ritchie. Ha was arrested as an addict, but police say that he 1b net a user, but a seller, nnd a powerful Intluence In the underworld. Ritchie has long been a Third Ward politician and has been a follower of th Vares. Police records show that he has bean arrested a scorn of times at leat en rarieus charges which always resulted in acquittals. THE EXTREME OF BAD MANNERS WHATEVER may be said for the under lying prlnclple of selective lmmlgra. Hen, it Is incontestable that the operation and interpretation of this measure li.ue established several new record for stupidity and senseless red tape The latest offense resulting from narrow narrew narrow Ttslened, unintelligent enforcement nnd from the failure of Congress te comprehend pos sible effects of its own clumsj handiwork is the exclusion from this country of foreigners who fought abroad under the national flag. If these unfortunates happen te hall from a country whose admission quota has been exhausted, deportation Is the penalty for aler. Representative Brennan, of Michigan, has introduced n bill making an exception of 'aliens formerly enrolled In the American , Army. In common decency it is Imperative v that a, measure of such nature should be parsed. "It seems te me," declares the author of 'the bill, "that America should be glad te i welcome te its shores nny alien who velun- ,ta"rlly served under our Hag during the great war or the next nkin of such a veteran " VFAME AND W. H. HUDSON ' fpHE foreign cables at this moment are A'J-,' obviously overcrowded. Respecting thin J eJjnjlUierit no correspondent in Europe saw fltHO record en the wire or by radio the eJelth'ln England of W. II. Hudsen, natural . lst'and novelist. , It la true that some years age Jehn Oals Oals 'werthy pronounced Hudsen, then a septua geaarlan, te be a "simple narrator, well sdgb unsurpassed" and "a stylist who has few, if any, equals." Admirers of u unique and fervent tnlent, n glowing blend of in in terpretatlve philosophy, profound erudition and poetic insight concurred in this ver iilet. But the Hudsen circle has been small riaad disciples within It have, en the whole, Menca mat importunate neiugercney which Ssia se Important a factor in winning popular attention. .The death In Londen of the author of 'Green Mansions" wns reported te the TVestern World by the very same agency of transportation operative- before Cyrus I'leld. A copy of the Londen Times contained an bituary. Further information wb co. ynjfti In a letter te Mr. Hudsen's American yajbHsiiers. The cables, busy with Ganna, ma--tViM. D'Annunzie. the Fascist). th iajrT" Cambodian dancers, the attoandtet ly monef -ameus King of Slam and Emile Cene, pre served silence upon the passing of one of the most remarkable literary craftsmen of the age., Hudsen would have been the last te com plain of such neglect. He was, for ene thing, uecd te it in ether ferme. The lat ter yenrs of his long llfe are said te have been spent in semi-poverty. Yet as a literary naturalist, as exempli fied in such works aa "British Birds," "Birds of La FlatA" and "Argentine Orni thology," he had no equal In England. Scientifically, he was in some respects wor thy of rank with Wallace. As a mystic, he flowered In "The Cryt' Age"; as a pecullerly delicate and sympathetic his torian In "The Purple Land That England Lest," nnd os n superb romancer in "Green Mansions," thnt unmatched picture of tropical Venezuela, passionately set forth with the throb nnd fervor of Shelleyan verse. Without that lusty truculcnce of spirit which has se vigorously festered the post humous fame of Samuel Butler, laurels for Hudsen may even new come tardily. That they are his due must be plain te any for fer for tunnte reader of his varied and highly Indi vidualistic works. IS THERE NOT A BETTER WAY TO SETTLE WAGE DISPUTES The Ceal Strike Seems te Be Ending Where It Began With Ne Benefit te Any One, but With a Great Less te the Country TT IS impossible te learn exactly what the coal strike has cost the country because of the difficulty In the way of getting all the facts. Experts In Washington, however, hnve begun te make estimates which tbey admit te be Inadequate. The less in wages of G00.000 miners can be computed with considerable nccuracy. It is put at $430,000,000. The less te the operators in profits is es timated at $40,000,000. The direct cost te the public In the In creased price which has been paid for coal is put at $100,000,000. The less te the railroads In freight revenue Is $300,000,000. And the Increased cost te the country from new until April of next year for the coal that it will consume Is put at $300, 000.000. This makes a total of mere than a billion dellnrs. Ne account is taken of the less te workers in Industries which have had te he oper ated en part time or closed altogether be cause of the shortage of coal. Ner is e less te business in general because of the decreased purchasing power of the Idle workers included. New, the question which ought te be seriously considered Is whether the strike has been worth what It has cost. I'nder the plnns for Its settlement the workers rre te return te their jobs nt the old rate of wages. The operators wished te reduce the wages and the miners wished te have them Increased. At least they professed this desire. A 20 per cent reduction was pro posed by the operators and a 21 per cent Increase wns asked by the men. There were here nil the elements needed te compromise en the existing rate last April, the compromise which is new In the process of making. But neither side was willing te make any concessions last spring. And they make concessions new only because public sentiment Is forcing them te It. The expectation Is that Tlthln a few dnys the employers nnd the empleyes will be back just where they were en April 1, with nothing te show for five months' Idleness save the enormeuB Ies te themselves nnd te the country. What has been achieved is net worth a billion dollars te any one. It ought te be possible for intelligent men te devise some plan which will prevent Fuch great losses in the future. They have net yet learned, however, hew te profit by ex perience. Although every strike Is ended by nego tiations between the two parties te It and although most of thera end with no advan tage gained by either side, it seems te be impossible te escape a period of Idleness and economic less every time a wage agree ment has te be renewed. Impossible cleims are made by each side at the beginning, claims that neither side expects te have recognized. Then there Is a period of strife during which the men try te ccerce the employers and the employers try te coerce the men. And finally there la delayed agreement en wages nnd conditions of work after negotiations which might have been carried en successfully without any In terruption of work. Of course, this comes about because of the conflict between selfish lnt rests and because of the lack of a sene of public responsibility In the minds of the parties te the conflict. The employers want te in crease their profits by reducing' wages te the minimum for which men can be Induced te work nnd the men want te increase their wages te the hlghcn rnte which they can force the employers te puy. Indeed, Samuel Gompers has been known te say that there is no maximum wage short of the total product of labor which will satisfy the men. He made this statement when he wns nsked whether a fixed per centage of the greH reielpts of n business would be acreptahlc as the wage fund for that business. He would (ensent te no fixed percentage. The necessity for rapltal te earn divi dends forces the trustees of the cap'tul te combat this position of labor. And the un satisfied hunger of labor for higher wages forces It te combat the trustees of capital every time there is n new wage adjustment. But there must be some way out of this Intolerable situation, especially when it affects the essential industries. Industrial war does net produce any 'jenefits which could net be secured In fuller measure by peaceful Industrial negotiation. There hna te be negotiation anyway, even when there is war. It Is by negotiation that the war Is ended. Why can it net he prevented by negotia tion? Are men se unreasonable that they cannot find n way te keep Industries in op eration? Are they se indifferent te the gen eral geed that they are willing te sacrifice it while they mnkii a vain attempt te get by force thnt which If justifiable they (Hn inmli mere easily get bj negotiation? The time Is coming when the public In terest will be regarded aa of greater cense- qaence than the private Interests of any '!''!'V;-1WK " ""$' EVENING1 PUBillO-iLEDGErtPHIIJteEBBHIA!; FJ particular group of employers and em em peoyes. When that time does come the authority of the people ns n whole will be summarily exerted te prevent a shutting down of the coal mines or nny interruption in the op eration of the railroad trains, But if the immediate parties te labor dis putes can find n way te compose their dif ferences without an Interruption of work In essential industries it will be unnecessary te call in the authority of the publlc-nt-large through its official and legally con stituted agents. ON FOREIGNERS THE foreigner In the United Slates that is, the person born abroad nnd net yet admitted te citizenship In this country must sometimes be flattered by the volume of talk and discussion that rages about him. He Is nt best a small and feeble and poverty-stricken minority. Tct there nre Americans who seem te lie nwnke nt night in fear that this stranger within the gates will seize the Government nt Washington and put nil the cnptnlns of Industry topflight before morning. Mr. Mitten, In his admirable address te the empleyes of the P. R. T. at Willow Greve, came perilously near n fall Inte the habit of bread generalization which still confuses our thinking in almost every mat ter that Involves "foreigners." It Is true, ns the president of the P. R. T. asserts, that the country has been tee ready te open Its arms te all sorts of turbulent and unfit and mentally twisted emigrants. And it le equnlly true that n great many of the sins attributed alike te capital and te labor are nothing mere than miner errors of prnctlce or judgment reflected through the minds of aliens of nn unnsslmllntcd and Irreconcilable type engaged in the business of radical propaganda. Thnt labor has suffered as mneh ns capi tnl from the forclgn-bern radical has been clearly proved a dozen times in the course of the rail and coal strikes. Forclgn-bern workmen of a red tendency, without nny discernible relationship with the striking shepmen, made attempts te wreck Western trains. Herrln Is populated for the most part by foreign-born miners. But it i only fair te remember thnt there arc foreigners nnd foreigners. If emigrants occasionally bring a taste for radicalism te this country, they have also brought, In n far larger measure, a taste for better things. Frem England and Wnles and Ire land nnd Germany they brought the habits of industry which helped te develop the wcnlth ami power of the country. Frem Itniy and ether pnrts of Europe they brought n love for music nnd nil the finer nrts. It Is unfortunate for the "foreigners" as a class that they are represented In the news of the day only through the misbehavior of an almost indistinguishable minority of their kind. A public that rends of murders com mitted by "foreigners" in Illinois or of at tempts by "foreigners" te wreck railway trains in accordance with the communist doctrines of sabotage will net nlwnys step te remember that the great orchestras of the country nre composed for the most part of foreigners or that feirlgnefs continue peacefully and patiently te de the greater part of the hard labor of the land. And no indictment or criticism of the un willing nnd unfit alien clement can be com plete until It includes the Fystem ergnnlzcd jointly by seekers after cheap labor nnd the steamship companies te entice te America great numbers of old-country people who, left te their own devices, would have re mained nt home. It is hnrd te blame even this minority for its persistent aberrations. It was badly used under the hideously cor rupt political nnd social syrtems of old Europe In its endeavor te escape with the nid of the herder' of cheap labor nnd the steamship agents- it packed its bates with the rest of its baggnse and landed them without nny question from the pert authori ties in theVnited States. All thnt Mr. Mitten nnd ethers sny about the shiftlessness of this class nnd the hnrra it docs is justified. And se is nny nppe.il which. like the one directed te the P. R. T. empleyes by their chief, suggests n return te old-fashioned virtues, such as simplicity of habit nnd the ability te find enjoyment in decent work decently done. If It is ever possible te restore the vanishing spirit of craftsmanship te this distrncted earth, car penters nnd biicklnjers nnd conductors en tiains and plumbers ought te be able te get mere fun out of their labors than less use ful folk often get out of golf nnd cabarets nnd the like. But it wns the rise of ma chine methods, rather than nnr decline of human virtue, thnt did most te eliminate the craftsman from modern Industry. Machinery, properly adjusted te meet the needs of civilization rather than te make greater nnd greater wealth for a diminish ing few, may bring the craftsman bnck again. We may leek for some such miracle when machines nre the servants of work men and net their swift, exnctlng nnd re lentless masters. THE PINCHOT PRINCIPLE G1I-TORD PINCHOT has appropriately quoted himself en the subject of political activities by officeholders. That new hls t.Mic letter' In which the nsplrant for the governorship warned empleyes of the "De partment of Forestry against the misuse of their efflclnl positions for furthering his primary campaign was explicit and te the It is new Mr. Pinchot's privilege, one of the rewards of bis unshadewed sincerity nnd consistency, te cite his own fiat as n precedent for the conduct of the guberna torial contest. It is net every politician who can pub licly recall his own words without getting into trouble. Glfferd Plnchet, ns hnn been evident for some time, is no respecter of ignoble tradition. He has net chanced his r"rinclples with favoring winds. What wns condemned by lilrn in the primaries Is equally an object of nbhertence in the fall campaign for Governer. The republication of his original letter en the subject Is npt nnd its significance Is enhanced by additional ndmonitlens, confirming his candid nnd vigorous stand. "I shall consider," declares the Repub lican enndidnte for Governer, "any such breach of official propriety, net as a proper and friendly action but as a wrong and unfriendly one." In ether words, Mr. Plnchet condemns the practice of assessments nnd electioneer ing "en office time" en principle. The fnct that lie might be, if he chose, the recipient of the erganised efforts of job-holders with an eye te the main chnnce only increases the measure of bis disapproval. It is assuredly n new day In Pennsyl vania politics when a campaign is launched en such n basis ns that upon which Mr. I'inchet InslstR. Wilmington, Del., cot Department or Is mothering eleven Unnatural History chickens she stelo and hid, according te re port. We nw-nlt news of the hen that is caring for the kittens the cat neglects. And when the kittens develop n taste for corn nnd grits nnd the chickens have be come expert rat catchers we leek for .1 story really worth while fiem the hurd hurd werklng correspondents. j A3 ONE WOMAN SEES IT Astonishingly Larga Number of These Who Have Made Geed en Their Jobs Just "Chanced" te Get Them Courage la the One Thing Needed By 8ARAII D. LOWBIB A GIRL I knew was cheesing chlntsts in n shop n little off Fifth avenue this spring, She was se particular nnd choosey about It that her mother, whose summer drawing room they were being selected for, get rcstlve nnd endenvered gently te hasten the process by energetically admiring each new piece ns It wns held up with a kind of final air, as though nothing could possibly be se suitable and no geed would come of looking further. But the girl went through the piles, laid this nslde and that, then contemplated the Pile of saMatlens and chose a hnlf-dezen likeliest cms from that, and finally nar rowed the choice down te one or two, of which she calmly nsked for samples te take neme and tlilpk nlieut overnight. As the woman who had been showing the chintzes was wrapping up the ones for the "trial trip" the owner of the shop came from behind n table where she bad been studying some house plans, and nodding plcnsnntiy te the mother of the girl, said te the girl herself: "Yeu would net by nny chance care for a position here with me as my assistant in this very Important end of house decora tion? I want some one who is as interested nnd naturally intelligent ns you te help me about hangings and colors and light and dark roots of a room. Very few persons have that tnste naturally. leu have It, I seel" I THINK then nnd there the girl applied for the position. She had wanted te try herself out in just such n niche, nnd be cause she was the child of people who bought beautiful things rather than sold them, she had been n little nt n less hew te go about being n business woman nnd was quite naturally modest ns te her fitness without training te apply for such a position as would ghc her n chance te exercise her taste nnd at the same time lenm the real foundations of buying r.nd selling, pleasing n customer nnd satisfying nn employer and making n reputation that she could some day turn te ncceunt for herself. Well, here wns her chnncc, which even her mother could net quite ignore, because the wemnn who se casually hud given it te her ,1s really n power In her profession and one "whose "word gees" en anything that has te de with Interior decoration. ONE or another friend that I have who has made geed In her profession or life work has happened upon her original chance in much the same offhand way. Seme of them "get going" bv their war jobs; that is, get the Idea of what they wanted te de. One of Dr. Felix Adler's daughters lit upon n very unique profession ever In New lerte from her hospital experience, and also from knowing the need of half-time employment for persons who were net yet physically strong. She constituted herself regularly ns a go between for these who wanted te work for part of n day nnd for these who only needed part-time help in their business or homes or recreations. It was perfectly surprising bow many hitherto misfits she wns able te fit into just the right occupation. It began probably with semi-disabled sol diers, but it lias ended in her placing scores of people old, jeung, married, widowed, strong or only just strong enough in po sitions where they could answer n long-felt need and wholly or partially support them selves. Just ns the visiting nurse who comes In for the most difficult part of the day's nurs ing, jet who cannot stay for the mere enter tainment of tiie patient or for the minutlne of meals and of the lesser sickroom atten tions, se there nie ether women fitted for situations in n household or In a business when the extra help te lift the burden from the family or the office emplejea Is only needed for part time. (if course, it takes nn ingenious mind and one quick te see combinations thnt can nd just these scattered -nrts te work in n harmonious whole. I de net knew wbnt charge Miss Adler mnkes as her well-earned commission In this business venture, but I was interested te have her tell me that she was coming te Philadelphia te open nn office for us, having "tried It en the deg" in New Yerk. i HEARD of Fome girls who spent winter before last In California when their father, n lather well-known broker of the plunger type, wns temporarily clown and out. leaving them stranded en the Pacific Slope somewhere near Les Angeles and the merry center of Hollywood. These girls had been about te go home, the season out there having ended, nnd, in fact, their chaperon hnd preceded them nnd wns well en her way back East, when they received word from their father te step where they were until he could gather funds te pny their various bills nnd send them their rnlliead faies. They stepped with some trepidation, fc their bills weic laiger than he knew, mill then they bethought them of the meUcs: Tliej went down te one of the largest btudleH and get taken en, with no questions, in n society play that was being put through. Their clothes, their manners nnd their general prettlness seen made them mere than welcome. In fnct,, the best look ing of the two get tnken en In rnther n leading part after a rehearsal or two. Ever thing was going merrily both for the play and for their bills, r.lnce they were drawing well eer $.10 a day between them, when they suddenly received n fat check from their father, who had made geed en the market. Thev cashed It and left for the East next day, leaving a ery irate . nd dis comfited director In the mewe studio. Fer the films In which they had almost starred were no longer of any use, since he could net finish the play with them ns conspicuous characters In the firHt half and net nt all In the second half. THE manager vhem they had se carelessly left in the lurch told me that never ngaln would he take en n society girl without making her sign u contract te stay until the lust film was "shot." But all the while I was out In the film country I heard talc nfter tale of movie successes who had "just hnppened in" be cause they were dead broke or curious or Idle or wanting te lenm hew te write for the movies, seldom because they hnd chosen that particular occupation in serious earnest. In fnct, the mero I see of people who nre round pegs In round holes, the mero I am convinced thnt the generality ej successes "took u chance" en doing n thing rather than seriously prepared themsuHcB for n life calling. There aie many persons, nn the ether hand, who haw baffled me by turning down very geed (bailees that 1 have seen thrown in their way from timidity because they lacked what they supposed was the proper experience. And, Indeed, In the long run that Is the mnln difference between the men who step short of renl success and the men who forge ahead or leap ahead or get ahead, InAVE offered perfectly fine positions te persons who hnve been afraid te try them, nnd again I lime seen ethers take them who hud had even less preliminary experience and make geed. I once asked n girl te make a statuette of a woman. The girl had never modeled in clay nnd nver mnde n pertrt.lt until then that was mere than a Imsty sketch. She did net knew the first thing about hew te go about wiring the clay llgure for the first model, nnd she web vague about hew such things were made into plaster casts. Rut she was game and took the job and learned ns she went oleng nnd made u very delight ful success of the whole enterprise, She liked the ndventure of attempting something which she had never done befeie, Muriel McCormick says she is going into the movies te avoid publicity. The Idea assuredly baa originality. iAW-$$ pTW .-- '" I'WtsT At; SEHflEjMBER .I1. frW.TO ..,. "J'llWMWJ I OUT AT LAST iLmmiumjmi M is. - f NOW MY IDEA IS THIS ! Daily Talks With Thinking Philadclphians en Subjects They Knew Best FRANKLIN W. HEATH On Philadelphia's Part In American Printing THE City of Philadelphia has always been one of the leading centers. If net the very greatest center, of printing in the United States, for all the leading branches of the printing nrt, books, newspapers nnd com mercial printing, pays Franklin W. Hentli, secretary of the Typethctne of Philadelphia. "The distinction which Philadelphia wen in Colonial dnys," said Mr. Heath, "as the greatest center of American printing, was in n large measure due te the fact thnt Benjamin Franklin, the pntren saint of the craft, whose birthday, January 1". is generally observed by printers, wns estab lished in this city ns enrly as 172.1. The printing house set up by him and his part ner, Hugh Meredith, 'near the market nt 51 High street (new 185 Market street). Is still in existence. . . , "But Benjamin Franklin, besides being a printer, wns n typefeunder, en ink mnker nnd an engraver, thus exemplifying in his own career all the chief branches of the great printing trade which were te come in later years. He engraved the plntes himself nnd printed nn issue of the paper money of "the Colony of New Jersey, 'be sides having no rival ns n public printer in the Colony of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia's Rank Today "Ab publisher of the Pennsylvania Gazette, which lives today os the Saturday Evening Peet, the literary and tvnegrnpliical nbillty of Franklin seen made his publica tion the best American newspaper of its day in every way. With a prestign like this it is little wonder that Philadelphia new is nnd .nlwnys bus been among the very lenders of the nrt in the United States. "Printing in Philadelphia has increased in volume until it is new the third city In the United States In the commercial value of Its product. In 1835 the Employing Printers' Association of Philadelphia wns formed, embracing in its membership most of the reputnble shops in the city. In 1SSS the Typothetae of Philadelphia was feriued and still continues te function. Cliiten McMichnel was Its first president. Extent of the Trade "Seme idea of the extent of the printing trade in Phllndclphta'tedny may be gained from the figures of the last canvass made of the business in this city in 1010. At that time the general survey showed the sales te be in excess of $20,000,000 for the enr, at nn expense of mero than $10, 000,000, the overage profit being 7.0 per cent. "Aside from the privnte plants, there are nbeut 7000 persons directly employed In the trnde and 1500 mere in office work. Considering dependents, it mny be con servatively estimated that nt least -10, 000 persons nre dependent upon the commercial printing industry of the city for their liveli hood. "The Typethctne, through its educational work In accounting, Beiling, estimating nnd improved methods of production, has prac tically revolutionized the printing Industry nnd put the printer en n Bound financial footing, elevating him from the bottom of the list of commercial ratings te well tewnrd the top. It is probable that today the printer knows mere accurately the manufac turing cost of his product at all stages tlm any ether line of manufacture, nnd this is due almost entirely te the educational work of the Typotlictee. Many Philadelphia "Firsts" "Philadelphia has an Imposing list of 'firsts' in the commercial development of the United Ptntus, but It is doubtful If in any line the showing Is mere imprcsbive thnn In printing nnd Its affiliated branches. Seme of these nre: The first lithographing plant in the United States was established in this city in 1812 by Bass Otisj the first advertising ngency in the country In 1840 by Volney B. Pnlmer; Gedcy's Lady's Boek, the first publication of Its kind, wns started hern In 183(1 by Leuis A, Godey, and the first religious newspaper in the country in 1813 by Jehn Welwoed Scott "Resides these, one of the lending manu facturers of printers' inks was established here In 1801 nnd still Is In existence, (( period of US years, nnd one of Hie princi pal stationery houses has been In existence for mere than a century. Philadelphia also Is today the leading center for Sunday school ". , - v. f, '' vs' w'nrairaFifr 1922 rublicntlens In the United States, mere than 4.000.000 Sunday school scholars being served from this city. "But enviable ns is the record of the city, It cannot claim the origin of the printing lndustrv in the country. The history of the cruft began In Massachusetts, nt llnr vard UnlvciMty, when the Rev. Jesse Glever. In the early days of both the Colony nud the college, sent n press nnd type from England, together with n printer, named btepben Day or Daye, with supplies of paper and books for iiis book shop. Fer tblity j ears this wns the one place in the Colony of Massachusetts, where printing wns done. "Pennsylvania, however, wns the second Colony te set up a printing press, this being done by William Bradford, in K1S0, In this city or rnther 'near Philadelphia. ' !V I'1," ""'iniiiirements said. Like most of the Philadclphians of that day Bradford was n Quaker. Connecticut followed with its st 'I? in 170- Maryland In 172(1. jrglnia in 1.29 and then no mere until li.til. The Early Newspapers uTtle flr.st np"6Paper in the Celonies wns Pi'WrU" nsten in 1,58 nn'' enlled 1 iibllck Occurrences. Only ene issue np np peered, when the publication was suppressed by the authorities en the ground thnt 'news papers meddled In hlgli matters.' In 1704 the first Issue of the Bosten News Letter niipeared nnd was the first newspaper es- lJJ 1.1 id .iin mIP r,eni(s. u"ng changed Inter te the Massachusetts Gazette. "In 1710 the American Weekly .Mercury wns Marled in Philadelphia, which was the second city In the Celonies te have a news-inPf- If mi"? 1" '"'"Rising sheet, nnd 3 t!i l.,",!?Ii!,lle', " arce"it of the bnttle of Philllpsburg, with a diagram showing the positions nnd the movements of the troops. In Ii75 there were thlrtv-three papers pub Ished in the Celonies, of w ch Pennsylvania had nine. "Newspaper publication, stimulated bv pre-revolutlennry agitation and afterward, caused the Americans ln become nn Intcsel newspnper-levlng people. Jn is 10 here were .i.,0 newspapers published in the United States of which PennsUan ,, SOve n ty V",i(.n!ich WUB ,""" thnn nny etJier State. In Iflfie, only ninety years later, there werc 15,001 newspapers In the United States. Ihls was slightlv mere than one-half of world?"' " (31,020) I,nWtal'l In the What De Yeu Knew? QUIZ Hew many Presidents of the Unit ww,1?nw'T bern,ln Vermont? ,"d what Is n ginseng? hat Is n minster? gje pie'iM enxu??"'0 Jhat Is n glrandeln? spekcnC?OUmry 'H Ule PrnMt ""age 'werJlMndary?0' "ron""tlen of the What Is n recoup diamond? In what war of the lTnitr,i ... the Battle efjCnasnl 7WM Answers te Yesterday's Quiz "Like patlence en n monument" Is from SI akesponre'a comedy. "Twelfth Mfiht," In n passage ilcscrllilni, tii T Pangs of unrequited jive. ,,nK the Isothermal lines nre tbose common.,,. Gulnnii Is the name BVen te the ceastnl region and hinterland of nerthenstern Seuth America between I rain .mS Xf Ut',1."' !,lm,a ls " old .mmo'fei the territory bordering en the "uiif ? Oulnen en (he west coast e ! Africa J. H. Grcuze, n noted French ArHst painted the familiar p cture "Th Broken ritcher." He died In mnK GrS?h,.,r, 'r et nance la a "inelnle of political economy te the effect ,? bad money drives out koecI if ...?' originally applied te the effee ,m m the circulation of mutilated wern1 or depreciated coinage. It takes Its n,nr from Its author, Themas arcih21n? distinguished financier am tcnnSmiSi of the sixteenth century In l5 L ffilfi1 A tantivy h n huntliiK ervlii.i ,.,." ' thai the chase .Tfuii'V ! ' '" also a lapld-rubhlng mee.,cut s The bonks or tlu IViit.ileuel , ,,, (!n Slfrtaiaj. U'Ut,0US' '"" m". ThLatneAmeriecld l hftV0 r,eln '" f COftftHMF f3 bsb li! rf-MCif '' jfs a' wpwjs r ,, - , s' ' " xrT 'i'gwilJ SHORT CUTS R ! Oysters I May these w! e deplore the SesqUl live te admire it. What France seems te be working ftt is a Ruhr-back. California politico-barometrical greet ing: 'Le. Hi I Peroxide selves the mystery of many a mystery blend. There is no scarcity of chickens at tie county fair at Egg Harber. Sennte steering committee's plans sug gest thnt somebody's beefing. Modern European history Is a succes sion of crises nnd compromises, i The German mint is, apparently, still determined te make its mark. Judge Monaghan is a duty-addict and here s hoping heMl never be cured. Amendments considered showed Oea cress terg between Ceal BUI and Thlngen i. ,?h? Pfa .Soviet ls said te have purged itself of bolshevism. Moscow papers please copy. Lenlne and Tretrky may leek ea aa American commercial commission te Sauls ns being next deer te recognition. We nre new hunting for special mm mm tlen the county fnlr that does net this year premise mere cxhlbltB than ever before. Advertising expert says: "They wrenl Opportunity who says she knocks but one?' Rut Pericarp nvers she doesn't knock it till, but boosts. vim.i.A ?mpanJ. n"9 bcen incorporated at hite Plains, N. Y., te make ocean wavei produce compressed uir and power. What the wild waves are reputed te be saylni, st'rike?"0' y Wrry "beUt a " .. i )Y' ,T- Bry.an inveighs against the shallowness" of newspapers because tbey discuss his haircut when there are se many hig subjects te deal with. But because in en Intellectual feast there is a roast, shsll the nuts be ignored? Akren, O., physician has demonstrated' that he can live for n week without leelnf weight en fifty centa n day expended la Akren restaurants. And having proved hi point the chances nre thnt he straightway blew himself te n square meal. .!, he Un'Yfs'ty pf. Hawaii has discovered that the centipede kills great quantities of cockroaches, mosquitoes and ether noxleul Insects nnd that its bite la no mere dan gerous thnn that of the 'bee or the waip. Hew true it is that ene seldom knows ene'i friends ! Cnrllule u'ninnn mnfliA. nt !. 1.l1. dren, has received a bequest of $15,000 freB a ?sew Jersey physician, a stranger she root cm n trnln last October nnd conversed with less than an hour. Truth (if we mny b allowed te evolve nn entirely new thought) is stranger than fiction. Germany is willing, it ls said, te sub mit te eutside financial control for the sake of n thrce years' moratorium provided America is represented en the beard and I-rnnce docs net control. France may ac quiesce. In both enses Necessity may previ the mother of Compromise. Marlen, O., danelnf He Won't Be teacher tells Chicago Hastened Association of Dnncinl Mnsters that the Pre'' dent prefers conservative dances nnd yer age learned the waltz and the two-step, bail drew the line nt the cake-wulk (then popu lar) as being tee strenuous. The President, It may be noted, still moves conservatively. Chilean representatlrl at the meeting of tn' Institute of Interna tional Law at OreneblCj a "world association el together thn Lnnfflli, el Fer World Peace Fiance, suggests. Mutes' te link Nations, the Pan-Alilerleiin Union nml thesl Governments which lire members of ueltber. Here ls nn idea that Is going te perslJ until it amounts te something, ijMJBBSa ,r--i. ...- .' , - 4SL PjPjPjPjPjPjPjPjPjPjPjPjPjPjPjPjPjPjPjPjPjPjPjPJ ..:.,., i i u- i. tLt i. -.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers