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ALLOTMENT FOR MONTH
IS EXCEEDED BY GREEKS
WITHIN A
Ellis Island Officials Say Wild Rush
Shows Impracticability of Law.
Tell of Ingenious Devices Used by
Immigrants te Enter Country Seme
Rejected End Lives
TICTURE a great modern argosy of steel steamships, all racing through
the seas, burning excess eeal, en 3000-mile voyages from Mediter
ranean, western and northern ports of Europe, and all having a common
goal.
Each ship is packed te the limit of its third-class or steerage quarters
with' argenauts in search of a new deal in life, particularly these from the
oath and cast of Europe.
Commanders of these vessels are striving by superior speed, seaman
ship or shrewd maritime maneuver te arrive at the principal American
portal at the exact moment when they may first obtain lawful landing
ler their human freight under the new
The incoming voyagers have
dreamed long of the land across the
en.
These who have gene befere have
written te say there are no perse
cutions, no pogroms, and te tell
xnctly hew many drachmas, lire,
rubles, lei or various kinds of
krenen and marks a mere day's
wages will buy. All languages are
spoken in this wonderland where the
buildings reach the sky and the
treets surpass any cinema.
In latter-day steerage quarters
one recent morning, en beard one of
these ships, the Cente Rosse, were
1068 men, women and children. They
danced, sang and romped as they
neared the American coast. They
ftasted , en herring, bread, cheese
'and garlic.
Having miraculously contrived
each te scrape together $250, for
steamer passage, minimum landing
capital of $50 and incidental ex
penses, and , having in many cases
staked their all en this magic Amer
ica, they were new at the gates of
the land of their high hopes. All
were excited; all in highest ex
pectancy. Race for Shere Means
Much te Human Carge
When a befogged dawn gradually
broke ever New Yerk harbor, en the
morning of July 1, a fleet of such
ships, including several from the
once classic shores of Greece, were
revealed at anchor. They had slipped
silently through the Narrows after
the stroke of midnight, in order te be
the first in pert with their profitable
'human cargoes' under the second
year's operation of the greatly dis
eussed Dillingham Immigration Act.
'Je at least three Greek ships,
getting in first after midnight meant
the difference between big profit and
big less, with heavy fines added by
the American Government. i
The business reason for the great
Transatlantic Handicap is net far
te seek. The Dillinghqm per centum
law, which has served te cut
down immigration from Southeast
ern Europe by four-fifths, permits
net mere than 3 per cent of the par
ticular nationality in each case resi
dent In this country as shown by the
1910 census, te enter the Unitnd
States in any year, and of the num
ber admissible net mere than 20 per
cent may enter in one month.
Because of the intense compe
tition of the steamahip companies
and because of the economic and
social distress in the Mediterranean
countries, that 20 per cent allotment
is sure te be absorbed in the first
month of the fiscal year in the case
of immigrants from the latter
nations.
Allotment for Menth
Filled in Few Hours
Last week's beginning of the sec
ond year of operation of the new
law, which became effective June 3,
1921, found the Greeks, with a total
allotment of 329 .immigrants for
the year, trying te jam 659, the full
month's allotment, into the country
in the first few hours of the period.
Since the Mediterranean lines new
get a stecra'ge fare of about $160
from the farthest ports, or twice
what the first-class passage was less
than a decade age, the business is
profltahle and there is bitter rivalry
among them.
The present fierce competition is
tlfl,J K !, tBnt n,f tt n
stssmship commander fails te get
his Immigrant charges into pert in '
tint, since the ships are examined!
wwu in wie cnronejogicai i
V
FEW HO URS
and severe selective restrictions.
order of their arrivals, his company
Is fined $200 for each immigrant de
ported, and restitution of fare must
be made te each of such passengers
who must also be returned home at
the company's expense.
Efferts at co-operation te divide
equitably the immigrant business se
that no excess passengers will be
brought ever from the closely re
stricted regions have failed, largely
because of the attitude of the Greek
lines. It has therefore become a
matter of cutthroat competition and
let the devil take these who lag in
the race.
Arrival Means Fight
te Beat Queta Figures
As was the case twelve months age,
the first day of arrivals at the opening
of the new immigration year was one
of quarrels between steamship com
panies and Government officials, te say
nothing of anxieties and uncertainties
for the steerage argenauts. The losing
or the winning of large sums of money
was Involved In the contests which may
be adjudicated only by beards of review
or finally in the Federal courts.
After this year's fleet had raced
across te glve the Immigration Service
mere trouble than It has had since the
armistice, the ships Jockeyed for an
chorage just outside the International
maritime boundary. Without the Am
brose Channel lightship en all of the
night closing the fiscal year, lay the
steamers.
Few slept In the steerage quarters
that night except the youngest children.
Lights twinkled out of portholes through
the murk of a thick night. There were
animated conversations. Snatches of
song, the thrumming of guitars and
the sounds of dancing en the decks were
wafted ncress the waters.
Of a scere of big steamers, a round
dozen of merchantmen were laden with
wine 7000 Immigrants.
Feg had obscured them throughout
the greater part of the day as they had
carefully felt their way westward from
.Nantucket, but all the captains were In
excited wireless communication with
their agents, seeking and receiving In
structions about their dash Inte pert
when midnight should have struck.
Say Wild Dash Shows
Impracticability of Law
The Inequalities of the situation were
evident. Since the Deportment of Laber
has Inadequate means of holding the
human tide In check at Its source, It Is
u case of first come first counted. The
early steamer te enter pert and claim
Its ttecrage passengers agnlnst the quota
from a country under the existent rigid
restrictions Is of course treated as a
winner and bears off the spoils.
Anether vebsel of blower speed, or
that Is held up by fog or accident or
peer coal, has te pay the stiff penalties
of a loser, regardless of the fact that
hbe left her home pert In geed faith
with a reasonable nllen passenger com
plement that there was every reason
te believe would be admitted te the
United States.
The spectacle of laBt week's wild dash
of the alien steamships and their fight
for favorable pobltlen was regarded by
Immigration officials as a forceful dem
onstration of the Impracticability of the
new restrictive act. With the many
problems arising, It became necessary for
Secretary Davis, of the Department of
Laber, te appoint a tpecial beard of
review te sit at New Yerk und pass en
caes of appeal.
The beard consists of Geerge 11.
Harris, Geerge W. Hepe und Themas
Themas. These men must endeavor te
feu that the quality of mercy is net
strained, that Justice Is served, that the
Inw Is firmly enforced end yet that
""""B " coming year an aueve 3 ner
eX ate 73
the Unlted Stategf
A , ,.-lng Mmnan
tJle Acropolis came) Inte .the pert V
M V
rj
New Yerk just after midnight within
a few seconds of each ether. They
were se close together that they had te
go te court te Bct'tle which get In first,
and after a battle the Kins Alexander
wen. In the meantime the penned-up
steerage passengers waited In anxiety
and speculated en the outcome
This year the two ships were again
in the line-up with such chips as the
Argentina, the Cente Rosse, the Presl-
dente Wilsen and many ethers, but the
King Alexander Indisputably wen with
her Greek Immigrants, for the unlucky
Acropolis was delayed supposedly by
peer coal, and arrived several days
later.
She faced having te pay $18,000 In
fines en ninety surplus passengers, be
sides returning them and refunding their
passage money, as it was known she
could net turn back because of perish-
nble cargo and ether considerations.
Three steamers brought In a total of
mere Greek Immigrants than the law
allows.
It se happened that the fag settled
the winners of this year's race and two
steamships made Quarantine neck and I
i 'Si-.i
?y
i.vte:i
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kii
neck. They were the Prcsldente Wil Wil
eon and the Italian steamship Argen
tina, both from Mediterranean ports.
They were clesply followed by the
Latvia from the Mediterranean and the
Vasarl from Seuth America. The Cente
Rosse came In later in the morn
ing. Although the King Alexander
was fogbound and could net get inside
wlXh the mrllest arrivals she out
stripped her rlvaj. the Acropolis.
There were 1708 steerage passengers
en the ships thnt managed te slip In
through the fog the first morning, and
of these, 1321 Lere Immediately received
at Ellis Island and handled by the
much-mduced force of Inspectors.
The staff worked hours overtlme the
first night and all day Sunday without
overtime remuneration such as Is paid
the customs inspectors. Mere ships
entered pert en Sunday, and the over
worked Inspection force get little time
even for sleep.
On Ellis Island Harry R. Landls,
Assistant Commissioner of Immigra
tien, was bcslpgcd by assistants and In
spectors and lawyers representing ar
riving clients. His desk was piled high
with official papers for examination, de
cisions and signature. It didn't leek
as though he reuld ever wade out be
neath the mass of details presented for
his immediate qctien.
Ingenious Devices Used
te Circumvent the Law
When a newspaper caller wedged in
and contrived te ask questions between
telephone calls and messengers bring
ing fresh questions und masses of docu
ments Mr. Landis managed smilingly
te say :
"Our present predicament in han
dling this rush is due in part te the
workings of the new law and In part te
the wave of economy In Congress. Last
year we had 772 people In our person
nel te lmndle the incoming and bunched
flood of nliens. This yenr we hnve
fewer than 400, Including the inspect
ors, a reduction of CO pr cent.
"Our staff during the next five
months, In which time we expect the
Immigration quotas of the most re
stricted countries te he exhausted, will
have te work overtime long hqurs and
witbeut,extra compensation. The the
ory j Congress, of course, wu thai
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the law fixing definite quotas of im
migrants from the vnrieus countries
would se greatly reduce the number that
the former force of empleyes would net
be required. The law has net worked
out according te calculations. It Is
net what Congress expected or intended.
"As a matter of fact, se many ingeni
ous nnd devious new methods have been
invented te beat the immigration allot-
ments of various countries' that the
added work makes us very short-hnmleil.
Rebert E. Ted,
"We encounter some decidedly hu
morous cases, as well as tragic ones,
in making the law fit the circumstances I
that arise. '
"Lately five Italians who came ever
te make America their very own oyster
found that they couldn't get in ac
cording te their original plans as .the
quota was exhausted, be they took
counsel together en what te de.
"They announced with their best
flourish that they were traveling artists,
admissible undqr the ,law, honcstepera
and vaudeville singers, One of the al
leged singers' swore by the, Btatue of
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Liberty that he could put the late
Enrice Caruso te blush.
"We were at first stumped, but as
we hed decided suspicions because of
the appearance of the quintet, we
nsked them te demonstrate their tal
ents. We were especially anxious te
hear the fellow that made Caruso a
cabaret hingcr by comparison. Calllnci
for proof of their powers rather stumped
them, as it was wholly unexpected, but
they saw It through.
"They were a tcrrlble crew of
'artists.' The show they put en was
one of the funniest things In the annals
et kills Island, especially the centrlbu
, tlen of Caruso's rival, who reared like
I 1...11 j . ti. ' , .CU Jlke
a bull end seemingly made up his airs
Commissioner of Immigration
and-words as he went along, as he was
shy en. roles. We thanked them when
they hed finished nnd tent them bucK
te sunny Italy. They afterward laughed
themselves and enjoyed the joke, al
though the steamship company didn't.
They were inertly manual laborers.
His Canadian Oil Business
a Herkimer Barber Shep
"Anether arrival from, Italy, a rather
attractive chap, put up a geed leslcal
niurj mhii iiv u uni uup me caeese
and eWlnes, Wgts.d, merely J
story that he was' going into the cheese
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wished te use our country as a stepping
stone In transit. He was almost con-
vlnclng.
'A witness came down from Herk
mer, N. Y te plead his cause also,
but their wires get crebscd somehow.
The witness was se eager te get his
friend en American soil that he spilled
the entlre pet of beans.
II itm .
uuy,- no said, 'there is
barter shop all ready for him
Herkimer.'
a fine
up at
"They boy wi nr i,n.,iji i.
about our work We .j . r ,'""
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-" don't think wejare. We are hound" by
these new immigration ' laws net by
red tope.. We work rapidly Jhere and
redr.tape8ugge8ts slowness or,, worse
still,' ' bone'-headedness.
"Oncevin a while some clever lawyer
trying te get, some' immigrant Inte the
country or te expedite scttlement-ef an
unusual case where en the face etit
Congress"' has decreed the person may
net enter, cooks up a heartrending
yarn about his, client. His story be
comes public and many folk swallow Jt
hook, line and sinker. Recently the
service was attacked publicly three
times en supposititious facts that had
net ths slightest foundation.
"Sometimes the newspapers from one
end of the country te the ether will
light Inte us all and call us a bunch
of, heard -hearted, hard-boiled, solid
ivory domed bureaucrats tied down with
red tape. Really, and I am an ex
newspaperman myself, I wish the big
dallies would give us a roll for our
white alleys 'occasionally." The Com
missioner of Immigration is Rebert B.
Ted.
Before he left Ellis Island the visitor
was shown a bleed-spattered power
launch which had been captured (n the
harbor a few nights before and In
which a defiant rum-runner had been
shot te death.
"Beeze is net all that is being smug
gled Inte the country new," said F.
D Altman, one of the Inspectors en
duty. "There are 4000 Russians in
MmmmMm
Cuba who are getting across into the
United States by any means possible
since the new immigration restrictions
bar them out. Under the old regula
tions one year's residence in Cuba was
sufficient for them te get a passport
admitting them te the United States.
New it is necessary, under the law, for
them te live in Cuba five years before
they can obtain a passport.
"Seme of thcin are getting in Just
the same without passports. Sailing
crnft that ere paid for it will teke
them ns sailors and set tbera down In
small beats off Hattcras or along the
coast down te Flerida where they con
trive te get ashore. With all the pre
cautions taken it is hard te get them
all."
The ships new arriving nt New Yerk
harbor leaded with immigrants are like
the Tower of Uabel be far as confusion
of tongues is concerned. The racing
King Alexander, for example, In addl addl
tlen te 520 Greeks brought ninety-three
Russians, seventy-one Turks, twenty
two Rumnnlans, ene Syrinn, two from
the United Kingdom, sixteen Asiatics,
Including Persians, one Hellander, eue
Italian, twenty-five Albanians, two
Btdgarluns, flfty-feur- Armenians, and
two Africans.
s The, Argentina besides Greeks hr
ever a large list of Juge-Slavs, SyriSS
.Bulgarian, AiDannns.ana itusslnm. ''.iC
Mnntl TrnnnlUmV'nlllL "'"M
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ueportatienoT, Aliens . 1JJL
Tn tllilHnfiUim.. tk. LL2'jkfl
ever and the arrival at' New Yerk' ceif
stltute the great adventure of a "lUrc
time. 'They are seekers for peace -ifffl
prosperity- away from- the eppreiaUtf'j
bickering and lack of oppetunltUtioj
the lands they heve 'always called het
With no peace yet In Europe, tUf J
seek a new chance In 'the world $'3
rainbows and , of golden pets, .;)
Having learned of the' wenden'eiv
America'ttey are-sure that no BtU
under what conditions they flndth"eiK,
selves they will' fee halcyon by cempi
iaen with what they have left. WJwjj'ut'
obliged te return because- of tha, ali.'
calculations of the steamship llriw.fkt'jg.
tragedies te them are almost grtte't-'
than they can bear. t $.
Many have leaped overboard ' I
watery graves en the. way back undeff
deportation orders, raiher than-'fiWf;
their previous case. ' fl
This year the work of sifting ttjvjfi
dress from the geld among the imal"'
ic emu uiuuug iub in.'.
i mere systematic thia)v 3
r, it is declared, bafc'i
acking in its pathos ae'
Uruuia win in i
was last year,
will nn hA Inrlclnef
in Its comedy. There undoubtedly wMei
be many hundreds of aliens sent bteiyv
either because of the exhaustion env-'
of their resnective nuotes. or becttHf (
of mental or physical defects unjif
the. Immigration regulations. This wW
cause disappointment te entire fn"
'-I
lies thnt have spent their life's 1
lngs for the steamship tickets
i....-.i ,,... . . . .t. ski
uuiueu ineir eriages eenina ieeu -rr m
return, their homes and, worst e',!
their courage will be gene. l m
Immigration officers declare fft,
Italian Government has become cefW.i;
zant of the troiihlen ilvn this COUOttt ",
by the Immigrants, and this jear'iYMf.
its own health officials examine ever
pmlvrnnf IKafni.A l.a t- m11a.a1 n'halfV i
a ship bound for America. I'$ ;
Italian health officials believe the tm
grant will net be accented oversew.
the native is net allowed te beard'th 1
8l'lP- . i.'li" I
The Italian quota, of 8000 fer.W (1
firHt month is expected te be Wj!lfl
early. The monthly Greek alietw
Id .l.n.Ji. All .1 kl. Hmt flflA
uitcuujr mini, uiuur iiih v'77iaiJJH
from highly restricted ceimtrlfll M
nrn xpecieu seen te no nueu "fii)S
follews: Russlu, '4323; Latvia., WU J
.Lithuania. 402; .Esthenla, 2?0 i,
Poland, 4215. , W$
xne uerman,. English ana "H.f3
-s.w.HU .V,- mi., jv M w "J"Vki
mcru is scarcely v a. pessiDiuty in,"
ui worn wju.De n led. '.Net a
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