I'ttf-.'iWflfWFftl'a. -it ; AM!vftfMa? r''! " . stVM'lt '1 $$' 1 t' - I B- k i, IV KS2 t 5 xr an v J L. jw3i IIS l!-V ft. -4 M F Si Hi k" i n i '.5, K. 1 U TP &i kc v I 1 I 3 '- Pr :. an tmz IE. kjii.Ki .. tm$ ?Iuic lledger BitBtin t rretl rnmitv 'rfl-DIWIH; UiUUDtl VUlUIAi1 I A i ctnua jt. k. curtjb, prm-dent hn C. JUrlltl, Vic. nr,lent nd Tremurer: RA. Tyler, Sfcretar.ri Lhnrleii H, I.udlni HP 8. Celllnj;, Jnlm Jt. Wllllmt. Jehn J. en, ucerc r. uoia-enn, uavia E. amucy. n. PMti.nr. .rJdlter C. MAIXTIN. .. .Omeral Wtnlnmi Mncer -FnbKahed dally at Fcbme l.ttxiea Bulldlng f.'j independence square. I'niianelnhm. E&SvW'me -'"" rrtx-nnie nulMlnr T HvJJ?,0lt ...'.' .'.'....' 701 Tord Hullttln -i 'I & Lecttl ,.513 Otobe-Dememaf Ilull.llr.g i s.ioeo, . , , , ,,,..,,.. .leus arieuttc uuuaing NEWS Dl'ItRAUS: W.8KIN0T0N DllEAU, , N. T!. Cor. rniwlvtita...Axe. and Hlh St. Jcaw Yerk nrnite. . . ,v . .The, Sun Hullilnrc Londen Hunttn . vTrafaljir Dulldtnr ai'nsrmirrtev trims The BrtNt.ve Prsue irixiM Is sened te ub- fMrIbra In rhllaitelphl.-f and nurreunifct town at the rate of twelve (12) ecnti per ween payable e the carrier. .By mall te nelnta eutatda of Jhlladelchla In th trnlted Staled. Canada, or I'nTtvd Statea pr" pr" Miilena, pentage, free, fifty ("0) cenu per month, III (10) dollar per ear. ti.yahla In ylvanc. i Te all ferelxn countries one (II) de!laa month. Norten Subscribers wlshlnr addreni chanted tBuat slve old hs nell in new address, BELL, 1009 WUATT KEYSTONE. MAIX Ml tJ' Address oil fontmiiTi'cnflen te Evrntnf FnbHe 'I-titatr, Independence Square, PhttadeltMn, Member of the Associated Press ' TtTR ASSOCIATED MESS is exclusively m m flttael te th uxe for republication of all news Up1tcAe crrdltrrf te tt or net etherwlte rredttrd fft tifa paper, and alto !' fecal nrwr vublishtd Vitrfln. 411 riehti of republication of a, rctal dispatch Jimln' are also reserved. , i rhiiidfiphii, Mn, Mir is, i:: . M JULY 4 AND THE FAIR PltrcSIDKNT IIAllDlXti'S premise te attend the Mnrleu. l-, eentennitil oelc eelc oelc brntlen nn .Tilly 4 slj;nitll7.p.s a ntlinpntnl claim whirh l'hllwlelpliinns ennnet grnce grnce felly oentpst. Nevertliole.s'", lt U t'neerrly te be ro re jrrcttwl tlmt the coincidence of ceremonial plans Is disrupt liij; n presram of special propriety tn formally dedlcatinp: tilt' world fair pite In this city. Tradition ami his torical consideration) emphatically pre scribe the Fourth of July as the rlttln-c date for beplnnln; physical operations en the exposition enterprise, eommemeratlvo of ICO' years of American independence. Perhaps, however, a compromise cimld be effected through the ingenuities of radio pcech transference, which have before .new liven Mr. Harding a magical ubiquity. HARDING AND WOMEN'S VOTE T KXOW In my very heart," said l'rei- JL dent Harding at Atlantic City, "that women can only play their part truly in the nffalrs of the Natien if they play it in connection with a recognized political or ganization. I would leek with agonizing , iorrew en the day when we would have in America anything like party division en sex lines. " Party division en fcx lines would, of course, be n. catastrophe. There is about an much danger of such a culmination as there la of a collision with the moon. The President's suggestion that women should ally themselves with active and recognized party organizations is, of course, wholly logical. Hut it docs net go quite far enough. Women are justified in keeping aloof from large factions that are obviously unworthy of support. That such a policy may have a powerful disciplinary effect is etv clearly apparent in Pennsylvania. SETTLING AN OLD GRUDGE IE Pan-American Building in Washing ton today becomes the appropriate ene of an effort In statesmanship fraught lth notable possibilities for establishing w safeguards of peace in the Western leralsphere. Under the Impartlnl sponsor lip of the T'nited States, diplomatic repre- mtatives of Chile and Peru are meeting devise some accommodation of the long- landing Tacna-Arica dispute, which has for ars disturbed the serenity of international latlens in Seuth America. The Tacna-Arlca controversy has been lied the Latin-American Alsace-Lerraine, rhaps that description is in some senses travagant, since there ure numerous de lls nnd counter-claims in this issue that kve no parallel in the "lest-provinces" aptcr of European history. But that the bile-Peru Imbroglio has been potentially mgeretis and a source of unrest in the lUtbern half of the continent is indisput- 1,1.. The principals involved have frequently een en the verge of new wars. Fer a krru of years they have been without for- lal diplomatic relations. The present commissioners are said te be tipired with a determination te settle the eblmn conclusively by negotiation. The yktmespherc of Washington was judged par- iany ntting ler nrmtrai proceedings. The Interest of the United States is dis- . r EjwPlayed in the opening program, whl E9$jfc'7 tains an addrcs of welcome by S which con- Secretary Hughes. Tliis Government is rightly eager for a solution of the dispute and will un questionably irnli-h the friendliest assist ance without departing from its neutrality. THE MERRY-GO-ROUND ONE wny te end an International confer ence is te call another. The procedure has been followed with conspicuous regu larity ever since the Qual d'Oraay and Ver Mllles sessions closed In 1011. Hints of an International financial com mission, with a new setting, te "which the United States may be Invited, provide at 'thin moment the chief efff-et te a verdict of failure at Oenea Whether tne conference closes this week or struggles en, it it, indeed, 'highly probable that some prevision will be ,jnade for future discussion, especially of the Russian predicament. LABOR SHOULD CLEAN HOUSE THE damage done te the prestige of trades unionism by the Iltindell disclosures in New Yerk, where a group of labor leaders were found te have been conspiring with profiteering contractors against the general public and starting or stepping strikes for large fees, which they pocketed, was cnor cner cnor meus. It may be repeated in Chicago, 'where a strike involving some of the build ing trades has been attended by the murder 'of two policemen, (he dicever of a bomb CUnvv jfcetery at the headquarters of some of the P. Tjif TADIII e rwl tilt, t,lr,n 1 1 finn t nil nr tti'i nF .!. ,v.,u ... ,,. i. v.. ., ... i w w, iih; Bteet active labor leaders ok men with jail records and hes progressed steadily toward n condition of open anarchy. There Is already n tendency en the side of the unions te berate the Chicago police for the manner in which they have been (dealing with the strike emergency. Balds in every part of (he city and at oil labor headquarters preceded the arrest and de tentien of virtually every union efllclnl In the city nnd, of course, the vast mnjerltv were conservative-minded men, who desired peace ns keenly as the police de, knowing that violence union strikers leads inevitably te their defeat. Hut before the policy of the Chicago police can be questioned it is necassary te nsk why any reputable labor anuatten should have thugs for leaders. The queer drama of American politics is repeated en a miniature scale In the of organized labor, Many lenders r Ailed with zeal nt the beginning of aretrs. no long as they are in hum- aad removed from temptation Hiiarei te me rata wne eject KK&MrS. THE ISSUE TOMORROW . THE issue before the voters tomorrow is whether contractor govern ment is te be set up in Harrisburg. We knew in Philadelphia what that would mean. Jeseph McLoughlin, who was Director of Supplies under Mayer Smith, reminded the Academy of Music audience at the Pinchot meeting hew the contractors' work. Here are two instances that he gave : Senater Vare went te his office and demanded that he award a contract te a man whose bid was $7000 mere, than the bid of the lowest responsible bidder. When this difference was pointed out, the Senater said he did net care about that, for his man must have the contract. On another occasion he said Senater Vare went te his office and demanded that a contract for hose be awarded te a man whose bid was mere than $1 a feet, when another bidder offered te sell better hose for sixty cents a feet. The Senater was indifferent te the savings 'te the city when the profit of his friend was at stake. Se much for hew Senater Vare leeks upon the way contracts should be awarded. Senater Leslie, of Pittsburgh, who shares with Senater Vare the honor of forcing Alter into the campaign, has similar standards. According te reports published at the time, Leslie went into the office of Highway Commissioner Sadler and demanded that the specifi cations for highway improvement should call for a patented preparation controlled by Leslie's firm. If it were called for, Leslie's firm would be the only one that could bid, and it would have a monopoly of the high way work. When Sadler refused te call for this preparation Leslie is said te have threatened him with less of his job. But Leslie did net have power enough te get Sadler removed. If Alter is nominated he will ewe the nomination te Vare and Leslie. They will seek te dictate the appointment of the Highway Com missioner. As the leopard does net change his spots, it requires no imagination te picture what will take place when contracts are te be awarded in Harrisburg. Greedy fingers will be reaching out for the money of the State, and the contractor combine will use all the power at its command te force awards te its favorites and te its dummies. Se much for the contractor issue. Pinchot deserves the nomina tion en this issue alone. There remains the contest for the senatership nomination between Pepper and Burke. Pepper has been seeking te represent all the people of the State. He calls himself the attorney for the people, commissioned te leek after their interests. He is thoroughly qualified for such a duty. Burke is a labor leader. He is appealing for support te class interests. He makes no pretense te represent anything but a single group of the population. He is supported by a class organization which has sent its workers into the State te stir up the class feeling. He should be defeated for this reason alone. This is a democracy in which all men are equal before the law. Special privileges are frowned upon by all geed citizens. Every great national figure since the foundation of the Republic has denounced class legislation. Burke has raised the class issue. He has thus proved himself un fitted for a seat in any legislative body. His defeat should be se over whelming as te discourage any one in the future from seeking te arraign class against class in this State. The way te prevent the greedy fingers of the contractors from opening the money vaults of the State is te vote for the nomination of Pinchot. And the way te prevent this great Commonwealth from disgracing itself by nominating an advocate of class legislation is te vote for the nomination of Senater Pepper. Think these things ever before voting tomorrow. them. As they rise and find themselves confronted with opportunities te exchange their integrity for profit or advantage or graft their temper changes nnd, in the end, a great many of them use the power of their offices about as the average political heeler uses the authority of a public office te which he gets himself elected. And labor unions, like the cities and States of the country, seem never te care when elections are held. The labor unions need te clean heus'C if they de net wish te be destroyed by n small minority of traitors in their ranks. MR. MITTEN'S BIG PROGRAM ACTIVE co-operation of ether interested parties with Mr. Mitten in the consid eration of his latest program will depend largely upon whether the city is ready seri ously te take up the solution of the rapid transit problem. The solution, according te Mr. Mitten in the statement which he gnve out esterduy, lies in city ownership of all subways, ele vated and surface tracks; in assessing the cost of new lines proportionately upon the property benefited nnd upon the taxpayers at large, and In the operation of the lines hy n private company which shall supply all the equipment with the assurance of a reasonable return upon the Investment. Mr. Mitten suggests that n commission of citizens representing the real estate and commercial interests be appointed te con sider the plan In conjunction with repre sentatives of the city and the Ilapld Transit Compeny. It is net likely that he expects this com mission te adept his suggestions forthwith. They are tee revolutionary te he adopted, if they are te be adopted at all, without the most careful study of all the questions In volved. Consideration of them would be valuable in nny event, for It would assist in creating n mere intelligent public sentiment than new exists. The experiment seen te be made with the operation of the city-owned Frankford ele vated line will be useful in guiding public sentiment. With some vital differences, that line Is te be operated upon the plan which Mr. Mitten would llk te have applied te all the lines in the city. The Unpld Transit Company, In this case, does net supply the ears te be operated. They are bought by the city and the company Is expected te pay rent for their use, as their cost Is te be included in the cost of the line. Hut it will be five years before the rental will equal the interest which the city will have te pay en the bends, It may be admitted that In theory there Is just ns much justification for the city te own all the rapid transit tracks and lease their operation te the company ns for it te own the Frankford line and lease that. The general application of theory becomes purely n question of expediency. An attempt was mode at the Inst session of the Legislature te get n law passed which would permit the city te take ever such lines as it chose at such times as seemed best without taking ever the whole rapid transit 8yBtem,,rJhc bill was defeated, and UTJJUMVJ i UJJXIJ.V OOJiAvrjUiiir JTXXXMJXXXX2dXJJLJULJLC.i the general impression is that it was defeated hy rapid transit interests. Seme such hill will have te he passed If Mr. Mitten's plan is te be adopted, for there is tee much money involved, nnd in the light of present knowledge the result of the experiment is tee doubtful for any public official te feel justified in recommending that the city buy all the franchises and tracks new operated by the Rapid Transit Com pany. If the thing is done nt till it will have te be done piecemeal. The city is already committed te the preposition that public money is te be spent for building high-speed lines. Seme of that money has been spent en the Frankford line. Mr. Mitten's suggestion for financing the new lines by assessing part of the cost upon the property benefited is in accordance with the best engineering opinion in the country. That new high-speed lines increase the value of the property served by these lines is ad mitted. The Market street elevated line added $113,000,000 te the assessed valuation of property in West Philadelphia. The property owners profited by tills unearned increment. Under the nsscssment-fer-bencfit plan part of this unearned increment would be token by the city te reduce the amount of bends te he issued nnd te pay off ether bends as they fell due. If the assessments ere spread ever n term of years they would net be burdensome. The incrensed annual income from the improved property would in most instnnces be suffi cient te meet the annual payment en the assessment. Hut this plan cannot he adopted without an amendment te the State Constitution. Such nn amendment was included in the changes proposed by the Constitutional lie vision Commission last year. The rejection by the voters of the preposition te revise the whole Constitution did net necessarily mean that the voters were opposed te this preposition. Indeed, the revision of the Constitution was opposed by Henater Pen rose nnd the machine which he controlled because, among ether rcat-ens, it wet; thought better te change the Constitution by ulngle amendments than te de It wholesale. A specific amendment permitting assess ment en the benefited pieperty could be passed by the Legislature next winter If the men in authority desire it, nnd it could be made a part of the law of the land by the falh of 11)25. Hack of Mr. Mitten's proposals Is the evident desire te bring obeut the operation of the street-car lines at a five-cent fare for the benefit of the people nnd the profit of the Rapid Transit Company. It ought te be discussed and examined in nil its bear! lugs, for only thus can we leern the truth and decide what tn de. A successful conclusion te the Tacna Arlca conference at Washington will per haps mean mere te the peace of the world than appears en the surface. It will be a Mep toward Pan-Amerlan solidarity which of necessity will hare faft"reackng affact. AS ONE WOMAN SEES IT Scarcity of Nurses In Special Cases Brings About Investigation of the Cause, and a Remedy Is New Being Sought Ry SARAH D. LOWRIE I SAW a letter from a trained nurse who has had much experience In private nursing and who hnd been suggested for a very lucrative nnd Important position In a sanatorium for nervous and psychopathic patients. In regretfully declining te apply she con fessed that she had bad no chance te study nervous or mental disorders and wehld there fore be tee Ignorant of the whole subject te undertake the management of an Institu tion given ever te the care of patient suf fering from such maladies. She added that her general experience had made her feel competent te manage a great variety of cases, nnd, that she hnd no prejudice against nervous or Insane cases, but, lacking the original training, she hed never found time te take up the subject. A short time age my attention was called te still another phase of nursing with which the generality of trained nurses scera te be curiously ignorant. A child in n family that I knew fell ill of a very virulent tjpc of scarlet fever, and much depended en his tnte of mind in the pulling of him through. There were two nurse who had nursed in the family and whom the child was familiar with and liked. Te Isolate him with cither of them would have insured his docility and peace of mind. Ills mother wns nursing a young baby nnd could net be with him herself. But neither of the nurses could undertake the case, because neither had had any experience in that particular dis ease, besides which one of them wa net permitted by the doctor who gave her most of her cases te take any contagious ones. "CtVENTUALLY n nurse wns found whose -' entire experience since graduation hnd been with contagious eases In n hospital for contagious diseases. Her technique wns the technique of n hospital, which differs from that of the home both in small amenities and in a lack of resourcefulness. T'fi child recovered under her care, but the whole experience te the family was mere drastic and less sympathetic than t-cuned at all necessary. N' found that there are manv dociert win object te their nurses taking cases like scarlet fever and diphtheria, and con sequently comparatively few nurses under take them without reluctance. And looking further we discovered that many training schools de net Include any experi ence in such diseases In their curricula. Perhaps this recent eye-opener made me en the nlert en the whole subject of nurs ing and the modern conditions of the pro fession. One or two of the girls that studied nursing ns n war nctivlty have been very fr.tnk with me ever what they regard are the handicaps of the training schools. Apart from the peer dormitories that some of the hospitals have for their nursing stnff, apart from the rather rough meals and dreary recreation quarters that most of them pos sess, there is often something net quite right about the wny most hospitals exploit their pupil nurses. They work them tee hard, they give them instruction of the theoretical kind when they arc fagged from hard duty, and they de net give them nn all-around experience of disease, mental dis orders and contagious diseases being often emitted entirely. WHILE the whole subject of surgical cases is gencrnlly ever-accented, and the whole mntter of home visiting and of child hygiene and convalescent diet such ns a visiting or district nurse should have at her fingers' ends is scamped, the complaint of the young nurses just graduating, mind you, is that they hnve net been taught enough. It Is ns though they hnd gene te college nnd hed been worked se hard physically that they could net study mentally. There arc ether girls of a less fine men tality and with less exacting ambitions who would be glad te get a diploma in two years nnd skip the third year entirely, se that they could be out in the world earning money and out of the grind of institutional work. Seme doctors, feeling the scarcity a handicaps te themselves, and needing only n sort of half-wny type of nurse, hnve gene Se far as te advocate dropping the third year nnd turning out half as' many mere nurses again ns n pleasing result. They would also make it easier for girls te be admitted Inte the training schools by lowering the requirements, even leaving out high school entirely. AGAINST this lowering of the standards I found the higher class of nurses were setting their fnecs like flints, nnd scenting n lively difference of opinion in the air I continued my casual but net unpurpeseful observations, only te discover yet another source of dissension. It appears that the large and well-equipped hespitnls resent the privilege of turning out graduate nurses being given te small and poorly equipped nnd sometimes specialized hospitals where the cases treated cover but n small division of medical or surgical or mental or neuro logical diseases. They claim that what their pupil nurses get compared te these in the smaller hespitnls deserves a higher status outside than the mnll hospital should logi cally provide. They say. for what would a diploma from a university count if every high school could give one that sounded just like It, felt just like it nnd commanded the same recognition in pny for services In the world. And indeed we nil of us knew thnt there are nurses nnd nurses. There are some who are Intrusted with life nnd death medi cines who cannot rend aloud, or pronounce the Queen's English, or write an Intelli gent hand. And you wonder hew in the world they ever get through their entrance examinations, let nlene their first year chem istry and physiology. WELL, after threshing this nil out with nurses nnd doctors nnd patients nnd u stiay hospital beard member or two, I came en some information thnt would have saved me all my ignorance hnd I gene direct te the source of expert knowledge new avail able en the whole subject. Tim Rockefeller Foundation has had a survey committee en hospitals and nurses and training schools which has been Investigating for the last two years some dozen or mere of the great hospital- of the country with n view te mak ing a standard for hospitals of the first class. The report of this committee has net yet been made public, I think, but a sort of forecasting of Its recommendations came under my eje in a paper drawn up by n committee made up of some of its members a committee composed of bend nurses and teachers In training schools that is known ns "The National League of Nursing Educa tion." Seme of the recommendations of the league have already been tried out and have proved practical. What struck me as or great value was a plan or centralizing the schools of nursing in the first-year courses In theerj, se thnt the hospitals could com bine nnd send their pupil nurses te one school, where the equipment would provide the best resources for chemistry, physiology, anatomy, bacteriology, hygiene, nutrition and cooking, hospital housekeeping, drugs and Kilutiens. history nnd ethics of nursing nnd psychology. This cembine would insure a high standard for all, the best teuchers available, the best conditions for mental effort in the pupils nnd a lets tax en tne administrative and executive forces of trio several hespitnls. THE Philadelphia League of Nursing Education hns actually financed such n school for the past winter with the co-euern-tlor. of eleven hospitals and the enrollment of sixty-six students. It hns proved se successful thnt a plan hns been submitted for its permanent establishment. It loerts te me like a way out! Better and morn equal trnlnlng for the nurse, less duplication of work ter tne icncning stnus of the hos pitals, a co-operative spirit ameug all tn women wne are pur-Hung win same ends, nud ja ui esu a "ViaBBVa ur iu pujunc yXUXJJLXXSfX.A.t .IU.XX.JL AH) 1 j t ymi u., m BBHBubIH BaaaaaaaaaaaMBaaaaaaVaaaaSt-aMwiMi . i -I NOW MY IDEA IS THIS ! Daily Talks With Thinking Philadelphia en Subjects They Knew Best DR. DANIEL J. McCARTrlY On the Medical Expert and the Law THE Inw docs net always take full ad vantage of the possibilities of expert testimony, especially that of physicians, in ascertaining the whele truth, according te Dr. Daniel J. McCarthy, professor of medi cal jurisprudence nt the University of Pennsylvania. "The misunderstanding ns te expert tes timony In general nnd medical expert testi mony in particular." said Ir. McCarthy, "Is due te the fact that most persons de net realize that the expert is testifying net as ite facts, but ns te opinions. A fact is a fnct, nnd a man either lies about lt or he docs net; but two men mny have dinmetrl cally opposite opinions about the same epi sode or condition. A biased opinion may be determined by sympnthy, or for certain selfish reasons, or because he Is retained nnd paid by one side, or because he is drawn into a battle between two bides ns ti sort of sporting preposition. Why Testimony Is Biased "Most frequently testimony Is biased be cause the experts retained by cither side hnve only the biased side of the case pre sented te them before the trial, nnd they are, therefore, unconsciously influenced ns te the right of the case and hnve only n single nnglc of view. The difficulty of this situation is that if one starts with n biased or, 'mere properly, en incorrect angle of view, it takes much mere evidence te dis lodge this fnlsc angle thnn It would te create a proper viewpoint if the case were pre sented ns n whole. The mere fact that the expert is testifying te nn opinion based upon a whole series of facts or nenr-facts gives him se much leeway in forming nn opinion thnt it would appear te en Independent ob server thnt one of the two experts must be lying, when, as n matter of fact, both might be honest In the opinions expressed. "And then there is the difficulty of telling the entire truth in such matters in answer te questions. If nn expert witness, br I have done myself, nfter a long examination and cress-examination, feeling thnt ns the result of the question nnd answer method an incomplete or false impression wns being created in fnver of the side by which I was retnined, and was net scientifically correct, proffers, as I did en my own ac count, n statement te elucidate nr correct the mntter, lt excites the Ire of the attorney te such an extent that upon this one occa sion In my own experience he refused te pay my bill. Experts and Legal Procedure "The Court wns also unsympathetic te such procedure. A Judge of the type of Judge Sulzberger would hnve Insisted en his own neceunt for such elucidation, and many ether Judges also lake this method te get a complete opinion. "But most cnsunl experts are net suffi ciently convert-ant with legal procedure te correct nn Impression which they feel te be incomplete, but which they de net know knew know hew te. correct en account of this lack of legnl knowledge. "The hypothetical question, while assumed te contain nil the essential facts In regard te the case, rarely If ever does se. It is formed by the attorney for his side, and formed in such a wny ns te elicit an opinion In fnver of his side of the case. The same series of facts, arranged by the opposite side, would obtain from the same expert an opposite opinion. "The vast majority of medical experts will tell the truth and the whole truth under proper crnss-exnmlnntlen. and failure te obtain this Is due te a lack of detailed medi cal knowledge en the part of the cross cress exnmlnlng attorney. If he had a consulting medical expert at his side, one who wns net testifying In the ease, he could practlenllv always, with a medical expert witness, get a complete nnd scientifically truthful state ment. The Dangerous "Expert" "This Ik true of the expert who is a man of eminent position In the practice of medi cine nnd who testifies in court only occa sionally and Incidentally. The dangerous expert Is the ene who appears in court n great deal and who lives largely by his ex pert work. He has te please the lawyers en his side of the ense and is, therefore, dis posed te stretch his opinion beyond the strictly scientific and truthful point. "The unscrupulous ntterney will alwnvs take advantnge of such se-called expert's and is equally responsible with him for thn results of such testimony, although he is the first te condemn expert testimony In the - m aaaal APT TO PROVE FATAL ll aw i iw ' iw 1 who poses as nn expert nnd yet is without expert knowledge, lle Is likely te testify te anything, knowing it te be false and untrue. The mcdicnl profession knows its own false experts and condemns them ; a certnin type of the legal profession knows them and employs them. A Partial Solution "A partial solution of this problem is te report in writing a scientific opinion of the case, free from the contentious atmosphere of the courtroom and te stick te this opin ion if there be no geed reason for changing It under testimony. In many years of testi mony in the courts I have known of only ene attorney who insisted upon an opinion udverse te his client being presented in order te bring out the entire truth nbeut the case. "Of course, the proper solution of the problem is the method ndepted by the Mu nicipal Court, which hns n department of neure-psychlatry under Dr. Leepold, who is paid by the court and who presents a sci entific nnd unblnsed opinion concerning the ense involved. This plnn could be employed in the ether courts quite ns well. It was put Inte practice at one time in St. Leuis, but did net prevent cither side from cnlllng nd dltinnnl experts of their own. But the jury Invariably preferred te take the opinion of the unbiased commissioner rather thnn the biased testimony employed by either side. "The Judges with whom I hnve discussed this mutter are quite ns anxious te correct this evil us the medical profession, the legal profession or the general public. They nre, however, at n less, as a rule, en neceunt of their lack of expert knowledge in medi cal matters, te knew the exnet manner te bring out the entire truth from medical wit nesses, und even mere ni n less in condemn ing experts who nre appi icntlv giving testi mony und opinions inconsistent with the facts and the scientific tenets upon which opinions are based. The Fundamental Trouble "The fundamental trouble underlying the usunl court procedure is that the average trial is an intellectual contest between two sides for supremacy rather than n combined effort In elicit the entire truth. "When- the attorney says te the physi cian, 'Yeu need net mention that ; it will come out in cross-exniiiinatien,' it frequently does net come out in cress-examination, or if it docs it places the doctor in the posi tion of concealing the truth. The whele matter of expert medical testimony should receive the nttentien of the best intellects of the mcdicnl and legal professions for the honor of both." What De Yeu Knew? QUIZ 1. What Is the azimuth? 2. What famous editor once, ran for Presi dent of the United States? 3. Hew does the nzalea get Its name? 4. Te what nation does Cechin-China be long? , 5. When wan poison t;as first used in the , erld War? C. What Is a babouche? 7. What Is the smallest number cf States ever carried by the Republican Party "ivU Wn election since the S' W phVeUhy?ChlCt Pr'"ClPl0 0t Bnc0nlan ,S' 'l,ni lB. th net of sternutatien? 10. What is the greatest silk-preduclntr country in the wcrrld? i"uuung Answers te Saturday's Qui 1. The first Civil Serk'6 Reform Act In the United states wns passed in th2 first Administration of P a'ant but 3. Thrce kinds of thermometers i. a -Pi,Fthrcn,helt' CclK'nde and Reaumur a storm seventy, and ,i ,, i, ?u, ' "l s ,1nfr?,m CFIU- "' " mile" ntt'tt"e G" S,,So,!s?1leP,,l,raVlnff' " SlnX in gunned ; place et pSfctWf T,)?rtw InjKCst Islands ,f the world Ur (Irecn and and Bernee it i.i.u ?re Australia Is cons acred ,1 ,- m.i r(U,"K 9. Tapirs are anmali native te W'Wen ,0- BDu?c,h8,i!uSeWhVr &?," '-wish.' l?33-1077t ' J " uni are SHORT CUTS I ' .lust at present Cltfni's open deer litl revolving one. Let every voter knuckle down tomenw and suoet straight. The CJenea conference nnd tbi cot' tractor gang may adjourn tomorrow. In the matter, of scraping an it' quaintance nobody enn bent the barbtr. "Prince Shin, of Korea, dies.' "KM in, Shin!" said Death and Shin kicked c4 Backward, turn backward, eh, Tlmi ( te spenKj ; let us be boys again just for til weeic. Father Penn has decided te hang a te tne jonnsen collection by Hanging si rccteu. What peeves the tariff tinkers li till net even the exporters arc pleased ail me mil. Ever se many mlddlc-agcd guys ta week will make a bluff at wishing they wen oeys again. Guff nnd bluff are taught as art, uJ Mr. Pennell. Art must be a close relidsB et Politics. A Btldflret r!nnimlftHlnn fnltntreJ bf bonus is a case of saving up the pcnnl-iN one uig jnmuerce. Here nnd there it may he noted tk mother, having been feted, has returni ie nor uauy grind. (reneral Weed appreciates the fact tM extended leave of absence occasionally W comes pcrmnncnt. Te be renlly effective today's Tine! enthusiasm will hnve te be translated U tomorrow's Pinchot votes. Ilrynn, says a contemporary, is " intoxicated by u new Idea. And. it ml J lidded, he hns been sober for jc.irs. It must be admitted thnt the metw thnt hit the enrth show a pleasing dlwrl mniien in tneir choice e landing piacn. Walt Whitman's home en Mlc street, Camden, Is te be preserved for Pj corny, jiay mickle lucK attend tne - Alter says Pinchot has no eeK J humor. Perhaps the Ferester expert de nil his laughing en AVednesday meniHl Senater Reed is campaigning In W SOIirl with B olrnne ttint nml a brill We presume he docs ids own clewnHB juggling nnd knife-throwing. Strange as it may appear, there are. nnl tlinw. ..niilnkl. nllUnnu ll'lmllr IfidJI .,.114 I.IU4U, IllJUlUlIU Wlli:fl" ,..-.. YttJSm cut ns te when a certain player named wr resumes his place en the baseball fitW' Allegation Is made that StlUm" H BeauvaiB $lfi,000 for love notes. "J this would nt least prove the guide tM n peculiarly malodorous species et u"' Soldier dead at Oteen, N. C, h"Jj $10,000 te kindly Y. M. C. A. M. the big news will be when a buck pn" lenves a big fortune te his second Ileum Y)-i- ..... ..i.1.. ...l.li ,t ifnte. um k .tour virii; uu i--- jj devil gets his experience ns n ren'ra read builder because nvcragc ci""-"") themselves with nothing mere limn gew1 tcntlens. . . . . . I.. n Unnlsn explorer nns ,ln,v r,leM HnrMi.nmnat rutin t ftreOfllnilU. ''. suggests the query of a small boy J J successful game of selitaire: l,i you going te de new, pep.' . . there H1 v".rmw,cenlf!?r: .?...., WJ man. Referred te League of Women t (A mero careful rending shows t n i te rena seii-sumcieni nux-iiuw.v... ,. tutc." Ne mntter. Stct.) This is renlly 0M ai.i ii i it.. i. f.tAl fur tee JIU IIUJB ,CCH MH'n, "', 4 .., ..r nt U M..n urn boys W i.Aen..in uin-rif.TAfi in' flip ears I ....... I...,.. nyA .irti.fifufr-.l by cf Bey .Week Is going te Individual!. . nnd moisten "iin with the SPray.'S Fountain 'of Youth and "emf,;,1l Qf "The ether danger ia the man of this type v juvriimu mem, any " -. -m the Old Bey 1 v Qee, imt he nee-hyf! ) BaanK&L " , !A5firV . M jft.'f K t jmMxtis&mk 4vi(- I ?.&!.., WY,' ei . 1aflrVdtayaaAi.AiL.Af, t,&y . ..,, . ki.-K.-: aak&Cki, t..A&k4&C jja
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers