: lm v it .: i! it KM m a hsu 1V S I lliH Kfl tl'VH 1 H If! r .M 10 Eiientns $JubUcUe&giK " PUBLIC LEDGER COMPANY CrnUS II. K. CU1VTI8, rnzilDBNT John C. Jr.irtln lc l'rciiilcm nd Treiturtr. Chr!f A. Tylar, Secretary, Charles tt LjeJInf ton, Philip 8. t'nlllns John h. William, John J (fimeon Oeona r. ClolcJimltri. David K. Smiley, tlretnr r.DITOMAI. nOAUD Ptscii II K Ucnm. Chairman DAVID H PMII.Rr Editor JQH.v c irvnriN. General nitatnoas'Manirer I'ulillihH dully nt I'cblio Lnxirn Bulldlnt Independences Suuare. t'lillaeljlpreta Atumtio C'lTT . 'rc-liiton llulldlng Nr York . , 31H JtUilleon Am' DitTBOir Tot Tord Hull tire fir. LociB . tils Wobt-Democrnt tlullainc Cntcico . . 1302 rrttnieid nulMIre sews nunnAV." TVUMI.NOtON UlT.r.Al N 1. Car rennlitiila Aie. nd litii St JtElT Yoilli llu.nit. . . .Th Sun Ilulldlnr London Ucmctc Trafalgar HuiUlni SI IISCUIPTION TUIIMH Tho Hib.mvo I'celic Lrmisn Is riM (o ui aerlbers In I hHenlrl.'liW nmt eurround'nir towns at tho rat? of twclie etui cents per week p.c abW to the currier. By mtl 11 I'olnts outalde cf rhtladelrh In th Cnlt-d am, 9 ceineidn. or tnltfd l"tal r-os-eiatlona, ioui;e free, fifty ISO) tents rer month, Six (10) dollars per yseir, paaMe In advance. To all for-lan countries on (Sl dollar a 'ninth NOTtcr. PuAtcruWi wlihtnt: nddrm chinged mutt rive old ns welt as new adJrrej. BELL. JOM VTU.MT lsXYSTONL. MIN 3009 FT" Addroi ail cvfu mute (cat ion-, to Fvtnintt P'ib'io Jjcdofr tltffV i tir' rf Sfjunrt rSltacMplieel Member of the Associated Press THE ASSOCIATED PRESS if cdum !.' iHUA to th 'if tor repubftco'io 1 of ti't c 4pafcAe crtdttcd to it nr uof nfhcniiir cirtn"1 in tMi paper, oiid olio (fve loral ihj rubnird tsrrln. 11 rHoif repuMtratlon 0 jpefial diavatche) ntrtln ore tlUo runfrvfd. rhlltdflphli, Mord', April It, l:i TOO MUCH BRIDGE MONEY! TX8l'FFK'ir.NT funds:" i -,. conpn- X tionnl i cr In connection wtli nmbi tious publio unilerliiklnBi thnt fm ts ulilcb fall to justify It may produce sonictliiiiR like consternntton. VltniMs the predirnmriu of the Iielnunre Bridge t'mnmi'ion. The cnKinci rs of tins body linve been engaged for nenrly i mmitbH in import.iin prelimlnnrj uork upon the project The test boring will bo completed In a fev tttn" HccohIh of chiculnr trattic onLJie Cnrndeti nnd rtiiludelpttin river fronts re in hnnd 'Ihn color of tlic Mtuatiou is tbnt of slriuly progrep The slate of New ,Tercy. liover hR. long since contracted nn almost incurable habit of hurtling. Her judicial proceedings attest this fact, and it Is emphasized again In the nxailnbillty of hnlf n million tlollnm for bridge work of u fur more advanced character than any thus far revealed. The money at the iomniKion'M disposnl Tvas npprorriated for actual construction charges, lnnd purchae and similar purposes Unless its utc is definitely "earmarked" the fund will return to the tate on July 1. The obligation of quick thinking on the part of the commission is obvious. Grant ing that the situation of too much money for immediate needs is astounding, the bridge authorities ought to be able to grapple with It when the first shock of novolty lias passed. It would be a waste of vtlmulating opnor tunitics to permit the money to return to Its source, nnd tho depressio effect on the New Jersey legislature, would be marked. JTbe money was voted to produce speedy tangible remits. At the risk of working overtime, the commit. ...u Minn Id do us ut most to appease and gratifv its lively state partner "CERTAIN MEN" POLICIES of government ami ndmmis tratiou even in a municipality cannot b" properly nescssed for defects or value until you sit donn calmly to consider how they would operate in their full and hnal devo'op ment without opposition of any sort Let us, therefore, try to imagine the po litical millennium in Philadelphia as u is conceived hv men of the tvpc represented by the Certain Men who. according to tbc Mayor are still warring on the administra tion If present signs and tendencies among the heelers mean anvtbing. 11 program for a greater Philadelphia fotmulated in l!)-o would read like this. A Greater Tenderloin An attractive! arranged iwaine booth near every pub'le school Itoulette poker nnd dii e pavilions main tained b the -itv in the public playgrounds. A director of graft in the Maior's cabinet. Each ard a principality with a dict.itor to give orders to the police, punish the in nocent and reward the guilty Vice lgnit?ed. protected and encouraged In all neighborhoods. M. VIVIANI'S ACCOMPLISHMENT SO FAK Hi external evidences are .on cerned, it mav be said thar Itene Vivinni. who fcai's for home 'Ins week n complished nothing on his American mission I'resid'tit Harding spoke with emphatic harshness of the pre.ent League of Na tions and Senator Knox introduced his sop. arate pence resolution 'ongre.u has shown a disinclination 'o gne pre. ernn. e to the problem "f our Lurnpean telatinns and has busied itself with the tariff and the long standing Colombian treat dtlunma Nevertheless, the French envoi should have a good deal of significant information to impart t- the Quni d'Orsay. M. Viunni is n Bhreud observer, and he cannot have 'ailed 'o ponce that the bu'k of Amor 1 an sentiment turne'l against an l-olation policy, thai the German a'tempti to uriggle out of trentv obligation! ,nve mm compara tively little svmpathi liere nnd that the na tion as a whole en'ertams hopes of reQi h ng rt tettlennnr v. in, Kurope iht mil ic.nfurtn '0 c ertuui tuisif pr.n'iples of ,i istii e n nlmut prejudici to pi'iiding Auieiii an ''aims Ilest of nil le n.ust liHie ieen ilia' the Plt of ite , . n.tri renmlne one of fniid snip for "i r t"i mer allies First-hand n O'jaintan' e i 1 1 ' 1 rhee facts m unrtn more tiinn a w hole ,irine' packed w,t iliplntnatx notes, Inm hi er fintik AI lvinni le'uMis w th psr, l-.olo-.-ir al rtirmointer n ',r', n;f.,de Itsruolings mur iricvitji. i ) iiistrui tin nnd helptul to Kurope ii In n plans no in oulmii Ixgni to take dtflmte form A GREAT DEMOCRAT WUV.S t(Xl i.ars ugo ie,terdai. Mm tin l.utmr mode in. uec laratioii in .supnort o' the dun of n mini 10 obei his own ion siienif m n'aie impetus 10 a movement 11 lin h hanged tin 1 nurse of events in Gcjninni 1, most irninediat" li unit ultimate1! uffe. teil 1 large pur' of the western world Tills Girniaii peasant's: son is generallv admitted to li.ne been one of the gieatest ineu of 'us leratioti cl be was a i (im pound of ices nnd virtjes. as a'l men are Ho did nothing modirnteli and it migli' lie mid tiiat h' was nn exponent if the tnim- US life reiitui ies before the man with 'i mm that thing i no" ala i usually absociateii Jne would ii'if he far wrong if one (a'Vd I.tltber the ltooseielt of the sixteeutli (en .iiry. He I olted froni the church of his "arly mini km1 as Itoosevi It bolted fiotn ins mrtj Hut uiilike Hoo'evelt. he canieil dis oiintrv with hi in a I'd did not return in the "old as Ilooseveit did No man 'an undei -r.tand the uistori of llutope for the last four enturies without knowing something of the movement which Luther started when he asserted before the liet of Worms bis right o Ule his own judgment German.! was i-ipe for the dm trine of io Itlcal deninerfti j when Luther Insisted on ho Importance of religion, doniocriii y And IiUtbcr aligned liunsilf with the political n isfll as witli 1 in- icigmus ( 'no nits II' 'nsisted on populat ilu mum 1 m inm vlini ,,' tin u-'ii mi " h. -I n 111 I, 1 I any right but to work and to fight the bat tles of hlB overlord. He said! "If the gov ernment can compel such citizens as arc fit for military sertlce to bear spear and rifle to mount ininpart" and perform other mar tint duties in time of war. how much more has it a right to compel the people to send their children to school." This wns rcrolu tlonnty doctrine when it was uttered, but It is the comtiionplaie of educational discussion today. No one disputes Its soundness, and the necessity of educntlon to qunllfy men nnd women for their political duties W universally admitted 0 much lias been said of Luther's revolt from Home that the social 11101 ements for which he laid the foundation have not re celled the attention they deserve. If the Germans of the present can concentrate their attention on the grent work which Luther did for their ancestors, and rnn imbibe some of the spirit of democracy which inspired him. the will adjust themselves more readlli to the tasks that now await them. He was one of the first grent democrats on the continent of L'uropc. As such be can be honored by men of all creeds. DEVELIN BAITED THE HOOK; THE VAREITES ROSE TO IT The Bill Providing for Proper Protection of the City's Transit Interests Can No Longer Be Smothered COl'M'ILMAN UEVCL1VS ingenious prodding of the leglslatlie committee has had the desired result. 'I he bill introduced In the Senate by Sen ator Gray on March 1, extending the juris diction of the director of city transit over all transit facilities, has been lying In the municipal niTalrs committee of the Senate, of which Senator Varc is chairman. Mr. Peielin ofTered n resolution in the f'oun'il asking the legislative committee for Information about the progress of the meas ure His purpose was to call attention to he existence of the bill and to the Inaction of Senator Varc. I li opponents rose with the eagerness of hungr fish in the Absecon inlet und swal lowed bnit. hook nnd sinker. Tbey denounced Mr. 1'cvclin nnd talked about the lack of Justification for interfering with the a'ttons of the legislative ommtttee. and gave the councilman from the Fourtli district an opportunity to charge Senator Varc with hostility to the transit bill und with a determination to smother it in com mittee. The whole thing lifted the issue out of obscurity nnd directed public attention to it. And now Senntor Vnro snya that the bill will b" reported out of committee today or tomorrow. The honors arc with Council man Ucvelin The bill i an nmendmrnt to the charter. At present the Department of City Transit has jurisdiction over only such transit lines as are owned by the people. It was created to .superintend the building of subways nnd elevated lines to supplement the Hues op erated by the P. It T It is now considered expedient to have a department of the city government express commissioned to look after the public interests in all trnnsit matters Those interests ate divided into four groups in the bill. The first relates to the conditions of service by the operating com panies. The direetc- is authorized to gather information relating to service nnd operat ing (.onditions and to compile nnd keep on tile the information which he secures, and o make such recommendations concerning impioicmcnt of facilities as 3ccm to him proper. Then, upon the request of the Mnvor or the City Council, he is to Investigate and repot t concerning proposed ordinances and all other matters involving transit facilities. And when the Mayor or Cltv Council direct he is to appear ns the representative of the city in proceedings before any com mission, committee, board or officer and defend its intciests And finally, when the Mayor or the City Council gives him instructions, he is to tile complaints nnd to initiate or join in pro ceedings in behalf of the city before any commission baring regulatory jurisdiction over trnnsit service anil facilities It is impossible to raise n vnlid objection ngainst this enlargement of the functions of the director of city trnnsit It concentrates In one department jurisdiction pier the whole transportation problem. If the problem is to be solved intelligently nnd without wnste. something of the kind must be done, whether the P. K. T. withes it to be done or not. The principle on which it is based is already recognized in the law creating the Public Service Commission. That body can come to Philadelphia nnd tell the P. It T. how to route its cars. It can tix the rate of fare and can approve or disapprove any contra(ts with other companies made by the P K. T. The bill does not interfere with tin Dtate commission in nny Tespeet. It merely empowers ihe head of the Depart ment of City Transit to represent the city and to defend the interests of the people in all transit matters. Those who do not with the city to be represented by an expert in rapid tiansit. familiar with all the problems involved, will oppose the bill. Those who think that it Is as iraportnnt thnt the interests of the people be protected as that the interests of tbc nrporations bo looked after will favor the bill Senator Vnro lins objected to the measure on the grounds tnnt Dirntoi Twining "is not n ti' man to handle rranspoitatlon." unci that "Thomas E Mitten, president of the P It T Comrany. Knows more in tile minutes about transit npeiatinn than the Transit Department nnd the Council would know in a year. Hut the bill is not drawn to enlarge the powets of Mr. Twining, as an individual It is intended to enlarge the powtrs of the uty to look after its own interests through the agency of whnteier man mav be at the head of the Depnitment of Citv Transit Department head come nnd g". bur the proper regulation of the street railroad com panies remnius us a permanent problem, reappearing from time 10 time m one fonn or another Mr Mitten W an expeit in street milrond operation Thnt is ndmitted wherever he is know Hut Mr Mitten is the paid ngent of the P It T It Is Ins business to look out for the interests of bis employers, and he has been doing It to the best of his nbili t.es for some ,iears. To sai that In knows rnoic in live minutes about transit operation man the Council or the Transit Department would know- in 11 ienr is to formulate nn irrefutable argument in fnvor of increasing the powers of the Transit Department and leaving 11' its lii-iid n man capable to woik a sU' c efuily in the inti rest of the street -car riders as Mr. Mitun is working in the interest of the shareholders foi whom he t tiring to euru dnidends The case for the bill IS so sti.in; (hilt it is difficult to see how an one loyal to the interests of the city can oppose n CITY AUTO FAVORS CHECKED alHK lien Inn 1 an of uutoniobib - until. n . ic-d hi Council murks 11 welcome step forward in municipal ' tin icney The sC'li-siiup factors which entered into t lie system of operating e ity -owned machines in mi ions departments had attained under niteusiie cultivation the ptopoi timis of a glaring nliii"' Kipmr and gasoline IhIm iiii liijli 'in e ilicii ! 1 1 e 1111111 i hi othcin '!l., inl'd t" duiw an! line lines of il tl n In I II 1 ep til " of l.l'ito ir. fi EVENING PUBLIC LEDGEBr-lHlLA'DELiPHlA, MONDAY, APBIL IS, off hours ns an nttractlve pergonal per quisite. Tudor the new ordinance tho Mayor will be empowered to ronccntrale the manage ment of all city -owned mntorcnttt under n responsible hend in charge of n specially organized bureau Its functioning will not haic to lie perfect to represent nn Immense Improvement over old, extravagant, slip shod and unjustifiable methods. MEXICO AND MR. FALL AS SKNATOU from New Mexico nnd ns secretary of the interior in President Harding's cabinet, Mr. Fall hns. been a frank advocate of whnt, for t lie snke of decency, has been called n "firm" policy toward Mexico. That ehnracterirallon Is not 11 new thing in diplomacy. The temper nnd purpose which it suggests are not new. The Germans were "tlrin" in 1871. They were "llrin" again In 10M. The Hritlsh lime been "firm" in India. All pre-war diplomat! was "firm." nnd certainly the world has reason to feel that It left some thing to be desired. Used by statesmen of 11 familiar type, this simple and ngreenbly sounding word means meddling nnd jostling and a piovocative manner of strong nations toward weaker ones nnd, in the end, war. Mr Fnll. in the astonishing outburst which sounded like n declaration of war be tween the Department of the Interior nnd the Department of State, because of tho desire of the President to deal patiently and fairly with Mexico, is thinking of oil. Oil is something nbout which any government may be reasonably concerned. There arc, how ever, many more Important things. For tho moment, however. It mny be worth while to view the question of Mexico in the light of pure materialism. Doing that, it is neces sary merely to inquire whether wc nre likely to gain most In Me.xicnn oil fields by wnr or by a policy of conciliation, compromise nnd pence. If the conflagration of Europe nnd all the perils and complexities that have followed it prove an thing, they prove, thnt any tiling taken from one nation by another under pressure of war will inevitably proie to be a llablllt rather than un asset. Mr. Fnll. not without courage, implies that American interests can be protected ngninsl foreign Intrigue in Mexico only by force used against whomi Not ngainst the for eign investors, not ngainst the corrupt offi cials nt Mexico City, but ugnlnst the Mexi cans, who have nothing nt nil to do with the controversy It is plnin thnt Mr. Hard ing and Mr. Hughes urc no more rendy than Mr. Wilson was to adopt that method or even to believe that it could have n desirable practical result. If wc are to assume that Mr. Full has fairly presented the case in his letter to Mr. Lodge, then it appears that wc can obtain just treatment for American in icstors in Mexico nnd equal rights with foi eigners m the Mexican oil fields only by coercing the Obregon Government or "po licing" that is. Invading the country. Hut there is oil almost everywhere in Central nnd South America. There is no certain proof that we will not fare well in Mexico after a period of discussion and the fair and peaceable adjustment of opposing inter ests For an immediate ndvantage in n limited area we should therefore loe in nil the length and breadth of Latin America the innficlence of peoples and governments which is far more dependable n factor even in in dustrial development than any that can be created by wnr. Washington seems to believe that national aggression, no matter what temporary vic tories it may achieve, Is a losing game in the end Mr Hughes is neither an expan sionist nor 11 jingo at heart. He knows that Obregon. trying to establish order und n decent government in Mexico, and harassed by oorruptlonist.s and trultors, would be further embarrassed and weakened by threats fiom the government of the United Stntr.s. A policy of foicc in Washington would be a policy thnt would give im measurable and immediate aid to tbc revo lutionists and the bandits Men whose minds run along with Mr. Fall'h nre fond of-niing that American lives arc being sacrificed in Mexico and thnt American property is not safe there. Let us assume that this is true, nnd let us forget for the time being thnt men who enter the wilderness nlwn.is have been nccutomed to take some chances. Let us ask whether n war or an invasion ever was bloodless ; whether the lives sacrificed In "policing" an unrul country would be American or whether we should regard the men of the army as foreigners'; What of the cost of such nn udventure'.' Would Americans pay it or would it come out of the nlr? Secretary Fall's outburst was not un expected. Heading it, nil sensible nnd really patriotic Americans will bo glad that a strong and great -spirited mnn, able to think for all the country rather than for n smull and exclusive part of it, is running and will continue to inn the Department of State. VIEW COLLEGE SPORTS SANELY A MLKICAN colleges liaie been attacked on many scores It has remuined for James H Angell, the new president of Yale, to charge them with preserving a repressive attitude toward athletics. The criticism, be it noted, was not made humorouslv Dr. Angell was honestly en deavoring to nnal.ize the needs of our uni lersitirs. It would haie been easy to repent the old cant nbo.it the disproportion of scholastic to athlitie ideals among tho student bodies, but that is precisely the kind of talk nhnh cieates c'.rniages of stnndards in the higher oduoationul institutions nnd results m the 1 eduction of ethlcnl principles in their ath letic associations Faculty opposition to sports almost in variably exerts a damaging Influence upon the undergraduates, who are inclined to nmbnl this ieiv to the utmost. The con seciicnce is sometimes n rather militant sup port of scini-profefislnnnlism. Sympathy and co-operation, a ilenr gen eral policy to which the whole iiniierciti students, trustees and faculty . could sub scribe are what is neccsaiy to attain the right blend of phvsicnl and intellec t ml progress. Dr. Angell's. thinking on the sub ject is constructive nnd refreshingly mid of sensational snap judgment. 'Ihe soiintors acted wisely )D abstaining fmm criticizing Colonel Harvey's appoint ment to the embassy In London. There nre times when It is quite need'ess to reiterate the obi imp- In clenvlng thnt wom'n writers .ire tunny. Mis. Agnes Hepplier it may he (,h scried tactfully omitted 1 nusjdcrntinn of t.tic onsi Ions humor. ow that there are no more app e ,,r pencil bln--om 10 smite, it 's foolish to 01 peel am nppoatnnco of the latest western Ii1inrd in tin se parts. The Iircni7i l'mnklln now being iotc, niiiii'Mii Ally through the country seems t0 haw been leiidoirtl about every honor ex. I epl a dinner. i what 11 Fall is t hot r mi iciun try men:' is the way the up to-the minute Slial.epeare puts it It is of Ironic icccircl that nothing slows up the tempo of Congress quite so much as eniergenei " legislation. Nntiirall! enough, the giowmg mmi mem for 11 new world conclave Is governed I I v the 1 it 'i 1 ipe'lltlle ccnr'cj 'ois ' '.- bridegroom, in 'f AS ONE WOMAN SEES IT Some Reflections on Courtroom Man ners and the Amenities, or Their Absence, Under the Modern Jury System Ity SARAH 1). LOWIUK TSAT next to a quiet, mild-spoken, youngish woman the other afternoon at n studio tcu, and between snatches of lively conversation from our artist hostesses who continually disappeared into tho gloom of an attic nnd renppenrcd bearing a few pieces of toast she talked to me nbout her ex periences ns 11 jurywomnn. She had accomplished only three days of the three weeks for which she was drawn I think "drawn" is the technical term but she felt unite initiated enough to have opin ions; thnt is, to gonrrullze a little. Her three most explicit generalizations were that every case tried so far had had n perjurer as one of the witnesses ; that the lawyers show very keen psychology In their choice of jurors; that out of every gathering of n hundred or so citizens drawn to net on juries there were enough of every type of mind materially to affect the decision of h case; I. e., enough intelligent progressive persons or conservative timid persons or stupid prejudiced persons or cunning resent ful persons or careless hnflhaznrd persons to foi m a sympathetic scries of biased groups. TN OHSKItVING the trials during the I three days she hail been In court she had begun to comprehend why certain per sons were discarded by the lawyers for the defense, or chosen, and why the oppos ing lawyer made n sort of deal by agreeing to certain others ns suiting his purposes. Her experiences in the courtroom, after hearing tho line of defense or nccusntlon adopted to fit the jury's mentality, was fur ther amplified by the reaction of the jury nfter it wns shut up to discuss the verdict. She felt that hi most enscs the lawyers had shown considerable acumen In sizing up the jury It struck 1110 thnt she even felt thnt for certain cases, whether the jury found for or ngainst the plaintiff, the oppos ing lawyers- could In a sense unite on a cer tain type of jury that would bo sympathetic with the general subject. Her less pronounced reactions to the ex perience were that the lawyers wcro rather rough with the witnesses nnd that there wns considerable bullying nnd some real intimi dation. Thnt is. certain timid, vacillating brains were frightened into Htntes of ac quiescence by the tone of voice nnd the surly manner of tho questioner. It struck her that once the judge bnsed his rulings on experience not quite under standable by those present : as, for Instance, when the testimony of two policemen was astonishingly nt vnriauce to that of h wit ness for the other side in n suit against the city for Injury stistnincd becnusc of nn ob struction on tho sidewalk. The witness for the Injured one averred the pipe had pro truded half n foot above the pavement at the lime of the accident; the police testified that it wns level with the; pavement then and forced upward by the frost later. The judge gravely opined thnt such honor able employes of the city ns the police could not be regarded by the jury ns biased in their testimony by tbc fact that they were employes. A tribute to the police that found no echo, apparently, in the jurymen's hearts, to judge by their sighs and groans. SHK wns surprised that when they wcie once locked into the room for their deci sion they did not fall at once to deciding. Instead, they sat about on tiny chairs handy, avoiding the table nnd Its chairs, nnd con versed in low tones on a variety of subjects. Every now unci then tho foreman would ask uncertainly or dutifully or Impatiently it depended on his temperament what they wanted to do about it, mid for a time the talk on the case would brisk up and become nlmost general, only to drop back into group talk of this nnd that. When the vote was taken und retaken It seemed to be not so much 11 common agreement ns 11 common willingness not to disagree. Some of the jurors ncier voiced an opinion, but sat like islecpy birds until their vote was demanded. They then asked whnt tho count was und apparently went nutomotleally with tho miijoiily . Uiin mnn announced he always voted for the workingman and wns quite docile while those about him weighed tho pros and cons as to which of the opposing parties merited that description. THE room in which the jury was confined contained a water-cooler to which was chained an agate cup, which did duty for nil the brave males but for neither of the two fair ones, who went thirsty from fear of the consequences. Of course, nfter the first ex perience they brought their own paper cups. On ono of the days, as they wcro being marched two by two under guard to be shut up. one of the Jurymen recollected that he had left his hat behind him In tho court room, and left the line of march to retrieve it When the police officer arrived at the door nnd herded in his jury and discovered the twelfth one missing lie was seen to turn quite green. He locked the door on the elcen nnd went forth to find the lost one, who proved lost indeed, ns, having found his lint, he left the courtiooni by nnother door nnd wandered nbout quite without a clue as to where to go net. The policeman had not the faintest idea of whur. he looked like nnd did not wnnt to be tray the fact that he had lost him. So he iir.d rather 11 bad time of It and was in no humor to tecelve the laughter of the eleven when he finally rounded up the wanderer and shoved him Into the jury room. I GATHERED that the court officials who herd the jury to and fro, and who nre generally In uvldrnce. arc not particularly suave. Something of the atmosphere of the prison hangs about the courf for all except the lawyers and the judge. Neither the wit tieshes nor the jury seem to be treated as honored guests. Yet the pay 5.'l a day an scarcely be sufficient to obscure the fact that both jury and witnesses nre there fulfilling u patriotic duty, and none the less a duty nor less patriotic becnusc they are compelled by law to appear. IT WAS stru.l hv tho sort of asperity of tho court otliciais once when I was tirci- ent simply ns n spectator. It was many .leur.s ago, (luring a strike In some sweat shop factories now fortunately nonexistent so far as sweating goes and some of the girls on strike bad been arrested ns pickets interfering with the new hands by what the owners called intimidation nnd whnt the girls (ailed argument. I had been asked, with some twenty other women, to go to the court to show the judges nnd the jury thut the more conservative element of tho towu had 11 sincere interest In seeing justice; done. I snt with the sympathizers of tho girls- Russian .lews mostly and viewed tho pro ceeding Willi great interest, heightened some what by the lad that I had sat next one of the judges nt dinner the night before nnd had found him iery slow "in the uptake" on ordinary subjects, while of the other two on ttio bench, one passed the collection plate to me each Sunelni nnd the other was a sort of a standby beau of an elderly set In fact. I had no iciv reicient opinion of any of the three. When they iose to go to Inm h I rose also from tho herd of Russian gills, whereat nn officer pounded me on the hat with the flat of his hand 11 nil hissed tie reel y : "Stop where 1011 Hie until the judges lime; left the court '. What do you mean by stand ing upV" I saw the other spectators of my kind who had secured front scats move out with the judges, and I renllzed thut my "call-clown" bud come bemuse I was taken for one of the "Roosians," I have seldom felt so ungry or so helpless. And wondered if there is not something in the complaint of foiclKiiers about American discourtesy. Nathan Hale Up to Date I'rnm til" e Turk It m d There should be a monument to the Huffnlo patriot who has sent Ills shirt to the state iiiiciuie-lnx linrenu. explaining Hint it was nil he had left. The subject is heroic Unilln is Jead. but Iliirnnril might put in 1 in neii 1 mint of ngony and grief. I "nlv regret " tin lew mlsht nv "that ' 1,11 .. 1 , I1 i.u uu i fwttn'x14 T'KW'Wi V "Vers Ii NOW MY IDEA IS THIS Daily Talks With Thinhin Philadclphians on Subjects They Know Best HENRY G. DEININGER On School Discipline Today THE day of the rod and the tnsk and the other more or less militaristic forms of discipline In the schoolroom lias passed for ever, in the opinion of Henry (J. Delninger, principal of the Northwest School. "Little Johnny is no longer required to stay after school and write 'I have been n bad boy' a hundred or more times or to read fifty verses of poetry or do columns of fig ure's by way of reflecting on the enormity of his sins," said Mr. Delninger. "To begin with, we want Johnny or any other boy or girl to like all these things, we want him to learn nnd to think and to grow up to be a useful citizen. So for thnt reason the schoolroom czar with the punitive form of discipline, who earns the child's contempt and increases his talent for caricature at the expense of other substantial fundamen tals, is no longer to be found in modern nnd up-to-date schools. "Hut by virtue of the fact thnt discipline must bu of a more constructive kind today, and must be more subtly nnd tactfully ad ministered if the best results nre to be ob tained, It is a more difficult problem. It mentis that the teacher must be u skilled ad ministrator ns well as u good pedagogue. Tyranny Is I'nssing "One by one the marks of teacher tyrnunv have been remoied. The thick ruler. I lie railing around the teacher's desk, her ele vated position on u dais somewhat nbove tin class, suggestive of autocratic , power ami tyrannicni, unsympathetic; supervision, liaie nil been eliminated. Not only is (lie teacher on n level with her pupils, but in many classrooms she does not eicn face them Her desk in these cases is nt the back of the room. "Today intercit and co-operation ate the guiding thoughts back of school discipline. The clement of public opinion, the esteem of his fellows is the check-rein thut keeps the offender within bounds. They are his judges and his jury : the teacher the in visible force, the guiding hand of steel in the velvet glove that controls tho situation. "As nenrly ns is possible today the pupil is living in the school the life which as a citiren he may have when he goes out, into the world. Starting with the kindergmleji nnd continuing until 1 tic senior classes in the high school, an effort is made to build up an element of personal responsibility in the in dividual nnd u feeling of co-operation and community Inteicst in the classes. Authority Not Pressed ' As a result many of the reasons which impelled the prankish or unrul youngster of the past to block both his own nnd the progress of others by iiiibecoinlug conduct have been eliminated There is 110 consti tuted nuthoilty in the obi sense of the word. "Through the enjes idea, carried out In all the classes, a spirit of democracy has been fostered that has grown up into a potent fence When a pupil offends today be Is not oflending the teacher personally; he has sinned against all bis fellows, against the community and institution in which lie is spending much of his time and aioutnl which much of his young life is wrapped. To be osttacied or excluded from those with whom he comes in daily contact nets ns a far more powerful deterrent thnu any punish ment which the teacher in the old days could hnvc devised To break the rutin which his fellows liaie made and approved and which they undeistancl and respect no longer makes him a biro or a martyr The collective force of class disappioiiil is the one that hits him the hardest. "To accomplish this, to build tin charac ter, enhance progress and enlist and keep the interest nnd lo-oprratimi of the pupils generally in getting the best results is 11 task that tests the capncitr of the tcai liep. "Sympathy, understanding and tint 11 n- three fundamental requirements of tl f- fcciive disciplinarian of today. Theie is a very definite relation between htultli and bi havior, not to mention home conditions unci environment anil mativ other human fnciots, Healthy llndy Ksscntlnl "For instance, the child who is foiced to oiuo to school without bieakfnst is mote liable to run into the 101'kh of ills, ipiim. than one who bus eaten a satisfactory morning incnl. Iniestigation is made of this factor, and where noted the child Is given a nulrl tho breakfast in the school lunchroom llstmngciiicnt between pinentr. or other fainil trouble olteti louds the ,i or girl to do iliiieasoiiahlt or outlandish things. , ioiiiaintiely tliointigh suivey of ihe famlh conditions of most pupilb is ihcrcfoie a pm't of the school work, ' 'I In .dii tun hoot innl II dii I , . 1 , pii ' , Xif 1021 y'tr,?!!'' CAN'T SEEM TO MAKE AN IMPR rounded by a cheering crowd. Is not per mitted today. 1 do nut ngrec with the Chi cago educator who holds tbnt nffnirs of honor' should be settled in the school yard and who offered to suppl boxing glmes lor the purpose. The cause in most cases is n trifling one. Children arc not generally us well balanced ns grown-ups nnd belligerency is a natural recourse in moments of dispute I find that most of them disappear when the teacher or principal arbitrates them or when the two boys nre made to sit together for a period of time. "It is always well to remember that the child, just like yourself, is intensely human for the most part. Most of the reasons that impel him to transgress the bounds of reason or regard for his fellows are human ones, und simply icciulro human trentment. Self discipline! mid .student discipline, ns I liino said, nic two of the most effcdiie. They reach a child through tlm force of reason and intangible regard which lie has both for his own respect und the respect of thosu with whom be comes in dully contact. Some Discipline Needed "Of course, it is not to be supposed that the preservation of necessary discipline m the schoolroom is a sinecure. While leeway is given to allow for the human clement, to give the boy or girl u clinnce to let off steam and get rid of thnt superfluous energy thnt might. If kept bottled up, work ugnlnst the best Interests of the school nnd the pupils as n whole, there are tome 'hard nuts to crack. "The iiuoiiiglblc boy and gul, the liar, the constitutional rebel against all law ninl order, leiunins. as he bus always been, a difiicult problem. Sometimes lie can be converted into u good pupil und a potentiil good citien by isolating him ftom tho rest of his fellows, by making him feel the force of ostracism. Sometimes the only place for him is in u discipline school, as he is fie quently n subnormal pupil. "Utie provision that is an urgent need in the school system is n paienl school There is in the system a group of children- a smull pcicrntngo of the whole, it is true, but still sulliclently large to need attention who either have no ptircnts or whose parents nie not functioning ns such. Such u school would provide as far as iiinsihle for this do. flciency. The pupil would like there und get. us far ns scientific methods could pro liele it, thut home-training atmosphere nnil influence that he has been denied. "When nil Is snid unci done, tip. moi efiectiie disciplinary force in the school sys 1 1111 today is that intangible atmosphere of democrnc nnd good citizenship which the iidininistrutnis Imie labored to build up. which makes the pupil feel that he is of ami not merely in the si hog, n lactor und not u subject." What Do You Know? QUIZ I Who was c'li'vf .lust, 10 White' -1 tinme. cliatn ptodcccHMir in tin Supreme e'ouit of the Cull, d Mates ' .' Who was "Sunset Cos' ' " When did Constantino tlm (iic.it ,. I. Whero and v lint Is the Alliuinbra? Ii Who was Herungcr ' r. What Is faience 7 Name an liiientiou 111 medicine for wlucli , ,..."enJan,,"1 Fiiinlclln was responsible. k bo was Heinoull: 'i Of what country is Delhi the capital' I 'i How cloea tabasco sauce get Its 11111110: Answers to Saturday's Quiz 1 Sadl Carnot was elected picsideiu of I'l-unco in 1SS7 He wh astusnltiated ts9ia" ,,u11"" ""'"'hist In Lyons in J fahatet orlK'nalli ie.,ns ,, )U1,i,n wbeie dl Inks ute -old nt retail .. ihe IliuIdH wiic the prlmm or miniate, s of a pagan icllglon among tl ,,,.,, relts of 1 null ihYniice) llrltaiu iwkI Ii eland The oak s Kn, , .,,,,, "' ' lesented to them the stipiemv (ioe. and the miMlct, i), when Kiowlm; ,, ,,,,, dependence 01 man un,,n niiii 1 T1'' "l"11", y Holt. in slioul,! , . pounced Anne Ilullcn " ' r. The flilleitial iliniaitcr of tl. opuiniKtie .......... ..,, nppLiira 11 iillik-d Age l Muii; Twali ''Inn lea iJilcllei Winner he Hill f. Vlneunzo llelllul iwotr the scoie of tlm opera N'cuinu." u 7 The Welsh 1110 sonieilincs i,,l(.,i ,.,.., bruins 'I lie word l ! .x c , frop, l old Celtic "I .,,,,1,1 ,., .o....!t,,V,1,s i 1. cache Is a lildlnj. phue for tieasure provi.slonx, aiinninnii,,,, , . , spc,.,. p. used lik 1 sxpleiiert, ' "lm 1 The Keelson i,t le)tl i ,., . iImiVYccT''''1''" '' 'l"1"1 Mu'"' Oi.ilorH ft palinode 1, ,i pouo in v 1 , ., , ., ,,. ,';" 11 HonK -iil't In linn,. , pop,,, jy.)(jp - TpS r.i; iisiioN Humanisms Ity WILLIAM ATHERTON I)U PLY rpHK Hepublicnn who got himself elected to Congress from Texas, Harry M. Wurzbach. introduced unothcr novelty in politics about which the veterans are won dering. He campaigned his district nfter the elec tion wns over. He held 11 scries of rallii that lie might thank the inters for what thei hud done for him. They turned out in great numbers, fur nisbcel better audiences than during the pre election chis. Wuizb.leh preached Ins gospel to them, told them why they shoulcl vote for him two ycnrs'licnce. The experiment wns a great success. It is strange that it should seem so new. w I How would you like to have the icspon sibility for everything being in proper form in on organization as punctilious and a important us the Stntc Department? Well, there are two young women in that department who read every letter that ant body, from the secretary to the modest di vision chief, wiilcs. They nre Miss Mnr garct Hannah and .iirs. Ruth It. Shipley If one of these letters is not couched in proper diplomatic language, if all the amenities nre not observed, if precedence ii not given its proper place, if a policy is in dialled thut is not the expressed policy of t lie department swish, swish, goes the big blue pencil nnd the letter is returned to tin Wliter. Merc secretaries nnd assistant secietarif who come and go with the administrations mil indulge in u faux pas now and tlieo but not so these women c.nrs of ofliciitl cor rcspondeuce. w Here comes n young mini with n vision Ho Hies hundreds of feet below the lev; of jibe sou. but lie,- walks with his hend in tin- clouds. His niime is Phil I). Swing and his hoov is in Imperial Vnlley, Calif. He looks like a hoy , Inn he lias been judge in his own home? town. Hu is now representative in the Con gress of tlie 1'nltecl States. 'In that great stretch of desert in the' Southwest, Imprriiil Valley has become an oasis of. astounding fertility. 1,'nder pres ent conditions the amount of land that may lie irtiguted is limited, for most of the water that fulls on the wuterblied of scicn stalei thut drum into the Colorado river runs te wnste nt flood season, goes bnck to without liming served uny useful purpose Young Swing sees the vision of n dam across the Colorudo 11 hundred miles below the Grand Canyon. It would stop the flood iTeute un inland sen thnt could be drumi upon at will. It would furnish water to tinnsform millions of acres of this desert sand, would generute electric power to sup ply un unborn empire. It would perforin the mirnclo cm a stupendous scale that a' lead has been wrought in twenty places 111 ininiatuie. The government's icidanialicin cngincis say the plan is prnetic-tiblc. lis carry ins mil would cost the taxpayer nothing tik lands reclnluii'd would be bonded for tl'-' cost. The government would be asked to gn on their note und supervise the spcudinx of tlie money , nothing more. This hov congressman says be will nc coinpiish tills in two ycuis or icsign Roheit Huev sat in one of the sociadle chairs in front of tlie bank, in Portlim-i Tnd.. one hummer cluy . forty -live iciirs as" Huge of limb, mild of nature, loved 0' oil wns Iliiey. , Down the street enme a stranger. 11 l"ln Inickwoodsmun, supple ns a seal. "I urn I.lmberloss Jim," he annoiinrec 'from Limberloss Creek. I huvo walki'd thirl v miles to see a man named J oher Men., Time- sn V lie Is II icttci' 111 II II 1 " " .. .- -"rf " mu ninl 1 have never seen one ci. I haie- got to find Inm unci tight film. V't III ell Mil II lilt (Mill II H" i "I am Robert lluey." .suid that "n'l"',"1n mil. "but I am no tighter. I never bad a fight in my life." . "I can't help thnt," suid Limberloss Jim "I have got lu l.nuw, so ou have got i' ll!So' these two supi'iincn of the biiekwood enme to grips thuc in ihe lillngc strcci nnd singed u contest that wus as worthy u fancy pi Ice of admission as any ever pu on hv Tex Rlckard, or uny of their kirn An. I at Ihe end of it Limberloss .lilt) fi' he had enough und that Unbelt Hue " the belter mull. And u lit lie bok looked on who.c nn"' wns John A. M. Aduii. and who ufickk n" .... fle.lrt in .ii... I . . I iili Ii I'Ac a li. I i I 1 Pill - III'" ' ill'l'' in 111111' 1 MM --..- il llll oil' t ,11 III '' )'" ' ,1,1 1M I'nU. fi s la- . i , c, nW.tfMc'faji.J. ,. to$tf&1ljm&&4&ter .&? 4v
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers