V W 'tr b w- fc " PI it b r f t. $ 9 v1! ii S", s i ! 1 1 lr 1 n rv t. i , tk tu -- M v. tt v : - ft . ' - . ., or , ' filming JJubltc e&ge V :nmic ledger company " CTHU8 It K. CURTIB, FsMiewr ' Jokn C. Martin, Vloa Preddaht and Traaauran A. Tjrler. secretary: Charle-a H. I.uainr. wcviina. jonn u. wiliiama. ionn l 1. aoicuraith, Dana e. Bmuar, I.BT.i BMItat JOHN C. MAnTlN'....Onnrl Bualnea Manager Fnbttahtd call at .roiuo Lason Buudlnf Independence Square, Philadelphia. AnaKTia, Cur , , , .Preas-tnkm Butldinc Xrw YoiK i 384 Madlion Ave. tHmoiT .... T01 Ford Building r. Loon 1....613 Qlobe-tfcmocrat Bulldln- OBieiOO .i4i... ....1803 TWbwM Building KBW8 BUREAUS: WisatNOTO Bcauo, N. E. Cor. Pennsylvania Ave. and lath St. Jhrw Tone DciilD , Tho Sun Bulldtnr Loxtos Btmuu T-vfalgar B"tMn subscription terms The rSTSMiNO I'oi.io Ledokr Is eervwl to ajt crlbert In Phlladelmla and surrounding towna t the rata of twelve (12) etnta ptr wek, payable to tha carrier. Br mall to point! outald of Philadelphia, In tha United Statoe. Canada, or United Statee pee- fiaalena, poetate free, flltr (CO) centa par month, Ix (la) dollara per year, payabla In advance. J'o all tordsti countries ona (ID dollar a month, fonca flubserlbare wlehlnc addreea chanced t live old aa well aa new addreat, ELL. IMP WALNUT KEYSTONE. MAIN 1601 CT Ad&rots all communications to Evtnlng Puilto ZMdoer. InJependno Square, PhtladtfoMa. , Member of the Associated Press THE ASSOCIATED PliE88 l exo'ustvelv an. tatted (a the u$i or republication et all neu- iUpatchei CTtiittd (o it or nor othtruMtt credited 4n thit paper, and alto tho local newt publleheal laarWn. XII rfohtt of repubUcarlon of opootal dTapa'cAas fcereln are alio reeerred. rblUdelptila, Fridey, Mtf , 1M1 QAS COSTS ENOUGH ALREADY ITinB 171-pagc report of the Gas Commis X slon is evidently an exhaustive study of tho processes of the manufacture and sale of gas, together ultb an attempt to justify its recommendations that the price of the illaminant he increased to the consumer. Whatever else msy be said of it, a rccom Bendation to increase the price is bound to be unpopular. Wages are coming down from 20 to 25 per cent. The price of commodities of various kinds is being reduced. This is not thp time to urgo that the price of any necessity be raised. If it is necessary that the operating com pany should bavo a larger net return, tha obvious thing to do Is for the city to reduce tho amount of iti collections from the gas company. The consumer pays $1 per 1000 cubic feet. The gas company get seventy Are cents of this amount and the other twenty-five cents goes into the public treas ury. This yielded $3,500,000 last year, or 6 per cent on $70,000,000. The gas plant is valued at about $25,000,000. Any charge above a fair rate of interest with provision for nmortixation means n profit made by the city out of Its gas- prop erty. Now it is not the function of the city to make money out of the sale of water or gas or any other public necessity. The only excuse for public utilities under public ownership lies in the sale at cost of the service rendered. The cost, of course, must be computed according to tho ordinary and accepted methods of accounting. When the Mayor and the City Council consider the report and its recommendations they will be negligent of their duty If they do not keep in mind their obligation to pro tect the consumers of gas. The public offi cials have been reluctant in the past to sur; rander to the people by a reduction in tho price of gas any of the sums paid by the gas company. They were afraid that they would "have to increase the tax rate if they gave up a million or two of revenue. But they forgot that this revenue came out of a direct tax 'upon every householder who used gas in ny form. MORE LIGHT AT LAST rpHE unanimous passage by Council of the JL daylight-saving ordinance, effective Jnnc 5, assures a large part of the Middle Atlantic region of the benefits of the summer clock. Pittsburgh, Wilmington and New York have already realized the advantages of the light-economy plan. South Jersey has obviously been waiting for definite word on this subject from Philadelphia. It can safely b forecast that the spread of the movement throughout the whole coun try this side of the Mississippi will soon be sufficient to stamp as unreasonably ab surd the recall of the national daylight saving law. Should Congress ever re-enact it, the statute is likely to be merely the recognition f an accomplished fact. THE BRIDGE CAMPAIGNERS f A POLOGI8T8 of various bridge terminals XX nre at least serviceable in keeping nllve public interest In tho important., iuterstato project. So long as the rivalry between the site promoters falls short of tho stage of obstructionary intensity it may be whole aome and stimulating. Tho authoritative decision must come from the Bridge Commission, whose study of the consideraSons involved should be proof F5ni mi rnuip n HMnffoTij uvorvi, girnciftf. PA.V1D . 8M11 against. iwreiy parocniai arguments, now Tr emphatically voiced. Tbtfe are residents In everv section of the Cy bordering on the river who can prove , conclusively to their own satisfaction that their part of town deserves the Pennsylvania , approach to the great structure that is to bind two Commonwealths. But the highest average public benefit is the commission's trap concern in locating the bridge. Added to this problem nnd, Indeed, intimately part nf it, are traffic questions of the most complex and formi dable character. The case is one for settlement strictly by engineers nnd scientific experts, equipped with the results of careful surveys of traffic conditions. The commission will get around to the matter of the .bridge approaches when th enginers have entirely completed their major report on design. Practical rather than sentimental gam is the goal to be pursued. , AMERICAN CABLE RIGHTS IN RELATION to tho general question of submarine telegraph cables hieli has become more Important and more significant since the war-President Harding sustains absolutely the policy outlined and enforced by President Wilson. As a result of this agreement of opinion, the bill devised to give the Chief Executive nbsolute authority to withhold or extend landing pritileges on American will will bo paned nnd signed within a week or ten dnyB. Thus ends a controversy during which Mr. Wilson ordered the naval forces to prevent the Western I'nion Telegraph Company from landing a new line at Miami, Tla. It Imp pens that the Western Tnion's new cable line would have been little more than n short circuit provided to give powerful for eign cable companies an almost oomplcto monopoly in Important areas of South America. The United States, largely because of its observations and experiences during and Immediately prior to the war, has been hold ing out for some sort of international control of cable lines organized to give all notions freedom of communication in times of peace and In times of war. The suggestion has not been cheerfully received In Enrol or in Jnpati. Nations that con control important coble systems poto more than un ndvnntaie In uar They have commercial advantages of an extraor dinary wrt n pi-ace American can remember a time when they were Tlrhiolly shut off from some of the Important ws of Europe ana" when o'K "H"" ,' even their commercial messages to neutrals f were delayed and censored. Xho recent communications conference was called to discuss means to make the cables free and beyond the exclusive control of any Power or group of special Interests. Until some such system of administration Is devised the Government at Washington could not wisely or consistently approve a plan which might create a permanent barrier between the United States nnd peoples whose interests and affairs arc closely bound up with our own. CHIEF JUSTICESHIP IS TOO BIG FOR POLITICS John Adams and A'ndrew Jackson Re warded Their Frlenda by Putting Them on the Bench, but Taft Promoted a Democrat THE Chief Justice of tho United States has come to bo regarded as the most dis tinguished judicial officer in the world. He presides over a court the like of which exists in no other country. It is a co-ordinate branch of the Govern ment and exercises its functions independ ently both of Congress and the President. Its power Is derived directly from the people through tho Constitution. No man appreciated this more fully than Edward Douglass White, whose death has made n vacancy In the office of Chief Jus tice. He was loyal to the best traditions of the court and he conducted himself in such manner during tho eleven years in which he presided over its deliberations as to add to its prestige. The manner of the promotion of Mr. White to the Chief Justiceship showed how far the country had progressed toward a recognition of the fact that politics has no place in tho administration of justice. Mr. White, a Southerner and a Democrat, was appointed from the Senate to tho bench by President Cleveland in 1804. When Chief Justice Fuller died in 1010 William H. Taft was President. Mr. Taft could have selected a distinguished Republican lawyer to succeed Fuller as Cleveland chose tho leader of thp Chicago bar to succeod Chief Justice Walte. But instead of rewarding any of his Re publican legal friends Mr. Taft promoted to the head of the court a Democratic Judge appointed by n Democratic President, and did this because Mr. White was admirably qualified for the post. Mr. White was made Chief Justice by President Taft because he had demonstrated his judicial capacity. It was of no conse quence what his private political views were, because neither he nor any other distin guished Judge of the court had allowed par tisan politics to influence bis interpretation of the law. This is the ono Instance in the history f the court, however, when a President of one party has named a Chief Justice of tho opposite party. John Marshall was made Chief Justice by John Adams only about a month before his term of office expired. The appointment was a reward for services rendered. And on the evening before he turned the White House over to Thomas Jefferson, Adams ap pointed a lot of Circuit Judges. Jefferson was furious. He did not like Marshall and he bad been counting on the use of the Cir cuit Judgeships to strengthen his political power. Plans were made to get rid of Marshall by impeachment proceedings, and, in order to set a precedent to be cited when the opening was made for an attack on Marshall, actions against two Judges were started. One was successful, but the convicted rnan was insane. The other failed. Then n friend of Jefferson proposed to Congress au amendment to tho Constitution which would permit the President to rcmovo the Judges of tbp Supreme Court on the petition of Con gress. The proposition was rejected, for however much politics might influence origi nal appointments to the bench, Congress did not wish to destroy the independence of the Judges by empowering their political oppo nents to remove them at discretion. Not only was Marshall a political ap pointee, but bis successor, Roger B. Taney, was put on the bench by Andrew Jackson as a reward for his asistanco in the fight against the United States Bank. Marshall established tho supremacy of the Constitu tion nnd the authority of the Federal Gov ernment. And Taney by his decisions pre cipitated the war which established beyond further dispute the indlsolublllty of the Union of States. But in spite of the Dred Scott decision, Taney was a gTeat Judge, with a profound respect for the law and a flrie Instinct for justice. Lincoln's appointment of Salmon P. Chase to the head of tho court wag as fine In its way as Taft's promotion of Mr. White. Chase had disagreed with the President and was working against him, but Mr. Lincoln knew his qualities and did not hesitate to make blm Chief Justice. Grant selected a comparatively unknown man when he nominated Morrison R. Walte, a Toledo lawyer, to succeed Chase. Walte had not been heard of outside ot Ohio until he was named as one of tho attorneys for the Government to represent !t In the Ala bama claims cose. But it was not until Roscoe Conkling had refused the Chief Jus ticeship nnd tho Senate had rejected the nomination to the bench of both tho Attorney General and a former Attorney General that Walte was hit upon as a last resort. Waito presided over the court without special dis tinction for fourteen years until his death. President nnrding is not a lawyer, but he is expected to be as jealous of tho prestige of the Supreme Court as were Presidents Taft and Cleveland. He has able lawyers among his advisers who will give him the benefit of their judgment when he comes to consider filling the vacancy. FEDERAL SHRINES OUTSIDE its own District on the. banks of the Potomac, tho Federal Government has not been a conspicuous defender of patriotic shrines. Tts indifference in this regard Is empha sised Just now in the movement originating in the national capital to place Mount Vernon under the direct control of Washing ton. The program, inspired partly by the fact that twenty-five cents admission is charged for the privilege of viewing the estate of the Father of His Country, is beset with vexa tious complications. The Ladies' Association, which unques tionably maintains the grounds and mansion in admirable condition, has'a clear title to its property, which, furthermore, was nc quired nearly three-quarters of n century ago with the express stipulation that, if ever disposed of, the place should revert to the Stnte of Virginia. Curiously enough, the present agitation coincides with another proposal to Interest the Government In a historic site. Repre sentative Willis, of Ohio, has introduced a resolution in the House authorizing the purchase of Jamestown Tsland by the Na tion. There are several excellent reasons why this suggestion Is worth heeding. The place of the first permanent English settlement on the American continent is more Inaccessible todav than in the times of Captain John Smith. Jamestown was on a peninsula in the seventeenth century The James River now surrounds it completely Passenger steamer service on the river Is now so Intermittent and uncertain as to b counted negligible. There la no rftlWav to Jamestown and the one highway from Wil liamsbnrtf Is often partlv flooded. The Gov nrmeai in possession of the place might be s'wnsmSQ PtBLlO tElBttmA.BBLP ablo to promote some transportation reforms. The ancient capital 'of Virginia, the very birthplace, as it were, of tho American Nation, is well worth visiting, not only for its associations, but for its modern monu ments and actual remains of historic struc tures. But at present ono must bo a genuine enthusiast to pny.lils respects to Jamestown. Unless thero are unusual legal barriers In the way, Congress can confer a public benefit by favoring acquisition of a roman tic but now deserted relic of the past. ' ANOTHER POLICE PROBE WARS may come and wars may go and times may change for better or for worse and reformers may beat the drums of victory and tho old bosses may vanish from their thrones, but scanda' and rumors and probes In tho police department will go on, appar ently, forever. The Mayor and his antago nist demanding the usual "sweeping invos. tlgatlon" of the Department of Public Safety will surprise no one who sees even dimly behind the political scenery of tho hour.. The police aren't out of politics. Some, of them haven't sense enough to get out or (o stay out once their chains nre cut. Ward bosses of various factions have been working hard to wrench control of the police depart ment out of the hands of the Mayor, and any one with half nn eye can see that they have not always worked In vain. The Mayor should havo the earnest sup port of all citizens, for if he is being over powered in his fight for a clean police ad ministration the city will have reasons for inflnlto regret. There is a particular reason now why the Department of Public Safety should be cut off from outside political control. The vice of which Mayor Moore talks Is deeply Involved with tho illicit drug traffic. A police official who Is crooked enough to extend aid to gamblers or pandercrs auto matically helps to establish in this com munity a menace that has grown greater with the progress of the rohlbltlon experi ment. Tho drug peddlers are out to make a mint ,of money. They need only the friendship of a few heelers nnd the consequent protec tion of nn unprincipled police officlnl. The new inquiry will be worse than useless If It docs not go behind the accused police men to the politicians whose orders they take. Meanwhile, any ono who knows the lengths to which somo of the factional leaders have been going to frustrate the best efforts of the Mayor and to attain power by shameless co-operation with the most debased "Rort of ponderers can only grieve becauso the day of tar and feathers is no more. TOO LATE? PERHAPS the most significant social phe nomenon of the hour in the United States is the gradual reversal of opinion now gen erally apparent among people who a year or two ago were distressed and shocked at the suggestion of systematic American co operation with the Towers of Europe in the interest of fixed pcaco nnd final disarmament. One bv ono the various churches nre Joining tho nctlvc and aggressive advocates of disormament. A non-political conven tion In Chicago, representative of organized opinion in eighteen States, has just de manded that our Government "take the lead" to end wars. The most surprising demon stration of this rising (.entiment wns In the Senate, which nppcars to have faced nbout huddenly to accept tho Borah resolution for nn American call for a disarmament confer ence of notions. The mpBt premising of all disarmament conferences was organized at Versailles. Tt wns directed by some of the best minds of the world at a time when nlmost all peoples were .in a mood to welcome nur decisions that it would make and follow nny advice it extended to them. Prejudice nnd politics and the inertia of many of those who now want to see the work resumed frustrated the plans of thnt confeience. The cry for n society! nations is now rising on every hnd.' The burden of nr taxes and the growing knowledge of impend ing horrors An fhe form of newly devised agencies oforganized slaughter have com pelled ev,cn timid minds to recognition of the need of constructive thought nnd nctlon In what is coming to be a new world crisis. And the difference between n society of na tions and a league of nations is, of course, a difference of terminology nlono. FIGHTING FLOODS WITH TREES THE famine-stricken area of China Is vir tually treeless. This condition Is largely responsible for tho floods that periodically devastate the region. Americans and Chinese educated in Amer ica have been preaching the gospel of re forestation to such good effect that nurseries have been established In one-fourth of the counties. In one province 0000 acres have been planted with 2,500,000 trees, nnd three nurseries are maintained to supply trees for more thousands of acres. There are 1000 nurseries in the whole country, in which more than 100.000,000 young trees have been raised. The rail roads are encouraging the work of reforesta tion, and one line has an official who de votes his whole time to looking after tho planting of trees. It will be many years before tho effects of reforestation on the regulation of tho flow of water in the rivers is seer. But the Chinese nro patient and wise. When they have once been convinced that they are doing the proper thing they will not become dis couraged because results are slow. When "the wife of Art arid Finance n noted tenor" was asked in n South Norwalk, Conn., court If it uero tnio that she had sworn at the plumber who wns suing her for 2561, the balance on n plumbing contract, she replied: "Of course I swore at him. Anybody would. Tou would." Whereat the Court smiled. But why should anybody swear nt a plumber? He doubtless does the best he can. Think of tho number of times he might have had to go bock to the shop to run up a bill of which $2501 Is the balance! On the other hand, though our sympathies nre with tho plumber, we are Inclined to think up o few excuses for the lady. Realizing the size of the bill, It may bo that she was trying to settle it Kith a few of her husband's high notes. A dispatch from Fishy Coatesvillo sets forth that Brandywlno Creek, where the city sewers empty, Is living up to its name. Its fish bae been acting an though they were drunk nnd "tha sprees have been fafal to thousands of suckers, red fins, minflsh nnd other species." Quite so, quite to ! Somo sucker made homo brew, got too much sun In his red eye and dumped the stuff In the sewer, poor fish. And nnturally the orncity of the finny tribe affected the veracity of the funn tribe. "Drink beer, think A Foxy Bird beer," said one phi- Who's Never Heard losopbor. "Men be- come what they eat." said another. Why not feed some of our statesmen with oysters? Tho question is put without hopefulness. According to fig ures offered at tho convention In this city of the Oyster Growers and Dealers' Association 3,000,000,000 oysters were eaten by the people of the United Stales last jear: but the consequent silence is not noticeable. In a dispatch from Paris It in said nf two members of the French Academy of Science, alleged to have discovered animal life In meteors, thnt thej novo "stumbled on the secret of the possibility of eternal llfp " But, blet8 jou, there neer hns been nn fcucrct about the possibility. It is of the certainty that the world awaits dtmonstra- tiosw . - -if. AS ONE WOMAN SEES IT all . ii , i Y. W. C. A, Tomorrow Will Do Honor to Its First Great National Chair man, Grace Dodge, a Woman Built onta Big Scale Physi cally and Mentally By SARAH D. LOWRIR InAD a note from Mrs. John Grlbbel to day reminding mo that on the .21st ot this month all the Young Women's Christian Associations from tho Pacific to the Atlantic were to commemorate their first great na. tionnl chairman, Grace Dodge. Grace Dodgo was built on a very big scale physically and mentally, yet although along certain lines she was In advance of her con temporary fellow women, in others she be longed to n conservative bodyguard of the past rather than the present. I always felt that she must have suffered as a young girl from her almost monuments! height and general physical bigness nnd the sort of awkward variations from the normal that went with It. She was hearty In her manner without appreciable humor in later years, and I should think ns a girl she must have had the same hearty manner due to kindness and generosity rather than to good spirits bubbling over or to tho kind of gaycty that goes with careless, happy-go-lucky venture, someness. She must have come into her own os a youngish woman whose power to help nnd advise and organize would be recognized by thoso younger than herself and those older as a growing force to be counted upon. It was always said of her that she learned her grasp of business from her father, and that as she grew to middle age many men talked their affairs over with her as though she was another man. It never struck, me, however, in spite ot her rather heavy voice and heavy simplicity of dressing, that she was at all like a manr The sort of homage she required of her world for she did require homnge, or rather exacted It by force of her personality was the kind of deference a woman,, not a man, likes, nnd her conservatisms were all in tensely fcminlno and Victorian. WHEN I first knew her she had organ ized a very great work among young girls in New York City somewhat in the nnturc of guilds or clubs that were partially self-governing nnd chiefly devoted to pro moting sorlubllily nnd good, trustworthy habits of living for girls who were at work In the stores nnd shops nnd factories. This was nt a period when tho grcnt exploitation of young girls in sweatshops was just begin ning and when even in New York the Amer ican clement among tho workers still pre dominated, but when thero was a very apparent hiatus between Christian propa ganda nnd social service work. A group of very efficient girls In this town had started the movement'of guilds for girls nnd had tho temerity to attempt to carry on a very large ono In a parish house of one of the churches hero whero everything was taught from games to Shakcepcaro plays, but without u mention of religion; their Idea being Hint It was no one's busi ness what your religion was, but any one's busine&s to make you havo a good tlmo and help you to hne a good education. It was during this period of their activity that they got up a Conference of Social Service Workers and nsked Miss Dodge over here to speak. She chose ns her topic the danger of teaching the fundamentals of religion, or religion nt nil, In girls' guilds, and T, a very callow young person, was cast to make my maiden speech against her, my thcino being "Religion First In Guilds." SHE spoke very well nnd from an experi ence of years of successful work among girls The next time I saw her, some yenrs later, she was nt the head of the greatest religious club for girls In tho world, and was tho most henrty advocate I have ever met of tho necessity of "religion first" In nny enterprise for the general welfare of girls. I have nlwnys wondered what converted bcr not to religion, for she had always been religious pcisonally but to the ac centing the religious Bide of social service work for girls' clubs as being more an elo ment of fafcty than of dancer, morn a bond than a division. Possibly she never actu ally lost her faith In her earlier methods until tho great prcssuro to havo her accept the presidency of tho newly organized na tional Young Woman's Christian Associa tion turned her attention to the tremendous possibilities that were potential in thnt no terprlse. She nnd Miss Helen Gould (ns sho was then), Mrs. Charles Judson, of Brooklyn, nnd Mrs. William Shaw Stewart, of this city, and one or two others formu lated the nlans for tho amalgamation of the two organizations known as Christian Asso ciations, nnd then she wns left to build up a great organization with thn new and old material at hand. Much of tho old she scrapped; but so wisely and so patiently nnd so courteously thnt I doubt If sho ever mado a pergonal enemy in the process. The new she built on very big foundations. Sho changed thej boarding-homo idea of the nsso elation into a conception of great club hotels. She devised a connecting link be tween the national executive ana the units of tho separate city executives by organizing provincial or divisional section boards that would have oversight and delegated author ity from the natlonnl board to deal with sectionnl problems. She inaugurated rural and greatly amplified industrial centers, and sue uninea tee secretarial work by estab lishing nn educational center for trained workers that would act as expert salaried officers In conjunction with tho volunteer ones. She built and devised the equipment of a great central office headquarters In New York City, and by n carefully trained body of architectural experts unified tho plans of nil the new buildings for Y. W. C. A. pur poses over the whole country, nnd ns for as possible she brought into personal contact with herself all the volunteer officers thnt were to act ns leaders In the centers from New York to San Francisco. XiriTH tho secretariat trained under ber VV direct supervision and the chairmen coming In close contact with her, with the functioning of the great business mnchlne devised nnd set going under her Intent and pondering gnze, the plans for the first great money drives perfected by her suggestions nnd the headquarters staff of experts care fully selected, weeded out nnd ndiusted under her cool, unfliiHtered luspection, the present great organization Is a living me morial of Jier genius for affairs. These foibles they were not faults are woven Into the wnrp and woof of tho great organization that she planned and mado to fuuctlon, which is why thero in a distinct pattern both In the type of trained worker and of the girls thnt come under the influ ence of tbo workers. To thoso who were familiar with her habit of mind therefore in n very real sense the Y. W. C. A. seems to markedly reflect Grnco Dodge. IT IS this that makes certain recurrent phrases, both religious and business, echoes of her habits of speech ; her tre mendous sense of discipline and her over whelming fslth In organization are reflected In her subordinates and in her successors ; her policy of Initial great expenditures to save an aftermath of reconstruction, with n Now Yorker's conception of money rather thnn n local standard, Is more noticeable in the trained workers than in the board members because, perhaps, they are still feeling her trntning nt lean second hand from the New York school. She was some what sentlmentnl. with all her nciunen. and accepted rather than demanded great defer once, which gnve those experts that she had gathered about her somewhat the aspect of favorite pupils I fancy that atmosphere hns changed at headquarters with her denth. What remains to glow mmc uppnrent as her plons unfold arc her great trails- her steodfaalueaa, her generosity, her patience nnd her faith In the all-round canabllttles of the normal xiiu 't. RIDAy, WAtt 20, 1921. --- i inujv J.ti lLW'inrtliv3wttr.vi.t v llHBlfl MMij$lttJ"Mnk KeT mEsmsstsmt ?iifmu'f.'W Pj"ttSSW3W3.U & 'M IV. WL& J JM'JSXSBBiTIIMI : if '"Errc u-gMnuHMjatMqrra.T:nt'yT5iw iri-HwKi! NOW MY IDEA IS THIS Daily Talks With Thinking Philadclphians on Subjects They Know Best DR. EMORY R. JOHN80N On the Railroad Situation THAT railway operating costs, especially tho labor costs, must como down before tho inilroatis of the country return to a nor mal nnd profitable basis is the opinion of Dr. Emory R. Johnson, dean of tbo Whar ton School of tho University of Pennsylvania nnd professor of transportation. Dr. John son wns also a member of the Pennsylvania Public Utilities Commission for seeral years and a member of the United States Gov ernment committee wlilch fixed the rotes for the Panama Canal. "Tho Committee on Commerce of the United States Senate Is at present conduct ing an Inquiry into the inilrond situation." Dr. Johnson bald. "Senator Cummins, the chairman f tho committee, lias stnted that Congress wants to find out what is the matter with the railroads, why it is that In spite of their very large gross revenues they had less than $03,000,000 of net revenues in the year 1020. barely ono-scenteenth of the nmount which Congress, by passing tho Transportation Act of 1020, declared would bo a reasonable return on a fair valuation of the railroad property devoted to public service. Operating Expenses Heavy "Tho outstanding fact in regard to the present situation is that ninety-two or ninety-three cents out of every dollar of gross Tevcnuo is required for operating ex penses and thnt wages equnl nearly 05 per cent of operating Income. In the days be foro the Great War, when the railroads wero only moderately prosperous, only 45 per cent of the operating Income wns re quired for wages. "It is quite clear that operating expenses must bo reduced, nnd it Is equally certain that the ehare which wages include of op erating expenses must bo lessened. This 1h not tho same as saying that Uie only way to reduce operating expenses Is to lower wages. All possible economies must be effected and every possible lncrcaso in efficiency must lie brought about. "Revenues cannot be increased; expenses must bo lowered or the rnllroads in large numbers will go into the hands of receivers. At the present time practlcnlly nil of tho railroads arc in financial straits, the Penn sylvania making tho Inst month a cut in its dividends for the first time In n generation. And from the courts thn railroads will go into the hands of the Government unless private capital can be reasonably certain of n fair return upon investments in railroad securities. "Tho ultimate choice must be between Government ownership and operation, which has nowhere proved efficient, and prhntc ownership wltli a reasonable return upon investments. Hopeful Aspect "The hopeful aspect of the present rail road situation Is that business conditions nro much below normal, 20 or possibly 30 por cent below. As business improves the traffic and the gross revenues of the railroads will rise, and with the Increase of grow in come will be some gain in net returns. It is uot to no expecteu, nowever, that n mere increase In business and gros revenues will restore the mllroads of the couutry to pros perity. "With the incicnse in gross revenues there must bo n reduction in expenses. In fact, the operating ratio relation of operating expenses to operating income must he brought bnck to its old level of 70 per cent. Experience shows that tho rnilronds of the United States need thirty cents out of each dollar to compensato capital nnd to build up the surplus needed to tide over periods of business recession. "For the present, railroad rates ond fnics must remain nt the high level upon which Why Do Wa Do It? DAYLIGHT comes with easy tread While we're slumbering In bed ; Floods the streets nnd lights the skies Wbllc the sleep Is in our eyes. It might just ns well bo night Thus to wnste the morning light. Daylight smiling on her way Willingly with us would piny ; But we work so hard, alas! That we fall to seo her pass. Ua light l n fellow missed For that chap docs not exist. I ho light when our woik is done Smiles from low descending sun Long enough to suy "Good -by l" Tell me, reader, tell me why By convention ruled and cased Daylight Is a stuff wt waste? G.A. 1 WHERE HONOR IS DUE Cwf? V ' i $ they had to bo placed to meet tho condi tions thnt followed the war. Possibly some individual rates which are demonstrated to intcrfcro with tho movement of traffic and the lesumptlon of industrial activity may be adjusted, but ns regards roto schedules in general, present charges will havo to be con tinued until the financial condition of tho railroads has greatly Improved. "The future is not without hope. Tho railroads of the United States have for the most part been well managed in thn post. In no country haa railroad management been more efficient nnd progressive thnn In the United States. Business conditions arc cer tain to Improve, nnd tho ruilroods along with other enterprises will In time surmount their present obstacles. Thero is no occnslon for discouragement. Tho thing to do Is to keep our faith in our railroads and in our eco nomic resources, and go ahead." HUMANISMS By WILLIAM ATIIKRTON DU PITC SENATOR RICHARD P. ERNST, of Kentucky, was commenting upon the necessity for observing tho nmenitics, for assuming a graclousncss if you felt it not, for lending ,our tonguo to the little blonde lie without qunlin of conscience. Particularly was this necessary in mak ing public addresses, he said. Every speaker mentioned the intelligence of his audience, tho greatness of the community of which its members were citizens. Only onco in nil his career, the senator sold, hnd he known a case where an orator spoke with entlro frankness nnd got away with it. It happened in NnBhvillo and the speaker's name was Moore. It wns beforo the days when banquets censed to be joyful occasions and stnle jokes funny. This man Mooro steadied himself by the back of a cbnlr and drove ahead. "I look Into u bca of upturned faces," ho snld, "but In It I do not observe n damned ray of Intelligence. The audience howled. When a man named WiiMbauh wos elected to Congress us a Republican from a district in Texas tho political world marveled. What manner of man could this be who had cut the Gordian knot that bad defied nil contestants for a generation? The only clue to his personality was a decidedly German name. He had been elected despite thnt hnndicap. So I called on Representative Hairy M. Wurzbnch. I found hira a dark, handsome man of forty, crowned by n shock of steel gray hair. Yes. his ancestors were German, had settled in Texas a hundred years ago, but ho looked more like Creole French. His father had fought in the Confederate army. a The man of today who hns been longest in the United States Senate is Francis K. Warren, nf Wyoming. Ho first came tti Washington nnd took IiIh pretcnt seat lu 1800. He hns been hprc constnntb since that time, with the exception of two jears, having nenrly three decades toHils tredlt. At the age of soventy-slx he is still hale and hearty, a huge man of magnificent physique. Little. Wnrrcn Pershing, with tho senn tor ns grandslrc nnd the general for a father, ought to be n strnpping joungster as ho grows up. Senator Charles Curtis, of Knn ..t In the back end of the upper house of Con gress whenever that body Is In session nnd watches the strategic play of legislation and. when ncccsMirj, lollies his fon-es to Hip bottle, of the ballots. Ho is the official whin of tho Republicans of tho Senate nnd ns such must apply taw hide und spur at the pioper time and In tho proper manner It happens, somewhat strangely, thnt the Republican whin spent .several enrs of his youth ns n jot key and developed much of the gencrulshlp of the track ncccssnn in piloting a mount under the wiio ahead of the field. And he admits thut he occasionally rode to a fall. There was the case of Headlight, for instance back In the seventies it Knnsas way. Headlight was ns fast a horse os galloped in his time, hut ho was a renegade whose specialty whs shutting his eyes und running out nt curves and smas li ing Into fences " i ?'T.,n? (.,ur,"' 8nrll,y llltlo port Indian lad hat he won. thought hf could hnmll" Headlight, but that erratic steed flew 0 track nt the half, tumbled through n fence and over an embankment, t itlor nnd nil Senator Curtis the othrrdn ' Tliowl Ho the scars on his hands that ho got In that ' "No Jockey can win every race," ho js. hi .nit l trvrt uiirajiw : it . jr. TTnrwaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaau aacjaaaaaaaaaaaBar r ""Jffiffl. WwlWi'MSrlfflaMK1 aaaae'aa.lflflaaeDaiHtmmHtdro flaMKr vJl SfflOni BIHfW9HRWlaiiBmiSM WKoll 'icPf05rW IBffllWMMBIiiBHaWPHiffiBtffiw . rsa- u Wfffiim FMIftffMr.raiiHWHjiY' K d wr KrisflfSMKiHKlife aaaBT mi Ml Swt&faVPnll?3MliwT8ffBsfflal3uTO t wxattx fa tPr a; .H - r UH' i M rv j S ED 11 'VI What Do tou Know? QUIZ J -How many men havo been Chief Joiua of tho United States? :. Through what countries docs ths equiter pa ss 7 3. What in the weight of the American er dollar? i. Who wns thn first Secretary of State et the United States?, 6. What Is the British railway term tort rreigitt train? (!. Who wns Richard Crashaw? v 7 How Ion does It take thn moon to eoffl. pleto its circuit nrouud the earthT 8. What is a parviB? 9. What Is a serval? 10. What Is voodoo? Answers to Yesterday's Quiz Finnklin K. Lano served as Secretary d tho Interior during' seven earsoft& Wilson Administration. Hlscirr wan ono of distinction In Important lines of publlo service. Us was ton in Canada in 1864 and died in Rachel- tor, aiinn, in 1921 2. A bluo pigeon Is a kind of Australia: cuckoo. New York Stnto has produced tha'Tnat Vlco Presidents olev en. Adam Smith, tho elghteenth-cwtor Scotch philosopher. Is famous for l!i work on political economy, enillW "The Wealth of Nations." The literal meanlnnr of tho business ab breviation f. o. h. In fron nn hnari Tlie Carpathians form a mountain ijt tem In central Europe separating Hffl. gary from Transylvnnla The reflet Is noted for its mineral wealth. ' Dagon was a god of tho ancient FhlltK tines, probably an agricultural deity ' A koodoo is a large, handsome Afrlcu. 8. nnteiope. Tne nanio is from ma tentot "kudu." j 9 Thn last Klnir of Poland as a self-ior-' crnlng country was Stanislaus II (T latowskl), who lelgned from 17(4 1 1785. 10. Montana has tho State motto "0r J I'lata," gold nnd silver. SHORT CUTS Council wncled Into flip nnmmtmlflTt n nort wenrlnc- phi mnnlfii 'a V ZZ Thero Is no longer excuse for confuill ..m uouvuit 1LU It UU11U WUt;uil. It is to be hoped that Bill Haywood hi shipping rope enough to hang Iilmseit. What Millerand told Albert was mtt for Ocrmun ears. Tho Belgian King knew it., Now if the Germans will let their raomj talk tho world will listen with Interest to lu conversation. No more joyous news may Pcnn pd thnn that Hcy-Doy Is a May Day as pro pitious as i'ay JJay. Korfonty comes so near to rhymlnftritk profanity thnt the Allied Council doeial Know tuo difference. Sennte Finance Committee heariofi seem to hnvo developed the fact that Ul Oldjiiard is developing nerves. It is to bo hoped thnt the invcstigatljj. when It comes, will get the dope on til (lopestcrs nuil put viec In n vise. There nro now only fivo prohlbUiol agents on duty in this city, but bootlegim win Hardly know the difference. i Tt. On l-nlnHnt.. f...nl n tnlt. nl-liattJ , with Lloyd tioorce due to fear that the JW ' Premier will put tho comether over hlaiJ It Is up to tho Wcsb Philadelphia ronw.l to see that Jack tho Clipper tlocus w , station house and is put out ot cowan"- A...1 .l,.l.- .!. ! ,.e lha f! n Co A' IIU lilPflllQ IU H'MIIL u wv "- - , , mission thero nro thoso who insist i I!. T. U. means Burns TcrribIyluM0"" Vohu nntnitu fi-nn, ITnvlntnil 10.. 0 man cntching a weasel alive. It "'fllt,!!( been more of a news item if he had cam01 it asleep. There will be no general objection W Senator France making good his. threat w fils o to Russia ; and no general demanu return. It would be at least interesting jnJ necessities of the German reparation l. til rill 111 llrliif. Inn nvl(.ipn nn IllternaW" unit of account. Strango. Isn't it, how spring sels J",'! the blood and causes stnld business nin i" lisp In musical numbeisV Alba II. .wT for Instance, addressing Pcnn tu h.i'-n l.tllllll inn . I-. Men who strive through ci'ilaln '',( To gain an advantage by exorbitant prjwi and the chances aro all that he dldn t t nt was. doing U ' J V Y rft f '11 VVA '-U f
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers