J T .ewaff. r- , , - -i' ,Trt. rf.'. ... h "- i , , wf-v M " T 5 s- IP fe. s fc. ft r t IV ( ' i - ,? ' "8 la- jEuening public ftebgcr PUBLIC LEDGER COMPANY X CYHUH If. K. OUIIT1S, l'SEiunr.NT . lehn O, Mtrtln, Vice Ireeidnt and Treasurer: tjharlee A. Tyler, secretary: Char'es H l.udinr. ton, rhlllp 8. Collins, John U. Williams. John J. fpurreon, Qeorre F. Goldsmith, David E. Smlly, .Directors. .PAVtn K. SMIT.ET Editor .JOHN'O. MAHTIN... .general nmnea Mjinaaer Fobllshed dally at FcM-to Lrrora Itulldlnc Independence Square, Philadelphia. Atuntio CITT rreifUnlcn Dultdlng NEW ToiK H4 Madlaun Ave. Drraorr T01 Ford Itulldlnf Br. Lncta 613 Olobe-Demoerat DullJIni Chicago 1802 Tribune- Building NEWS UURKAUa: wnniKoTow Bcatic, N. E. Car. Pennsylvania Ave. and 14th St. Ksrw ToaK IlcaaiD Tha Bun nulldlna Lomdon Ouaatc Trafalgar Bulldlnc SUHSCniPTION TKnMS Tha EriNlNO Pcauo Limes la served to sub erlbara In Philadelphia and aurroundlng- towns at th rata of twelve (12) centa par wk, parable to tha carrier. ..Br mall to polnta outside of Philadelphia In the United Slatea. Canada, or United Hum pox- Jeaslons, poataca free, fifty (80) eenta per month. IX (101 dollars per ear, pio-able In advance. To all forelirn countries one (SI) dollar a month. Xotici 8ubsertber nlshlna address chanjed tnuat the old aa well as new address. rtt. MODVaLM'T KEYSTONE. MAIN 11 ETAtUrtsi all commui(cof(on fo t'vm(tip I'ubUo IttAyr, IndtpmArnr Kgvnre, PMnttrtphta Member of the Associated Press run associated press j neiutivv n- fo th use for republication of all ntw , Upafct credited fo t or dot otheru-Us credited to IM paper, and aln t local mui puMtahed All rigMt o rtpubttcation of (pedal dispatch ervsft ore olea reserved. PMWdrlphlt, Thsndar, September 1, 1921 INDIFFERENCE TRIUMPHS rTlHE local Contractor Combine is not en J. titlrd to arrogate unto Itself nil the credit if such it ran bo Milled for the de feat of the Coustitutionnl Convention pro gram. Since the referendum wan State-wide, a considerable, part of the responsibility must b. ascribed to the indifference of individual Yoters. Clearly, the public was not inter ested in the proposal to modernize the fun damental law of the Commonwealth. "That that Is, la," declares a Shakes pearean philosopher, "for what is 'that' tut 'that,' and 'Is' but 'is'?" There is stuff for an appropriate motto for Pennsylvania in that observation. Apathy and orders from the front went band in hand In the late exhibit. The for mer factor sheds an informing light upon the once much -discussed topic of the initia tive and referendum. The referendum has been held. Where was the initiative? AN OLD GAME AT THE POLLS tt A SSISTANCE" at the polls is an old xTl game which has almost ceased to bo openly practiced upon male electors except those technically known as boobs. With highly developed technique division handy men have for some time been earning tho gratitude of the leaders by subtler methods. The enfranchisement of women, however, appears to have been followed in numerous Instances by a revival of "assistance" tactics. To the embarrassment of the new electors hangers-on at the election booths on Tuesday were frequently assiduous in offering their services in alleged elucidation of a compli cated ballot. Xot every woman who voted was politi cally wise enough to realize that the only individual authorized to greet her officially was the election judge who handed her the ballot sheet, and that even the most veiled pressure or "advice" constituted a flagrant breach of the election laws. Much will doubtless be learned by ex perience both by the new voters and their elf-appointed politicnl counselors. The latter were obviously vexed at their inability to figure out feminine predilections safely beforehand. Hence the eleventh -hour as siduity and the persuasive oil poured forth. It was crude oil, however, and calculated to prove Inflammable as the new voters ac quire conviction of their legal defenses and Inalienable rights. A QUERY A WOMAN voter writes: "When I wish to buy gasoline for ray flivver I go to a fountain arranged beauti fully after the manner of a Greek temple. To purchase gloves I go to a store that, inside and out, is like a palace. Whenever I desire to perform the modern rite of going to the movies I find myself in a place beau tifully appointed and all my needs ore at tended to by people with nice voices and good manners. "No matter where I turn in the ordinary routine I find courtesy and some shred of dignity maintained to make one's necessary duties plcusant or at least tolerable. "It Is only when I go to vote, when I et out to exercise what I nm asked to re gard as the stateliest of human privileges, that I find myself at last in a grubby hole-in-the-wall where tho whole atmosphere reeks of squalid practice and squalid think ing. Why Is this?" We do not know. FAREWELL AND HAIL NO ONK can say thut summertime, of which tho end is near, was graciouB as a poet's rhyme or in the least way dear to those who sadly call to mind humidity and beat, the unrefreshing furnace-wind, the dusty, cheerless street, the jams upon va cation bent at mountains and at "shore," the camp with "skecters" in the tent, the pocketbook full sore, tho grueling davs of grim July, the futile thunder storm that daily cluttered up the sky and left one just as warm as though it hadn't rained at all. No one can say that such performances within recall helped any victim much. Nor can affection fondly dwell upon the early drought, succeeded by the scorching spell that put all sleep to rout upon those sizzling humid nights, with mercury "on high," con vincing town folk that delights of summer were a lie. One cannot bless the weather man, who even In September prolonged his enervating plan, unsoothlng to remember. One cannot, wo repeat, be glib with praises for a season which piled on agony ad lib, devoid of sense or reason. But now blot out what's gone before and bail a blithe newcomer, for autumn's knock ing nt the door. Unmournrd will exit sum mer, and protty quick about It, too. Step lively. Ilanikh sorrow. For fall Is making her debut. She comes, in fact, tomorrow. MEN ON HORSEBACK rI8 about time that hoiiiu one with a knowledge of the psychology of official uniforms and brass buttons sought to ex plain the increasing tendency of mounted police to apply methods of frightfulness In the dispersal of civilian crowds. Why must men on horseback feel that they have to urge their horses headlong among helpless people on foot in order to keep the peace? A daj or two ago the people of New York City were shocked and angered by a display of this sort of force and the introduction into Fifth avenue of a method that doesn't seem to offend anybody when It is applied time and again to what conventional reports describe as "unruly labor inobs " That sort of thing will not do. It is not only disgraceful. It is unnecessary. If the authorities hare good reasons to believe that a crowd la undesirable lu a particular place. atvi particular time, tho crowd should not b peraitkM to form. A dull sort of hysteria -Kurt be fud against police oScials who Kssemble their forces in a side street and wait for a crowd to become thick and un wieldy before they send their men lunging into it with clubs. In this city, on more than one occasion, a tew of the officers of the mounted squad haven't hesitated to apply the riot method to restrain peaceable crowds assembled to sec a parade. Mounts arc provided In all police depart ments to carry the men about, Taxpayors in this age and generation do not pay for police horses In order that the animals may be trained to "rush" them and step on their toes. ELECTION DAY FOLLIES BRING TYRANNY BACK INTO FASHION The Reason for Wizards, Agitators and Amateur Dictators Is Revealed Reg ularly at the Polls EVEN a casual survey of any day's news will reveal an astonishingly large and increasing group of men who seem suddenly to be convinced that they are better quali fied than the established Government to run the country, and that they should be per mitted to lead all or n part of the population wildly away from every human course sug gested by knowledge, experienco, reason or national tradition. Wilbur Voliva, boss of Zlon City and suc cessor to the amazing Dowle, recently issued on edict under which bin followers must believe that the earth Is flat. That pronouncement enrao upon the heels of another formulated steruly to regulate the dress of the ladles of Zlon. Loudly and disdainfully Mr. Voliva laughs at the astronomers. Yet he Is no more odd in his way than Wizard Simmons, of the Ku Klux, who wants to see the United States ruled from Atlanta rather than from Washington. Simmons would substitute his own will and that of Klcagle Clarke nnd Mrs. Tyler for tho will of the President, Congress nnd the Judgei of the courts. In West Virginia armed mobs represent ing the mine workers nnd the coal operators hove been fighting for the control of the coal fields while the State Government has stood apart, ignored and helpless. It isn't hard to find reactionary minded employers on one hand nnd radical labor leaders on the other sternly determined to establish and maintain a rule of their own above that of the common law. The typical agitator and the typical propagandist is, in nine cases out of ten, out to supplement the mechanism of government with some selfish scheme of bis own. The passion for organization under lnde- nflmlnnt lenrlpraliln which nfflletS nil Sorts and conditions of people usually reflects a half-formed desire to extend a new and Informal sort of personal government over large or small areas of the country. Now. after a typical local election, it is interesting to consider the significance of. all this. Government and law ought to be every where adequate and everywhere beyond question. Neither should require the help of self-appointed guides nnd censors. When government Is wisely organized its authority will not be questioned by any one not obviously unbalanced or vicious. But government in a country like ours is truly representative. It is ho representa tive that it must nlwnys continue to reflect the faults as well as the virtues of the average voter. If it seems imperfect or haphazard, it Is because the voter's Ideals are imperfect and his rent-oning haphazard. Government in the United States, so long as it Is a government of parties, will always reflect the plrlt of one party or another, and since every recognized party has Its foundations in the cities and small commu nitiesin the wards, as a matter of fact the administrative processes nt Washington must inevitably be colored and directed in ways Indicated by the nverngc voter at the polls. In an election such as that which has just closed these voters are not oBked to think. They ore not exported to think. Their leaders do not think, i-lnro think ing isn't necessary to them in days when politics has become a trade. A successful politician lives apart from the crowd. If he gets into a "good" office he can be assured of a comfortable snlary and a motorcar maintained by the public for his use. A boss similarly successful will be assured of his graft and his contracts. Neither need worry about the economic processes by which the average man gets his living. Neither need have a moment's concern about ups and downs of Industry or the terrors of unemployment. It is not surprising, therefore, that in the campaign period preceding Tuesday's election few. if any, of the candidates gave a moment of rational discussion to the reali ties of the life about them. Questions of taxes were dismissed with platitudes. Questions of unemployment, of prices, of labor conditions, of strikes and lockouts, of trolley fares, of social and Industrial con ditions generally were not introduced Into the campaign. These questions wcTe left to settle them selves. The candidates didn't know what to sug gest. Men who might hnve known what to suggest for the later guidance of their party at Harrisburg and in Wubhlngton couldn't have been elected. Former Provost Smith, of tho University of Pennsylvania we mention him merely as a scholar and an idealist and n man of great capacity for unselfish service to his community wouldn't have had a ghobt of a chance against Magistrate Campbell. Yesterday's voting revealed a cross sec tion of American life Until the everyday voter acquires a better and truer sense of his responsibility lie will be harried by the amateur tyrants whose rise to Influence he has been making possible. It will be useless for him to talk about the errors of his Government He himself has an opportunity to better governmental processes every time he goes to the polls. He h the only one who can bring about the reforms he is crying for. And, as n rule, he seldom even tries. THE WIDE SCOPE OF THE PARLEY rIK tentative program for the Disarma ment Conference, said to have been al ready dispatched by the tnltd States to the Powers concerned, strlk'ngly exemplifies the growth of the project since a mere pro posal for n cut In naval preparations was originally made by Senator Bornh. It is now evident that the meeting in Washington must assume proportions almost as ample as those which characterized the peoro parley In Porlu If the American sug gestions are unrevlsed, questions of laud as well as naval armament will be consid ered and rules for the control of new agencies of warfare The topics coming under the head of the Pacific nnd Far Knstern problem smack slgnlficcsit'y of those which were formerly deemed especially within the province of the League of Nations, Among these Are matters connected with territorial integrity, the open door, cocQesalons and monopolies, EVENING PUBLIC LEDGERS development of railways, the status of Si bcria and China and the mandated islands. Only theoretically is there any divorce from K ii rope In this program, since Britain, France nnd Italy ore parties to the con clave. The Impression that tho negotiations In Washington would take on the nature of a second world convention to stabilize peace appears to have been well founded. Tho State Department Is obviously aware, as any sane ngency of government must bo, that disarmament Is not a detached problem nnd that It Is altogether impossible to lsolnto it from the basic circumstances which have produced tho financial burden under which every important nation on earth is suffering. CHESTER'S VOTE AUCTION MORALISTS If there arc any of them about will grieve over the details of the election in Chester, and they prob ably will arise again to insist that thel alien and illiterate voter Is a menace to all bur national Institutions. They will venture again to suggest that the safety of tho Re public can bo assured only bv the restriction of the franchise to those who, by education or a long practice of citizenship, arc fitted to vote iutelllgeutly. For the news from Chester indicates thnt there was an open buying nnd selling of votes in quarters of the city Inhabited by "aliens" and Negroes and that heavy pur chasing was dons not only by the McCIuro workers but by their opponents. One word leader confessed openly that he bought votes nt $10 each. There were mnny stories told about tho polling places of voters who held out for higher rates quite like profiteers or stock-market plungers only to be left without buyers nnd without either profit or an opportunity to cast n ballot. All this is very Interesting nnd anciently significant. Doubtless there Is n text here for the conventional minded reformer who likes to blame the woes of exploited munici palities on tho ignornnt voters exclusively. But a man who offers a bribe is no hotter than the man who accepts it. Often he is a more dangerous citizen than the bribe taker, becauso be is not ignorant or tempted by poverty. The political workers in Chester doubt less are able to read and write. Many of thom are native to the community. They are in no doubt abont the moral aspects of tho case. So it la with them that moralists must be concerned. They are the sort of folk who teach less Intelligent people to sell votes for n price. The lesson of Chester like lessons taught every election day in other communities is that political reform must begin at the top. The bottom will then take care of itself. THE COUNTY FAIRS POLITICAL heelers may hold the cities In thrall, Congress may behave like a con vention of sleep-walkers, the ultra-rich may fill tho divorce courts, peace-makers may fight savagely among themselves and moro nnd more people may go to reside in the movies, but so long as the County Fair continues to flourish as it has been flourish ing nt Bybcrry, at Ailentown and at Mount Holly and in thousands of other places It will be possible to feel that we, as a peoplo, haven't quite lost our grip on life's realities or our chances of salvation. The County Fair doesn't change in any essential, though it grows larger and more ambitious every year. And the city man who leaves his cubicle for a sight of its wonders is utterly lost in spirit if he doesn't feel a dim sense of loncsomeness and frus tration in his contacts with the other side of American life which the adventure in volves. At the fairs he will meet people whoso every effort is directed somehow to aid in the fulfillment of great natural processes. They are untroubled folk for all their trou bles. They haven't time to be mouey-mad. Their children look far lovelier in plaited hair and gingham than the juveniles of tho elect who begin to formulate social distinc tions in the nursery nnd to express these distinctions in dress and manner before they are twelve. Good horses and good motors, wheat nnd corn, rain and wind and the qunlfties of the soil, the ways of sturdy cuttle and the ways of all other living things are the daily con cerns of the people you meet at the county fairs. It is good to remember that they still are a majority lu this distracted land. They know what life is about nnd. almost invariably, they get the most out of it. At each of the fairs there is a department for competitive exhibitions of the domestic arts. Bread and cake, jams and jellies are shown as proudly ns exquisite embroidery and paintings in color. The department of domestic arts Is filled with a sort of sug gestion that sends the alien visitor on his way with n wistful heart. You havo but to look twice at the mar vclously stitched quilts to havo a thrilling vision of warm winter afternoons In farm house sitting rooms that look out upon quiet, unbroken fields of snow and to achieve a sense of the fine tranquillity, the peace and the reasonableness that are attainable in places where trolleys and skvbcrapers aro unknown. The art of the county fairs wouldn't be acclaimed by the critics, because critics still have much to learn. But it is art of a very pure sort, because it reflects vividly and beautifully moods and phases of national life that are Indispensable and permanent. And, what is more, it la expressive of people. Farmers have been having their ups and downs like the rest of us. But no one Is ever really poor on the land. The land does not withhold the wages of toll. It Ik gen erous and fair. It can't be tricked or bul lied. You give, and in return receive. Stock brokers, capitalists, labor leaders, theorists of all sorts are powerless to dis turb that wholesome arrangement. BACK TO NORMALCY? IF YOU want to know how tho country nt largo really feels nbout taxes, wars, dis armament, prohibition, international rela tions and the like, you havo only to keep a sensitive ear turned toward Washington after Congress gets down to work In October. Senators and Representatives have been seeing America. Doubtless they have been hearing It, too. Washington slips easily into the belief that it Is the United Statos. Its most con spicuous citizens hnve a habit of forgetting the old folks at home and the corner grocery and the town halls In which, after all, the major forces of national opinion arc gen erated. When the Honorables take n little time off and return to Main Street for a vacation and fresh contacts with their various con stituents they return to Washington with new energy nnd clearer minds. Thoy aro better for a now baptism of the spirit. It is fair to bellcvo that the House and the Senate will do more than talk after tho preliminaries of the special session are over. Of high renown, the India Rcllsli ship Renown now owns the Prince of Wales. There's not n dry eye on the craft on which the good Prince sails. There's not a dry leaf on the roBe, the shamrock or the thistle; for Wales' leek is strong for stuff with which to wet his whistle. For on the uhip that bears him off to India's coral strands there's wine enough to float tho idilp and rum for all the hands; cigars and cigarettes enough to stoke the blooming ship ; and eke eleven coal Mack cats for luck throughout the trip. Oh, shall we sing of drinks and smokes? Nay. other bards have eung'em, We ting of cat' bacauM thers is no Pussyfoot among 'etar-1 - PHILADELPHIA, THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER FRANK THOMSON'S BOYS His Scholarships for Pennsylvania Railroad Yountj Men Searching for Big Iron Ore Beds In This Stats. Where Chester Leads By GEORGE NOX McOAIN FRANK THOMSON, former prcsdcnt of tho Pennsylvania Railroad, belonged to a past generation. His name will live, though, for yenrs to come. It will be remembered long after tho great system whose destinies he guided for a few years has been lost In mergers and consoli dations with the mighty lines of the future. Except for nn nnnual announcement, made in a matter-of-fact business-like communi cation, there are few outside tho Pennsylva nia s crcnt family of employes who nre aware just why Frank Thomson's name will live. Shortly after his denth his children, in memory of their father, established eight scholarships of n period of four years each. They entitle tbo successful candidates, sons of living or doceasod employes of the Pennsylvania Railroad, to select ft univer sity, collego or technical school which they desire to attend. The purpose is to offer an opportunity to young men to secure a technical educa tion. THIS year one of the winners is a New Bedford, Mass,, boy. He U the son of n doconeed auditor on the eastern lines. Sheffield Scientific School of Yale has been selected by him. Out nt Fort Wnyne, Ind., the son of on assistant foreman of ono of the power plants will nttend Purdue University. Nineteen young men took the examiun tlons for these scholarships, which amount to ?f00 a year each. John Clarke Sims, formerly secretary of the Pennsylvania Railroad und n trustee of the University of Pennsylvania, established two yearly scholarships which exempt the holders from tuition fees nt the University. One is open to competition among the sons of living or deceased Pennsylvania Railroad employes. Trustees of tho University nomi nate the other. The Sims scholarship this year goes to the son of a clerk In the ear servlco department here in Philadelphia. rue catholicity of the gift is shown in its distribution. The son of a section hand is as cllglblo as the son of a division super intendent. Fifty-two boys have been given a univer sity training through tho Thomson scholar ship up to the present time. THE American Legion In Pennsylvania has 00,000 members. It Is a paid-up membership in good standing. In spite of industrial depression nnd the consequent hard times tho Legion during the last year has increased nt the rnto or 1000 a month. One post in Lancaster bos n roster of be tween ihOO and 1000 names. Out of the C52 active posts there are 1.18 thnt have between 100 nnd 200 members, nnd thirty-nine hnve between 200 nnd 300. Montgomery County lends the rural list with 2327, while Fulton County, noted as the only county without a railroad, has only eighteen members. Incalculable good is being accomplished by the Legion. It aids "buddies" to obtain vocational training. It sccujes treatment for them when ill through the Public Health Service. The Bureau of War Risk Insurance knows of its activities to tho tune of 11,000 complaints Inst year. Fifty per cent of these were Legion coses. Its' work on behalf of Its members nnd the country for which they fought has only begun. GOVERNOR SPROUL'S home town of Chester Is setting a pace for every other third-class city in tho State. There nre thirty-five of these smaller cities, and it is the only one of the lot that bases its assessments for taxation purposes on tho actual valuation of the property. Reading nnd New Cnstle arc u close sec ond. They fix the valuntlon at 00 per cent. Lancaster has a 33 1-3 per cent valuation, which requires eleven mills tax for nil city purposes. If this millagc were based on the full value of the property it would be re duced to 3.00 per cent. These figures are the result of a survey mndc by Secretnry of Internal Affairs Wood ward. He is n believer In taxing property to its full vnluc. Uniontown, where property Is assessed nt ono-thlrd its nctual vnluc, has a rate for city purposes this year of fifteen mills. On full valuation this would be reduced to five mills. County commissioners over the State nro urging assessments at full valuation. J ROSS CORBIN, of the State Survey Bureau, is nt work on nn investigation that may put millions of dollars in the pock ets of farmers before he concludes his ex amination. He Is making tests for iron ore in various sections of the State, particularly in the Eastern nnd Southeastern portions. He is largely confining his investigations to a broad belt of countrj running from the Marylund line below Gettysburg, through Middletown, northeast to Pottstown and on through to New Hope on the Delaware River In Bucks County. There are large deposits of ore already within this belt at Dillsburg, Cornwall and Boyertown. There are paying copper veins also, FORTY years ago Pennsylvania led every State in the-Union In the production of iron ore. Now it holds only sixth place. The development of the Lake Superior ore beds threw this Stnte fur into the back ground. Tho size and purity of these deposits made unprofitable the working of our own ore veins There nre 105 blast furnaces In this State. Three years ago our iron mines pro duced loss than 3 per cent of the material demanded by thom. The Nortnwostern ore beds, unless further discoveries nro made, will be exhausted In the course of time. It Is to anticipate the future nnd ascertain just how much min eral we have here nt home that the present investigation is being prosecuted. NEARLY nil of the ore mined in Penn sylvania is of tho magnetite kind. For yenrs tho mines nt Boyertown were abandoned. The workings filled with water. In the last few years this water has been pumped out nnd mining operations resumed. Thcso deposits nre within forty miles of Philadelphia. Copper is also found in the vicinity, uith limestone used in the blast, furnace fluxes in great abundance. Topographical maps will be prepared bv Mr. Corbln as the tests proceed, indicating every new doposlt of iron ore of lurge size particularly of magnetite, the magnetic ore of iron. Requests by the hundreds from farmers asking that their land be examined for ore have been another reason for the State's ac tion In this matter. The First Silver WHEN the first moonlight Fell on tho trees, Quickly they grasped it, Eager to seize. Silver tho treasure, Swiftly it wtnt. Gone before morning, Squandered and spent. Ouo was more thrifty, Render it praise, For the birch kept it All ' lt iluva MeLandburgb Wilson, 1 the New York "CUT THAT HOUT!" """l .jffwVHnSlMlifx&CJKXBBBWa il KKittamBHEaanHBLaVsCSiianB m aSNlaWuHHfssaaaaaaSlrVVVV I MOM '", I r I ) M& rtfrS.r a. rafSsE WmmSSmU. mmmmtimmmvlfrFYaMPM NsHK&fiaBBsaBaaaaaalHcral S J- ffifc?T rZr7a:tJ'-'r' NOW MY IDEA IS THIS Daily Tallts With Thinking PIiiladelphims on Subjects They Know Best MARRIOTT C. MORRIS On the Boy Problem rpHE problem of the boy lins been n'moot X question for years," says Murrlott C. Morris, treasurer of the Germnntowii Bojs' Club. "So few adults understand boy nature that many times tho average boy feels he is discriminated agninst and has no port in the yorld," Mr. Morris Bnid. "He runs up against all sorts of rules, and in his effort to have a good time generally suc ceeds in breaking most of them. "The boy is the hope of the Nation. As a future citizen he deserves more consider ation thnn he gets. "Such thoughts and the sight of street corners each evening lined with bojs idling their time away were some of the reasons why the movement to help the under-privileged boy began nbout thlity-flve years ngo nnd lias grown by leaps and bounds the country over. "The first efforts were called 'Parlors for Boys,' nnd consisted of one or two rooms whero illustrated books were provided, nlso games. It was finally seen this did not wholly meet the need. "Gang Spirit" "Gang spirit was then rampant. A boy who belonged to the Dogtown gang did not dare venture into confines of Irishtown, Pulnskitown, Falls, the Brickyard or Little Britain without n strong body of supporters nt his back. "The problem was then to transform the gang spirit into other channels, and this gradually came nbout by the introduction of gyms and carpenter shops. "Outdoor sports followed. By these the boys were brought together, the gang gave up its headquarters over saloon or iu n vocnnt lot shanty for a permanent rallying place, where they were treated like men nnd whero the superintendent gne advice which they knew was good. "Ab the scope increased the title 'Boys' Parlors' was Inadequate; a fnr-seelng per son coined the nppellution 'Boys' Club.' This in itself was a forward step. Tho boy feels it is his institution, conceives a greater lojulty for it and is brought to contribute to It as his meaiiH allow, in addition to his moderate regulnr dues. "Thus the boy feels he is not being ex ploited nnd is ussisting, but is content to leave this fiscal management nnd general outline of work attempted to judgment of experienced men. "Just In proportion its these lenders nre tactful nnd forward looking is the success of the club. Up-to-date clubs now include activities which will cover nil boy nature, such as baseball, bnsketbnll, soccer, foot ball, tennis, cross-country runs, bicjcle clubs, Boy Scout work, indoor games, clnbscs whero the hands cnu be occupied, dramatics, vocal music, orchestras, social clubs, good government clubs (under boy management with an older udviser and which can take up any boy hobby), summer camps, special excursions, etc. "Nothing is given free nominal charges male tho boy feel he has an individuality. Promotes Fair Spirit "Tho spirit of fairness Is always to be appealed to. In athletics the club Is shunned whose members piny foul. "Jn former dujs the volunteer workers (whose sacrifice ot time und nerMinni n... qunintnnceship with the bojs forms th0 great hireiigui ui u Miciessiui nos cluD) some times became wearied with approach of summer and the club wus dosed until fall. Then It took weeks or montlit to get lu touch With the bojs agnln. With the advent of athletics, swimming pools und camping, the summer seuson has now become tho most Important part of the year. No club can afford to close it doors In summer. "Tho police rightly look on the boys' club as one of their best adjuncts in the preservation of law and order, and gladly give It their assistance when needed, which is seldom, "With use of a playground, the work ex tended to pui cuts nnd sisters of boys, who are usually given n limited membership and who In turn do many services tor the Hub. "Aa far ns known, the (list b)' Huh was opened In Salem, Mass., about IHH" The first In Philadelphia was the Kvonln'j Homo und Library As.soclntlon ; the neu oue, started in 1SS7, was the present tier mantowu Bojs' Club. "The whole sjstcm of hoys' clubs, of which there are 102 In the United States, Is now bound together by an organization called tho Federated Boys' Clubs, which bus cen tral offices and at present Is training super Hrtendents for boys' clubs and leaders for nii"ii(n luiuyo. j.hx. Buivess oi me- UOySi '22, 1921: club movement has encouraged other or ganizations to include boys in their pro grams. Organization Is Elastic "But there has been nothing cqunl to a well-mnnaged boys' club, with its clastic organization, whicli can change its activities from time to time to meet, with broad vision, the changing needs. "This unique work has been evolved under many handicaps, chief of which was and still h tho matter of financial support. "The clubs have been so busy trying to solve the boy problem that the subject of adequato funds has not yet been sufficiently pressed. The cost hns been largely met by the sacrifices of the men and women who have come Into, direct contact with the boy, "The outlook of this type of community work hns now so extended thnt it is im perative that these few people be relieved of the burden, to leave them free for the actual personui work so necessary to fullest success. These great citizenship factories must be more properly manned and housed if they nre to do their work of building up char acter for the future. Every linn of business will be strengthened by the injection into It In future .vcnr.s of men with genuine boys' club training nnd idenls, nnd this result is already evident to those boys' club workers who have followed the lives of the boys in whom they have tuken nn interest. Deserve Liberal Support "Other cities hnve realized these facts and are supporting their bojs' clubs moro liberally than Is done in Philadelphia. "It is to bo hoped that our people here will respond more generously when ap proached in future for the purpose of ex tending this practical plan of training future citizens, which is being carried ou bo effi cientlj and unobtrusively." Today's Birthdays Major General Hugh L. Scott, United States nrmy, retired, former chief of staff, born at Danville, Ky., sixty-eight years ago. Andre Taidieu. who served duiing the wnr ns French High Commissioner to the United States, born in Paris, forty-five ycais ngo. Prince Miguel of Brngnnza, pretender to the throne of Portugal, born In Austria, fortv-thrre venrs ago. t'hnileu R. Council, Representative in Congress of the Tenth Ponnsjlvnnin Dis trict, born nt Scranton, Pa., fifty-seven j ears ngo. Thomas U. Slsson, Representative in Congress of the Fourth Mississippi District, bom in Attala County, Mississippi, fifty, two jears ngo. What Do You Know? QUIZ What Is the numerical title of the present Conitress? What Is tho capital of New Mexico? Whnt Ih meant by a "piece do reslHt. unce"? l What Is a praying mantis? What Is n skenn? AVh.it Is tho nmno of tho triple crown of tno J'onc? What two Slates contributed tho moHt sinners to tho Declaration of Indenend. Uiv. mnny gnllons equal a tun? is offspring- of American urenin In a ?Vn7.ale,;7, 'h Pre"" Answers to Yesterday's Quiz ofwnnce'. ,h Stm",U "ra" According to (Jroek historians, Semlramla wa ,t, wife of Xinus tho fouTill "r of Tho Mason and Dixon's line separates l.i HS "nsylvnnla and Alary!! Dr Sun Vat Ken Is President nf n. It-imbll- of .South China f "l0 Illrum Johnson, of California, ran for J Ice J'tisldent on the ProgreSHlS Pa My ticket hended bv "ruf! .? lvJ Housewlt lu 1912 y rilc0('ore C0Spa'lnH '"e" '" ",0 cUy of Vl"adolld, A rtocttlnarlun Is a pedantic person whn applies principles without allowal.ce for circumstances. ""uwance Tho fuselage of un ulrpluiio Ih th hn,i including the pagln'an,,' palse Perspicacious means having mental rune,. - tratton or discernment ilparapicuoui ' 2JIJ,aJ"da,8,'' understood, clearly ! 10 21 SHORT CUTS Thcso nre great days for the stand- patters. Woman's improvement of the electonti was not what one would call noticeable. What, demands the intelligent electorili once more, is the Constitution among friends? The best the Administration could it wns to see that the ashcurt moved with tht minimum of disorder. The efforts to remove Dr. Straton from his Jvew lork church appear to be due to tnc lect ttmt nc dearly loves a tight. It is understood that the Woods-ForbM report will set forth that we ought to keep the Philippines because wo can t let go. The Senate Is deplorably behind with Its work, but no great grief is being 'hows by the countrj1 nt the holding up of tht l-ordney Tariff Act. Perhaps tho greatest need of Llojd I George nnd Do valera at the present urns is a thesnurus. .Not n thing stands between them but tho lack of the right words. IVTtnf tl.a I.lmltnttnn nf Armnmnnf (Vb ffirnnnn mnv An Imnnrfnnt nu t mflT M. will bo less important in Itself than tie things for which it may later serve i urcccucnt. To It nnactliln thnt Atlniitn's silence COS' .nenltw. tliu Tit Tflltv Tvlni, rpvplfll lnn4 19 QUI to pride in being considered the Capital o( the invisible umpire.' Ur nic its cm"" jes' plum scared? Geneva has nassed the buck to Wssb' ington. Old -time card players will sec ijsj slur in the declaration. The buck (in old 1 games the buckthorn knife) simply shown who is next to clcnl the cards. ...... ,. T.I-I1 1... Wi ways tne ronpaieuc i-miiieuim, : may ndd to the army of the unemployed tM thousauds of gallons of home-made wine U It stops working." 'Tis but a rumor, uo- I j. I .. 1. ., nnAM knan fflB ever, aim uv rumui uuo ui; .. -firmed. tenced to live dnjs in jail and fined 5100 Ki snying that n man twice convicted of mur( .i i.i ,. . i i rt'l.t-. t...l.Au no flelT siioum De nangi'd, huh iraui" -,, children, that nil Chlcngo policemen soouh be tongue-tied. The fact thnt the Philadelphia Club fl Advertising Women will boost the SmQU Centennial this evening is Inteiceting into" It serves to remind us thnt we nre going w hnve a fair nnd that next to nothing nflJ been nccoinpiisnen. Circumstances hnve forced .Sens'' Lodge to openly support a caii(iiai" .inn..t, in,. I.. rnuenrti.itupttH coDKf"' slonal district. The country might bo bet" ou it me neniuor nioreiim" " - - grace to kwiiIIow a bitter pill. It is too much to expect of lojd.aJ,! Federal unemployment conference "" .i.n ii-V.iL . u.i. ....A.iiii nnneDl snail nnmcuiiiiiiiy iiumieii """."',: : tki The rnoBt It can accomplish is to Indies e path to bo followed by Htutes nim palitlcs, by men with money to buy and ' vvttu labor to sen. ... . . . ., !.. KM. Before malting n martyr oi i -. Dr. Straton, let It be n-mwubrird VuU is not ueiug uiiiii'Hi'ii un raj" .1.. that ought to be said nnd which B "J Iterated, with some relish w hn o. W sum cvcrywiM-rc mm n-nnn'" - ... ....... ...,. otlnnl! Ill I'ernaps i.euoux is i "";?,"" m but that is beside the point. Tl ere plnli. nKlninlty In tho action of the " Vork police In denying to hungry men i right to free speech nnd free nbseow There seems to be strong desire in , qunrters to prove the truth of i"" Spencers uccinraiinn mm. ": ".,,, tjiunny so absolute as that of a democrat Chnuncey M. Dcpew survived o nuil'Jj tude of hunqtiots by making It b r u o to nnd drink but little, and tnui in """. to is rules lit home nut lie .-, 1 . . ., 1....... . , .1... ntilllH. .,ri lesnonui inner nun iue w- -. ... amateurs like Marshal Knvolle. ' ',. llliiuit'iim uu .iiutpii.ti . .. . - ..s,,epsll lliriltll u rniiiL-u un mc inn" ,; - nji 0 very unturally fall by the 1M1U: Foci therefore understands why ''"""' roti feurs that the Battle of America wJf'l, his undoing. Why should it m" u;f,,t, at banquets that guests of honor permitted to do no more man i'7".Shall Let the other, guys do the eMI"l,,!Jj :'')VyA'-lNgftg'r-.,..Hf- wuat they're mere for. . lift A i-! , ...jt,.. yWiM,,. .,. ,, .mwv,.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers