ii ' 'rtjv.i T ... ."'.- J "? ,''V j -iV, m. , -iui , I'M .1 s, v .& 'W "V ... -IT V. A fc m fir; & Kucmim mnmxt nzaazK ' PUDLIO LEDGER COMPANY i Ifi . CYltUS IL K. CtmTIS. PnKalDtNT 'VCharlea II. Ludlnaton. Vie Prealdentl John C. Ueneral ll'ilne Mnir , arun, uecrotary una rrcmuren rniup . coiiim, , A fj. jfthn II. Wllllama, Jiihn .1. Hpurseun, IHrectora. ', fttAJr" ISDiaXJHIAIj llOAHDi Wit Civ II. K. C'ditii, Chairman iHi''AV!0 E. SMlt.KY Editor f JOHN C. MAItTIN .. Ll,u Publlhe1 dally at Toilic Ltwta DulUlnc uirf- tnilenendetico Hquare. Philadelphia. V'VU,ttAMio Cltr rre.Inlon Hutidlnc 'clf" York 301 MadUon Ave. VWufcnioiT.i, TOI Ford HullJInt ? rav Sir." Lotil.. 1009 F Merlon HulUlnr "i -lOCjHOAOO, 1302 3itun Dultdina c. JNYrt . wn.tva iirmnvtTfa, ,iM'j Wasntttorns; ncitFAC m ni ?. W. V!. riit niiHnivlvinU Xvm nti 14th Rt. RV anJjKW Yokk DniRAO ;....Ttia Hun nul1dln Ihli JO fcONDOM nmnAti , London rmr fcf-' The Btkniso Pcntic Ltpoeii Is aervea to eub let " tcrUier! In PhllaileloMa and aurroundtnc town t IN rate nf twelve (12) centa per week, parablo wjnf earner. . tl- mnll tn'twlnta nu'nldo of Philadelphia. In he United Rmtei Canada, r l'nltctl S(at" pea- the United Rtntei. Caned. aa'nna. pnntaire frr. f ftv ,.") centa r'r month. Klv f tm .IaIIavw m. Kawal1 In ftilvflnri To all foln cnnntrla on ffl) dAllnr a month, NOTtpr Suhacribcra wtuhlna; addrea chnnrM moat clve old aa wrll aa new nddrrss HELL. JOM WALNUT KIJYSTONE. MAIN S00 1J. PJiHrMi nil rommiifflfn-dOM lo pvttitno. PubUo .5 Jirdarr. InllrpftH'C ttnunrr PMlnitlvMa Hv: Member of the Aosoclatcd Prcs h:t Tim AnnoriA.TKn mesh h ci'ii jiv i. i'KT ''' 'o " f or rfPHbKcoUon o all nwa ' a?lpafchr crtdlt'd to (t or not olnrrHHte crfditfd in thlt paprr, and al.io the local nfic puMlinrit JW All riolifa o r'P!itft(loii o pal illpntcn nrrrln nre nUo trrTvd riiltidclphit, CJntlJr. ffplfinbff A, PIO A rorn-VKAit i'itnonn ion iiiiKAnr.i.riUA TMnra an which thr people exprx-t the new ndmlnlatrntlon to roneentrntr ll nttrnlloni Tht Dtlavart rivtr oi-idot, A drvdock bla enouoi lo acoommoaate tht larottt Mp, . , . ... Development of tha rapid tranjlt jyitem. X convention hall, A butldlnp tor tht Tree Library. An Art Jfueeum, Talaruement 0 the iratrr etipplu. tomes to accommodate the population. FACTIONALISM IN LOAN BILLS INDICATIONS linvc not been wantliiR that the A'nre forces proimxcil to Hwlng a Club over tho ndminlstrntion'.s proRriim for a popular loan. The first display of tactics In this maiicuvcriiiR- of city finances appears in Councilman Oaffucy's sudden Introduction of n $110,000,000 loan bill jch tcrday. The Mayor regards thin action ns an attempt to embarrass him and to force a "deal" for the purpose of obtaining tile two-thirds ote required for the passnee of a loan ordinance. Councilman (Saffnoy blandly maintains timt the hill is offered In the ordinary course of legislation. The situation provides a test of the sin cerity of the so-called Vare members of City Council. They can cither discuss the items for the loan bill in the light of the public interest or they can stnud put on factionalism and wreck all plans for public improvements. WILLIAM'S TOWER OQJ0Mfi courageous friend of humanity IO eager to do a service for his kind ought Nito hustle up through the City Hall tower and bore a little hole in the statue of William Pcnn to learn whether that massive figure is . wade of metal or plaster of Paris, of bronze y or putty. People who pass in and out of the court jjnrd of the public building every day will read with mingled feelings of the fifteen tons cf rusted iron bolts and jutting ornaments recently removed from the upper sections of the tower, (treat musses of these iron pro jections were rotted through and ready to fall. Those same bolts and "jutting orim- Wlnla" w ri tmfmneixl in hr lirnnT.p. lifffltlm Q bronze is not weakened or destrojed by the paction of the elements. Ami, since bronze Jtri," - was Provided for in the specifications, a (fjr ' -itudy of the records probably would show mac me city paid lor it. The City Hall always was and alwnyu will be a white elephant of large dimensions. The actual cost of its upkeep is appalling. Work was started on the building in'ISTl. There are parts of the interior that are not jet finished. If the time is coming when, be cause of the sins of vanished politicians, the tower will have to be braced up with poles we .might as well get rid of it at once. Tor there is one grent disadvantage about the ' ' $ City Hall. It will not make even a pictur- 1 esque ruin. GLOUCESTER'S WOEFUL FERRY TtrHEX the directois of the Philadelphia- VV Gloucester ferry announced that they - Tyould abandon their business rather than try Ii to meet a demand for a wage increase formu lated bj their employes they announced what is in effect u strike of employer'. It N one 21of the first strikes of the kind to bo declared in this part of the country anil, on the ' .'.J, whole. It is difficult to quarrel with the ' strikers. There appears to be good ground for their assertion that an attempt to .meet the. proposed wage schedule out of pre-ent revenues would lead them straight to bank- r jiruptcy. The Gloucester ferry nan long hauls and a .'f r latlvely slim patronage. The Camden boats ' take all the profitable bu-inr. Indeed, the A two big companies whlh opcinto from Chestnut and Market streets could divide .liberally with tl.eir poor relation faither ifj noil tli and still not go to the wall. ' If the Gloucester firry is actually aban doned, it will be because u very important Utility is still unregulated. The Gloucester lines might be likened to a street-car route through a thmh populated citv area. Yet the Philadelphia Uiipid Transit Companv could not operate many of its submbun lines without the revenues that reach it from the profitable slioit hauls in crowded sictiuns, nryiTbe ferry service ought properly to be organized under ientrul direction, with a aJrYicw to efficient service. Tint a Iieitei mm hi will be found, of course, in a bridge. HOOVER, THE REALIST HE1UJEUT HOOVEK'S nssertion. made nt the Iafayette-Marne Day exercises at West Point, that both of the great politi ieal parties favored the principle of common Jf nttlon underlying the League of N'atious is . '.typical of n mcutality unclouded by narrow BtortisanMhln. w' Vast numbers of Americans nmlil the heat of n nuMtlenl caranalen lack such imnn IJ J thought. j 1 eriiu rAaitlf tu (tint fnr knvnrnl ntl.n .1.. league principle has been obscured by n j,'Bmoke screen composed of delusory elements. .', The argument has often departed fiom essen tials and has had its roots in political sensi tiveness. As nn Issue, therefore, the League of Nations is by all odd tno most unsuitable that lias ever ciu'rea into u presidential r battle, In the Idea back of a co-operativo Vchmp on behalf of world peace theic is ,3Uj "( ,opuis either exclusively Kepublican or i'KeKtluslvely Democratic, It Is on points of r iVUxcntlon and technicalities, sometimes highly I .fl .nnerflrlal. thnt. tho nnrties differ h' Af.er the election it is almost inevitable 2y ttsr much of this shamming and posturing W vifi disappear. The league covenant, as Mr, 3 jlnrdlng emphatically realizes, is intimately bpund np in tho Treaty of Versailles. f. TfnnlflffUPil hr visions nt nolttlonl rnml.l a. ,l" shJk.- In n major campaign, it can hardly be LS.1iaitd, that a seme of UUe jkOJl govern tho actlodg of both the executive and the legislative arms of tho government. Tho prevailing sentiment of the nation, I lie demagogic Heeds, Johnsons and Horahs aside, is certainly not averse to attempting a program looking toward a diminution of v nrs, Something of the Bort will, of course, he advocated by the winner in the contest. As a Kepublican, Mr. Hooer believes that hU party will attain the result with a minimum of friction and without sacrificing Inherent American rights. Hut he is not fooled by the specious chnrges and counter charges which partake so noisily of the character of political stage thunder. FIDDLING WITH TRIFLES WHILE A GREATER ISSUE WAITS Mr. Bryan Thinks a "Dry" Congress More Important Than One Capable of Handling the Greatest Eco nomic Question In the Na tion's History jVTH. IIHVAN wants to subordinate every J.U. N,,. tlp congressional elections to the dry issUc. He has announced that he will devote himself to urging the election of a two-thirds mnjority of "dry" congress men so that a icto of legislation to make more drastic the regulations for enforcing the prohibitory amendment may bo over ridden and so that a President who docs not enforce the new laws may be Impeached. This program docs credit to the moral earnestness of Mr. Bryan, but it exhibits his Inability to appreciate the most pressing problem which will come before the new Congress for solution. The ratification of the prohibitory amend ment and the passage of the Volstead law have satisfied most of the friends of tern pernnce. They know that it will be a long time before the illicit dealing in llqubr will be suppressed and the rest of us know that the business of suppressing It belongs to the executive rather than to tho legislative branch of the government, nnd that popular opinion, which cannot be coerced, will gradually back the executive officers until there will be few men so rash as to engage in bootlegging in any form. Tho people prescribed the remedy for the liquor evil when they, through the stato Legislatures, ratified the constitutional amendment. Congress ndmlnistcred tho remedy when it passed the Volstead law. The patient is under treatment and is doing as well as could he expected under the cir cumstances. The lawmakers can now turn their attention to other things. The llqi'or question has been settled in principle, but nothing has been done to read, just tho United States to the revolutionary economic conditions produced by the war. That readjustment will tax to its utmost all the economic wisdom of Congress If it is to he (ffectcd without disaster. The first step iu the task will be the drafting of a new tariff law framed in the light of the new conditions. All our old tariff ideas must be put in solution the ideas of the extreme protectionists along with those of the extreme free traders because the state of facts to which the new law must apply is unlike any other which hns hitherto confronted us Dr. John M. Mncfarlanc, of the Com mercial Museum, reminded the public in aa Interview printed on this page jesterday that the United States is no longer a debtor nation and that the imports have been increasing rapidly since the war rntil thej reached the enormous sum of ?.").J.'IS.OOO,000 for the fiscal year ending on June 30. A tariff law suitable to a debtor nation Is not suitable to a creditor nation. Wc have lent billions to Europe and we arc selling to Europe billions more than she Is selling to us. If the balance of trade continues to grow at the present rnte it will not be many years before our debtors will find themselves un able to pay us. and there will be a crash. Our debtors today find It difficult to pay for what they buy. This is one of the reasons why they ure shipping their goods to us in larger quantities than ever before. The European nations which nre slowly rehabilitating their industries nre forced it it by the pressure of their creditors on this side, of the ocean as well as by their eager ness to get back into the normal peace conditions. Thej must ry for what they buy from us nnd thej must pay the interest on w hat they have bon owed. The new tariff law must be framed In such a 'way as to permit us to collect what is owed us nbrond. We have never before faced such a condition. The Kepublican tariff laws have been drafted with the sole purpose of protecting American industries regardless of the rest of the world. McKinley perceived the need of a modification of this policy as long ago as IJ'01. when he made his famous last pooch at the lluffalo fair. lie saw that the time hail come when we must consider the markets of the world in which to sell the surplus products of our factoiies. ISut today we must consider ways for opening our own markets to foreign pro. ducers so thnt the ref of the world may pav what it owes us. ami we must nlso consider the way to do it without injuring our own industries, which have grown up under the protective system. The Democratic tariff laws have been ftamed on the theory that the protective, principle was pernicious and must bo mltl. gated as much ns possible in its application. We had n brilliant illustration of what happen rnder Democratic laws when soup houses were opened in all the large cities of the country In the winter of lOl.'Ml utter the Democratic Congress, under urglrg from Pi evident Wilson, passerl n law intended to put the foreign producer on nn equalltv with the American producer in the domestic markets. If the war had not Intervened to shut off importations from Europe tho Democratic policies would have worked themselves out so perfectly that the country could not have been persuaded for nnother generation to trust Its affairs to that party. The solvency of the country is di pendent on the way Congress approaches this great question. A mistaken low would close thi) grent factories in Kensington, right here in 1'hlladclphia. and It would throw out of cmplojment hundreds of thousands in the mnnufiicturlng centers on the Atlantic sei tionid from New England westward amf southward. It is unthinkable thnt a Kepublican Con gress could so far forget its duty to domestic industries ns to wreck thorn. It is equnllj unthinkable that a Kepublican Congress would be so Ignorant of international trado as to pass a law which would make it imposible for our foreign debtors to pay what they owe vs. The first duty nf the leaders of the new Congress will bo to formulate a policy based on the revolutionar'1 conditions in which we find ourselves. That policy must include. ft.'h-j..Vl -A icasouable protectlon.for American working men pad women iu their jobs through pro tection to tho goods' which they produce, nnd it must include nlso reasonable regulations for tho admission of foreign products sent here In payment of debts. How to put this policy into a law will require the expert advice of tho most skilled economists and business Oien in tho country, committed to the proposition that wc must adjust oiTselves to prevailing conditions rather than apply any academic theory of trade. Theory Is all ery well in its place, but practical sense Is needed in tho emer gency which wo nre approaching, Merc consideration of the issue should stretch the imagination nnd strengthen the purposes of every congressman and force him to do his best to measure up to his obliga tions. No more stupendous economic prob lem ever confronted a legislative body. To think that legislation enforcing the prohibitory amendment to the constitution is to be compared with it In Importance is to fail utterly to comprehend what has been Kolng on In the world in the last six years. COAL AND MR. PALMER THE sudden exposure, through Colonel McCain's dispatches to this newspaper, of unbridled profiteering in the hnrd coal industry had one happy aud Immediate result. You hear less cheerful talk of fur ther advances" from anthracite producers and distributors. . It Is highly Improbable that the price ot hard coal will be incrensed, though a good many operators seem to have been thinking of higher prices. Lower rates, which cjeMV nre warronted, may be announced if At torney General Palmer can be persuaded to ue the power of his ofilcc and of cxlstlnB laws In the interest of the general public. Mr. Palmer had good reason to know what was going on In tho anthracite industry. He had the example of the bituminous pro ducers nlways before hiin. Many of the conditions that made extortion the rule for a time in the soft coal markets arc dupli cated in the anthracite fields of production nnd distribution. But It happens that the large purchasers of soft coal are big and efficient Industrial organizations whose man agers know how to look after their own interests. They compelled n showdown when It was apparent that they were being bled bv the middlemen nnd gamblers, and they compelled Mr. Palmer to direct a gen roi liniis-oolenulnir. Bituminous conl dropped $3 a ton within a few months. It is greatly to the credit of some of the larger producers and distributors that they fought the sharks In the soft coal business ns determinedly as the attorney general fought them after he hnd been driven Into action. Thej sought to keep their business respectable. Tho oiganized strength which big business organizations brought to the fight against bituminous profiteers cannot be counted upon in the campaign for reasonable anthra cite prices. Hnrd coal is bought directly by individual consumers, who ennnot or ganize if they would. Between them nnd the robber barons stands the attorney gene ral. Thanks to one newspaperman, who could not be bluffed or bullied, detailed information relntive to the conditions which have made almost a national scandal of the anthracite business Is now in Mr. Palmer's possession. And we shall sec what we shall see. NEW RULE IN MEXICO GENERAL ALVAKO OBKEGON, re garded r.8 t "strong man" and ns a friend of the United States, wus elected president of Mexico on Sunday. His vic tory nt the polls was expected, for It is his faction, to which do la Iluerta belongs, that now controls the southern republic. Tho rival candidates were Domingucz, represent ing, it is said, the conservative clement, and Miranda, whose sanity Is suspected. Whether these men were victims of a new machinery of dictatorship cannot of course be proved conclusively until detailed accounts of the election arc available. Hut precc elents in Mexican politics are ominous. It is unfair to Central and South Amer ican chninctcr to regard it as hopelessly in capable of political reformation. Civil war lias reigned in Mexico since 1013. There have been heartening evidences lately that disturbance had about reached the point of exhaustion. That the administration of Obregon, no matter under what auspices instnllid, will succeed In preserving order and restoring progress to Mexico is the genuine wish of nil North American friends of the neighbor roiniT lie. What we have a right to demand of Mexico is decent, civilized rclutious. If Obregon can lestore them on the basis al ready obvious in tho excellent work of de lu Iluerta the chances that soi..cthing like ical democracy will emerge from the new presi dent's rule will be appreciably enhanced. WHO CAN HE BE? PARTISANS given to pointing with pride nnd viewing with alarm usually differ upon the particular objects of their appro bation ami disapproval. Up in Reading, where the Pcunsjlvnnia Letter Carriers' Association is holding its eighth annual convention, there is, however, one topic upon which both Democratic and Republican denunciation 1b fused. "I am confident," declared Edward J. Gaiuor, president nf tho sessions and a Democrat, "that Cox will not retain this autocrat in his cabinet." Aside from the extravagant implication of Democratic victory, tho prophecy is slg fleant as a fervent hope expressed by n victim. The note of defianre to oppression is nlso sounded In the forecast thnt "No matter who is elected President in Novem ber, n certain government department 'head' must walk the plank." Wc shall offer no prizes for disclosure of tho name of this cabinet officer. Paying tjie Innumerable winners would be a costly business. Japan's exports are increasing daily. So long as the western world continues to occupv itself with wars and strikes the commercial development of Asia will pro ceed with astonishing speed. Dempsey got more than $75,000 for knocking Miske out. The report of the fight mokes it appear thut the country is full of men who would have done the job for one hundredth part of tho money. In five years, remarks the lloston Globe, the number of restaurants in New York has tripled. To which might be added that the charges have also tripled. Socialists oppoe the League of Nations. Is there an) thing that Socialists do not op pose? It is when Hill Tllden's piny is most "offensive" that his fellow townsmen take tho keenest delight in its results. Now it Is the City Council which pro poses un additional tax on gasoline. Why don't they take the cars and be done with it? A profit is never without honor in Uod's country. I 1 f,ffifr.ffi( .vyt.ifa-. JCa-Jlia' A1-. FLOWERS OF THE FALL Take on Glorious Hues to Stir the Activities of Sluggish Insect Pollon Carriers NATURE doesn't wait till September 21 to start tho fall season officially. Already autumn Is on in the suburbs nnd country if ouo takes the flowers, Instead ot the nlmnnac, as the criterion; even in city lots u stray goldcnrod puts a Mldas-touch to the jungle of ragweed. In formal gardens the big white hydrangeas are lifting their opulent beauty, dahlias arc nblow, and even the pompous chrysanthemums nre preparing to break Into bloom. Hut the richness of fall Uowcring Is in the outlying districts nnd the parks, both of which Phlladelpfila possesses In plenty and In accessibility for the hiker or the motorist or even tho trolley-car traveler. Autumn wlldflowcrs hereabouts arc many and readily recognizable with n little guidance. To be on speaking terms with thcra is well worth the trifling troublo of a little "preparedness." As Richard Jcffcrics says: "The first conscious pleasure! about wlldflowcrs is to find out thqlr names. Once you wish to Identify them, nothing escapes, not even the chlckwccd of tho path or the moss on the walk." WILDFLOWERS of the fall have several noticeable characteristics. Lavish col oring, broadly brushed on, marks the sea son's floral pictures. This Turnercsque tint ing is to attract the attention of the insects, already sated by the honeyed treasures of the summer. Corollas, or llornl envelopes, are gorgeous, their purely decorative purpose be ing to "vamp" the insects that bear the fertilizing pollen from blossom to blossom. Insect life is on the wnnc as fall enters and so n special lure is needful. The preponderance of yellow is another trait of autumnal blooming; Its massed splendors draw the philandering insects. Pre dominance of flowers of tho composite fam ily is a final token of the season to it belong tho daisy, dandelion, aster and goldcnrod, the blossoms of which nre not unitary but an aggregation of flowers In each individual bloom. Tho aureate hue of the goldcnrod sew the hillsides aglow, lightens the thickets', gloom, brightens brooksldes and beautifies even humble stretches of road. It is the most plentiful of our wildflowcrs, both in variety nnd in mass effect. More than eighty species are native to this country. Hereabouts the common varieties are the lanceolate, so labeled on account of tho shape of the leaves; the scented, with its somewhat elusive aniseed odor, and the hairy, with its readily recognized hairy stalk. OP THE prevalent autumn yellow, too, is the bur-mnrigold, n tricksy wilding that travels under several aliases. As stick tight, pitchfork nnd beggar-stick it is familiar in various localities, from Its hnbit of attaching its burrs to the clothing. Thus it is carried to pastures new, for tho burrs are really scedpods and the pnsserby the ngent of transmission. This is one of nature's tricks of seed distribution. Gray calls the flower "homely." He said some thing. The dandelion, Lowell's "dear common flower of childhood." may well be Included in the autumn list, for its blossoms nre among the latest, as they are nmong the earliest of the year. Other jellow flowers are the low -lying snapdragon, called buttcr-nnd-eggs by the children; the conc-llowcr, often known ns the blnck-cjed Susan, with its genuinely handsome flowers surmount ing a tall, erect stem, and the rare evening primrose, whose faint fragrance is diftusi'ii only nt nightfall, when it opens. There is nnother yellow flower cnlicd the black -eyed Susan, a low-growing plant, also more familiarly known ns the yellow daisy. Some of the gorgeous mallows of the marsh are also jellow ; they arc also found in white aud pink. THE gentians are the most beautiful and the asters the most abundant of the bluc-nnd-purple group. The former, like the spring arbutus, hns of late years become very, very rare. The fringed variety to those who reach the secret of Its sequcsteicd haunt is the most beautiful flower of the season. It is more familiar through Bryant's classic poem than through actual acquaintance: Thou waltcst late and com'st alone, When woods are bare and birds are nown, And frosts and short'nlng clays portend Tho nged ear in at his end. Those who know It will concede the poet's nscrlption : Blue blue aa If the sky let fnll A flower from Its cerulean wall, for its color is as celestial as anything on earth may well be. Not so fine or cerulean is its cousin -in-science, the clubbed gentian, but it is no mean flower. Its blue crnolla, its club shape and its characteristic cloture give the flower the aspect of being n bud. It, too, is fond of the deep woods. Asters vie with goldcnrod in plenitude and surpass it in color with a spectrum ranging from whitish through laendcr gray to reddish purple. The tints are almost innumerable. The asters' mases of variegated and profuse bloom redden or em purple their fa voice! localities of watered hillsides or marshy hollows and turn many waste spots to pictorial beauty. Of the composite, the bloom unites many florets on n common herd. There lire many species. Around here the commonest nre the New England, to be distinguished by a finely hairy stem, and the heart-leaved kind, carrying its identification in the shape of the leaves. THE joc-pyc-weed has flowers, pinkish flowers, and is found on cylindrical heads from clamp meadows to drv uplands. The pokeweed is conspicuous with its garnet stained stalks five feet or more in height, set against a woodland background. The stnghorn sumac Is another gorgeously foliaged plant. Its clusters of brilliant red berries nre n sign of safety as against its poisonous vnrietj. The following little rhyme la a good test to safeguard wayfaiers from resort to sugar of lead water ; Berries red Have no dread ; Berries white. PolsonouB sight ; Leases three Quickly flee, the final Injunction applying to the poison ivy, which is dnngerously attractive this time of year, when its trefoil leaves arc changing color to resplendent autumn tones that rival the glories of the maples and oak soon to come. THE floral largess of autumn is rich. It js not n time of decadence and melancholy, desnlte the nlnints of siincr-sentiiiietitnl m',,i gently pessimistic poets but u season of opulence nnd ample variety. It is tho tide of fruition nnd harvest. Its treasures in the hills and uplands, meadow levels and woodlands about I'hiladelphin are easily available; they bring a fine and manifold reward to the seeker. He wins both sym pathetic linowlcdeo of nature for his mind and cxerciso for his bod). BEECIIIFOOVS m That have with ageless unsulsh slowly risen From enrth's still secret prison Into the ampler prison of nery blue. Your voice I hear, flowing the valleys through After the wind thnt tramples from the west. After tho wind your boughs in new unrest Shake, nnd your voice one volco uniting voices A thousand or a thousand thousand flows Like the winds moody; glad when he rejoices In swlft-succeedlng and diminishing blows, And drooping when declines death's ardor in his breast; Then over him exhaustod, weaving the soft fan-like noises Of gentlest creaking stems and soothing leaves Until he rest, And silent, too, your casled bosom heaves, J, Freeman, in Poems OJd and Now, NOW MY IDEA IS THIS! Daily Talks With Thinking Philadelphiaiis on Subjects They Know Best DR. FRANK D. WATSON On Education Outside of School "TTIDUCATION must provide cnvloninent Hi for the child, then stand aside and let that child choose his own life work." This is the opinion of Dr. Frank D. Wat son, director of tho Pennsylvania School for Social Service, nnd nsociate professor of social work at Havcrford College. In pref acing his remarks, Doctor Watson modestly observed that he considered the fact that he Is the father of three hoys a better quali fication than his degrees or his social service work in tn'kiug on the subject of children and their education. Doctor Watson declared that the old fashioned Idea of deciding n child's profes sion before he Is nble to wnlk is rapidly dying out, nnd nn Intricnte system of vocational guidance is taking its place. "Vocational guidance Is very Important," remarked Doctor Watson, "but it is also very difficult, nnd can easily work harm instead of good. A fivc-mlnute interview with an individual cannot decide into what groove he or she will fit, any more thnn the old decision of the parents cculd direct the destinies of their baby. Every individual is so very different, and so very complex in make-up, that there must be caieful and prolonged study of every cbbc. "I would perconally like to sej a fi-ast of intellect spread before every child, nnd have him nble to chooso nmong any number nf grooves into which to fit his life. This ennnot, however, be, hut education can en deavor so to fix the child's surroundings that he will be in n position to make his own choice. In nine cases out of ten that choice will be the best one that could possibly be made. At all events, don't push him. "It is becoming a more and more widely recognized fact that the 'case sjstem' is the most successful, but that 'case system' en tails the careful btudy of every child, from every angle and for n considerable period of time. Must Have Smaller Classes "Wo have gone a long way from the old fashioned theories of education, nnd I urn not at all pessimistic, but we have a long wny still to go. Maximum progress cannot ever be mnde until classes of fifty and sixty are reduced to twenty nnd twenty-five. Then, nnd only then, can the proper atten tion he pnid to individuality. "There nre several popular misconceptions of educution that the 8th of September and the opening of the schools bring to mind; one of them is thnt the children will be re commencing their education at 0 a. ni., September 8, "Education Is n continuous process from the cradle to tho grave with no interrup tions. Some one is credited with snjing, half seriously, that he was thankful thnt he hod been sent to sihool but three months ench year, na It had left him nine mouths for his education. I repeat this thonght, al though I stand second to none hi the hom age I pny to the school teachers of America. "This rcmaik means today thnt if tho wholo boy or the whole girl is to be educated, the school must supplement the teaching of the three It's by enlarging its curriculum to Include much that was formerly taught in tho home, on the farm or at the work-bench of his father, Wc hnve bodies as well ns minds. We live In a world of concrete things ns well us of ideas. Both sets of facts must be constantly kept in mind. Educa tion bus, the three-fold purpose of making tho boys and girls more efficient producers, more efficient parents nnd moro efficient citizens. The last two am much tho hardest to inculcate lu their minds. "I did not mention '0 a. m.' without thought. Education is a process that be gins with our waking moments and con tinues until wo lose consciousness in sleep Mndtimo Montessori hns well said, 'To dress n child is the work of n servant; to touch that child to dress himself is tho work of an educator.' This applies after and be fore school hours, ns well ns during them. Enthusiasms Are Necessary "In Bhort. the home must still do much edututlonnl work if the finest type of per sonallty Is to be developed, and only throuch that finest type of personality pan we hnve the state of things which will enable the child to be able to choose his own llfo work and work out his own salvation with sue-' less, "It Is i personality that counts hi the long run, and this is a combination of a well "I CAN'T DO THIS SUM!" Ait' ordered mind, a warm sympathy nnd under standing of others least like ourselves, and nn abounding cntliusinsm. 'Do what you like, but do it with your whole heart nud soul' is n better principle in education than mental discipline for discipline's sake. De vi'loii genuine interests and effort will take care of Itself. Boys and girls should be al lowed to develop enthusiasms. "Some one has well said that we are all like safety matches, awaiting contact with tho right box to set us aflame. "If your child is npatnetic in school, look first to his health and then study his In dividuality to insure his getting the right opportunities and aid for his mental nnd spiritual growth. Teachers with fifty or sixty to a class cannot do this, "There arc now three phases In educa tion which must be watched. One Is the phj-sical condition of the child, which, ns much as is possible, is being nttended to. Another Is tho mental side us brought out In psychological tests, recently instituted in this city. The third is hard to express in a pluasc, hut it comes back to the same old story of individuality, and the ntudy of dif ferent cases so that no square pegs will bo fitted into round Loles. "As I hnve said before, this is very diffi cult. The child is n delicate organism nnd must be allowed to unfold ns much as pos sible by itself. It is the child's environ ment that must be watched and cared for so that he cun express iu the best wny his own individuality." Tho Natlonnl Federation of Federal Emplojcs, meeting lu St. Louis, advocates n survey of government positious designed to weed out useless ones. A commission of that kind might nlso find some useful work to do in Philadelphia county. Peace in Ireland, it is asserted, is blocked by the cxistenco of armed forces, and the obvious deduction that war couldn't get along without them is thus emphasized anew, A prominent Nebrnskan to a certain political natty: "I will never desert jou. curse you!" ' ' Apropos of the all-water route to Gloucester, one thing sadder than n pathetic ferry service jsjio ferry service nt all. There isn't any first aid for crowds gassed by n political candidate. WhatDoYouKnmo? QUIZ 1. Which Is the more northerly city, Conen- Imcen or Moscow? v-uien- 2. Wh.il Is Damascene ware? I. What wus tlw nationality of th two celebrated painters named Holbein? gondola? UCCeIU fn" '" ,ho "or'1 6. From wh.it Is linseed oil produced' fi. How many millions make n milliard? 7 hy aie donkey engines so cnlled? s. What mythical animal, largely renre- 0. Wlm wi 10. What Is a bursar? Answers to Yesterday's Qui 1 Thrcn cities, New York. Chlcnim ., i Philadelphia, contain about oVff-tenth States enU? I,OI,u,a,lon tlwynltsll 2. "The cup that cheers but not Inebriates" , A &' n0nneM7he CU"a " 3. A chnsubl Is u short back and breimt euS'lst.0' U, CeUbrnnt ""rl 4. Tho world's record of the fiiBtest mile. Vn"rr, r,Un .h.y 'l I'orso was acnleiccl In seconds6 tlm na" l mlnut SH-t 0. Tho three ancient Greek ilmmnii,,. whom nlono to . mplete plais sntv of S' SLBllJ. furLonKa make, a mile. 1url"lllPS' 7' ThS .517' ,or "J. M"a'r'e was fou.ht 8. Abraham brahnm Lincoln marrUd Marv taa a?' "ot T,s,rof Tho Geneva gown Is dellned , , block d low churchtnei ..,. "win uy in i ni.. 10 ll 111 111 lie pulpit morgannlle mania re Is cr. Ii'tween man oi ex.uteu rani; iir-d ,,,?'''. lower rank who remain, .her"' thinSSiAABM A-si , he oB.nrlni"nfth.,lle?n" ..,.,e?5?1 ..! Mt.0iSVh-p"'K SHORT CUTS What Cox seems to be suffering from h' uays lever. Wonder if the missing "quota" li' waiting lor a suopoenaY With the assistance of the Dempstj list jiisko Docamc Mixed. Sooner or Inter "some class!" will ceaii' to be words of commendation. What tho New York? authorities setm to need is not power but traction. The 8-5 vent was open wide enough ft aumit a stirring talo ot heroism. An Old Soak nowadays is ono Trh.1 moistens nis rye bread with tears. Well, the kiddles know tho worst by tUi time. Atr school ain't so bad at that. Tf Tlrrnn ftivnllnira tlio 'T.nnr-nn of "i. tlons It wfll be with grape juice as a cbastr. Concerning Cox's corners, it may be that the campaign will rub some ot tben oil. The high cost of city government In evitably suggests that there arc Borne prof iteers in county ouiccs. The New York American is still shriek ins about tho Yellow Peril. Part of the yel low peril is in the shrieking. As Governor Cox sees his "quota" cm-mine nc iooks with envious eyes, p- cuance, on ronzrs liabilities. The trouble with tho Cox charges campaign material is that they are 1cm I reflection on Republican campaigners than uu me gencrni intelligence oi Aniericaa voters. Tho fact that a tenth of the nnnulatioo of the United States is in tho three largest cities is fairly good evidence that the "bacl( to the land" cry has not been insistent enough to he ciicetlve. The sun of prosperity is peering over tb horizon in Mexico. Tho land having been cleared of lawlessness by do la Iluerta, there is joyous promise that Obregon will b uuiu io rear a responsible and capable ! eminent. Gencrni Tnne Is rnnnrted tn he nre- paring to Invade Ivwamts . Wi would nrob- ubl) treat the subject more seriously than we do if the proper names did not suggest the savor, or tang, us It were, of corok- operu or cnop suey. Director Cnven discourses eloquently on im lcuioini of defective nuts from or low William Penn's statue. While we hare grown to believe thnt they wouldn't be nuti if they weren't defective we heartily indorse their removal. Now let the good work M uxiciHicti to mo county otuccs. The kllllnc of n child nt Trenton bv tat nccldentnl discharge of n shotgun leads Ne Jersey Fish and Game Department official! to declare that they will strictly enforce tot Mine law which prohibits foreigners iro posn'sslng firearms; which leads to the natu ral conclusion thnt nn earlier decision" enforce the law might have saved the littw one s uie. It may bo that Perley Christen" shows bnd taste in attacking tho "Wn street government." Class government V alwnjs bad, but perhaps n government ot financiers Is no worse than n Farmer-Law' goi eminent. Happily we have neither, M so fnr hnve been able to worry along "1". nn American government, a government nil the people nnd not ol ono particuu' cinss. We lew with interest and some faf'l tho movement inaugurated In Pittsburgh reprove the profiteering restaurateur W toting a lunch. The full dinner pail l rich and poor alike may thus once mow necomi' nu economic If not n political mu" Hut we view- with somo nlnrm the rem;' of Miss Helen Grimes, president of tn Congress of Women's Clubs. "If the worn" once determine to pack lunches," she "h; "the men will enrry them nil right." '" are Inclined to ndmit tho truth of the nJ' tlnn, hut that isn't wiiut's troubling us, TM winter ot our discontent and deep i" Imdinir Is timt .i wnmnn lunfroc thn aihnll' shui. If she now announces tjje fact ji'J once she sninntlicd It over (nnd ollletin, even went to the length of pe'sHiindlmS " Hint wc wrio the whole w!t'i, lu j what becomes of the alleged cquullty of .WWJttolVp, ,rJ. y, 4i p,. UWta ma
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers