pi"5 "HV $gF&r,"-- - r "ftVI ,"'& ;-' Twl'" Wtufii "T rK,'i"--j-T' ' ,-r rw t'i . '1) EVENING PUBLIC LEDGER PHILADELPHIA, SATURDAY, MARCH 19, 1921 r - s tW'S3fttri - IffWlKTSWyA'WfUrfr i L' kfiA'dJL.7r "H MtS&J I '.TK J 14 S3'M,S?,lt:i . wm sftia.fflrey ft W1JK. .wtr ;tk v iii - Vna SETS'- iKHfll ' 'mlfm miti Mi a B l r ill' rMaf c m rati H-w 1f;l ii orr- v 5 Jj th'i If- :l I. ?, A1 '..ViUJiTi $ ' ' 'is & J:. w u ': ' t fc - ' IM h't K t ) . " 1 ?! 5- i v ' ! ;j:-,i " . ':i i IS : h I.'. u .- 1. I ; Ui.J Vu. ) t r.-MJ W. if ', ,. : If il if' tf&$ 'S&W 5JR Iff m 1 l' 'hlK I I f , X f Te'-i A v ' illl-!,l! , Eliciting Ihtb.lic-lEeftQgx: PUBLIC LEDGER COMPANY CVHUd II K. CIUT1S. President Clurleo II J.U'llii4ioii Ice I'n 1 in John Martin, Trenmrer linrlos A T I. r Meorrtnrv, I'hlllp H i .ill., a. J l, H UluiniiiB, Jnlin .1. Fpumcon, UeorBi 1'. lluMmmlh David 15, tfmllo tlr:torii KUITOMAt. TIOAR1V r"tn II I t'i im i hnlrinan PAViD b sMii.nr . . Kdllot JOHN C xr.vims. (li-iirmlMlui'lneM'.MfinBin'r I'ubllnhoil dully at Punuc t.Eixitm MuUdlnj IndrtK mil lire yiiuari-, 1'hilaili Iphla. Atlantic fin rrmcfntou Hulldlng NEW' YokK . . :iill Madison Am- nrrnotr 701 I'nrrt lltilMtng flT. Louis .. 1113 Olobe-IK-mooat IlulMlnif ClllOAao laoi! 7'nbiuie Uiillillrc sr.ws itrnKAfs TVuHlNuro.v IHniuv. X I! ir I'ennaluiiU Aic. it ml 14 tli SI sNrnv YotiK Hi niMt . ...The .Vmi Uullrtlns vjpon Iitnru tendon r intra .srHsVIUPTION TKISMrf The Uie.Msii I't nLii' I.ekiilu In neripd. to nun crlbeis hi I'hlUnti Iplila mid surruuudine tuuns at the rate t tiiclvv 112) cents ror wrck. payable to tho tun l . Hy mall m t.iu nutnkl" of PhiladelphU. tn ln Undid Minna. (.nnaiM. or timid Minus jw tciaioiis. pi ct,n:. frr , ua i.Mli nnn ror month, elx (fin dollar TT v, ,ir punIiI In advance To alt fori Inn con itrlrs nne (fl) dollar n month. Notice Pnbm-ribon. w lulling address chanced Jnust Rlv "Id as wll on new address. bell, iooo miir hI.i'tI0At:. "A,N MM V7 Atltb' rt all i-oiiiuxiim, canon to VvcnUiQ VubUc If dllC' I I prnrti i i-- Square, I'luladrlplun Member of tltc Associated Press THE ASU)CI U hi) VltLbS Li exclusively en titled to tin vi ' r rriiuhliralltn nt nil liri n Gtspalchr rrrdilnl to it nr tint othmriie crrditui in thia papir, ami alio fwi Incal nrwi ptfbfisird Iherfdt. All rltMi of rrpuhticatlon of special dispatches fterrirl a'r nlio w.rif(f. I'liiliilflpliu. -i.lutilj.. Mrrh . lilt TURN THE REFORMERS OUT? THE .loli (Vuliiiip now in control of t lie Cltj Coiiiu-il is too moili-st iu ncrtlng Its poi-r. roiinciliniiii "i toonliitinn nmenilitii; tho rnlrs in -in-li :i u.i ii" to liilc from I ho juriMlii Hon "f i In' I iw onninltoo, prr-idi'il OTcr lij Mr. lirwlin. all muttiTM poniliiii; bo.fon' tbo I,i sflnture dot'3 not so far -enough. Even Its provision that the president of the Council should appoint a &peclal com mittee to consider bills in the Lecislnturc Is Inadequate. Tho ccientific wit in which tho Job Combine majority should assert Itself lies In amending tho rules which provide that the president shall appoint nil Ptnndinc committees "for tho term of the Council" In such a way as to permit him to roorcanizo tho coinuiittoes ut any tinio when a majority of tho members of tho Council think it desirable. Then tin' pri-idciit could constitute the law committii' in urli n way ns to put om of his followers at its heud, and ho could reconstitute cory ntlior committee which might !mo a cliiiirinaii who wuiM not do his bidding- If thi- me going tn do the thing they would bettor make a tboi-ouEh job of it and assume all tlio responsibilities that nttach to their iot mn. THE NEXT POSTMASTER THEItK are going to bo some heartburu Ings in tli" i-.iuk-j of the hungry spoils men before the new po-itmasters are ap pointed. Under the present oiil sonico rules, put Into force lr an order of President Wilson, all the fii it, second and third class post masters are nppdiutcd from .in eligible list prepared after iho idudidutes bao taken ii einiuiiinticn. Word .-onii s fniiu 'a-"liiugloii that the Vi!fon ord'r is to lie icikoi mihI that President Ilanlmg is t- issue S n, unlcr making some slight modifications in it. l!ut the til-'t, m'i otid and tliml class postmasters are still to be uppojntid from an eligible list. The appointing pnwir is to he tillourd to select iii man from those ut the head of the lief. Whether ho wll lie i milinoil to a choice bttuicn die trst ihreo .r the iirt five or si is, not jot definitely settled. Hut tho man ho i to lie postmaster must p.isa an examination. There me one op to ninhitions Repub licans in this, itv who huo been looking with hungry ejes ,u ihe po-toihee who v ill hear this news without uuv munifostatious of joy. The thought of passing nnj kiud of nn r amiuution strikes terror in their hearts-. If they do ti.it liesi.j,. initoi- I'iuro.e ;md bg him on their kn es in ionic to their rescue thn tin j will l.jne gien up all hope of the reward whnli tin se. I, une H ease their miml" b, djiiiunig t .e whole civil service sj-tem t r.,ni top to bottoni mid will ask one anoiner whit the; "i. toil Harding for, amw.ii. if imr te get tie f.it jobs-. A MOB CURE IS NEEDED MUI! rule nn.!. r an j gi,is. r for nnj cause must .ilw.i,- I., u hateful tliiug to the Ainerii'un initio ami a menace to the welfare (if nruiiinuiin s m whi-li it is tol erated, liovenior All. 'i. of Kansas, bus stnrtod what uppi,ii'- in be ,i sisteimuic in vestigation i n t ih- .n ri'outly ropmtid from Mminn where iiiulcrii representing the N.iiip;ii-ii-.-iu I., .igu.- were tjri il nml fcatlureil . ;i mob ami ilriieu mn f u town. If tin it 1 1 1 1 1 r- is not rb'iroiigli Kan ins will lie- the -ufT hi in the long inn .N"e mull !!' r li.ruis sioniaiioouli or with a eli'Mili ele tun el pi,i-...sc , I'chiml ,i,.ri Ijnohitig oat t' mil i I i n- in tin- -afc b.i. k groiiud e.l I I n -,l i il. in stree I eh IinUlstl-U tiona, are shr..iu n. n who uo tho nmlis ,-is toeds ami ,i -ir mo lit-- o' il., ii- m n put p.i.e,. Tho leiiu.ig' at M.in.iii w ,i . n..t ii'inllv a protest ii si-i j ii -. t ih N,,i .,ntisiiii l.i.ieuo Or its llnrtlili . It ,-ein,i. jt t.v (i- tance iiioi-i- ' !,- an milium ih of poi'iiul conflict nml pi rsoii.il .j.m . l'Utrinlllll level a-.ill In .l ,t mob notion. Vid tiis i.iiion wot id In in a sorrj wai .inlm! 'ie- h 1 ,k ., ,, r L, , mobs I,, i i,,. -nn i, ,, jt. imlni, hi in-ii-tlltlolis. PAINLESS PUNISHMENT IN 'I'll in' n pii.N.si j, i j of hum, in llflilii s 11 i i- m ,n ,i pcr-iisti'iu ten dency to ng ml piii... iiiisliiiiut as nn ideal Hung m l -..,., until it i, a. Ineiod. TIlllS III' to ,if. ,, L. , t 11,11111 pinple who, While lln v ii c wmii2 if, mlinit that the (ieruiiui, iif-d I.. I,. .iiii.im shrink from nujtluug hi ml .i -it. r t.n-.ils Similiiili , ' i -ii,.. .i-i-oii i form bei-rtiui tlio piirti ' of hum.initi M moan, to maki; Capit.ll peilllsim . t , so ,),., i,fu) ( tf moment of it. iiilln i,,n Iimv.. in, sought tircles-sli I,, -. .iniisis, . -jMittiiri ami tin- Jieople wlio know m ,il i if,, in jui, than tines, who in. ii'j i. n nlimii it 'I'll,. Henate of V i nhi hns ,o t i u ! I approved a bill to i sinblisli ,i bihiil i dumber in win. h condemned nn u might be ie.-uiii m then sleep bj tin. Use of puinles, jj.i. That method would iiliuost urtiiinly pmio more terrible than anj mew in use Sm n agonies ah u condemm-d inuu epi-rii'm e nri for tin must part uo in susi.iti e nml uniting during tho Inst hours, 'liu, ,Ni,tiu Seunte would prolong that awful inter,il fiotn hours to duj s. There n a lory w nlo gi'txrnl belief that the oleelric ihuir served tn iniikc rct utinn Jess llorilblo bi eilli ke-lilng the pioce.s of legal killing Tli.it u-Miiiiiloii is i,,,t pii. tilled. Tin mini propiiratioii for nn ob etro CUtlou are m-i e-ssanlj car. fill and i J 1 1 ) i it t -. v1- I'jii'i utiotn-r, no matti'r how greatly he I y desire to In swift and nn iviful, cunnot tik n misplaced electrode' or any llaw in tfio ndjustmeiits of his instruments. .So tlio modern (h-alb chamber takes on a clinical atmosphere "' ,r "f ''""I ""'I il'libernie aelentilii' pri'-idiiro that is in its waj nioro appnlllng tlinti the sight of n gallows. . When a uau wus hanged for uiurdrl wns likely to be killed within n few seconds after lie mounted (he gallows. A condemned tun tt iioundn.is is often Irss fortunate. Wi-iils with fright and with tho look of one mortally ill, ho is helped Into the chair, nnd there ho must sit while all the elaborate equipment is adjusted fo his head, his arms, his body nnd his feef. The process some times requites n full minute or more, even when it is directed with the utmost skill. That interval is one in which witnesses often faint. What It is to tho man who sits alone while quick hands musk him nnd hood him with leather and truss him up wllli heavy straps nnd bands no one will ever know. The best thnt can be said for electricity Is tlint it is swift and sure, once it is applied. It probably InvuHes not even a slight twinge of phjsical pain for the victim, since the lirst bolt brings complete unconsciousness eioti if it does not cauo Insfntit death. Prison wardens in the I 'tilted States arc almost unanimously opposed to capital pun ishment. That is because they havo seen It in operation. The theory of nn eye for nn eye mny be right or wrong. The fact remains that no device of human ingenuity can comfort n man who knows that he Is to be killed. OUR MINOR NEIGHBORS CALL FORTH MAJOR DIPLOMACY Secretary Hughes Has Vigorously Grasped One Phase of the Complex Latin-American Problem In His Panama Note THE affairs of two little nations among tlio smallest of the western world hnvc evoked from tho I'nited States n formal ex pression of "deep concern." The language used by Secretary Hughes in n note ad dressed to tho government of Panama has the authoritative ring of the mnjor diplo macy. It may bo snid by those who neither know nor care where the disputed territory of t'oto lies that n controversy between two pienjuue republics Murcely warrants the solemnity of attitude assumed by the De partment of State. Tho grandiloquence of our Latin-American neighbors and the fiery pomposity of tho alleged freebooters who happen to control minor national destinies through precarious periods is supposed to be provcrblnl. Club and smoking room conversationists nmong tis will frown concernedly nt mention of Mcsopotnmln. Their sense of world poli tics is transatlantic. Tn circles of consid erable intelligence the Monroe Doctrino is comfortably regarded as the nutomatic pan neen for whatever ills may nfllict. this con tinent. Assurance is readily expressed that the security of tho Panama cannl nnd of our interests in this hemisphere can in the main be detached from tuppenny wars in the tropical Americas nnd from the rise nnd fall of unstable revolutionary governments. No estimate of tho ensc. could be further than this one from un adequate appreciation of its true values. These were perceived by the new secretury of state immediately upon his assumption of oflice. It was such a viewpoint which colored the vigorous missives of Mr. Hughes which ended tho Cosfa Hican-Panamn conflict last week, ami is similarly revealed in tho latest note, which, save in its omission of a time limit, is significantly suggestive of nn ultimatum to the Isthmiun republic. It is easy to characterize that evanescent little war as a joke. Hut the various im plications, the complex nnd in part still vague motives involved nro not trifling and the whole general subject is one of impressive magnitude. The government of tho United States is quite correct to be "concerned." Central American conditions nt the pres ent time are in a state of flux, big with both auspicious and disturbing posibi!itieJs. There can be little question that the advent of the new administration has crystallized and de veloped a variety of movements purposely held in abeyance while the Wilson regime was expiring. Tho array of loose -end questions south of the Itio tlrando is iudeed embarrassing. The dispute with Colombia over the acqui sition of the canal franchise still hangs fire. The five Central American republics of (iiintemiiln. Salvador. Honduras. Nicaragua and Costa Iticn are engaged in a laborious effort of ceeiisolidation. 1'or nenrlj a century failure has pursued similar attempts, but the prospects are brighter tenia, ami although the adjustment of details isprmoking ructions at tlio San .losf congress,, public sentiment in (he states concerned is markedly unionist. Tho pro gram has materially expedited tho resump tion of friendly relations between Mexico and Central Atm ri.-u, with the result that from the Hin lirando t the Colfo l)iih-e in southern Costn Hioa a new sentiment of co operative enterprise exists. Hut as usual, foreign concessions are com plicating the situntieiu. British oil interests in i 'eista Kh-n have been in n sense repu diated by the present administration in Sun lose, which regards the huge grants made titujcr fonne'r President Titioco as illegal. The recent disetiAory "f petroleum in i-en-tr.il Colombia has plnjod a part iu stimu lating tho American exploitation spirit. The status of alleged recent acquisitions is, however, seriously doppudeut upon the es. inblisliinent f noire amicable relations with iho Hogoin (ieivernmont. Self-interest, which no enlightened Ameri can on ii call unworthv. has lately raised doubts of the availability of the Panama canal for tin- greater United Stntrs navy. There exists with Nicaragua a treaty guar antying rights for a now canal and grant ing naval base privileges on both the At lantic nnd Pacific ide. Central Ann rn-a. olose-lv watching tho naval program of the I niti'd Slates, is won-de-ring whet li r a second transcontinental waterway will some duy be built, and if so what North American rights of necompanv ing lane) nvcieignty and control will he' sought. 'This aspect of the situation is of nn.ro pi 'eminence in tho Central American union i oiiii'iition than is perhaps realized in imrtherlj latitudes. There is n distinct feeling in the fivo re-r-ubli's that the proposed federalized nation inn i lann cousiib ration wliuh In it present slate of division it would bo futile to seek. In the midst of nli these unsettled prob lems the Costn Hica-Pniiama bouudim dis pute lias emerged Its rights am wrongs nro as i lenr as the motives- inspiring ono eif the parties are obscure While this frontier controversy over the cnnipni'iitivelv uinll Coto torriturv lias bom waging oi'-r snioo the vtirinus colonial enp luine'ies general of Spain uplit into separate n publics, atid in nunc ru-i-, disinti grated still further, hope of setlleiuent wn- ontor tniiied when both Colombiu. of wlibh I'nn umu wns then n part, uiul Costa Itif-n agreed in !MK) to abide by the arbitral decision of l'reside-nt I.oubet. of Uratiei Tin" Koverelgntj of I'nniiiiui. gained with American aid in I!"1'!, gave a somen hat iu'vv complexion I" the issue, which moreover, was not loveioil in full detail even bv the Trench nwuid. The' l'orrns Anderson treaty liolvvpi-n I'lism Hie'n nnd Piiiiiiinn ihdgd Imtl unities to abide bv n further decision to be- mmle bj tin- chil'f just f the United Stales i was Panama's refusal to abide by Chief .lustn-o White's ruling and to withdraw from territory adjudged to be Costa Itieuu which occasioned tho lccent invasion of the rogion, reguideil by some Ameriinns as a comic opera war. Sueh, iu the light of the Hiiro poan shambles? It nmj have been but its bearing the Amernan position at the Isthmus, wns by no means slight, and the prompliyss with which Secretary Hugbi t grasped the situation is n. most convincing tribute (o his nbllltirs of statesmanship. Equally Hound Is his exceedingly stern new note to still disgruntled Panama. Tho direct interference of the United Htntej Is amply justllicd in Secretary Hughes' firm contention that "this government has no doubt thnt the government of Pnnnmn will also recognize that there is Implicit in the provision of the Huy-Hunnti Vnrllln treaty nn undertaking on the part of Panama to observo faithfully its International obliga tions. The guaranty given to the republic of Panama by the United States Is obviously conditioned upon that performance." It Is upon this basis of lucid reasoning thnt Mr. Hughes has categorically called upon Panama to abide by tho Justice White nwnrtl and end n dangerous controversy. This plain spenklng Is of the utmost ndvnntnge in winning the good will not only of Costa Hicn, but of thp four sister republics strug gling toward tlio federation which should make of them n nation of actual consequence. Apart from the absolutely vnlld ethics of the performance, the order for It amounts to such Is diplomatically brilliant nnd pro gressive. The motives of Panama, however, remain obscure. While it mny seem pxtrnvngnnt to suggest that forces are nt work deliberately to em barrass tho United States at the canal, tho cross currents of Lntln-American airs arc nt present so stirred that the most scrupu lous investigation is imperative. The new administration has mnde a com manding start with its near-ultimatums. Central America has received a test of our sincerity nnd Its effect must filter into Mexico. Recognition of the spirit of fair play will bring confidence to the decent elements and they are many nnd too little regarded in Latin America. And this same policy, consistently pur sued, must bring confusion to tho nests of intrigues, frequently Inspired by outside interests, which flourish so persistently jn nenrby countries xvliose very names xve nro so inclined to forget. It would seem ns though some of these pestiferous influences were inclined to test the new government in the United States. If so, they can hnrdly be cheered by their attempted resumption of activities. THE MAYOR AND THE CHARTER MAYOR MOORE is asking the co-operation of tho members of tho charter revision commission, the committee of sev enty nnd the Civil Service Reform Associa tion In securing fivo nmendmonts to tho charter, only one of which is radical. That one changes the section providing that the whole Council shall be elected every four j ears, lip would like to have one-half of the Council elected every two years, and proposes thnfliwhen thp new Council is elected one-half shnll bo chosen for four years nnd tho other half for six years, and that thereafter there should bo elections every two years. There are just as strong arguments for tho continuance of the present urrnugements ns can be advnuced for thn change. Under neither arrangement can the right kind of a Council lie scoured if the voters nre in different, .lust as good n Council ran be obtained under the present plan if the voters do their duty. The suggestion's that the budget should bo passed by the Council on December 1 in stead of on December .", nnd that tempo rary loans be approved by u majority vote instead of by n two-thirds vote, and thai probationary appointees lio allowed to retain their positions uutil nn eligible list has been prepared by file Civil Service Commission nre matters of detail iu which no popular Interest can bo nrouscd. It is doubtful, also, whether much interest cati be aroused in tbo Mayor's request that the civil service provisions of the charter be amended so ns to permit the appointing offi cer to mnke bis selections from the first four names on the eligible list instead of from the first two, as at present. The purpose of the law is to secure the appointment of capable men. 'Hie exami nations are supposed to bo framed so as to test the fitness of the applicants. It might be argued that if all who pass the examina tions are tit the appointing officer should be allowed to select any man on the eligible list. Hut the civil semen reformers have sur ceeded in persuading tlio Legislature to limit the discretion of the appointing power for fear it might be used to put political friends in oflice and build up n political machine. They may be right, but the restriction on tlio liberty of actiun by the appointing power has not prevented machine politicians from placing in oflice the men they favor, nnd they ought not to be ullowed to stand In 'the way of a capable and efficient independent poli tician from keeping out of ollico the men who will exert themselves to undo what he is try ing to do. If tin' Civil Service Commission is block ing the Mayor there must be eviib nee of it mailable. If it is -standing too firmly nn the letter of the Inw and ignoring its spirit that also can be established. The impression prevails, however, that the Mayor has not exhausted all his resources, and that if he intelligently and vigorously uses the devices at his hum! he can do what he seeks to do whether the charter is chaug'-d or not. BARKING UP THE WRONG TREE Tlin Washington m respondent of the Now York World is liudiug evidence of Republican favoritism toward big interests in tin' nnnouueemont of Attorney Cleueral Dimghertv that ho ha- instructed his as sistants to dismiss till pi osi cut ions growing out of violations of the l.evor not. Tho correspondent intimates thnt this action bus been tnken in ordir to conciliate the -big interests which have not shown a disposition to contribute to the fund needed to wipe out the deficit of tlio Ropuiilieuu na tional committee. This is silly. The decision to drop prose cutions unih-r the Lover m-t was mnde by Attorney (ienornl Palmer after the Supreme Court had decided that the nit was uncon stitutional. Tho Inw forbids "unreiiviiiable profits." but it fixes no standard by which the reasonableness or unreasonableness of profits may be measured. The impossibility of securing nn equitnblp verdict under it wns pointed out by tho lower courts in .sev eral Instances before the Supreme Court acted. When the Supietno Court decision wns handed down, while Mr. Wilson wns still President, it wns nnnouucn from Wnsliington that not only would nil prose ciitioiis under the law bo dropped, but that it would be necossiirv to return to the con victed defendants nil the money they had paid In fines. If thorn is any Republican politics in the ni'tion of Attorney (ienornl Dauglierty the Siipieme Court must bo a party to the plot. Wo do not think that oven the Washington eorn'tpoiidont of tho World will go s() mr tis to mnke this charge. Alaska Is governed by tliirtv Inn fed eral bureaus, which direct 111," diffi n ut ac tivities mid interfere with each other in at h-iiM ll.'S." different wajs. To put thorn under one lu-ad mid In tench them to walk in step is one of the big jobs cut out for the Harding ndminibtratiou. Alaska has a nn ti ger population and vast stoics of mini nil wealth, which la t must bn handled caio full y and wisilj. Ten billion board fi-a-t of wood pulp wood nn- available there. lie. fore an ax is laid to a single trunk plans should be made for forest fniisorvutinii Wo havo had our lessons elsewhere. Wo know that famine follows oxtravaganee. fireed must not bo allowed to interfere with tho public vveul. A good antidote for super-sjnipathv for (lormauv is to read some ot the things said by (ierinau generals nnd German philoso phers before and during th war. AUTO VS. RAILROAD Motor Vehicles of the Country Worth Half as Much as Railroads Strlk' Ing Facts About Them American Car -First , By OKOHGE NOX MrCAIN OSCAR HECKER, thn banker, expresses the belief, shared generally by railroad men, that motor transportation will never mnke nny appreciable difference in tho freight income of rails. At least not for j ears to come. ; The profit iu motortruck service In com petition with railroads is iu short hauls. When It conies to quantity movement of freight, such ns heavy manufactures ovVr long distances, the gasoline vehicle must be climinntcd. There is no question, Mr. Heckcr points out, thut the marvelous iticrense in motor vehicles used for pleasure hns mntcrlully reduced passenger income on the railroads. This is largely due to the pleasure derived from motoring, which in group traveling, such ns families, means n considerable re duction iu expense. A BRIEF news dispatch from Washington conveys thp astonishing Information thnt O.-'ll.L'ft."! motorenrs were registered in the United Slntes in IDL'O. Figuring tlio cost, or vnlue, of this num ber of onto vehicles at $1000 per car, and Hint is possibly below the avernge, the amount of money invested is considerably in excess of ?n,000,000,Ono. Tho significant facts of these tremendous figures nre conveyed in a comparison with The amount of money invested by tho rnil ronds of tiiis country in rights, rolling stock, Motions nnd terminal facilities, freight yards and nialntenance-of-wiiy material. In round numbers this represents nbout $1S.OOO,000,000. Hy this showing the investment in nuto cars in the United States is just one-half the value of its rnllronds. Spcculntlve imagination, carrying the com parison over n scries of years in tlio future equivalent to thp period which marks the development of the automobile, sny the lust two decades, can attain to nlniost incon ceivable figures. Thci increasing cost of gasoline nnd the sums involved in tho mnintcunnco of good roads bultable for this form of travel nnd traffic will not stay the progress of the motor vehicle. rnniS country leads the world in the man X ufacturo and use of the automobile. A certain distinguished English visitor nnd critic declared tome tlmo ago that "America hns gone motor mnd." And yet this wonderful development and use of motoreurs has been the result of less thnn twenty years. The remarkable demand for motortrucks for freight transportation and heavy hauling in nil lines of industry bus grown up in half that time. Motortrucks were one of the great factors in helping the Allies to win the world war. Thej- fed our armies a nil conveyed troops speedily and effectively from point to point and from sector to Hector along tho battle line. Jn tho South African Hoer war they wcro used for tho first time in nrmed wnrfnre. They were utilized only to n limited ex tent. They were iu their initial binge of development. Thp Hoer war would have ended speedily had tbero been n full equipment of them possessed by the British. NOTWITHSTANDING tlio pre-eminence of this country in (he development of tho nutoniobile. the "Encyclopedia Hrifnn nica" devotes less than one-fwclfth of its snnce on automobiles to the American, ma chine. A strictly American encyclopedia of cqunl vnlue. research, range of subject and bio graphical importance is badly needed. Contrary to general Ix-licf. the first Amrr ieau automobile was not produced in the decade between 1S!)0 nnd WOO. Its invention untcdntcs that period by nearly liulf a century. It was invented, put on the road and saw active service us n pleasure vehicle in 1S35. It wus a curiosity in this country for two years and was then shipped to Croat Hrltain and exhibited iu tlio Crjstul Palace, London. It was dest roved in the fire that burned (ho palace in 1S07. RICHARD DUDGEON, an engineer of New York, was the inventor nnd builder. He wns the inventor of the hvdrnulic pump. The invention wns tlio result of a bet be tween three men : Richard Dudgeon, engi neer; William Fletcher, a builder of steam boat engines, and Superintendent Hudson, of tlio Rogers Locomotive Works. Iu the nutunin of IS.".", during n discus sion of the possibility of building an engine nml vehicle hiijtnhtc for road work, each oHhe three posted a certain sum of money, said to have been $."() each, which was to beioino tlio property of tlio oiip who sue (ceded in building nn uiitomobilo. The original, built by Dudgeon, was made at .Vi (toerck street. New York. It wns a heavy apparatus with a long boiler set low between four solid wheels of cedar wood titled with steel tires. There wore steam chests, cylinders, pis tons and driving rods. Over the driving rods nt each side wns n long upholstered sent cnpable of accommo dating six persons. II was a tninaturo locomotive nnd the predecessor of tho later automobile steam ers. After the instruction of the first machine at the Crystal Palace Mr. Dudgeon con structed n duplicate in 1MI0. This primitive automobile is still in ex istence, the property of his sou, who re slili s on Long Island. IT IS u remarkable fact that nil vehicles of transportation, iu tlio earlier stages of their invention and practical use, copy the form of the vehicle thut preceded theiii. The first railroad cars utili.od for pos senger traffic were built like stage coaches, with seats inside and out. but running on a truck with flanged wheels. The first steamboats were clumsy barges' fitted with exposed engines after the man ner of tlio river barges of preceding eras. When automobiles were lirst constructed thej copied In their structure and design the hoiso-drawn vehicle. Tliov resembled horse-carriages and light wheebd buggies: nffuirs without nny eco nomic fitness of design for their new motive power. Henry Ford's lirst automobile wus built like a buggy. It was called the "gasoline buggy," and set the people laughing as lie drove through the streetb. In tlio last twenty jours nil the lines of original construction have been abandoned. ISy common consent of automobile build ers, as well as by the necessities Imposed bj motors, valves, tanks, etc., and their location, a general Mnndurd of automobile design has boon reached. II no more resembles the original car than a skjscrnper resembles u two-sturj brick house. All new machine, torpedo or stream-line bodies ami other fashions nro merely modi fications of one general tjpe. I T IS nniusing to rend in these ndvnnced d.ijs the leenrds of curly nutoniobile moos. f s?,.prt.llii, ,i-mu n fiitiionu Ii'r.i.i.il. ...,... -l ,i l ll l I,.. ( ....... ., i.,i,.! lUV-Ul (if tWCIltj JIM I'M ago. In April, lHOli, he gave what wns de scribed b.v cable as a "muguiliccnt perform-nin-e" ut Nice. lie mnde half a mile in half a minute, The ordinary road wordier and dust burner on a state highway iu Peiinsylvuniu equals that todiiy when no motor cops arc iu siKht. Speaking of his performance, Serpollit said: "I heiird und saw nothing. Platforms, troi". peoph I sow none of Ihcm." Some speedster that. lust a few minutes after a Inial man had bunged himself because he could not find work his son urrivcu with the news that n Job had been found for him. "Kismet !" said the inuu und died And Fate, we may imagine, waiting on the oilier side, grinned wickedly as he cried, "Fooled jou that timsPV -Kid!. -wo. WA'-"1- 'Jkt' )M . .ivwaBiBBBEi2'Dw5ps wmrrr Aijt . X. Am A NOW MY IDEA IS THIS Daily Talks With Thinking Philadelphiais on Subjects They Know Best MRS. ABBY SUTHERLAND BROWN On the Manners of Young Girls Today A NOTE of warning to the modern mother is sounded b.v ..Mrs. Abby Sutherland Hrovvn on the causls of some of the evils of today as illustrated in the manners nnd morals "of joung gills. From her long experience ns the bend ot the OgonLi School for Girls, nnd from her keen observation of women in the milking, Mrs. Hrovvn speaks "as one with iiiillior itv." Siie tnnkes a pica for old-fashioned home influence and constnut, painstaking burveillnnce in this way: . "if the mother's sense of obligation in (lie education of her daughter were more vital we should not find so ninny girls who hnvc lost chnrt nnd compass in the wild swelter ot social conditions. With so ninny anchors dragging from tho good old home moorings, we bee strange courses Inid across the open oceun by youthful navigators. What should we think of the ocean-going navigator v. ho neglected nil the mariner's helps of light -house, buoy, charts of shoal nnd ilangeioiis reef? Hut ninny u joung girl and be iy from good homes put out on this untried sea without tho home warnings and home ad visings nnd mother wisdom ringing iu their ears. Discusses "Modern Mothers" "Either mothers nre too busy or too secure in their own convictions to image the state of mind of their children, or too indolent or too wavering iu their moral outlook. lor whatever or all of these reasons the old ie nioust ranees, the old warnings, the home sormoni.iug at every turn have not been put iuto die south of our day nnd generation. "Our modern mother locutions casually and artistically the things which weie homilies of unforgettable length and irre sistible persuasion in the older dajs. 1 he insistence, the line upou lino, precept upon precept, the liPre a little ami there a little, or a great deal, has yielded to the light sug gestion or casual -reminder of more ciowded homo dujs and wajs. "Hours of what the modern mother, with the light touch of discipline, might call scold ing wore given to explanation nnd warnings and forebodings of temptation. These homely sermons were good trail-bluzcrs for the uu wurv feet of xoiith. They made the way luminous with the wisdom of an curlier uud wiser traveler. Religious four nml reverence for liolv lives were nnd nre neccssnry sufe giinrds'in this untried journey of each new hiimuu being. Ashs .Mothers to Give Tinio to Childieii "Time given to tho girl or boy, discussion, plans for better days, by n mother's own voice und eager interest, these make up in centives which arc stronger than (he Indi vidual. They take root In that deep soil of family lovo and clan spirit which bear fruit in national integrity and righleousuoss which i'nlt a nation. "Principles must bo taught, must be in culcated iu earl.v jours with constunt effort and dully observation for progress or failure. Everv duy must be to the mother, not a club meeting, but a new effort to mot .lohnuie's cliaracter in truth nnd Mary's modesty In purity of thought. Teachers' wink cannot he substituted for mothers' influence. "Milliners are not Miliiciont substitutes fr morals. Milliners worlhv of some fashion itblo dniicifig class cunnot give the moral filler of those Piiiltun IntliK uces which lime stood the test of life. Many a modern mother has expended her greatest energj on .lohuiiin's bow or Mur.v's courtesy rather tliuii on the integrity of Johnnie's )iiini.-c or the gentleness of Mary's, heart. Homo Center of Social Fabric "Coin glows lij method. Can ehnrnoicr grow by caprice? The hand that locks Iho cradle must rule the world through the moral liber which it puts iuto its children's eailv training. It is useless to orgimlc for social betterment when the ver.v center of the so ciul fabric, tlio home, is failing in its product. "The pi esent undressed condition of girls, their lux manner.-, with joung men, their ignoring of the claims of convent lou nre nil pint of the mothers' transfer of icsponsl bllitj. It Is impossible to evolve a wise conventional bufeguard of young lives out of their own desires. The safeguard luuSt h tlio sacred fire conserved in the minds of (hose older. Chaperoning of young people inure carefully, giving them no nutouiobiles to go where they will, watching over their nduleuccnt whims as one guards a fonder vino from vagaries of growth-all these will help to withstand the tide of license which is sweeping us away. I nm biiro joung girl are ns lovely aud pure of heart ns ever before in tha world's histqry. It is difficult for BUT HE SOMEHOW MANAGES TO STAY ON TOP l 'IIBLowLJsiiMKSffl.1 f viCA ms: iiP9B 1 BlllE2t Jfo y """ M0 - , AdMtfEMlBBkmflNNFvnir'' IU llfll I II lf I II HI IU II I l(veV4 $ns njy . X.SJK .jirt&ifruie. ' " , " iw y them to display or moinlnin this golden morning glow in the inu.es of the modern dtiiKo, Hip wild frpu.y of iu. music and the lurid lights of the draina. the wastes ot decadent books and the undressed condition of their own joung bodies. Parent Should Slant! Firm "It is (he place of the mother in tlio home to correct these tilings with her own daugh ter No mat tor whut neighboring daughters do in these regards, as for those who know nnd understand the (ask, lead them, jour own daughters, lure (hem, lovo (hem into it, conx tlieni, advise (hem, make them! Do not let up on it (ill the day of the new earth und heaven! Stnnd firm. Those who arc with jou ore more (hnn those who nro with the forces of evil. If wp do not get this landslide of moral abandonment and license stayed, the lovely girls of our day will be buried beneath it. "When the strong supports or moral puri tanic idealism have been torn away, society will fall back to the mire from which it has tnken long ages to lisp. The immoral state of some civilizations, based on the nncicnt Romiiii, uro not the kind we crave for our American land of promise. We want our Anglo-Saxon slurdj moral fiber to remain. It is tlio hallmark of our nice. It is thn product of long, faithful, puritanic vigil over the infuncy nnd strong until of our beloved laud." Farm labor nt Pnulsboro. N. .1., can bn had at from twenty-live to thirty cents uu hour, nnd I'urmer.s nro putting in n larger ncieago ns a consequence. This iiinv menu a lower price for plain food in (lie future. On tlio other hand, shad fishermen nre pessi mistic nml niiiiij will not operate their boats, declaring that if there is u good run lime will bo too low for profit and if the run is poor prices will bo too high for hales. Ibis mny menu a higher price for delicacies,. And after a period of plain living people will again get a Mirplus, nml will be able to iifrord luxuries, ami the economic circle will be complete. One small section tells the story of the. world. The local educator who felled a bandit with it hag containing n Latin grammar and a history of English literature now bus added appreciation of the value of books in one's progress through life. What Do Yon Know? QUIZ Wlial Is meant by "u. cappcllu" slnglnc? Which Mate la called "tho -.uher of I'iculdeutH ? What Is n cenotaph? ('or wind does thu abbieviatloii "Lltt D" Hiund? Niiiiie the author of "Xovo In the Vallev" What Is u colophon? V ho composid tho "Palhcliiiuo Sym Phony'? J Niinio bomo prominent defeated candi dates now living, for tho presidency of the llnlli it Stales. What Is the capital of Pennsylvania? dive the nn unlng uf ricochet. Answers to Yesterday's Quiz I .Nikola Sokolofl Is tho lomlu'ciur of tho . s '.'' v'.'1',"1.' Sympnony Oichcslra. .. .Mitlianlil lliiwihonio wrote "Tho Scarlet I-eittr.' ii somber tun artistic, novel of inrly New Hnghind .1 Spi Illiquid Is iho capital or llllnoin I An anagram Is a verbal puz.lc in 'which the leiimu 0f 0nl or Htainlnid pin. mo aro transposed- into another woi.l or wonls which must make sense ami also bo apposite or loluteil i0 t,0 iigiiml wonl or phrase. , tho let !.'.,I.',H miiHt be used Uxainph-H are lluv see, anagram for "the eves" ' iiiuuimuior ' for "astronomer"1 "everv ..in paid . ,,. ..t" .f 0, liniment"; "llutlci- hi' fol. ..lmt' M,',''ly!',: . 'I11','' huii(.sH Imp" fur ".Mepblstopbcles." ' 5. "Old l-'iiss and o'oiithers" was an nrr.-e tiouaw se.brhiuet appllo. ta uoera'l Wl.illol.l Scott by his soldiers Uu"ral fi The tli si ten aiiK-mlments to the oohhM J ill iii of the L'l.lleel .,,.,. passed cob bcilvelv, ate knuvvii as "Tho Hill ,,r ItiKl.tH.' I the main, they r ."ri"A and ilellu.. the rlB,i ,,, p,V' '"'': ::ip clileus ii h Individuals ,,"l"s'Hor ' "", M..m." lM "',' "'"'lai'l ubbievlntloii foi "Ills or (Her) Mujoslv's SIi In ' S. Lord Lee of Uiiniiiim is thollrltl'sli ilrst lorel of the admiralty. J. Sir Miliar Sullivan, Irish composer wrote the score of "II M S I'lnufoi-e " 10, A 'nohe'cU. ; In Hie licentious days of (ho IJ.rufiit,)!'."ll,"1.",",1i l,ltcr' wa a sort of niistocrallu lioollgun, tough or iiuaehc wjio infested tlisWeoto of London. ' SHORT CUTS Devilln' Devclln continues to be Coun cil's favorite indoor tport. I It is tho womnn with an eye to Easter who is puttiug on tho lid these days. As a plum-tree operator Mr. Tumulty appears to have thrown a wicked stick. Tt may bo said for capital punishment thnt it enubes many a woman defendant to cscnpo from the meshes Of tho law. From Whitinsvllle, Mass., comes the story of a landlord who reduced his renti to suit reduced wnges. no may be a good business wan rather thnn a philanthropist, at that. A woman in Monte Carlo shot herself, choosing as the scene of (ho tragedy tho spot where she find lost all her money. It is a messy way of doing things, but perhaps an effective dramatization ot tho evils of gam bling. Immigrants In Ellis island have dis tinguished themselves by mobbing a man who advocated the overthrow of the United States Government. Occasionally there U wisdom as well ns feeling in tbo primitive impulse. Our own Mrs. Wilson has n plan to deodorize garlic and nt the same tinio to retain its efficacy. The Evemno Punuo Lr.iKinu culinary expert hns the good wishes of the community. Garlic is excellent on a steak but nbominablo on n street car. The fnct (hat tho daylight-saving bill hns been defeated is no reason why yen should not cultivnto n garden. An hour in tho morning is, nfter all. as good as nn hour in the eveniug. Its ono drawback is that fewer people will uvull themselves of id benefits. The White Houso enddy having been interviewed concerning tho gnmo played bv Frosidcut Harding nud former President Wilson, we anxiously await an interview with the White House butler conrerniijg tb merits of Mrs. Wilson nud Sirs, llnrding us a housekeeper. We mny be pessimistic, but we nro in clined to believe thnt the demand for (hi testimony of Charles G. Dawes before thn Houso war investigating committee will full off when it is generally known that all tin" cuss words wero expurgated beforo the stuff went to the government printer. Johnny Wilson has just received $10,000 for u battle with Mike O'Dovvd, who got a mere $20,000. When one thinks of the miserable pay received by pugilists ono won ders why men will iillow themselves to be pummeled in tho prize ring while they might be holding down fat jobs in tbo ministry or the schoolroom. Wnuketun, III., women nre protesting against the election law which provides thnt the curtains on voting booths shall full not less thnn twenty-four inches nbove the lloor. so thn( ut least two feet of u voter's legi mny be observed from the outside. They want the curtains lower. It probably hasn't occurred to them to weur longer bkirts. When n seven-jenr-old girl wns djing iu ii local hospital for hick of blood und the doctors wore looking around for volunteers for blood transfusion an interne said: "Why waste time? Take mine." .lust like thai And the girl's life was wived. There in t u darned frill about the modern hero. I he hero businesb is ns commonplace ns paper hanging. Miss June Allen told thp Pennsvlvnnm League of Women Voters thnt before (her could hope for tlio pnssnge of "revenue raisers" they would have to "raise a rinn pus" iu Hurrisburg. There, now ! Uelind a slllj notion thut only married women knew the viitue of the rumpus us n reveiui" raiser. Instead of which oil, well, it in"" l,e intuition. The executive secretury of the t'iiiiiij Christian College, returning to America and viewing tlio poster ami billboard advertising, ionics to the conclusion that our uiur.il t""e hns lowered. We take comfort in Loin." fellow. Things are not what they siein. The world is still fair: nnd humankind. iK spite some of Its outward iiiniilfi'sliitioiis, i . we are convinced, btlli sound and sweet. A Detroit chef charged with healing lit' wife was released by tlio court wl"'1.1 ", pleaded that she served him ineiiN unl . " eat. Mny your I or plouse, we llilnu i" court erred. The cliunccs aro he set u standard she was nimble to reach, owJ"li much she tried. There would hayc bn moro justilU'titiou If she had, beaten hini u cause he did not cook the meals hiniseii' k ., . is.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers