QnHIBWIMM BHaaam 1 AT. .'.KmxT.T. ?w , t t : -i 10 EVENING PUBLIC BEDaER-PHIlJADEliPHlA; SATUBDAiY !A.tTGXJSJ?V 7, ip20 - , : ( , - V i$. Wl: COX FOR LEAGUE OF NATIONS WITH RESERVATIONS : , , . i . r- U1 jf f , ? v !- ! :aas ff1 'Mr tei VERSAILLES DECLARED SUPREME ISSUE OF CENTURY First Duty of New Administration, Democratic -. Presidential Candidate Asserts in Speech of Acceptance, Is Ratification of Treaty INTERPRETATIONS FAVORED AS PRECAUTION AGAINST MISUNDERSTANDINGS IN FUTURE Dayton, O., Aug. 7. fOVERNOR COX'S speech, in accepting the nomination of the Demo cratic party as it3 presidential candidate, was as follows: Chalrmnn Robinson, and members of the notification rommlttoo: The messngc which you brine from the great con ference of progressive thought assembled under the formal nusiiret of the Demo fcrotic party inspires within me n pride and an appreciation which I enunot Voice. At the same time I am mindful Ot the responsibility which this function now nfficifillv nlnces unon me. as i measure my own limitations thn task abcad of us would be approached with mnro than n feclinc of diffidence if I were not strengthened and reassured by the faith that one has only to practice true fidclitv to conscience. It is not a difficult thing to know what wc ought to do; the sense of right nnd wrong has been given with divine equality. The mistakes of history are the result of weakness in the face of tempting Interests. I thank God, therefore, that I take up the standard 'of Democracy a free! man. unfettered by promises nnd Jiapiiy in the consciousness of uutram me)fed opportunity to render a service in tb.6 name of government that will hold for It the confidence which it deserves. We arc in a time which calls for straight thinking, straight talking and ( straight acting. This is no time for gabbling. Never in all our history has more been done for government. Never was sacrifice more sublime. The !ot precious things of heart nnd home were given up in n spirit which guarantees ' the perpetuity of our institutions if the faith Is kept with those who served and .suffered. The altar of our republic is drenched in blood and tears, and he who turns away from the tragedies and obligations of the war. not consecrnted to aSiense of honor and of duty which resists every base suggestion of per sonal or political expediency, is un worthy of the esteem of his couutrmenNrllrposo Umt npncrnl Foph wo, Rivrn Chart for Future Clear The men and women who by ex pressed policy at the San Francisco convention charted our course in the open seas of the future sensed the spirit of the hour and phrased it with clarity to read and reread the Democratic plat, form to know its mmning. It is a docu ment clear in its analysis of conditions and plain in the pledge of service made to the public. It carries honesty of word and intent. Proud of the leadership and achieve went of th party in war. Democracy faces unafraid the problems of peace. Indeed, its pronouncement has but to be read along with the platform framed by Republican leaders in order mai uotn spirit and purpose as they dominate the "opiSosing . organizations may be con trasted. On the one hand we see pride expressed in the nation's glory and a promise of service easily understood. On tho other n captious, unhappy sfirit and the treatment of subjects vital to Nthe present and the future in terms that have completely confused the public mind. It was clear that the senatorial oligarchy had been given its own way in the selection of the presidential can didate, but it was surprising that it was able to fasten into t! party platform-the creed of hate and bitterness and the vacillating policy that pos sesses it. 'In the midst of wnr the present sena torial cabal, led by Senators Lodge, Fenrose and Smoot. was formed. Su perficial evidence of loyalty to the President wns deliberate iu order that the great rank nnd file of their party, faithful and patriotic to the very core, might not be offended. Rut underneath this misleading exterior, conspirators planned and plotted, with bigoted zeal. With victory to our nrms they delayed and obstructed the work of peace. If deemed useful to the work in hand uo artifice for interfering with our con stitutional peacemaking authority was jejectcd. Hefore the country knew, yea. before these men themselves knew the details of the composite plan formed at the peace table, they declared their opposition to it. Custom and Piecedent Violated Beforo the treaty wns submitted to tho Senate in the manner tne constitu tion provides, they violnted cver cus tom and every consideration of decency by presenting n copj of the document, procured unblushlncly from cnemv hands, nnd passed it into the printed record of senatorial proceedings. From that hour dated the enterprise of throw ing the whole subject Into a technical discussion, in order that the public might be confused. The plan has nccr changed In its objective, but the method has. At the outset there was tlie cnrerul . gium in 1014. They term the League insistence that there was no desire to of Nations n military alliance, which, Interfere with the principle evolved and I except for their opposition, would en formnllzcd at Versailles. Later, it was vrlop our country, when, ns n matter the form and not the substance that of truth, the subject of a Lcngue of professedly inspired nttmlc. Rut pre- Nations hns claimed the best thought tense wns futile when proposals later ' of America for years, and the League to dyne forth that clearlv emasculated the I Enforce Pence was presided over by so basic principle of the whole pence plan, distinguished a Republican us ex-Prcsi-It is not necessary to recall the details , dent Tuft, who. before audiences in of the controversy in the Senate. Sena- every section, advocated the principle tor Lodgo finally crystallized his ideas and the plan of the present lcngue, into what cre known ns the Lodge res- They charge experimentation, when ervations, and when I ongress ndjournfd these reservations held the support of the so-called regular Republican leaders. Political Expediency First From that time the processes have been interesting. Political expediency in its truest sense dwnrfed every con sideration either of the public Interest hv nf th. maintenance of the honor of ft' great political party. Tho exclusive nuestion was how to avoid n rupture In the Republican organization. The country received with interest, to say the least, the announcement from Chl eagO,, where tlie national convention was assembled, that a platform plank, 'dealing with the subject of world pence, bad been drawn, leaving out the Lodge reservations, and yet remaining agree able to all interests, inclining thereby the Lodge rcservatlonists, tho mild rcs ervationlsts and the group of Repub lican senators that openly opposed the League of Nations in nny form, Ab the platform made uu definite com mittal of policy and was, in fact, so 'artfully phrased ns to make almost any deduction possible, it passed through tho convention with praeticnl unanim ity. Senator Johnson, however, whose position has been consistent nnd whose opposition to tho leu sue in any shape fs well known, withheld his support of the convention's choice until tho candt data bad. stated the meaning of the plat form, and announced definitely the pol icy that would be his. if elected. The Republican candidate has spoken COVENANT and his utterance calls forth the fol lowing approval from Senator Johnson : "Yesterday in'hls speech of accept ance Senator Harding unequivocally took his stand upon the paramount is; sue in this campaign the League of Nations. The Republican party stands committed by its platform. Its standard-bearer has now accentuated that platform. There can be no mlsundcr- standing his words.' Senator Harding, ns the candidate of the partv. and Senator Johnson nre as one on this question, and. ns the lat ter expresses it. the Republican party is committed both by platform In the abstract nnd by its candidate in speci fication. The threatened revolt among lenders of the party is averted, hut the minority "position ns expressed In the Senate prevails as that of the party. In short, principle, as avowed in sup port of the Lodge reservations, or of the, so-called mild reservations, has been surrendered to expediency. Harding's New Fledge Senator Harding makes this new pledge of policy in behalf of his party : "I promise you formal and effective peace so quickly as a Republican con gress can pass its declaration for a Republican executive-to sign." This means but one thing a sepa rate peace with Germany ! This would be the most dishearten ing event in civilization since the Rus sians made their separate peace with Germany, and infinitely more unwor thy on our pnrt than it was on that of the Russians. They were threatened with starvation and revolution had swept their country. Our soldiers fought side by side with the Allies. So com plete win the coalition of strength nnd supreme command, nnd every soldier in the allied cause, no matter what fing he followed, recognized him ns his chief. We fought the war together, nnd now before the thing is through it is proposed t" enter into n separate peace with Germany! In good faith we pledged our strength with our associ ates for the enforcement of terms upon offending powers, and now it is sug gested that this be-withdrawn. Suppose Germany, recognizing the first break in the Allies, proposes some thing we cannot accept. Does Senator Harding intend to send an army to Germany to press her to our terms? Certainly the nllied armv could not be expected to render nid. If, on the other hand. Germany should accept the chance we offered of hrenking the bond it would be for the express purpose of insuring a German -American nlliauce, recogniz ing that the Allies in fact, no nation in pood standing would have anything to do with either of us. This plan would not only be a piece of bungling diplomacy, but plain, un adulterated dishonesty as well. Senatcr Lodge Quoted No less an nuthority than Senator Lodge said, hefore the heat of rncent controversy, thnt to make pence except in company with the Allies would "brnnd us everlastingly with dishonor and bring ruin to us And then after pence Is mude with Germany. Senator Harding would, he says, "hopefully approach the nations of Europe andyif the earth, proposing thnt understanding which makes us u willing participant iu the consecration of nations to a new relationship." In short. America, refusing to enter the League of Nations (now already established by twenty-nine nations) ami bearing nnd deserving the contempt of the world, would submit an entirely new project. Tills net would either be regarded ns arrant madness or attempt ed International bosslsm. The plain truth is that the Republi can lenders, obsessed with n dctcrmina tion to win the presidential election, 1 nave attempted to satisfy too many di j vergent views. Inconsistencies, inevita ble under the circumstances, rise to haunt them on every hnnd, and they find themselves arrayed in public thought, nt least, against n great prln-, ciple. More than thnt, their conduct is opposed to the idealism upon which their party prospered in other days. League Critics Arraigned Illustrating these observations by concrete facts, let it be remembered that those now inveighing against an interest in nffalrs outside of America crltlcizpd President Wilson iu unmeusured terms for not resenting the invasion of Del- I we lmve ns historical precedent the Monroe Doctrine, which is the very es sence of Article X of the Versailles covenant. Skeptics viewed Monroe's mandate with alarm, predicting recur rent wars in defense of Central and South American states, whose gunrdlans they allege wc need not be. And yet not a shot hns been fired in almost 100 years in preserving sovereign rights on this hemisphere They hypocritically clnlm that the i.engue oi nations win result in our boys being drawn into military service, but they fail to realize thnt every high school joungster in the land knows Hint no treaty enn overrldo our constitution. which merves to congress, nnd to Con gress alone, the power to declare wnr. J ney preach, Americanism with a meaning nf their own Invention, nnd artfully appeal to a selfish anil pro vincial spirit, forgetting thnt Lincoln fought a war over the nurelv moral nues tion of slavery, and thnt McKinley broke the fetters of our boundary lines, spoke tho freedom of Cuba and carried the torch of American idealism to the be nighted riillipplncs. They loso mem ory of Garfield's prophecy that Amer ica, under the blessings of God -given opportunity, would by her moral lead ership and co-operntion become n Mes siah among the nntions of the earth. Supreme Issue of Century T'hese are fateful times. Organized government has a definite duty all over the world. The, home of civilization is to be put inj order. Tho supremo Usue of the century is before us nnd the nation that halts and delays is playing with fire. The finest Impulses of humanity, rising above national lines, merely sccMto make another horrible war impossible, Under tho old order of international anarchy war came overnight, and the world was on fite before wc knew It. It sickens our senses to think of another. Wc saw one conflict into which mod ern science brought new forms of de struction in great guns, submarines, airships and poison gases. It is no secret that our chemists had perfected, when the contest enrac to a precipitate close, gases to deadly that whole cities could be wiped out, armies destroyed, and the crews of bnttlcships smothered. Tho public prints nre filled with the opinions of military men that In future wars the method, more effective than gases or bombs, will be the employment of the germs of diseases, carrying pesti lence and destruction. Any nation pre pared under these conditions, ns Ger many wns equipped In 1014, could con quer ths world in n year. It is planned now to make this Im possible. A definite plan has been agreed upon. The League of Nations is In operation. A very important work, un der Its control, just completed, wns par ticipated in by the Hon. Ellhit Root, secretary of state under the Roosevelt administration. At n meeting of the council of the League of Nations Feb ruary 11. nn organizing committee of twelve of the most eminent Jurists in tho world wns selected. Tho duty of this group wns to devise n plan for the establishment of n permanent court of international justice, as a branch of the league. This assljnment hns been con cluded by unanimous action. This nuaurs well for world progress. Tho question is whether we shall or shall not join in tins pracucni ana Hu mane movement. President Wilson, as our representative nt the peace table, entered the league in our name, in so far as the executive authority permitted. Senator Hnrdlng, ns the Republican candidate for the presidency, proposes in plnin words that we remain out of it. As tho Democratic candidate-, I favor going In. Harding's Flan Analyzed Let us analyze Senator Harding's plan of making n German-American pence, nnd then calling for a "new re lationship nmong nntlons. assuming, for tho purpose of argument only, thnt the perfidious hand thnt dealt with Gcr- jnany would possess the power or in fluence to draw twenty-nine unumi' nwny from a plan already at work and induce them to retrnce every step and make a new beginning. This would entail our appointing an other commission to assemble with those selected bv the other powers. With the Versailles Instrument discarded, the whole subject of partitions and divisions of territory on nv lines would be re nnenod. The difficulties in thi regard. ns nny fair mind nppreciates.vould be greater than they were nt ttie peace session, and wc must not attempt to convince ourselves thnt they did not try the genius, patience and diplomacy of statesmen nt that time. History will sav that, great as was the allied triumph in' war, no less a victory was achieved at the peace table. Tim Renuhllcnn nronosal means dis honor, world confusion and delay. It would keen, us in permanettt compnny with Germany. Russia. Turkey nnd Mexico. It would entail, in the ulti mate, more renl injury than the war it self. The Democratic position on the question, as expressed in the platform, is: "We advocate immediate ratification of the treatv without reservations which would impair its essential integrity, but do not oppose the acceptance of nny reservation making clearer or more spe cific the obligations of the United States to the league associates." " League Ratification First Duty The first dutv of the new adminis tration clearly will be the ratification of the treaty. The mntter should be approached without thought of the bit terness of the past. The public erdlct will have been rendered, and I am con fident that the friends of world peace as it will be promoted by the u-ngue will have in numbers the constitutional requisite, to favorable senatorial ac tion. The captious may say thnt our plat form reference to reservations Is vague and indefinite. Its meaning, in brief, is that wu shall state our interpretation nt tlie covenant ns a matter of good faith to our associates and ns a pre caution ncalnst nnv misunderstanding in the future. Tlie point is tlint nuer the people shall have spoken the league will be in the hands of its friends In the Senate, und a safe index as to what they will do is supplied by what reser vations they have proposed in the past. Position on Covenant Restated Some months ngo, in a contributed article to the New York Times, I ex pressed my own opinion of the situa tion as it then was. I reproduce It here: "There can be no doubt that some senators have been conscientious in their desire to clarify the provisions of the treaty. Two things apparently have disturbed them: First, they wanted to make sure that the league was not to bo nn nllianco, und that its basic Surposc was peace and not controversy, econd, they wanted the other powers signing the instrument to understand our constitutional limitations beyond which the treaty-making power cannot go. wealing wun uiesc two quvnuuui in order, it hns always seemed to rac thnt the interpretation of the function of the league might have been stated in these words : " 'In eivinc its nssent to this treaty. tho Senate has in mind the fact that the League of Nations which it em bodies was devised for the sole purpose of maintaining peace and comity among the nntions of the earth and preventing the recurrence of such destructive con flicts as that through which the world has just passed. The co-operation of the United States with the league and its continuance as n member thereof will naturally depend upou the adher ence of the league to that fundamental purpose. "Such u declaration would at least express the view of the United States and justify the course which our nation would unquestionably follow if tho bnslc purpose of the league were at any time distorted. It would also appear to be a simpler matter to provide against nny misunderstanding in the future and at the same tlmo to meet the objections of those who believe that we might bo Inviting a controversy over our con stitutional rights, by making n sena torial addition in words something like these : " 'It will, of course, bo understood that In carrying out the purpose of the league, tho government of the United States must at all times net In strict harmony with the terms and intent oi the United States constitution, which cannot in any way he altered by the treaty-making power. Further Proposals Not Harred Unquestioned friends of the league have made other proposals. Our plat form clearly lays no bar against any additions thnt will be helpful, but it speaks in a firm resolution to stnnd ugalnst anything that disturbs the vital principle. We hear It said that inter pretations nre unnecessary. That may be true, but they will at least bo reas tiuriug to many of our citizens, who feel that in tigniug the treaty there POINTS STRESSED BY GOVERNOR COX IN SPEECJH OF ACCEPTANCE LEAGUE-OF-NATIONS COVENANT declared the "supreme Issue of the century" nnd its ratification pledged, with such interpretations nq shnll make tho goo'd faith of Amcricn manifest to lts'-nllics nnd as a precaution against future misunderstandings, ' Ratification of tho constitutional amendment: providing for woman suf frage urged. Charge made thnt the Republican campaign managers have gathered ft fund amounting to millions of dollars for the perpetuation of the "reactionary cause," nnd demand formulated for a strict accounting for all contributions nnd disbursements. "Senatorial Oligarchy," composed of Senators Lodge, Penrose and Smoot, accused of selecting Senator Hnrdlng to lend the Republicans nnd of incor porating into the party platform n creed of bitterness and hate, "nnd tho vacillating policy thnt possesses it." Heavy and immediate reduction in federal taxation pledged. Establish-, ment of a budget system, which would reduce the expense of conducting tho government. Including Interest nnd sinking fund provisions, to $1,000,000, 000 nnnunlly demanded. Smnll tax, probably JH per cent, on the totnl business of every going concern recommended in lieu of excess profits tax. Sharp modification of income levies on wages of salaried and professional and small business men advocated. Federal reserve act commended as the greatest factor In America's efforts to win tho war, next to the personal sacrifice of the people. Extension of the nation's educational facilities, the Americanization of aliens and the conservation of childhood emphasized. Repeal of war Inws, restricting the freedom of speech nnd assembly nnd the liberty of the press advocated. Adequate pay of government employes, short shrift for nnarchlsts nnd labor agitators and development of waterway transportation urged. Financial credit of railroads favored. Discrediting of government opera tion of roads called unfair. Profiteering denounced nnd punishment for profiteers demanded. Fair returns for capital and labor advocated. Development of agriculture, as the hasty of all other industries, held a national duty. , should be mentnl reservations that are not expressed in plain words, ns u matter of good faith to our associates. Such interpretations possess the fur their virtue -of supplying a base upon which agreement can be reached, and agreement, without Injury to tho cove nant, is now of pressiug Importance. It was tho desire to get things slnrtcd that prompted some members of the Scnnte to vote for the Lodge reser vations. Those who conscientiously voted for them In the finnl rollcalls renllzed, however, that they acted under duress, in that a politically bigoted minority was exercising the arbitrary power of its position to enforce drastic conditions. Happily, the voters of the republic, under our system of government, enn remedy thnt situation, and I have the faith that they will, nt the election this fall. Then organized government will be enabled to combine impulse and facility in the mnking of better world conditions. The agencies of exchange will automatically adjust themselves to the opportunities of commeicial free dom. New life and renewed hope will take hold of every nnUon. Mankind will press n resolute shoulder to the tnsk of readjustment and a new era will hnvc dawned upon the earth. Domestic Problems I'rcssiiig We have domestic problems to be settled. They nre most picssing. Many conditions growing out of the war will not nnd should not continue. The work of readjustment will call for our best energy, ingenuity, uuseinsimess ami devotion to the idea thnt it is the general welfare wo must promote. Ono of the first things to be rioho Is tho repeal of war taxes. The entry of America into the world wnr proiected our people into nn unparalleled finnn cial emergency, wlilch wns faced with n determination to make everv sac rifice necessary to victory. Rilllons in liberty loans subscribed by patriots re gardless of their financinl condition were instantly placed at the disposal of the government nnd other billions were gladly paid into the treasury through many forms of taxatlou. To have paid by current tnxes more than one-third of the expense of the greatest war in the history of mankind is n reflection on the high sense of nntinun! duty with which we of America view the obliga tions of this generation. k Immediately following the armistice. measures to modify onerous nnd annoy ing taxation should have been taken nnd the Republican Congress, in which nil tax laws must originate and which for almost two years has exclusively held the power to ameliorate this condition, has not made a single effort or pnsed a single law to lift from tlie Ameri can peonle a load of war tnxation that cannot be tolerated in a time of peace., Federal tavation must bo heavily re duced, and it will be done nt once, If n Democratic administration is chosen in November, Saving of $2,000,000,000 Yearly Tossible Without hampering essential nutionnl administrative departments, by the elimination of all others nnd strict econ omy everywhere, national tnxes can he relliced in excess oi .,ihhj,uuu,imhi yenrly. Annoying consumption taxes, once willingly borne, now unjustified, should be repealed. The incomes from war-made fortunes, tlnxe of nonpro-due-era nnd those derived from industries that exist by unfair privileges may be able to carry their present load, but taxes on the earnines of the wnge earner, of tho snlnried and professional man, of the agricultural producer nitd of the small tradesman should be sharply modified. I believe that a better form of taxa tion thnn- tho so-called excess profits tax may be found nnd I suggest n small tnx, probably 1 to 1 Vj per cent, on the total business oi every going concern. It Is to bo understood thnt tho term "business" so used does not include income received by wage-earners, sal aried men, agriculturists nnd the small business man who should be exempt from this tax. Tlie profiteer nnd some of the highly capitalized units have used the exvesa protlts tax as n invorue excuse i0r load ng on the consumer by means of highly V ?. . . i -i .. ..' inflated selling prices many times 111c amount nctually pnld tlin government. A necessary condition to the national contentment nnd sound business Is a just proportion between lair proilts to busi ness nnd fair prlcevt to the consumer. It is unquestioned thnt the enormous expansion of public nnd private credit made necessiry. ns a pnit of war financing, the diversion of the products of mnny industries from their usual channels, as well ns the disturbance to general business caused by the with drawal of millions of men from pin ducing fields, all contributed to the rise in prices. Reversion of these various ngencies to a more stable condition will tend toward a recession in tho enormously inflated present prices of many com modltlcs nnd property values and there are now evidences that a sane adjust ment is not far distant. Deep patriotic sentiment enthralled our people during the war and slight attention wns given to the enormous economic changes that were then in progress, and when observed these changes were generally accepted ns one of the trials necessary to lie en dured nnd they were submerged in the thought and purpose tor victory. While millions of free men, regnrdless of wealth or condition, were giving ot their blood nnd substance, many cor porations nnd pien seized thn very hour that civilization lay prostrate to secure for themselves fortunes wrung from the public nnd from the government by tho levying of prices that in many enses were h crime, Under present taxation laws much capital is drawing out of industry and finding Investment in non- ,; V taxable securities. This will cease If the changes suggested arc made. In the analysis of government, as the events of today enable us to pene trate the subject, wc sec the difference between the old nnd the progressive kinds of thinking. Tho belief of the reac tionaries is that government should not function more widely than It did in the past, but they seem to forget thnt the fundamental of our plan Is equal rights for nil nnd special privileges for none. Modern life hns developed new prob lems Civilization continues lo build along the same basic lines, nnd altruistic as we may all be disposed to be, the fact remains that except for the ex change of products between individuals, commercial units nnd nntions, our de velopment would be slow. All of this growth goes on tinder the protection of nnd with the encouragement of govern ment. The least, therefore, thnt might be rendered unto government for this con tlnuojis service is n policy of fair dealing. Too often the genius of man prompts him to play for governmental, advantage, nnd the success which hns been achieved in this particular has led to tue formntlon of groups which seek this very ndvnntnge. AVe are a busy people, preoccupied in too large degree with purely commercial consid erations, nnd we hnve not recognized ns we should that tho failure of govern ment to prevent inequalities has mode it possible for mischievous spirits to de velop prejudice against the institutions of government, rather than ngaiust ad uiinistrntive policy. Trlbo of Profiteers 'Augmented There Is a very important difference here. This difference bears directly on profiteering, wlilch is todny the most sinister influence in American life. It fs not a new tiling in America. The tribe of profiteers hns simply multiplied under the favoring clrcuinstniices of wnr. For yenrs lurge contributions have been made to tho Republican cam paign fund for no purpose except to buy n governmental underhold, and to make Illegal profits as the result of prefer ence. Such largesses nre todny a greater menace to our contentment nnd our in stitutions thnn the countless temporary profiteers who nre mnkinj n mockery of honest business, but who can live and fatten only In time of disturbed prices. If I nm called to service as President means will be found. If they do not nlrendy exist, for compelling these executions to the grent mass of square dealing American husiness men. to use tl.c seme yardstick snj honesty that governs most of us in our dcnlings with our fellow men. or in language that they may understand, to suffer the pen altv of criminal law. There Is another reason for the fab ulous contributions to the present Re publican ciimpnign fund. yiucU money, nf course, has been subscribed in proper partisnrt zenl. but the grent bulk has been given with the definite idea of gaining service in return. Mnny enp tnins of industry, sulded ly n most dan gerous Industrial philosophy, believe that in controversy between employer nnd employe their will should be en forced, even nt the point of the bnjonet. I speak knowingly. I hn4 passed through many serious industrial trou bles. I know something of their psy rlinlogy, the stnees through which they pass, and the dangerous attempts thnt nre sometimes made to end them. Pis putcs between lnbor and capital nre in evitable. The disposition to gain the best bargain possible characterizes the whole field of exchange, whether It he product for product, or lnbor for money. If strikes are prolonjjed public opinion nlwnys settles them. Public opinion should determine results in America. Public opinion is the most interesting chnrncteristic of a democracy, nnd It is tlie renl snfety valve to the institutions of n free government. It mny. at times, he necessary for government to inquire into the facts of a tie-up, but facts and not conclusions should he submitted. Tlie determining form of unprejudiced thought wlllwlo the rest. During this process governmental ngeneies miM give a vigilant eye to the protection of life nnd property, and maintain firmness. but nbsolute Impartiality. This is nl- wnys the renl test, but if official conduct I nAmlt una cmirnpn nnrl fnlrnoK. nnr pnr. combines cournre and fairness, our gov ernmentnl Institutions come out of these affairs untarnished by distrust. Aliens Fomenting Unrest This is not nn academic observation. Tt is tlie mere recital nf experience. Un- rest has been re-enforced in no small degree bv tho great mass of unnssim-1 during if they did not desire for their ilnted aliens. Attrncted by nn unprec- children educational opportunities com edented demand for labor, they have' parable to those' in the cities. The come to our shores by 'the thousands, price the consumer pays for foodstuffs A they have become acquainted with 1 'K ",n Indlentlon of what the producer the customs nnd opportunities of Ainer- I receives. There are too many turn- lean life ' thousands of them hnve In come citlzens-and are owners of their own homes. However, the work of ns simllatlon too long was merely auto matic. One million six hundred thou sand foreign born in this country can not read or write our language. Our ;uuki'. 'inn r. . 1.. .1 1.. i, in i.nc i,. lIlLCrtrl III llll III 111 nil ill. 1. ." ... i-ii slmplv ns laborers, assembled in the great'trade centers to meet the demand ; . ,......' ivm.n... i,. munity ties.' many have been more Irln,iin Jiln. thn nrohlem excessive turnover, which hns perplexed iiuiniifnetiirliiB plants. 1,1 ? thl" 1 aKs ,!ot been the worst phase of the situation. Unfamiliar wltn ,w, tiicv iinvo been io men irom inn cm- rents of opinion, all duo to tnvir not being flhlo to read or write our Ian. .. It is the dutv of thn Cnni government to stimulate the won of having no understanding ot the prln- ' ir.."". foodstuff bv cold Ktn-n ciples of our government, they 1BVl, l0 f and U sC .lKhJS " fallen an easy prey to unpatriotic and r'0Tog?d .However "thi tl me I L 0,' designing persons. Public opinion m Z ' wj vigilant regu atlon and m.nS l.n.l no lnllitdico upon them. heein. i"r.l...I. " J..I " " 1' nn".,"nsnph 4 Americanization on tho part of church, school, community agencies, state gov ernments nnd Industry itself. In the past many Industries that have suffered from chronic restlessness have been tho chief contributors to their own troubles. The foreigner with European standards of living was welcomed, but too often no attempt wns made to edit cato him to domestic idcajs, lor the simplo reason thnt it adversely affected tho ledger. It has been my observation that the man who learns our language yields to a controlling public opinion nnd respects our laws J besides, In pro portion ns his devotion to American life devejops, his interest in tho impulsive processes of revolution diminishes. Need for Drastic Legislation Past m c muse do panenc in me wmiw un assimilation and studiously avoid op-1 prcsstvo measures in the face, of mere We must bo patient in the work of evidence of misunderstanding. Wc hnvo a composite nation. The Almighty doubtless -intended it to bo sucn. We will not, however, develop patriotism j umess wc uemonsirnic me '"w between despotism and democrncy. lhe necessity for tho drastic laws of war (lavs Is not present now. nnd wc should return at tho enrllcst opportunity to mo muiuiuiy provisioua imtini-u m mu. of peace for the general welfare. Thcro is no condition now that war-1 rants nny infringement on tho right of freo speech nnd nsscmhly nor on tlio liberty of (he press. The greatest mens- j tiro of Individual freedom consistent with, the safety of our institutions should bo given. excessive regulation iiiK,iiarjr, necauso no nns Dccomc n tumiivn ninnlfestntlons that romnel restraint. ! Inr with the mnnnfncturer for labor. The polico power, therefore, is called, to action becauso the legislative au thority ncted unwisely. A forbearing policy is not the proper one for the deliberate enemy of our Institutions. He Is of tlie kind thnt knows conditions abroad and here. The difference between autocracy nnd de mocrncy Is well marked in his .mind. He is opposed to government in nny form, nnd ho hntes-'ours because it np peals to those whom he would convert to his creed. Any policy of terrorism is fuel to his flnme of anarchy. Those whom he seeks to arouse, in time, realize the difference between his and their mental attitude, so thnt when the law lays hand upon his willful menace to government, tho purpose of it becomes plain to them. Contempt of Law Harmful , Official contempt for the law is a harmful exhibition to our people. It is difficult to follow the reasoning of any one who would seek to mnke nn issue of the question of law-enforcement. The executive obligation, both national and state, ou assuming the oath of office is to "preserve, protect nud defend the constitution of the United Stntcs." The constitution, iu Its essence, is the li cense and limitation given to and placed pou the lnw-mnklng body. The legis lative branch of government is sub jected to tho rule of the majority. The public official who fails to enforce the law, is an enemy both to the const! tiitlou and to the American principle, covermneiit of the United States. I! '"" tl r,"Lc- ll .1', ' Tcm J""" i Multiply our home owners nnd you will unnecessary for nny candidate for the presidency to say that he does not in tend to violate his oath of office. Any one who is fnlse to that oath is more unworthy than the law violator him self. Morals can not easily he produced bv statute. The writ of injunction should not be abused. Intended as a snfeguard to person and property, it irould ensilv by- ubuse cease to be the protective device it was intended to be. Capital develops into large units without violence to public sentiment or injurv to public interest; the same principle should not be denied to lnbor. Collective bargaining through the means of representatives selected bv the em ployer nud employe respectively, will be helpful, rather than harmful to the general interest. Resides, there is no ethical objection "that can be raised to it. e should not, by law, abridge a man s right either to labor or to quit his employment. However, neither ln bor nor capital should at any time or iu any circumstances, take action that would put in jeopardy the public wel- We need a definite nnd precise state ment of policy as to what business man and workiiignicn juny do und may not do by way of combination and collective uiioi. in,, mw is now so nebulous that it almost turns upon the economic predilections of the judge or Jury. This does not make for confidence in the courts nor respect for the laws, nor for SJVu i ac!.Vity in Production and distribution. Theie surely will be found way by uhif, co-operation may be en couraged without the destruction of en terprise 'lhe rules of business should he made more certain, so thnt on a stable basis nieii may move with eon- Government, however, should pro vide the means in the treatment of Its employes, to keep in touch with con nltions and to rectify wrong. It is needless to say that in order to be conl s stent facts should at all times juh tify tin. presupposition thnt the gov eminent employes nre properly com pensnted. The child life of the nation should be conserved: if labor in Immature ears is permitted by one generation, it is practicing unfairness to the next. Agriculture Hnsls of All Industry Agriculture is but another form of ndustry. In fact, it is the basis of Industry because upon it depends the food supply. The drift from country, side into the city carries disquieting poitents. If our growtli in nianufac taring in tltc next few yenrs holds its present momentum, It will bo neces snrj for America to tmtmri- fnnwfr., It therefore devolves upon government, through intensive scientific co-operntion, to help in maintaining as nearly as possible the existing balance be tween food production and consump tion. Farming will not Inspire individual I'tiui-i unless proilts, nil things consider ed, are equal to those in other activi ties. An additional check to depleted ranks in tho fields would be tlie estab lishment of modern btnto rural school Xodes. The federal government should mnlntaiu nctive sponsorship of this. Rural parents would be locking in the cicmeni wnicli niiiltes civilization en juts iM'iwrcn tue two. Society nnd government, particularly local and state, have been remiss In not modernizing local marketing facilities. Municipalities must iu large measure interest themselves iu, if not directly control cnmmiinltv innrkntu rDiIu t - ' ."-.,-.. . . ...r. ik 11 ' matter 01 sucn importance tint tie f,i. . L - ,,: , , . .. - ''ral government can profitably expend ""ncy and clTort in helping to evolve methods nnd to show their virtues, "in. or f"1r,"'or1 rnlsr5 Mn. c,r?P "!"' l,ri('c 1 nt which ho receives is determined by Mm- 'I "nU n7 .ire d, cenassin,'" I'l' """ l'nrK and nioi uco pass into cod "5? ""ll""?! .'? ' cy reach , " '-T r"'"" " " ,',?","' W '"' ' ' ' ......... -"-- ,"-.-, . "" I'f-.I1U meree, tne responsiDinty ,1a with the federal government, Supplies aro gathered .in from the farm in times of plenty. Tliev Mn ., lly be fed ou,t to the consumer in such - un 11 iwjih;u i'i. i iiiirrmiiio pnm. $2,000,000,000 SAVING SEEN IF BUDGET SYSTEM IS ADOPTED Nominee Convinced yearly Including Interest and Sinking Fund Provisions, Can Re Reduced to $4,000,000,000 , . ENFORCEMENT OF LAW PLEDGED: SPECIFIC EN ru no CIVIC IM I ur LHVV ruuuu&u, oi uvii iu MENTION OF mnncr ns to kppp th6 0(,mani1 jn rxCcss 0f that part or tho simply which is re- 1(,n(!(V(I from Rtornge. This is nn uufnir prnctCP nn,i Hn0uld be stopped. Re- ,t,i !,. i,,,i,i i, iim limit he- vnm) whcI, perishable foodstuffs should not c stored, livery sueccsstui modern business enterprise hns Its purchasing, rmiPnK nnd selling departments. The farmer hns maintained only one, the nrnduelne dennrtment. tj nt on)v fnir that he be enabled i,ntii to purchase and to sell advan-J tngeously, hut it is absolutely neces- lie has been unable to compete In the pnst and his help in consequence has been insufficient. Therefore the right of co-operntlve, purchasing and selling In the modern view should be removed from all question. Agricultural thought hns 'not been sufficiently represented In nffalrs of gov ernment. Mnny of the branches of the government which deal remotely or di rectly with the soil nnd Its problems and its possibilities would be more valu able to the general welfare If the prac tical experience of the farmer were nn element in their adminlstrntion. To be specific, tho Interstate Commerce Commission, the Jfcdernl Reserve Ronrd. the Federal Trade Commission nnd the United Stntcs Tariff Commis sion nre ndministered by business men. Hoes nnv one contribute more to the making and success of rnilroads thnn the farmer or to the creation and pros perity of the bonk" or a the stability of manufacturing nnd trnde units, or to the agencies interested in exporting . Dccrcaso In Tenantry Vital Our objective should he n decreased tennntry. With the period of occu pancy uncertain, the renter strips land of its fertile elements and encli yenr diminishes our national assets. Inder the operation of the Federal Reserve nnd the fnrm loan acts encouragement hns come to thousands who lind thnt indus-in- clmrnrter nml intelligence arc 11 to the people s imnser, mnke the wny of the seditious agitator more difficult. Krlng into tuc picture of American life more families, happily a part of garden nnd flowers all their own. and vou will find new streams running Into the national current of patriotism. Help to equalize the bur dens of taxation by making the hold ers of hidden wealth pay tneir share with those whose property is in sight. In short, remove the pennlty imposed upon home-building thrift, nnd thou sands of contented households, under the shelter of their own roof, will look upon government with nffectlon, rec ognizing thnt In protecting it they pro tect themselves. There nre more home owners in America than ever hefore. The prosperity nf the c-u-.tw under Democratic rule has been widely dif fused. Never hefore lias tlie great mass of the people shared in the blessings nf plenty. There is much to be done, however, in multiplying our home own ers. Nothing will bring more golden return to the welfare of the republic. Common prudence would suggest that we increase to our utmost our area of tillnble land. The rnce between in crenscd consumption and added acreage hns been an unenuul one. Modern methods of soil treatment have been helpful, but they have their limitations. There are still vast empires in extent in our country performing no service to liumnnity. They require only the np piled genius of men to cover tllem with the bloom nnd harvest of human neces sities. The government should turn its best eiii'ineeritig talent to the tak of irrigation projects. Kvery dollar spent will yield compensating results. Aiiy discussion of tlie question of food supply leads very quickly to the closely related matter of transportation. There is no one thing which brings us so intermittently to critical conditions ns 'the insufficiency of. our trnnspor taton facilities. Roth the railroads and the public are to blame. There hns been no mnterlal addition to the total mile ugo in tlie last ten years, and the in I'rrgVe iu terminnls has been much less thau required. At the beginning of the wnr the roll ing stock was sadly reduced and inade quate. Tho public had not given iu pay for service sufficient levenues on which credit could bo allowed by the banks. Moral assistance was withheld because of railroad policies that did not bring approval. Many of these corporations had made themselves n part of politi cal activities, local, state and national. Then there were more or less sporadic Instances of stock -watering opeintions, nnd tlie exploitation of utility proper ties for personal gain. Abuses were not genernl, but they were sufficient to bring the entire rail road systems of the country in disrepute. Tho good suffered with the evil. When the trnnsportntlon lines wero taken over by the government they were barely able to ump inrnugii tne taK of tlie dav unity 111 operation nnu tne merging nfj every mile of track and terminal nnd every enr anil engine into a co-ouli-nated plan of operation enabled the gov ernment to transport trnons and sun- plies, nt the same time affording, under great stress, h satisfactory outlet for our industries. It should he remembered In thin enn. ncctian that except for tho motortruck which supplemented trnnsnovtiitinn l.v rail and except for the creat nine Hnn which conveyed oil for commercial pur noses, we should not. in all probability, hnvc been able to throw our deciding strength Into tho balance and win the war. Any attempt to discredit the federal operation of railroads during the years of grave emergency i.s unfair. In the case of those who know thn facts It is insincere. Too much cannot he said In prniso of those who directed this work, nor of the men who physically operated the lines under the discourag ing conditions of poor equipment. Railroad Problem Still Exists Rut all of this is water over the wheel. The problem of the railroads is still with us, 'lhe government ami the public should render every co operation in tlie utmost good faith to give thorough test to private ownership The railroads have had their lesson Government regulation is accepted now ns not only n snfeguard to tho public but as n conserving process to the utility. Financial credit is necessary to physical rehabilitation and it should he sufficient for the periods of maximum demand. Wc should not Jose sght, however, of the vast possibilities 'of supplementary ANNUAL Expense of Government, PROHIBITION ISSUE OMITTED service by water. The Great Lakes and St. Lawrence navigation project, par. ticularly, should claim the interest ol tho government. About onc-thlrd ol our states would be Biipplied with an outlet for every -ton of their exports The opportunity to make of the lake harbors great ocean ports of entry inspiring to contcmplntc. In the crop-movlng period, the call on the railroads Is stnggcrlng. drain nation more or less general, the farmer I'"" "I' " uitvitmiu, mill gln. splls his product under tho most . favorable conditions. The trackage and the terminnls In middle states partlcu. larly are clogged with this traffic, and Interference with loenl movements of freight is Inevitable. The solution would be simplified bv utilizing the waterways ' Aside from this, the nccrulng gain from every crop would be a consideration, for the reason that the price of grain In this country is hiadc by the Chicaw market and It is determined by the London quotations. The price in tli Rrltish metropolis is a stated figure le the cost of transportation. The routine of these commodities by water would effect a saving of approximately clzht cents n bushel, which means that Atner. ican grain would net just that much Currency Reform For more than forty years before"1 In 1M2. n reform of our banking and currency system had been almost ,ii. versally demanded nnd had been year after year deferred or refuel i. if. stnnd-nat element of the Republican party in obedience to orders. The f . trol'of money-and interest rates had long been held by favored grouns whn were thus able to dominate markets regulate prices, favor friends, drst. rivals, precipitate nnd end panics and in short, through their iinnnnui . ".. ami political outposts, be the reai rulers of America. lhe ledcral Reserve net was oris nated. advocated nnd made a law bv a Democratic President and Congre against the bitter protests of the Repub lican stand-natters, wlm i,n-i. ,...Y..". exception voted against it. Anions the"; ineii nre tne tamiliarnames of Senators Lodge. Penrose nml Kn,f n. i.'Vi Senate cabal responsible for'thc existing status in the leadership of their party S . i.,c Inderal Reserve act is admitted " ." , "e most constructive monetary P',sIntion .I" l'tory. At a stroke! , pS,,rre? i ."wcr over mmpy Z'LiLa,n(l,n lt,e-v. represent from ou WllPrn Pi'nrt' MtU.... I equal right and where the principle thnt the credit of American business si a! Vv,lTrtutUc ,I,'si,s,1f '"'ministration l.ierj citizen should be nlert to cunrd tSenCrPfat i"rit',.'"i Which IS hl g ' antee of credit independence. It should e kept from the hands of those who have never been its friends, and who by changes in n few obscpre pnras " .wild translate it into n greater po J for evil than It ever has been for good. Federal Reserve System Commended nfI.t.iVn!",0'!tT.,"3ncrCi,sary ,0 "Pali of the Federal Reserve system in con nection with the wlnnlns of the war. ns next to the consecration of our man hood and womanhood Itself the greatest factor was the marshalins into one unit through the Federal Reserve banks of he stupendous wealth of America. To those of vision who look out beyond our shores into thnt cnmmercinl domain where wo arc so justly entitled to enter L" ? tIm,, of I,cni-e' ,ntt- power of tho federal Reserve sjsteni can be seen pro moting In every quarter of the globe an ever-widening flow of American com merce. ' vJl' 221nnvo n merchant marine if "fH-MO.MO tons nggregnte, every ship flyins tho American flag and enrrv ing in American bottoms the products of Jim 1 nml ,',nine ntul fn-'tory nnd farm, litis would seem to be a guarantee ef continued prosperity. Our facilities for exchange nndVeredlt. however! in foreign narts, should be enlarged and, under the l'cdernl Reserve system, banks should be established in important trading cen ters. I am impressed also with the impor tance of iinproring. K not reorganizing, our consulnr service. The certain in crease In foreign trado would seem to demand it. This suggests another change. Our ambassadors to foreign countries hnve had assigned to them ft military nnd n naval nttnehc. The staff should he enlarged so ns to include an officer of the government whose exclu sive duty would be to make observation nnd report development nnd improve ment J 11 educational and social problems generally. Government bureaus during the war had close contact with tho business organization of the country. Thnt ex perience revealed the modern need ol reorganization nlnng purely business lines. The advantages of a democracy in government need not be recounted. It has heen held hv evnerfH flint it in- vmves tne disadvantage ot disuursi.- incuts, authorized bv the lawmaking power without sufficient knowledge nt the need of the service, or the possi bilities of. extravagance. Budget System Demanded Tho answer to this is the budget system. No successful business enter prise of nny sizo can operate without it. For n hundred ycifts tho federal unit, nnd the stntcs as well, made ap propriations without determining ths difference between departmental need and caprice, nt the same time paying little attention to thn relation as be tween income nnd expense. Mnny of tlie states hnvo adopted a budget system, nnd with n success that cnrrles no exception. Ffilciency ha been improved departmental responsi bility has been centered, and economies have heen effected, Tho same can , M done by tho federal government. TM system will rcvenl nt once, ns it dw in tho states, n vast surplusage of em plnjos. It awnketis individual Interest, encourages greater eflort nnd gives op' portunlty for taient to nssert itseli. The normal course of least resistanc develops in government bureaus a hard' pan which retards progress. When tin reorganization is mnde, pay houla bo commensurate with,, scrvlco. Many federal departments where ran ficntlonj touch the country generally hivo lost vnliuible men to bushiest). This lias badly crlpnled poslnfllccH. tin railway mall service nnd other '.'.niches. I nm convinced .::. conslderaDlJ (itltilv nt l,n ....UJ.. lt.V 4l.n A.nitnLA 01 -,uuj u. illV DUUJtlb llllll. HIU Vfv.'--- i- . lue government can, wlthotit loss of wi I nfTi uY"r' "j into the kcepin? of the people themselves, nnd instead of one center to which all paid tribute! n; uu iwi'iVC ClinrlPla nf fi irrruom Contlnucfl en rwioirpr r i "''. 'h.-.-: sscte .i-vAv ifrtctf-S,. f-. ' J,'. 1"f &4&j?JSL:fi&&to
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers