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JfrJUBLIC LEDGER COMPANY ,
nCTHfl'H.' K. CtlttTIS, I'nssmrST
MO. Martin, Vict Prcald-nt and Traaaurari
p a. tfjer. Bfecrmryi t.nar fa 11. j.uainir
Elllp 8. Cefttn. Jehn II. Williams. Jnhn J.
an, UHnaP. Oeldsmli-t. David 13, Smiley.
if.
R. PMIIXT. . .
...Editor
-C. MAHT1N.. . .Ottmral tlualnaaa Mantsar
Halted dally at I'dilic LneBi Dulldlnf
inu'PFnacnca square. J'linnncipnia.
la CtTT Prjt.rnlMt ntllldln
Velte , :t04 Mtullaen Ave.
701 Ferd HulMIn
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iQCll 818 atelr-Drmccrat HuIIJIp
I? ft& MWaaOt.
imrj rritunt uuuaini
Wmbikkten Btaur.
i. N E. for. rriniylvan!a Mf. ami Hilt St.
t FTaw Toek Uualac The Sun llulldln
frloiire-i neiue Trafalrar UullJlnc
-w. sfini',nitrfnv tpiium
Th BriMiNdiPritia Lwn la'aarved te sub
lfiera In PhllatlAlnhla AnH aii-rmiiwllni fnvna
1 lk rat of twelve (IS) cent par week, payable
turner.
mall te nelnta nntaMn af Tnl1iillnh,A In
tilled Htniea. Caneirtti. or L'nlted Stnte no.
,ena. peatai free, fifty (SO) canto par month,
IW) dellara prr year, p.vJ'abla in advance.
i all foreign reutim, one fill dollar a month.
Mice 8ubcrlber wlahlni aiMrtaa chained
IV old a nail ns new addrean.
JgUjgjWJTAIjiUT Ki:VSTOM. MAIN 60I
aQTfUrre all cominuitlealloita fe .tTsliu; fuMle
bitdarr. tnitrvrtiittncc Srjuarr. I'hlladrtphui.
Member of the Associated Preu
TlfB ASBOOr.lTED Pnrs.1 is t-tetaMvlv m
M(lM te the ut or republication e oil neu
ClOaffhet cresiltcrf te it or net elhcru'Uf crtrfifarf
MN taper, and alie thi local ticua publithtd
AH rtplifa rf republication of ipceCal dttpatcht
ycfi nrt ile rtiirrtd.
Philadelphia, ThufiJir, 1 rl.ruar e, K1
PARKWAY SITE IS BEST
GEXKKAL opinion in tliis city is t!ainl.v
farerablu tti tlie I'nrkwjty Mtc for the
fair of lUL'O. This is tlie t-Uv roeoinimnilcil
by tlm commission of finjinoeri iinin.tmtt.-tl
recently tn tnnltc an impartntl .itnl siirtitlHV
sucvey of nil iitnllnbli! Mic. It imsises
Inniimorable nilvantasi'.t wlilili c;m In- fnui'il
nowhere else. The ,tm-t rtn t iv wutk of tin
Rrctit fair ueultl extent a a inniitT f ioiipi ieiipi ioiipi
ever rt lnrire part of the Selnn Ikill lUver nn a
atd stiimilntn the meveint'iit for an I'MctiMnn
of Falrinennt l'ark Meiithwnrd in thu dirw dirw
tien of League Island. ,.
Thtm the work of reflaitnnen would be
started almost immciliately te restore a n't' n't'
tJen which, while it ought te be one of the
meat attractive city arean, has gradually
taken en something of the aspect of an in
dustrial slum.
Te suppose that all the money ftperit for J
treat world's fnir should be devoted te the
creation of temporary buililinc and te pro pre
Tide a merely transient spei'tiiele is te en en
ceurnse an old-fashioned atid cestl? nytem
of reaseninK. Murh of the permanent weik
,thnt will be neecsury te eetnpletc the I'ark
way building scheme eeultl be curried out a-
' part of the constnietieii program of the fair.
' Tlie Park Itnclf weuhl provide a glorious
background te the scene.
It is easy te unilerttintl the engenici'.i with
Which claims arc presented in behalf of up
town and downtown slteti. Hut it ought te
be' remembered that the fair will net be u
matter of exclusive Interest toRexborough or
Seuth Philadelphia. It will net be a mat
ttr of exclusive Interest te the city. It will
be an enterprise of international interest.
And that consideration in mind, it makes it
ueceamry that we provide the beat and meK
beautiful and most convenient site irrespec
tive of the ambitions or hopes of particular
neighborhoods.
SHALL WE SINK THE NAVY?
"PREDICTIONS of a movement in Con Cen
X gress te starve the navy, made a day or
two age in thetm columns, have been justified
with Ftartllmc suddenness. Current dts
patehes from. Washington reveal the inten
tion of Ileuce and Senate groups controlled
, by the farmers' bloc te light for an almost
00 per cent reduction in proposed naval
budgets.
The general budget nereuary te m.tintnlit
the enlisted strength of the navy at a point
te Insure the proper handling of vessels al
lotted te the T'nlted States under the arma
ment limitation agreements would total up up
preilmately Jjir-K.OOO.OOO. Tim farmers'
Wee has Inspired n demand in Congress te
reduce this budget te $2--'.-,000,000. This
would mean tt reduction of the navy per
sonnel from about 110,000 te about 00,000
men.
Thus, according te naval experts, we
would de far mere than meet the cuts of the
British ami the Japnncse. We would reduce
the strength of our remaining navy almost
half. The number of ships we keep afloat
does net greatly matter if no men are avail
able te run them.
JERSEY'S SPEEDY DEMOCRATS
NO ISSUE likely te touch ,the heart of
the proletariat will b left te the Re
publicans In Xew Jersey If the Democratic
Party managers pan help it. The campaign
for the fall elections is already under way.
It has been part of Demerratie policy te
loudly premise the people light wines and
baser and at leaht partial Immunity for boot beot boet
leggers, though the deaths, front what the,
reporters call "poison rum" continue te in
crease in Jersey as they an; increasing
almost everywhere else, New, uuder the
leadership of Governer Edwards, a move
ment has been launched from the Demo
cratic side of the State Legislature te
i.empel n general establishment of the five
cent trolley tare.
The question of fair trolley faics is deeplv
iavelvctl with questions of railre.id prepert,'.
valuation and the changing market values of
rallwny equipment and railway labor.
Street-car rates of fare are unreasonably
,, ilgh en the 1'ubllc Service lines. The people
' have seuws ground for the suspicion that they
are being maintained largely through the
nld of political factions. Jtut it ought te be
ua clear as daylight that juH fares can be
established only through surveys and schemes
of management bcieutitically directed and net
by any flat edict of a Legislature.
There U a chance that the people of New
Jereey muy wake up some morning and find
that a group of politicians has legjsUtpil
aerae indispensable street-car systems into a
etate of collapse or bankruptcy. 11J that
time, however, the elections would be evet.
He the Democratic managers prefer net te
think of such a dreary rentingcney.
AS POPE PIUS SEES US
rpHERU was a nete of gr,iiliusuv.s and
ri' A' deee sincerity In the irreetiiiir uhii-h tlm
'' new Pepe, Plus XI, extended te tViulinn!
O'Gennell. ' ou Amerleans." mi id tl.
Pepe, 4,are young in jears but old in wjs-
dem. Your Innate qualities of fairness and
juetice. your great moral stability and ,iir
Infinite riches unke jeu the hope and hhcet
anchor of thf world."
Americans ,a,t recognize the general truth
of bucu ascemeiis net with pride alone but
Mrith some measure of an.kty. Te be tae
chief hope and the sheet anchor of a wer.d
te variously motivated as thu one we happen
te Jive In Is te eceupi a position of euraer-
ii.m. i ,
Mjaury reri""""""1 '" one mat is net
RPrir
rjfrLiyrnny means an assurance of euutlnuiiw
kwi iieare unit unaiie; cu joy.
mterr.t . -. .. n ii...
'',. t"Jf''wVur iiwuimr imiuiviiM are (juite iu
W'Sj-OIBpHcoted at the present moment as tlm.e
peculiar pi i
W?1" " eu,lr 1" "HI''. " l "nv" s JIlUi'M weri,
ifffrifJ&Q ether nations hiie. It j.s by no
I 1-a)apUcUJy expresse vjs), 0f our own that we
re eeea seiccieu te "5111110 tlie ceitii or
IKaatlen and lend the win for iue peoples
.tfV.eMcr world." The statesman nt
aMlU"5Whe..thus irllhli' dellne.1 eiir
f, mm:. eeent te realise that it f
might he n geed thing for very oue coif
cerned If a few of the elder nations would
occasionally de n little of their own guiding.
If they would de this new and then life
might be a little pleasantcr In the United
States, and we might have a little mere time
te repair the damages done te the ship of
stale by storms urtlllclally created by the
folk who acted originally without our knowl
edge, our consent or our co-operation.
A BONUS IS IMPOSSIBLE
WITHOUT MONEY TO PAY IT
But Ne One Has Yet Found a Satisfac
tory Way te Raise the Nee
estaryi Funds
PRESIDENT HARDING'S insictence
that any bonus plan adopted by Con
gress must carry with it a prevision for
ralrlng the money is statesmanlike. Tt
would be better te reject tlie bonus plan
altogether than te held out te the soldiers
the hope of extra compensation without
doing anything te satisfy their expecta
tions. The summary tcjecMeti by the President
of ihe suggestion thnt the bonus charges
be met out of the interest payments en the
foreign lean is businesslike. The money
lent te the foreign tietcrnnients was bor
rowed from the people of the United States,
and its pajment was secured by the lsue
of bends en which our own Government is
new pajlng interest. Every dollar of in
terest paid by the foreign Governments
should be used l meet the Interest en the
demeMir bends, and if any of the principal
Is paid that money should be used te reduce
the amount of the domestic debt.
There ought te be business senc enough
in Congress te sustain the President's ob
jection te such nn lmpreidcnt course ns is
luxelved in diverting te the payment of
benums muiie consecrated by ccry piin-
ciple of sound linanee te I lie pajment of
obligations alieady incurred.
L'lm ebjec lien te levying sprcl.il laes te
-raise money for bonus payments has led
eeral Congressmen te favor borrowing the
money en twenty or thirty jcar bends. It
is estimated thnt SU.eflO.OOO.OOO would be
needed. The interest and sinking fund
charges would be nl least $ir0,000,000 a
year, Mhlch would have te be raised by
taxation.
There rises at once the question whether
se large a lean could be llented. Ne one
thinks it could be floated by ordinary proc
esses. When the ceitntrj was nt war and
patriotism was at fever heat it was neces
sary te resort te extraordinary methods te
raise money te maintain the armies. The
people were exhorted te lend till it hurt,
and many of them did. The bends are net
yet digested. Hundreds of millions of dol
lars advanced by banks te business men
who bought the bends are still owed b t,he
borrowers because the business men hne
net accumulated enough out of their prellts
te pay for what they bought.
The soldiers, it is true, might becem
bend salesmen and canvass the country for
prospective purchasers. They would hae
n direct interest in the s-iccess of their
campaign, for if it failed they would net
get the beilus.
The attempt te float a SL'.r.iKI.HOO.dOO
lean this year, however, would embarrass
the ether llnaneial operations of the Gov
ernment. Within the next sixteen month.
$5,"00.000,000 of Government obligation"
fall due. They cannot nil be paid and the
greater part of the nmeimi mut be refunded
In another lean.
There la $.",,.-.00,000,000 in Vleterv Notes
maturing en May L'0, YX, .s that
amount of money is net in sight and i-an-net
be found, it will be necessary te refund
the greater part of the debt by the issue
of long-term bends. If the holders of the
notes will net exchange them for the new
bends, then the bends will have te be sold
in the open market in order le raise the
money te pay the neies.
Then there is $2,200,000,000 in Treasury
certificates which fall due at arieus date's
during the current year. The-e certificates
represent a temporary flenting debt which
will have te be changed Inte a long-term
obligation In sonic way. because the money
te redeem them Is net in sight. And finally
S700.000.000 iu war-savings tertlfieiiies fnil
due January 1, 1!i2I!. These certificates are
held In small amounts by hundreds of thou
sands of citizens te whom the pronil-e was
made that the money would be paid when
it was due. i
Congress must face these facts. They
cannot be dodged, nnd it mut be admitted
that tl.ey present an obstacle in the. wny
of satisfactory bonus legislation that will be
difficult te overcome. It will requite all the
financial genius of which Secretary Mellen
is possessed te carry the Government safely
through the net sixteen months even if no
heavier obligations are placed upon him.
If the advocates of the bonus would de
vote their energies te finding a satisfactory
and unburdenseme way te rake the money
te pay It they would advance their cause se
rapidly that the preposition would go
through Congress by an almost unanimous
vote.
CHECK ON DISHONEST BROKERS
THE recent mortality of Phi'adelphla
brokerage houses, some of them with
membership in the New Yerk Stock K.x
ihangc, makes pertinent the remarks of Sey
mour L. Cromwell, president of tlie ex
change, at the recent annual dinner of the
Association of Siec-I; Uvhaugc I'irins.
Mr. I'reinwcll called attention te n.e prar
lice of filling in outside accountant te
audit the lxeks of the members of the ei
change. He continued :
Hut new the time has con- u!un h
members of the stock exchange must
collectively assure tlivmselvis of the con
dition of one anetbcr'H affairs. I, for one.
stand abselute'v for well a iveular 0 0
amlnatien of the condition of stock , .
'lunge firms There nre c-'itain facts
which w must knew about t;ies. firms
who carry stocks en marifln for the
public; we mast knew the relation between
their five capital and their cemmitments:
we must knew the obligations wblcli x'.k y
have entailed and which may be t.itrlitl
h, tlie batiks, anil 'thleh might, due te the
ali.ns of leat.s. suddenly brlns tlum te
a condition of insolvency; we must knew
the ehar.i' ter-of numbered m counts, se
that the stock exchange can hit a.s-sured
Mat no niemuer-. huv.. sold for Hi ir ,,rtl,
account stocks that they ulieuiu be earry
.fig for i usiemers
One of the dcluiid brokerage houses wim
a New Yerk Stock Exchange loniiectlen is
i barged with 'cl'ing -tei ks held en margin
for customers and concealing the l uiis-i,.-tlens
in niiMibeied acieunts. If iu. sjst.i,,
of audit which Mr. Ciemwell Miggci, had
been in operation the biekeis would net have
dared te sell securities belonging te iheic
customer", for thev would have known ilna
the transaction would bcceniP known nnd
Win they would have been suimu.iMly ex
pelled from the exchange for violation f ns
laws.
HOLLYWOOD'S TROUBLES
MOVING-l'IOT'Ili: producers with large
stakes In the film business an de
manding that the Helly weed tnevliig-pieiuie
colony be broken up The Majer of Hullv Hullv Hullv
woed has nnsvMi'Ctl ibis suggestion v.ilii ,.
Lieadsldc iu defense of his cninmunkv.
The fact in that theie Is nothing seriously
wrong In Hollywood, Outwardly It h one
" no .neet attraeure jre!ldenc ceminuni.
ties in the United States. The trouble lies
with it small community lhat has formed
within Iho Hollywood community. In thai.
Inner circle live a minority of the. glided
youth of the films. They live in nn atmos
phere of excessive lelsure and burning
money. Most, of ihc scandals that have, been
troubling movie financiers nnd filling the
newspapers represent nn inevitable result of
the efforts' of members of the inner colony
te esenpe a sort of boredom that Is known
only te the very Idle nnd very reckless rich.
As Mr. Ilrenen has observed, much of the
recent news from Southern California ha.
been bail for the moving-picture business.
Hut it ought net le be necessary te break tip
Hollywood. More work and less money for
the actors might help. After that there
might be n school of behavior for n few of
the lovelier screen stars and their mothers
PEPPER AS A REPUBLICAN
IT WOULD be hypercritical te find fault
with Senater Pepper for making a par
tisan political speech nt a dinner In h6ner
of se ftreng n partisan as William llarnes(
of Albany.
Mr. Uarnes is a Republican. He has been
influential in the councils of the party. He
wen his place by qualities of leadership
which irritated his opponents and com
manded the admiration of his friends. Ne
better statement of the achievements and
spirit of the Republican Party was ever mnde
than that which he wrote us the introduc
tion le the Republican national platform In
1012.
Se although Senater Tepper was an ad
mirer of Roosevelt, against whom the Re
publican organization was arrayed In 1012,
and although Mr. Dames fought Roosevelt,
both Pepper and llnrncs arc Republicans In
terested lit the success of the Republican
Pnrty and convinced that It is better quali
fied than the Democratic Party te serve the
Natien.
Senater Pepper wcnl te Albanv lnr ulght
as the representative of the Repu bans of
Pennsylvania te pay a tribute te one of thu
ablest Republican leaders of New Yolk, and
te justify his faith in Republicanism.
Incidentally he recognized Governer Spretll
as the Republican leader of this: State, a
leadership which littler men are trjlng te
dispntc. But his speech was for the most
part a hearty justification of the course of
his party in national affairs. Ne ether kind
of n,specch would have been se fitting nt u
Republican love feast.
Society has se far sue-
I uderwerld War eessfully waged a de-
' fenslve war en the
Individual criminal and criminals in gangs;
but new that bandits, bootleggers, silk
thletcs. auto thieves nnd ethers arc word
ing in large nnd well-organized bodies with
new nnd efficient tools It is evident thnt
society has te adept different methods. As
things new nre the criminal Hun appears
te think nothing can step him. Other crim
inals have aforetime hail such ideas knocked
out of them, nnd hltery will repeat itself.
An English church has
It Builds Churches been built with the
brick from the grand
stand of nn old rare track nt Newton-le-Willow.
which is te be replaced by a better
course at llavdeck Park. Seme may think
this wrong ; but here, ut least, it is demon
strated that difference of opinion makes
mere than horse races.
SHORT CUTS
P. R. T. hands are hand nnd glove with
Mitten.
The unlucky thirteen has no terror for
the new calendar advocates.
It's a cold day when the Southern Cali
fornia!! isn't bragging about the climate.
Seme of In't year's excess temperature
may be needed this year te preserve a decent
average.
The heat engendered by discussion ever
a site for the big fair may later be utilized
te boost the final selection.
P.audlts are said te use ceilain saloons
in Clilcige ns check rooms for their re
volvers. All modem conveniences.
"I Imagine 1 am spoiled some myself,"
Laddie Bey is made te say. If he were,
one couldn't blame the peer tyke.
Portugal new has if eighth Govern
ment in a year. Why net end the uncer
tainty and agree te have one a month?
It will still appear te the thoughtful
thnt te sign a treaty without impairment
of sovereignty is te eat a c.ike ami have It.
Ex-service men In Congress have re
opened the fight te bring Bergdoll back te
the United States. And just when we weie
beginning te forget liim!
We learn from Washington that the
President "grasped the situation by the
forelock." It is evident, therefore, that the
situation needed a haircut.
It may be that the Washington Con
ference ale proved thai Arthur J. lialfeur
is net the ceid. Indifferent cuss, the Eugliu
parngraphcrs have made hnn.
Chinese delegates in the Arms Confr Cenfr Confr
ence profess themselves as being pleased
with what happened in Washington, Ne
higher testimonial could be paid.
"Splendidly simple;" said Senater
Ledge as he signed himself '('iti.en of the
United Slates." "Se dammd simple as te be
almost arrogant." "aid Mr. Reet. In
statement brief and true still apt Is Ellhu.
The New Yerk singer who unwittingly
killed a cat by djeing it blm te mutch her
draperies and was pni-ecuted by tie S. P.
C, A. new has further nppiecliitieu of the
discomfort attendant en striking a blue
note.
It is said that some rciluuien m the
personnel of the army and irivy will result
from the Arms fent'eience agreements, but
that they will be of "reasonable relativity."
This may mciii that when Congress see's a
light the raj may be a trltle bent.
After all it is Philadelphia that is le
held the fair: and the debate ever the site
is between Phllnddphlan.s; net by League
Islanders ami Penny packer Parkers ami
Tacenians. It is only in the heat of debate
that the fact Is occasionally lest sight of.
A v.emun iiilsieiuir who had cooked
thicken three times a "lav even- day for two
vears 1ms arrived in New Yerk from Seuth
Africa with her husband, v. he ate the fowl
nml enjoyed tl. She prcpaics chicken iu
twenty -two difterent ways, she mys. We
knew a dressmaker who gees her better by
several points.
Women of the Syracuse. .V..Y., Pres
bytery, being denied the -right te diun with
tin men at a filmier in honor of ihe mod
erator, coiitpieniised by holding a luncheon
apart from them, but simultaneously. This
will grieve the militants. Par better it
would have been if they had refused te
i . ok the dinner fee the men.
Dr. Adelf Leienz was "rejuvenated"
h, an opeiatleli before he left Vienna for
tl'iis ceiiutij . The "aged" lir. Lerenz. vv
ur" lurthcr informed. Is sklv -seven. Tlsh,
lush, ami likewise pooh ' Then! are younkers
of that age en every golf course ami en
ever se iiuiiivt. t iiiiIh ieuiis; strong men
of I lull age beginning careers of statesman
ship and taking bold of big executive jobs.
Wherft de they get hut Vaed" tUuff? i
CEMENT PA9T AND PRESENT
Water Oendulta of- Epheaui and
Smyrna Built of Material That Haa
the Mederns Guessing Great
Roadbed Controversy
By GEORGE NOX MeCAIN
T) S. MncBRIDE, engineer for the Tort-
land Cement Association, told me a
short time hack that the growth of the ce
ment Industry Jn recent years is something
remarkable. '
I've been looking it up, nnd Mr. MacDrlde
didn't overstate his case.
Between J SOS and 1018, a matter of
twenty years, the value of the .production
leaped from approximately ."2,500,000 in
the entire country te $4-1,000,000 in Penn
sylvania alone.
In half a century, from 1S50 te 1809,
Europe furnished the country with pretty
much all the IVrtland cement It used.
It was net until ISO" that the production
of the American article equaled in amount
that of the imported.
In that year we manufactured 2,272,071
Jjftii"2.0 Portland cement and imported
2,000,700 barrels.
It was the first time in our history this
and been done.
Foreign cement has never been able te
rcgnln the ground it then lest.
piIirYDELPHIATn usual, led the
-L country in displaying lis faith in the
home-made article.
Prejudice, festered by foreign manufac
turers and helped along by our crude meth
ods of manufacture, nided in creating dis
trust iu the value of the American cement.
Perhaps It wasn't se geed and se attrac
tive looking as the foreign article thirty
years age.
Tl"t accounts for the fact that In 1803
only r.00,000 barrels of Portland cement
were manufactured In the entire ceuntrv.
One of the first buildings of any size in
which the American cement was used ex
tensively wa, in the Drc.xel Building, at
l' iftli and Chestnut streets, this city.
Before that, however, Captain Andrews,
of Allegheny City, who was the construction
chief for James B. Kads when he built the
Mississippi jetties, used American cement in
that work.
Anether drawback te the introduction of
American cement was the cost.
It could net, nt first, be manufactured se
cheaply as the foreign product.
That helped te intensify this prejudice
ngainst If. The last qunrter of n century
has seen the marvelous change spoken of by
Mr. MacBrlde.
Pertlan.1 cement by the million barrels is
turned out In this country, with thu result
wini tin tercign product lias been practically
driven from the market.
'TWERE is one thing about this new
- universal necessity in construction in
dustries, no one lias yet been able te pierce
the mystery of the cement of the ancients.
Samples used by the ancients have been
analjzed with unsatisfactory results.
Seme years age cement from the water
conduits about Ephesus and Smyrna were
subjected te chemical analysis.
They all were found te be quite similar in
composition.
This was noteworthy in view of the fact
that the waterworks from which the speci
mens were taken dated from a period several
centuries before the Christian era te 1500
years after.
Chief among the constituents of these
samples wan carbonate of lime, having mixed
with it from 2 te S per cent of organic ma
terial. Tin latter was found le consist of a com
pound of fatty ncids.
Experiments te discover the secrets weie
made.
A cement made of burned lime and linseed
or olive oil did net prove permanent.
A mixture of two-thirds of nlr-slnked
lime and one-third olive oil hardened well
and showed great endurance.
It wns considered likely that this was, in
part at least, the secret of the ancient
ccmeuts.
THE popularity of cement as a building
material has advanced tremendously iu
the lust decade.
In the matter of read-building, the same
is true.
The asphalt interests have been opposing
the notion that cement highways arc the
most durable nnd desirable.
Automobiles (.ml motertrucks have revolu
tionized read-building.
Seme months age I noted the fact that
the Highway Department of Pennsylvania
proposed te confine itself te concrete as the
most desirable material for permanent,
smooth nnd satisfactory reads.
Asphalt advocates at once took issue with
this nnd set forth the admirable qualities of
asphalt highways.
WE. ROSKNGARTEN, traffic engineer
of the Asphalt Association, declared
thut:
"An nsffliult surface provides net only n
wearing course, but a cushion that nbstirbs
the shock Impact and reduces the shattering
effect en the rigid main structure of the
Street."
New comes Mr. MncP.ridc, who says, as
the apostle of cement :
"The Bureau of Public Reads has found,
after an exhaustive series of tests, that
compared te the amount of Impact nbsnrhed
by the rubber tire of the vehicle, the amount
taken up by the asphalt surface is negligible.
"The characteristics of a street pavement
urc determined by the materials of which
it is made.
"The universal use of cement as the
foundation, or base material, for city streets
place the vast majority of American city
pavements In tlie class of rigid pavements.
"This Is net accidental, but the result of
long years of expeilence in every section
of the country."
'"pIllS Is net a oen'.ottiiini en emenl
A pavements or rigid highways.
Far be it. ,when tlie finest cnginceiing
skill and common sens,. 0f great Slates are
seeking te secure the brt (mnterial for the
best reads, that I should mix In.
Let Gisirge II lilies nnd ether eminent
technicians like him boil their own mutton
in that regard.
But W. E. Resenearteu dlcuset asphalt
reads in October last with me, and new Mr.
Macllrlde talks eeimnt 1 ighwnys.
Summarized, some of h0 geed points of
which every vveH-lmllt loncrete pavement
Is a visible demonstration, as Mr. MacBrlde
would say, nre:
"Ease of traction, fompaiutlve low first
cost, durability, dustlessness.
"Safety (non-skid nnd ease of illumina
tion and high visibility at uightl.
"KitfC of maintaining in a clean nnd
sanitary condition, freedom from patcutu
nnd revnltles, nvnilublltv of materials re.
quired In its construction,
"Cheap less and ease of maintenance,
suitability, for widening or repavlng with
new cement.
"The facility and neatness with which
openings nmy be closed : et cetera ei ( otera,
et cetera. "
Immigrants Shun the Farm
rreiii I'eini I.'f-
It Is slgnlllcaut that Ihe number of for-elgn-bern
while fanuc-s jn this country
decreased 'sS.OOti, or about Hi per cent,
during the lust ten years, in the same
period the number of native-born while
farmers, as well a-, tin number of colored
faiiueis. Inci cased These figures, given
out by the Cciipih Department, show beyond
ileubt thnt the men who have been coming
here fi"in Kurope hnve been keeping away
from Ihe agricultural districts. There arc
new nearly a million farms lir the country
eiperated bv fanners edassed os colored, e'f
thi'si. there nr 10,000 Indians, about "000
Japanese, le-s than it Iheusntiel Chinese, MI
vest belli-; Negroes, The greatest percentage
of nativMern farmem Is In West Virginia
..m.I tVirt a tut Vu-aWJualltlafrA ilF TtWItl tft l.s. -
1 II ill J H" Hfiara "IH tea) vaajai- ulfH
I Uae In "Vfiptli Tifilrfaa i -
l. SVS!y.-fH-ffia-S "T ilh'BMaY-v. iJr .ClT JKl
t VSPHraffi'QfllRTeU' fij!it-R-liPdBH9 jVT rW
I b!'aHB ws" f m r 1 IaF4rWH-tlLBEi' ' jfc fc!7',lHBfa- I
NOW MY IDEA IS THIS!
Daily Talks Willi Thinking Philadclphians en Subjects They
Knew Best
JUDGE JAMES E. GORMAN
On the Child and the Law
THE position of the child before the law
has improved tremendously in the City
and County of Philadelphia within the last
twenty years, and this improvement has
in many cuses resulted In nn equally great
udvance in the living conditions for entire
families, says Judge James E. German, of
the Municipal Court.
"Philadelphia," said Judge German,
"was oue of the first cities In the country
te take up the matter of Ihe relation of
the law and the child in a really important
wav. The women of the community played
a tremeneleiis part in the crjsinlli.atidn of
sentiment for this improvement, under the
leadership of Mrs. Frederic Scheff and
ethi'r public-spirited women, in fact, I
doubt if without their aid the Improve
ments would have come nearly se seen ns
they did.
The Old-Time Juvenllcf Offender
"It seems almost incredible new, but
iu these days children who were nrrested
were treated in exactly the sanu manner
as adults. They were taken bj the police
officers te the station houses, given hear
ings by the magistrates und sent te piisen
when convicted. In about the year 100."),
there were- no fewer than ."00 e-hllelren under
sixteen J ears of age confined iu Moya Meya
mcusing. "Mrs. Scheff get Judge Beiller interested
in the matter of the reform of these abuses,
nml I was asked te net as juvenile mugls mugls
trate and hear nil eases- of ehlldieu. I
wns very glad te de this, and seen the first
Heuse of Detention In the United States
wus established at Fifteenth anil Arch
streets. Here the cases of the chlldieii
were heard entirely uvviiy from tliese of
adults.
"Juilgc Lindscy bad undoubtedly blazed
the way by his Denver court, but our was
the first te he established in n large cltv
where conditions were entiiclv different
from tlie-e in u city the sle of Denver,
owing te the immense population of Phila
delphia and the cosmopolitan character of
that population. We hud trouble ut first
with the police, who were1 net lu-ctwenud
... 1...I t.nl.ii. t1i. r.lltl.l,.... ti, flu, lt.kilk.. .tl
,r CI IMfe.UK ,,i- ' iiiiiui l " ." ..'i-i- wi .
Detention, nnd with some of the magis
trates: but these iiltlicullle-' were -non
t'-uiglitened out and we had In this fit v
the first laige and Mibstiiiilial Juvenile Court
procedure. 1 heard about ."OOII eases each
year at that time.
The Cases In Ihe Courts
"We had a few probation officers whose
salaries were palel by private i-untrlmitlens.
'Ihe cases sent te flic criminal courts were
still tried In the same manner as adult hms
because there was nn legal prevision for
tieatiug llicin otherwise, except that one
daj a week was set aside for them. The
decisions of the Judges in these mutters were
final, whether it involved discharge or im
prisonment. "The need of something iliflercnt s,Mm
became apparent, and when the Municipal
Court w-us organized the juvenile cases
wen: handed ever te it. In fact, ein. of tlie
main reasons for the establishment or this
court was the cases of the ehlldieu. The
e-euil liiinilled the cases of till children fiem
the initiative te the final dispositien: Hub
sequent acts enabled the court te extend
Its functions m us te include tru.uicv and
dependency ctise-s.
"In the meantime the County of Phlla
delpliln liad erected the Detention Ileu.e a'
Twenty-second nnd Arch streets.
Clauses of Children's Cases
"There are three general classes under
which most of the juvenile- cases come. 'lhes0
are delinquency, elepemlencj and tiuiinev.
The first "t these include., mej eases as
children brought Inte court for some of the
miner violations of (he law uhjci- il,ey
t.siiallv commit. Dependency is w,p t,v
are brought Inte court en a petition m.ii'.
lug that they are homeless utiel without
means of support. Truancy is simply sluv
lug away from school unexc-useij
"But the casus of children freimenllv rilav
an important part In the living condition's
of a whole family. When a child Is bieiu-l i
into court there liiiiiiedliitiv fellow nn hi
vesicatien of its fuiiiliv m tin ,.,.
tiens of Its home, the alinesp,er(. , ,'
iclghbeirboeel and ihe whole environment ,,.
the child. H Jhat the Judge-, kiie v 8 c
of every .'hild being present In Ch cSiwi
"This prewliifi t4. te Biiikf parent.-,
THE STRUGGLE .
far mere careful than thev formerly were
ef the welfare of their children and the
conditions under which thev live. They
knew new that there will be a careful in
vestigation of conditions' about which no
one formerly carcel und that they as parents
will be hehl icspensible; for such conditions
ns they might have rectified and did net.
im1- l't"llt'',ls which are almost impos
sible in homes are thus brought te the atten-
tit'i proper ngi'iieics through the
A Familiar Tragedy
"There is one familiar tragedy with which
the ' -Juvenile Courts ceine- constantly hi con cen
ict. ' ,u i, when 'a father dies, leaving
tin mother and several children iu n home
lie custemed le every comfort, but without
ii eugli money ( .ont'nue it Iu that manner
with the brcad-w Inner gene. There are
-V ve V,V Jt'i" f'"' tl'" "ielher te de: cither
".?,."' "',", lu,n"' "' Ke out te work,
th. ,M!TnIlv I"'"', ,,m's "' "'"r. h-aving
,i " ""'-g l'c day without the
f,' ? '"'V.'-eiihl l'--c. '('hey invariably ge't
In i,iisch.f or wens,, and sooner r later
.. e,.,t,r,iW''V'f""' "l" 'ventle Courts,
wv t v 'h'hliqucil.'y or the dependency
' ici . -in V !'"' ''"!'N f'"" ,,,k" '" '
Ir ,i, i V""1 !"' ,l"'11' M'eiises at some
e I, ''r'.1'0'1 ''"li!i. hut there is
no law in Pennsylvania under which the
ee.inl, can help ,he mother bv' pavi g her
the(Sa.ne ,, ,wU u ,ia,s' ,,,. ,,,",1
i'n-2:,",Ti,?.rPM,,!rrnI,.y .'"".' 'f '"h
am,; f Me"'ers' Pension Law came
along II few years age; but the -ltnirni.!.,
tieii, one-half of whieh'ls al lbv e lt , I.
'""' 'e "Ihor half by ll!c ceT.utv. 1,
meager that it does net begin te take care
et all the cases. It is ,i rMit L fn
us it gees. b, it doc' ,,Jt go far enough!'1'
The Solution of Depcntleiicy
"Te my mind, the solution e.r th- whole
r'lee," ,'if ,,',-,"!"'"'"'.v Hi Phila.lehdila s
te Keen lie iner lim-j ..t ,i. I.,,, .
Ktffl Vr ';'' 1- their liun,,
!!:emtr!luTe',r,:Xre,:',,Anur0ih
.an be elone bv rH Itij. the court iu nor tv
te stangirs le t t Ii J.. ,.,. WulIi
. lie matter came ,, .-e.0 ,n'0 , .
Legislature i,d was defcalcl. '
"" Ihl- tin..- te eufer into tl. e I . e , ls
u' whlel, I'' ''' "' ""' 't'0''""1 "f '- "
iii w hlch is s Imnertant k, t, f,mm
ei J.e..ship , the Slate , will eulv'n
hat , passed, this bin ,,..,, ,
lowed the courts te maintain ,anv a he ,,c
which bus lieeii d's-ueled and sav'ed tl w.
har-H'ter, of man, children a , t one
cent mere cost i ,. si.it,. ,, ce ,,, , fl,nl,
iinde-- the proem s.vs, 0U,,t tIln"
"It is no dnplientieii of the .Mothers'
Pension Law. and t. work under he we
jets would net i .., ,, hrX
iluplicate Then. j nu,r , M ,,'
tnrv solution of the deprmle n," " .1 ,',
"mil sun,,. ai..,,Uic legal prevision Lee
lb. mother where s, belong,-., ,,, ,,,.
ehlhlren-.s made by th, Slate TeVal
Today's Anniversaries
l.l-Thc Itev. Charles B. Sl,.,r, wis
jin-'i:!:;..,St axii'te!,
1111.1-Congress ,n j0,lt sewi, ,.,,,
he vote of tl,.. I 'ecteral College and e .hue
Today's Birthdays
Ii Patrick Campbell, a celebi-itn.l ..
Geerge Aile, noted humorist and nl...
vulghtlsuu ut Kentlanel. iLX
Geerge II Moses, I'nlled Hit. c-
SW.S: ismr "-:S":
Jeseph J. ln Id. Nrepiese,nr,.. ,
.
&!H
HUMANISMS
By WILMAM ATHKRTON DU POT
WAY back In 1S07 William .Tcnnlni
Bryan get n letter from Japan signed
lumnshlta Yoschltere, which called Mm
master." and Informed him that the writer
wus coming te America te serve him, te tit
at hU feet and te learn..
Mr. Bryan wrote back that he regretted
that circumstances were such thut It weulel
be Impossible for hlin te accept any Jnpanese
student and direct his s.tcps up the mount
of knowledge.
Seme time later he received another letter
pest. narke.1 Sun Fiam-isce, saving that
Ttnmasliltu had landed en these shores and
iH'if ""I'.1'1 !mn'-v " f" Nebraska and
permit!" " nS :,'rcl"-'ccs would
Mr. Bryan communicated with the Demo Deme Demo
erulle committeeman by the Gobi en (late
tlm' "te 'u-ach" ife JUr"I"a' s "e had Be
Sfliillni littt.M.L. , r --...-..
, i --r. i-MUiu u-en. Milt 'iwikt--City,
b ,"' .c,isv.c.r: " :h,:.--'"B JP-new werkii
ss, , i :' , "" cnerts were made te
e er ic ' Vf '' 'i.Prl ,,i,V- 1,,,n"y. "
h ms'elf ., . iK ''. Ilr'vr'" ,l,,er,,ell '! Ami
w ur, Lri''"" "l0"",r '""l showering her
ml nmvnh 11're,,',Ilti"1'? of devotion as ire
circles-! ".'ntleiml .Middle Weit
Jm" Msl,'iv.,?t,'p f i!t "!,s 1Ilnt Y..mnShltn:
h.K;,;hVe M,im r '" " -J em
intTSrrbfeeS. rCtl'le(1 ,he m,
Vn'.l.'ri,.!." ev:V,,lbt;r v"-'.'.hltn returntdte
Peace Se,.i;.t,U "",''; the JapaneS
these fi,. ' tJ lu 1",s k'1' in AVnslilngten
Orien I. , "' ,,,IIS ,,ta ".elates from tie
peare'teV' l!.rt,,fe,,'- -I"? veteran SlinkM-
ml B,r.. ' l",llce l'hijetl with Beeth
t, ! 1' l" Uvl",K ,lu,c'y I" Waslilnj-
t this season, Wicre he went te liijli
V He riWi 'J80' V" cnt up te he
"I Met a VoeK" ' "0t '"S US "ml Mtd
Cen'nsia!:'n 'V'r lai" wclnr of the
&!:? att.tbe NutI" w
Cemresst,'!,,,,t '.'.'!V''!' ,,v-kV '"' 'mbelicvjnj
iimiii, ' t , 'at ftllls'l' "re, fundj
meutallj, much like sausage'"
Sfeuar't1 V ''" J0U lWliuV' wrM Mr.'
i,iuc,h"wS!",f.,,";'r ''Tendabillty ,c,t prettj
"""" "'"' "'e man who makca thciaV"
What De YouKnew?
QUIZ
Wl.',',L,r!T,' "U ,th" I'mprws Kugenl
l, . ',.' wllc" vL-tltlriBr Kratice in the
.... i1'1-'1, yeara of her life?
iuppluc' h".,ernltIlul"l',al sjnibcl for
What Is aceilla"
What Cnbliiut olllce is new held by for fer
nier honnter Full?
Uhe Is Konc Bazlnv
lu what nation dlil Fluine belong befera
the World War.'
What is a licentiate?
What Is replevin?
Whcre und what Is the Dsad Sea
In travcllni; westward around the world.
is u day le.st or Rallied?
Answers te Yesterday's Quiz
Ne Hemoeratle Presidents of the I'"'15
.States dlul lu e-lllce,
Ihe two plurals of the word gUdlelW
are Kl.idlell and glailleluses.
harnh Klddeus was en,, of iim most cele-
Jiinit.il uctresscs of the Kiiglbli step.
Her dittos nre 1 7." .T-l s:; l. ,
lhe;saiiP(lliiu la a i,,,, evergreen SeuUi
American trce.' Its fiull, also call"
s.ipedlll.t, has iv sub-acid pulp hlW;,
.1,-uiin u iur uvsueri iu inu ii.
Indies.
It tul.tM freni tiine te eleven hours
u sieaiiislilp te prisa tlireiiKli t"
I'ananm ('anal. . ,
Tha Heche of u church Is a ulemUr rwh
CHiieclally at the midsection et li
Jehn Ad.inis was the longest Uvea w
American Presldeiim. dylntf en JaWA
1S2, at tlie uge of ninety yens. t'1.
months nnd a few clayu. , ...
Pnrilie.il 1. in. it., te it,. fi..li-i,nt of mu
Ireland. ,...
Tlm Stutu of California, has Kurtka A
Have JAnind lt"l as Its iuet(i. jrfjj
mu evuvina. until 1 1. 'illy -Known
.-nri iiuimu,- is naiimi uiier v
"Oca" Is Ihn ltMii,.ii ueni feistliat'.t
v
. 'bBti
j w
a.V:Mjtiul
ft
i&l& -..-,
. .-j. u,. ..A.Si&k
tfw
mft-wtftfrtifr
&Y,ii'i
Ls-,-.. , . A
&f:ifi;.it.M.i.iis .. ' . .
I
MiTffl"! ""''" fM kA
--ftafe . .fa.--l-Sg.!
i
-iiM-ffa
it
' . "la" Is a common suffix. ' M