';i-mq ' . p- -- 'www.rHWirM i" i t." ii - . i . .ij i " VV i f l' t , 5 ,vlt J '4"V ..' , ''T1? &mst86 PiMo' tEMiaLV-PHlT MM"', .. CW ?;&&' w 'q'iT"' f At m ess si k B"i M tJK IV h m L..J .. f- : ii : Stfentn$ PubJicHeDgcr 1 & " PUBLIC LEDGER COMPANY ' crnus it k. cuutis. rarsioNT , uQMrlM It Ludlnnton, Vie I'rmldent: John O. Ifytln, Secretary nnd Treeaurer; l'hlllp 8, Colllna. . f JmB WIIHeme, John 'J. Spurnpon. Dlrwlon, vfc KDITORIAI UOAIiUl , , i ,-1 Ctnon II. K. Curria, Chairman frAVlD V, BM1LKY Hallor :.3NlftN C. MAItTIN .. Oeneral Hualnf'aa Mananer , j$"luMUhed dally at I'udlio Ltrtint Hulldlnc ' V7tfc& ' Independence Square, Philadelphia. tittMirmn ClTT Prraa-Vnlon Uulldlns , ,'JPr T01K , 304 Madison Ave. " TA1 t.-n,l llittt.llnw r, Lome 1008 Fuliertort liuiiaing . .."jHICiOO , 1.1Q2 Tribune Building ?,. NKW8 HUnKAUS: , AtHfXOTnN llcnrAU ' 1 - " K ttr. Pennsylvania Ave ant! 14th Bt 5iJVf ToK rtcnriD The Bun nulldtn VlAfHwtH IlCRiMtt. ... tondon Times HunscmiTioN tbumh The Kttnino I'linio LrrxiiCR Is served to eub Krlhera in Philadelphia and surrounding towns t the rate of twelve (12) cents rr week, payable to- the carrier. Ity mall to points outelde of Philadelphia. In the United Stales. Canarti. or United atatea pos esalons, poMairo free, flftv (SO) cents per month. 61 (IB) dollars per year, payable In advance To all forelen countries one (11) dollar a month, Notice Subscribe, wishing address changed Must give old ss well as new address. BEtL. J000 WALNl'T KEYSTONE. MAIV JOOO VAddress all rommtinlrnllins fo Kerning PuMlo 'Jcdgert wrfepemfrnce Square, Philadelphia Member of the Associated Press ""j TltK AHHOClATI.n PPK1H 1 rxrtmli rig en- 'Htlea to the use for republication of oil news tHepatches credited to it or not othrru-He credited (Ale paper, and also the local news published therein. Alt rlohlM of republication of special clfspaleArj Therein are alsareservrd rhllidflphli, Saturday, September 4, 1920 A rorit-Yi'n ritnmtAM ron riiiUMir.i.riiiA , Things on which the people expect the new admlnlMrnllon to concentrate Its attention: The Delaware river bridge. A drvdack bio enough to accommodate the largest ships. Development or the rapid transit system. A convention hall. A butldinp for the Free Library. An Art Museum. Enlargement of the u at er supplft. Monies to accommodate the population. THE MEASURE OF THE MAN LET'S look back a moment over the Democratic chargo of a Republican "slush fund." Mr. Cox himself began about three weeks mgo with vague talk about contributions from sinister interests. Then Frankle Roosevelt, taking the cue, ine too-cd with a yelp to the general effect that this fund amounted to $32,000,000. Encouraged by, hearing himself talk and seeing it widely printed, Mr. Pox finally blurted out n definite amount Slo.OOO.OOO more than cutting in half his second string associate's figure. Pinned down by the newspapers demand ing evidence, Mr. Cox promised to expose tver Republican villain and send htm to jail in his Pittsburgh speech, but when hn delivered it the amount had shrunk to n little more than $8,000,000. Advised by the Seunte investigators that they would welcome real proof. Mr. Cox sent, first. National Chairman White, a man of his own picking, and, second. National Treasurer Marsh, both of whom, although they went to the committee session directly from conferences with the presidential can didate himself, admitted that they had not the slightest knowledge of nny facts sup porting the rapidly dwindling charge. Then on Thursday, with u splurge in every Democratic organ, it was announced that fudge Moore, Mr. Cox's campaign manager at San Francisco, would spring the denoue tnent. He, too, jouriiejed to Chicago direct from the presence, but the further he got away from Columbus and the nearer to Chi cago, the less he knew, until in the city by tnc lake he told the repot ters that after ull ho conld only report hearsay nud had to whisper Republican names into the anxious Democratic ears of Senators Reed and Pom erene, who an members of the investigating body itself, have done jeoimtn but futile work to bolster up the Cox ebullitions. The only result of these tuctics has been to hold off the threatened issuance of a sub poena for Mr. Cox until too lute to catch him before he started hts long trip through the Vcst. For this respite Democrats will Rive much thanks, but it is hard! likely that the charges can be kept in suspended anima tion till after election duy. Next Tuesday the committee will resume its sessions, but the one man who. according to National Chairman White, knows wlint is back of the Cox charges, will not be pres ent as he should be in all manliness. lie Will be out West trjmg to sell the natives what Jny House tails inake-doctor medi cine. " That's the measure of the man foisted on the Democratic partv at the Golden (iate y Charley Murph, Tom Tuggurt, Jim Nu gent and George Rrennau ns u jierfect party nntldote to Mr. Wilson. Didn t they know how to pick? THE ZOO ENRICHED TYi THE acquisition of a giraffe, which '-' fortunately survived the long voyage of .a well stotked "ark" from South Africa, the Philadelphia Zoo repairs one of its few con spicuous deficiencies. A ihinoceros is still lacking, but otherwise the oldebt "gardens" of (heir kind in the Tinted Stotes may as sert that they arc still high among the fore most in their exhibits. Sv Yully half of the interesting live cargo ofthe Chinese Prince will soon be displayed in vur comprehensive unci well -managed zoo. Kawiralists may be expected to thrill oer the Klipspringer. the duiker, the bloss-bue5, the kudu uud the wildebeest, which are among the newcomers. Xhe layman has still considerable to learn about these animals, but his inteiest in the giraffe, ulthough perhaps unscientific, is spon taneous. The creature is extravaguutly pictur esque. CircusiH and. above all, circus posters would disappoint sorely without the presence of the tallest quadruped. The fact that he has A really awful time tuking a drink encourages the hope that the 700's particular specimen will feel at home in his quarters and adopted country. OVERPLAYING JAP "TENSION" THE cubles from Tokio solemn!) record the fact that no unfriendly demonstration was made against the American congressional junketers who have just iniudcd the Japa nese capital. Doubtless, were the situation SJ!? reversed and were nn official nnrtv of the riffKOn Mikado's representatives in the act of vVn swooping dow n on Washington, the Japuneso v.r2l?h.tiress would discourse imtiresMlvelv nn thn MrOne cuencc of nny hostile manifestations. BCa11lOfll ,,f ,lil,,i irifj tit ulmu' liiitt nliuii.JU OeUtlir l'rish Is Nipponese! opinion about America Lmoind vice versu The whole sltuution has, in lUSKact, been grossly overstated, nnd not the 11 .' is, ,l vliltnitlitliu .if find, nmn iin,i!Liltn.. I.. u CQ-fr ab miiiuiiMti v. , iiiiiiiiuli I ill I II a I 111 II n IN T?" ,l f" t surI'rise over decency and good raun- rf liers in me reiuiuuis in me io nations. As yf l u result n nuiiirm unci iiiuiiiionpiace exiillil- rns nf Miml linlinvinr lu trtuitnl nu (n.ll.ntl.. . - - UU U b""1 ' " .,! no lllletl ill IJ1K rMT rtM of a 'touslon." which U inherently n v MnfrltmHrfft umilurt BJ 4 Ro If a thl8 Iurse,y artiiiciaI assumption of r ..'strained" reiniioiiH wnicn imK forevor hoeu W f PU UL HID liiv qii-i imo w IHUIC vivr ,tvLuany worked uorn Into a frenzy on this "V Wrm Ml --- "Bi "Mhr llf jumped wis became nctunl nnd pro- nfm a itfwwu w.w, norvwua urpat JDrttain k i. ' r, . V - t . - jL7. i.-r'ija'.. vica. is. i vr Tfjft 1 hersolf guiltless of similarly dangerous pro cedure. Of course Toklo wns well bclmvcd townrd its American visitors. Things have by no means reached a post whero any other con duct can be sanely expected. Ono way for Japan and America to adjust the problems in which they arc both concerned Is to get over the nonsense of being surprised at each other's moderation. Trumped-up tension cannot long survive the reciprocal recognition of ordinary cour tesy ns unworthy of astonishment. A LOOK UNDER THE LID IN THE COAL INDUSTRY The Question of Anthracite Prices In the Light of the $22,000,000 Mys tery Turned Up by Colonel McCain T AST spring and during mot of Jhe sum--' mer Attorney General Palmer gamboled ponderously up and down this broad land in pursuit of the folk whom, for want of a more odious name, he calls Bolshevist. Prices soared. Food profiteers bought lim ousines in clumps. Sugar prices winged it dlmost to the moon. Whisky men got so rich cvnding the law in Pennsylvania that some of them still fenr they will wake out of a gorgeous dream. Mr. Palmer was not diverted from his l solemn purpose. In retrospect he .ap pears like a new statue of Liberty Un enlightening the World. A new sort of ves tal was he, resolutely on guard at the nltnr of freedom and determined to save democ racy by annihilating every one who tnlked Independently, or, ns they say, through the hat. It was a great show. And while the country gazed fasclnnted the anthracite coal operators approached noiselessly from the rear and took just about $22,000,000 In ex cess, unreported nud unjustified profits out of its pockets. Where was Mr. Palmer while the coal men were collecting nn extra dollar n ton merely because a question of mine wages bad been submitted foi arbitration to a federal board, and where was he when they pocketed the $22,000,000 which represented the difference between the sum of the final award nnd the insurnncc fund created by the dollar tolls? Where has he b?cn recently while the pro ducers talked of even further increases? Ask the ouija board. Wc do not know. The operators, of course, are no radicals. Oh. no. They are eminently respectable gentlemen who want nil agitators deported. Now the attorney general has one slim chance to proe that he isn't tragically inefficient or worse. He can start n hunt for that $22, 000.000. If the money cannot be turned back to those who were robbed it ought to go to the gen eminent or for charity or good roads or bathing suits for the heathen. It belongs anywhere but where it is. It is n bad thing for the coal men to have, be cause it has plainly fired them with nn unholy desire for more of the same sort of money. Do the operators ond the miners alike wish Congress, driven by an enraged public, to go at them uud their Institutions ns it has gone at others which proved detestable suddenly, unscientifically, with an nx? The country is almost at the end of its toleration. It is aware that eils and fogs deliberately created obscure the inner work ings of the coal industry nud mask machinery by which it is plundered or made miserable. Parous who were kicked out of their castles in l'ugland centuries ago and dumped Into theirown moats hadn't half the power for evil that rests now with some of the men who, when a question is put to them in the public interest, send secretaries to say that they hae nothing to sny. It is impossible to read Colonel McCain's dispatches from the anthracite country with out feeling that these same captains of the coal industry may be glad enough to talk before long. Colonel McCain Is one of the ablest of American journalists. He cannot be awed, stampeded or befuddled. He is getting tinder the lid of the coal business in his dispatches to this newspaper. And his revelations nre such as to raise questions that transcend the question of fuel altogether. It is becoming necessary to ask, for ex ample, whether the really vital affairs of the people are being taken out of their hands In the United States and given over to the con trol of tongs organized, If you believe them, In the interest of capital or labor, but or ganized actually for a lawless pursuit of advantages for themselves exclusively. Some of the unseen powers with which the ultimate consumer has now to deal nre us un-American and as exclusive ns the Chinese Six Com panies and it hundred times more powerful. The overemphasis and overorganizatlon of exclusive group interests in America will lend inevitably to trouble for n great many people. That may seem like a strained view of the matter. Hut let us ee. In the early dojs of the republic, when the codes and laws under which we now live were formulated, this was a relatively small nation dependent chiefly on agriculture. The means of life and comfort were easily avail able to any one who would work. Food nnd fuel were at the door. Put the growth of the population nnd arens of the t'nlted States, the drift of in dustrial evolution, the concentration of great mas-ses of people In communities far removed from the sources of life's necessities and the growing complexity of existence in a machine nge changed nil this. Great ond highly or ganised agencies for production and distribu tion have come into existence In response to n definite need. They arc the mine com panies and the railways unci tho labor unions nnd the packing houses, the shipping cor porations and the telegraph companies. Such groups ns these often hove It In their power to nffect the common life of the people more intimately than any agency of gov ernment can affect it. Their contacts with tho communities are direct and vital Somo of them have actually aimed at power almost as great as the power of the government it self. That is for the moment aside Tho question is whether these agencies, established with common consent and toler uted in their present forms only because they nre supposed to serve society by keeping its lines of supply and service open, nre actually to be permitted to obstruct and block these same channels nt will and for the sake of abnormal profits. Coal is not a luxury. It is a fundamental need of lifo ns It Is lived in America. It Is not something that should be doled out or withheld at the whim of profiteers. Tho people have the same moral right to know the in's and outs of the coal business ns they hare to know the Ins nud outs of tbc proc- .wsts-"! esses of government by which tlioy nro af fected for good or ltl. Thnt rlgbt will one day be asserted, and It may even be asserted in disagreeable ways if mlno owners retire to the comfortable jirlvncy of their inner of fices in every emergency n sort-of privacy that strikers cannot know nnd send secre taries to dismiss the inquiring representa tives of public opinion. A danger point was renched when conl prices went to $15 n ton in Philadelphia. In jio estimate docs it appear that tho lnbor cost of production Is much more than $3. In some instances men who know the busi ness of mining thoroughly insist thnt the labor cost averages only a little more than $2. Where does tho money go? It is shown now and shown clearly that for every dollar added to the retail price of anthrnclte to meet increased rail or wage charges some of the producers have been tacking ou nn additional dollar for themselves. It was In lost April that n question of incrensed wages for miners was submitted to a new commission appointed by the Presi dent. So conl went up a dollar a ton on the spot In order that nny wngo award made retroactive to April might .bo met by the operators without loss. Until Colonel McCain went to the anthra cite regions the public did not realize that the operators had n melon of $22,000,000 left from this special tax to be divided after all increases nnd bock pay ordered by the coal commission had been paid. Yet now the price of conl is higher in retail markets than it ever was before. It was boosted again only the other day by the frelght-rato increase. With another strike the consuming public, caught between miners and operators, is be tween the upper and the lower millstone. Is it accessory to clamor for u new con gressional investigation? Are tho mine owners trying to help the industrial revolutionists who seek to com pel an unwilling pcoplo to nationalize the mines? JUSTICE AND ZONE FARES IX Mil. MITTEN'S zono-fnrc system the central part of the city, It is assumed, would be the tropfcnl zone. Extending from it. north nnd south, would be, first, the temperate zones, nnd second, the frigid zones. They would be frigid in the sense thnt those who wished to get to them would hnve to pay out more in cold cash before they could gratify their desires. Some new nnme would hnve to be invented to 'describe West Philadelphia zones unless Mr. Mitten intends to net on the theory that the earth is flat, nnd have his tropical zone nt the center with the outlying zones surrounding it. Then we should have eastern nnd west ern frigid zones competing for favor with the northern nud southern. Hut what the zones nre to be called is a detail of little moment. The thing in which the people nre most interested is the adjust ment of the cost of traveling, say ncross the tropic of capricorn, or the gont, from the central zone to the southern temperate zone, which would be somewhere in South Phila delphia. If the short riders In the central zone should he asked to pay n fore of three cents, would Mr. Mitten carry the longer riders across the dividing line for five cents? This is renlly n vital question. Mr. Mit ten, however, hns said nothing which jus tifies the belief that he has any Intention of reducing the hanlc fare of five cents, even for the short riders. He says much about the fuirness of paying for what you get and is confident that the car riders will make no serious objection to nn Increase in tho fore for long trips. Considered abstractly, n fare of tn cents to Oak I.ane would uot be exorbitant. The distance is nearly eight miles. The rate would be n little more than one cent a mile. Put If one is to be carried eight miles for ten cents what justire would there be in charging a man five cents to ride eight blocks on Chestnut street from Ilroad to Sixth street? The fare would be nt the rate of more than eight cents a mile. If wc arc going to appeal to justice in this matter we would better consider the application of the rule of equity to all phases of it. It could be argued, nnd an expert at figures could prove to a mathematical cer tainty, that a central zone fare of three cents would yield greater revenue than a fare of five cents. It would encourage rid ing The man who spends five cents to ride one way from Proad to Sixth street would spend six cents to ride both ways and con vince himself that he was saving more in shoe leather than he was spending in cat furc. Hut there is a serious sociologlcnl side to the zone-faro issue. Graduated fares are common in many European cities. In Glas gow the effect has been to congest the popu lation in the first zone. Working people liuve preferred to live near their woik, for it hns cost them more than thej could afford to pay to get into the outlying districts where there are fresh air and sunshine, to say nothing of grass nnd trees. We have a situation right here that in some degree resembles that which the zone sj stem has produced in Glasgow. The men earning moderate incomes live in the city where they can get to work for Jiv i cms. Tens of thousands of them would like to llvo in tho suburbs, but the commutation rates on the steam railroads nre so much higher tbau the trolley fares within the city that they have to get along in a little house with a back yard about as big as u table cloth. If housing conditions were normal the recent increase in commutation rates would affect reul estute values within n radius of twenty miles. A man who had persuaded himself that ho could afford to pa.v fifty ccuts a day for a round trip to n district where he could get a modest -priced house with half an acre of ground would hesitnte to buy such n house when the fare wan in creased to sixty-five or seventy cents, nnd doubtless decide to remain In the city, where his round trip to business now costs him only ten cents, or sixteen nt the outside Mr. Mitten is only talking ubout zone fares nt present. When he mokes a definite suggestion us to rates and zones there will bo something concrete to disctus. Hut even If it should be fouud necessary to adopt tho plan it ahould be regarded as only a tem porary device, to be abandoned ns soon as the burden of the outrugeous rentuls paid to the underlying companies Is lifted from the P. H- T. With fair rcntuls It would be poHsiblo for the 1. It. T. to continue the uniform five-cent rato for all riders, Jong as well ns Bhort. From the perils of drowning at Monte Carlo, Mary Gurden, it is said; "barely" escaped. Hellcf Is not difficult. After all, tho real bulwark of American home life Is sky -kissing theatre priccB and "bcrvico" charges in the restaurants. Tho congressmen who wore surprised because nobody attacked them In Tokio evi dently forgot that they weren't nt home. Theyc are the days when nobody lores a coal box " f - ----u.rig g :i sV 'A.' A WONDER SHIP Remarkable Story of tho Liberty Qlo Which Reflects Luster Upon Hog Island's Good Workmanship TXTIinX the Liberty Glo tolls up the Dela- . .waro some three month hence, Hog island will write "finished" nt the bottom of one, of Its bright pnges. And bo It said in confident prophecy thnt, ns the sturdy cargo enrrier steams by, whistles will shriek and men .will shout ns tney havo not done since tho great day when tho first returning trnnsport brought home the vanguard of Pennsylvania's sons. The Liberty Glo will be twice welcomed ns in n senso n ship twice born of tho shops and ways of Hog Island. It will sail tho sens n sturdy argument for ships mndo nil of n pattern, nnd n monument withal to the excellence with which that principle wri exemplified nt Hog Island. rpHE Liberty Glo's tragic history goes back -1- to November of lost .veor, when she pni l! '"T Unmburjr nnd Hremen. carrying " $2,000,000 relief cargo for Germany. Within ten hours of her destlnntlbn, on December C. she struck n submerged lnlno, which cut Jier nlmost in two from water line to water line, nt No. 2 corgo hold. Her """ster. Captain J. I. Stousland. of Iluthcr ford, N. J.( wos forced to anchor near Amo land Light, on the const ,of Hollnnd. Hcforc help could rench him, a terrific storm swept over the North Sen, nnd the bulwarks and deck plates, nil that held tho severed parts of the ship together, were torn asunder, nnd the two sections of the ship drifted on the beach. Followed ceaseless battering by storm after storm, during tho worst winter Holland ever knew. Captain Stousland staved ubonrcl, though ono of tho wrecking tugs sent to salvage the ship wns lost with all hands and an other American ship that went nshore In the same neighborhood was broken to pieces. At length, with spring, most of the cargo was saved nnd the Liberty Glo ou Easter iionilng, with nil lings flying unci stenm up In tho engine room, though only No. 3 hulkhend kept tho sens from her boilers, wns towed into n safe port and put Into drydock. rpUE Liberty Glo epic story is best told in Captain Stousland's letters, somo of them written while ho could henr the seas bcatinx on the Liberty Glo's steel flanks. Tho captain himself is n rcmnrkablo figure. Ho was ono of the men to whom the war gave opportunity. He served in the United States navy reserve corps, with the rank of lieutenant commander lie was born in Norway, but came to America as a boy. All his life he had followed the sen, but tho Liberty Glo, on which he cciiterel all his devotion, was his first Independent command. TJEm: is Captain Stousland's story of ttio --X wreck, written under stress of exeftc ment' not yet abated after hours of touth and go with death ! "When sue hit the mine, oil from the, double bottom wns sent living up tc Hie mnsthead, accompanied bv bales of cotton, barrels nnd bolts of nil kinds, nnd It created n fenrful havoc. "At 4 n- ni.. December 0. I told the chief engineer to get his men tip from below ns the ship was breaking in two. I order -d them all in boats, not knowing what she would do when she would break. I did not want them to leave, bi-t to keep thn boats under the stern. Hut In the confusion and noise of escaping steam, it was Im possible to establish nny kind of order. They were bent on ono thing, getting away from tho ship. They cut the painter nnd dis appeared in the darkness." Cnptan Stousland stuck by his ship, though it looked like certnin denth to do so. By n miracle almost the boats mnele the shore, '(hough four of the crew died from exposure. "At -liHO a. m. the after end of the ship ported company with the bow in n roarins noise, steam escaping, cargo from No. 2 hold drifting nil nround. The lights went out nnd nil was dark. "I could hear the roar of the brcake-!, and ofter a little while I could see tho white outline gleaming like the teeth of n wolf and It was getting nearer and nearer." Captain Ptouslond, with the deck engineer unci third cook, who had been left behind, were saved from the wieck by a Dutch motor life boat. "I had no idea she could come near mo in those breakers, but she came up on the lee side like a cork, and when tlu sea lifted her up level with the rail, I jumped Into the net." WITHIN a week a contract had been let by the shipping board to snlvage the ship. Captain Stouslnnd had been going back and forth between the Liberty Ob and Amclnnd, An armed guard on the bench protected the enrgo. December lfi ne wrote: "Mondny morn ing early returned to ship. With all the wood avnilable fires were made, but oil In the tnnks so thick we hnd to knock a hole In the tnnk. tnke out oil that way nnd throw It into the fire." And nlmost from that time on, stcum was kept up in the wreck. . Snlvage worlc proceeded slowly, necause of almost insupeiable weather conditions. Storms of unprecedented violence were not the only menace, however. "Sundnv, February 1." the captain wrote, "fire broke out in the shelter deck, port side about under the steward's room, in the baled cotton. Will I ever forget It? Eve-y attempt was mnde to get nt tho fire, but tho smoko and fumes mnde it impossible, so we closecl t'p evervthlng nnd turned on the stenm. Mondny another attempt was made, but the fire was too hot. The heat wns so grent ns to ignite the woodwork in thn steward's room Tho deck was so hot yo-i could not wnlk upon it. In the steward's room the plntes buckled, also one plate on the side. Tuesday morning the burn ing boles were finally pulled out, and the whole dumped over the side. Hy noon all of the burning cotton was scattered all over "The ship Is all right. She has now been subjected to most every element of destruction, mil tor nn unit sue is mnp ct, and the good ship. I want to 'pee her off, a ship in the water again, more than I want anything else." T WAS not until April fl, however, that .-, .! Qtmiialnnil pnitlil Wl-ltn fV" T i J. I Hpuilli !" ' --'- - -,... ,iiv- terc'am to Matthew Hrush, the commanding genius and driving force nt Hog Island: "I am no longer watching the barometer, nnd have lost all Interest In btudying the weather. While passing tho Hook of Holland. I hod arranged with n photoc ranher. and several views were taken, with the ship I" charge of five tugboats, and nil flags flying. I had her dressed In rnln how fashion, flngs nil the wnv from the mnln to the bridge, unci down to the poop, nisi flags on the klngpost." THIS tribute was puid the Liberty Glo by the manager of the Dutch wrecking firm thnt salvaged her: "I nm frank to admit that never, In nil mv experience, have 1 seen n ship built as Htrongly and constructed In such n marvel "... yny cspeclnllv the famous biilkhends nf a strength I never saw before, and I nke this opportunity to compliment the tiuilders of the strongest and most reninrk. able ship eer stranded on the coast of Netherlands." Not lenst remarkable Is the fact that the now how for the Liberty Glo wus fabri rated 11000 "miles from thn drydock whero si.p waits. -It was simply n matter if Entiling the numbers of the mlHsIng sections, eettlng out the proper templates nt Hog Island, and fabricating duplicate!.. Jim like ordering n new transmission for your "illacr." ' I- ICVqNTfylftWW. J f. ' . ( I t.'f,' r - si---f- i r tub ? .j. V hi -'n' ow-. temsmmmw -rmad - Jtrjmtsmwmmammmwmmsmmmsmwemwtm i itti . alw 'ui.. tu. - NOW MY IDEA IS THIS! Daily Talks With Thinking Philadelphians on Subjects They Knoiv Best OR. GLADY8 IDE On the Special School Problem mHE PLACE of the special school In X -the public-school system Is much larger than would appear on tho surface." according to Dr. Gladys Ider director of the newly organized department of special schools of Philadelphia. ' "Just as the functlonvof the medical ex. ntnlner aud adviser lias come to be regarded i as of first importance in the public schools, said Doctor Ide, "so will the position of the psychologist he as firmly established In time, I hope. "It Is my hope ultimately to establish n system of psychological examinations of nil pupils entering the public schools, so thnt it may bo possible to classify them properly. As it now stands there nre ninny pupils entering the public schools who, n careful examination would show, are in need of special training. "Hy special training I do not mean to infer thnt all pupils so trained nre backward or below par. There are some who are entitled to be classed as special pupils by virtue of the fact that they nre much brighter than helr prospective classmates. As a matter of record the school code has provided n special school for 'bright pupils n the state, but tho money has never been available with which to put It into opera tion. "There nre many classes of pupils to b3 considered. There is the feeble-minded pupil, the incorrigible or disciplinary pupil, the backward one, the ono jvho is inordl- ...i t...i.r..i n ,llndent. the one Handi capped by lock of knowledge of Lugllsli, whether he be of foreign pnrentogo or a native: the crippled child, whoso mind is perfcctlv normal nnd whoso locomotion only s affected, and the one whose mental proc esses are weakened by physlcnl defects. Pupils Are Not Equal "Tho purpose of public education Is to make schooling cquaMo all. Hut all cduca. t ion Is not equal. Some children have a natural heritage, which places them beyond others at the start while others are corro spondingly held back by a bad start. "Tho result Is that Borne pupils havo those extra qualities that enable them to pt ", end-Initiative, energy, sameness; while others lacking these same qualities, never Egress to any extent. Thnt is he reason why many can never raise themselves after ward above the lino of poverty or the lev of mediocrity, while others seem to bound over all obstacles with comparative ease. "The closest analogy I can uso for this statement Is the rnco horse. Two horses. to ill outward appearances, may look to bo equally fast, have the same attractive lines the. some Impressive form, and yet when it comes "o a grueling finish the one falters nnd fall" behind, while the other pus forth that extra effort nnd noses out or distances lis rival. Herhaps an evert more hnppv lustration mnv be furnished by the, sight V oncn fow of two horses drawing lortin wagons, trying to make a slippery crossing in the winter time. Tho conditions wer,! about equal for both horses, and both, to nil appearances, were equal y capablo of miking the effort. Hut. whllo ono pulled himself together nnd crossed, tho other couldn't start at nil. It was just n clear test of gnmeness, "It is just this extrn quality thnt some times means the difference between succeis nnd failure in after life and it is one of the points that tho special schools will try to study. .... n "There nre two other clnsses of pupils that are extremely Interesting and for whom nroper provision hns never been mnde. Ono (h the genius child, the child who excnls in one or two branches of study, who pe eresses to nn extrnordlnary degree In them, while fnillng utterly to do anything with i,h other studies. All efforts to develop thlH child In other fields apparently fall and the result is by tho average system the child who might become a wonder In somo linn of endeavor is discouraged and gets nowhere Provision should be made for that child nnd nn effort made to develop thn special qualities which ho has, as the real genius Is hard to find and should be en couraged. "Another pupil often met with Is the i 'Bolshevik' type. X mean by. that, a ibjhl "THRILLING, ISN'T IT?" BL . - '. ''' ilfflHsl ' l iililWIli"1 m in IJi'Wn niUll I, , ilffl "I. W jl. MKLaSSEKVnElllSnnSaSSSIHSSSSSSEMiSBSBSJS iiiaiif ii rnr -m n r- mimi I bm i i , jsib9l, 'wil. -"wim- of highly nervous temperament, Imnginntivo to a dfgrec, but who is disposed to bo radical ami go off at a tangent. Thnt child has Within it untold power, which, properly do. vclopcd, would enable it to tnko a high placo in the world, hut neglected nnd al lowed to go its own way unguided, could do a great amount of damngc. "One of tho greatest difficulties to bo encountered In tho average pupil is the- siiimi vocauuiary wincli lie possesses. Tlie English language contulned some years ago ."00.000 words, which number hns since been greatly increased. There ore 12,000 words in Shakespeare's plays. The vocabulary of the well-educated person should bo from 12,000 to iri.OOO words, yet there are very few who reach Vhat total. "The vocabulary of the school pupil, among those requiring special treatment, runs from zero to about 000 words. Thn vocabulary of the average school child should bo at least 2000 words. These chil dren arc not all foreign born, many of them being of American parents. They nro handl capped in most things they do becnuso they have not the equipment with which to ex press themselves. "The fault Is directly traceablo to their homes, but at tho samo tlmo it shows that their parents did not hnve tho proper edu cation. In such homes there is little contact between parent nud child except perhnps tho physical contact, when father's slipper or 0 shingle in mother's hand connects vigor ously with the person of the child. "On tho other hand we hnve children In tho elemcntnry grades who nro listed as 'bright' children. They seem to be In formed more or less on all the common subjects, can tnlk comparatively well and nre able to express themselves well and freely. Many children hnvo n vocabulary running ns high hs fiOOO words. Hut hero the family Influence is apparent. The par. ents talk to the children nnd with them, too. Current events nnd subjects of Interest are freely discussed In that family and tho child absorbs the content of these discus sions. Examinations Necessary "Ono of the grent difficulties Is en countered In making tho tests necessary t3 establish tho status of each child. From the nature of their coses an individual ex. amlnntlon is reqrlred for ench one. In fact, such an examination Is just as neces sarv as an Individual medical examination would be. Tho two really go hand in hand. "Personally, I believe In examinations. They give n child nn Incentive to work: thev put n disciplinary force back of him that helps Immensely. When you ask should such examinations he psychological 1 should answer thnt all examinations nro psychological. Tho only thing that makes us regard them otherwise is the fnet that wc havo become used to some, while others ore new to us. "nut to develop such clnsses to a high point of achievement, whero wc can turn out rnpable children, requires plenty of nble teachers and considerable money. So until I have hnd tlmo to study the problem f the special child ns it exists in the city todav. to make n general survey and ninnv Individual observations and inquiries nnd until I ran find out how much money will be nvallnble to carry out such plans os I may bo able to formulate. I am not going to be oversnngulno of results or In too big n hurry to mnko predictions. "I realize that the problem before me Is a very big one. so big that it makes me think and wonder There will be many difficulties to overcome nnd nnv growth con onlv be slow. Hut I nm rewarded by the thought thnt if I am successful In the wnv that I want to be I will have been of some fcervlce to coming generations In Phila delphia." Governor Cox Is now touring the West In the hope that ho can peisunde the stiites that voted for Wilson to vote for him. Hut Wilson carried the states on the boast that he had "kept us out nf war" and the voters hove not forgotten thnt n few months Inter ho confessed thnt he had known for o long time thnt we should have to get into the war. They were fooled once and nre shy of bMiUrs. I ' --- .,.- v.. x -.l.-j.fr.wV tr. : ) 1 A HI SHORTCUTS Condensed gratitude after the S-5 res cue: "Atta-buoy!" "Water, water everywhere," they cried, after the prohibition raid at Wlldwood yes terday, "nnd not a drop to drink I" Friends of tko latest embezzler who went wrong In a flirtation with tho vamp called Chanco boast that he made at least one killing on the races. What could the vamp say of her own score If she could see him now? The impoverished Board of Education seems to bo reduced nlmost to the necessity of finding "sermons in Btoncs, booka in ths running brooks." No discouragement will be registered by tho returning pupils, any way. ' The alllanco of cool and purse consump tion is one of the most discouraging ever formed. Tho immigrants who arrived In town on the Chinese Prlnco this week nre not likely to bo troubled by politicians seeking to get them to vote. Xhcy were animals for ths zoo. Mrs. Walter H. Thomson differs from tho men in politics, for she says that when sho takes up tho newspapers sho is afraid sho will see her namo In print. The men are afraid they won't. Sugar continues to come down, but It hns a long wny to fall before it reaches the prices of good old days when a dollar woj worth a hundred cents. The women learned tint registering wni ensy. Of coureo, It wns. The law puts no Insuperable obstacle in tho way of a citizen who wishes to vote. What Do You Know? QUIZ ' ""forr'ln'n r?ubI' w" t customary c0ItIz?nrSo0rn3c.tt.icne8S ettch other " 2,Wc.ntVry.d,avorTr,Ck and '" Whttt ," ,uWlInt 8tate aro tl,e 0!Eark mountains? OuadW1an1th0Ast of th0 natl0I" of the the" w??ld war"" l Cap,tU,ate '" C' WnusLla?h frelKn mlnlsler of Soviet " W wffi? aheCo,u&yVt0ry' "The Ma" 7" Wwotrdl,,ltchheenC?rreCt pronunclat'on of the 8' VhLwa'' 1!J0. la".t -American President who served In tho Civil War? 9' Wwhtltorrac!oVhrCOnialn dlvlslon1 f ths 10. What Is the name of th mayor of Cork. who Is now on a hunger Btrllte? Answers to Yesterday's Quit U 0nfiii ,cca8,lon8 r. Henry 8. Tannff ' fnMtvL?,f for,ty dft,ya- Aftcr succea. npolls In 1877 lie repeated It In rW York In 1880. His first food on break ing his fast was a peach, followed by generous slice of watermelon Tnnner nved to bo more than ninety years 2. There aro 150 psalms In the Itlbln. 3. Sesame Is nn annual herbaceous tropical and subtropical plant, with seeds used In various ways as food and yielding un oil for salads. 4. As r cpa r ils volume of water, the Zambesi, 19 ?..Vth ,A,.r.lcai. Niagara, and the Curltlba, In llrazll, nro considered the worlds greatest waterralls. 6. Thomas Orey wus the author of the famous "K Wy Written In n Country Churchyard." C' Ke.yu wJSBt ls a corruption of tho Span ish "Cayo Hueso," Done Iteef, 7. Philadelphia and vicinity Is the Amerleaa headquarters of crlckU 8 Antnlno Laurent Lavoisier was a cele brated French chemist, the father of modern chemlstrv and th re'ormor of chemical nomenclature, He fell a vic tim to the Helgn of Terror In th l-'rennh Itevolutlon and was guillotined In 170f.. 0. Ionic architecture Is distinguished by columna whoso capitals are carved Into scrolls. 10. John Adams was the first American Pr Ident to fall of re-electlou. '!! was fl" featod py Thomas JeOersoa la )f lb i t, Wl i
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers