r w PL t; ' fi 9i P ..--. vr: PI Brfe-HI SYiPvi FKi'i'a irKt.vei, ESSS rr.Vti s' : t.a '"3 m IV -l.i f : Li (, V fis ' fc lS IV l W68K1 MWttJ I'vf K R ! S-.1 w: im 1' & h-ff.x j. --;r"gj irl :ff I & -WW sBUr,'1 I !t 'I ' Rr ,t'" r-. ., 8 i EVENING' PUBLIC? LEDGEEr-PHILADELPHIA, WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 7, 1920 MERCIER "NEVER PROMISED" TO SUBMIT TO THE CENSORSHIP T i Explanatory Comment Thero 5s an old Belgian adage which runs thus: "Walloon and Flamand aro first names; the family in Belgium." Tho Germans obstinately refused to recognize this fact. It stood in the way of their char acteristic plan to divide tho Belgian nation by capitalizing the ancient quarrel largely cultural between those of King Albert's subjects whose mother tongue was French with a Walloon accent and those whoso native language was Flemish. Von Bissing's plan to erect a linguistic barrier across Belgium is evident in his orders concerning the use of Flemish in the primary schools, a fiat against which Cardinal Mercier strongly protests in the appended letter to M. Corman. The most grandiose feature of tho hypocritical scheme, however, related to the University of Ghent. A lively dispute over the language to be spoken in this institution animated Belgian politics in the years immediately preceding tho war. The Flemings felt that their interests were being discountenanced by the French-speaking population. But tho invasion promptly ended these domestic differences. Flamand and Walloon joined hands and hearts against the oppressor. Tho Governor General refused to see the situation that way. He interested himself in the project to convert Ghent into a narrowly Flemish University. The two great Flemish organizations of the country instantly repudiated his plan. Professor Pirenno, a noted Flamand, refused to accept the position of rector, of the college. Professor Fredericq also declined to accept tho ruling ordering him to give his lectures in Flemish. Tho two eminent scholars, who, until the war set aside local quarrels, had been actively pro-Flamand, were deported to Germany. ' ' Von Bissing had so much trouble in securing Flemish professors that he eventually imported teachers from tho Netherlands and Germany. His sinister plan for disrupting national sentiment in Belgium by playing upon tho language line-up proved in tho end an utter fizzle. Hun -psychology, resplendent in theory, failed once more miserably in practice. THOUSANDS KILLED IN BO QUAK E Damage So Widespread That Total Casualties May Never Be Known SHOCKS STILL CONTINUE Cardinal Mercier's Story Including his correspondence with the German authorities In Belgium during the war, 1914 to 1918, edited by Professor Fernand Mayence of Louvain University and translated by the Dene dietine Monks of St. Augustine's, Ramsgate, England. CHAPTER XXVIII Interference of the Occupying Power With the Teaching of the Normal Schools "DEGINNING with the month of February 1916, the -- Governor General, on the pretense of doing justice to the Flemish claims, in reality to prepare for the ad ministrative separation which later on he intended to bring about, published a long series of orders concern ing the use of Flemish in the primary schools. Cer tain provisions of these orders were at variance with Belgian legislation. Accordingly, M. de la Vallee Pous sin, secretary general of the ministry of sciences and nrts, in a note addressed to the Governor General, de clared that he could not become an accomplice in the execution of illegal decrees. The only answer vouch safed to him by the Governor General was an intima tion that he was forbidden for the future the exercise of his functions as well as all access to the office of his ministry. On the 2d of August Baron von Bissing published of these schools to give instruction in religion and morals or in the event of my considering such nomi nations unnecessary for the time being, to examine tho feasibility of intrusting such instructions to cu rates. I regret I see no means of complying with your request owing to the scarcity of priests from which we are suffering. A good number of our clergy are serving as chaplains or stretcher-bearers at the front, and one after another our zealous priests have been sent to prison in Belgium or deported into Germany. Hence the number of priests employed in active Vork, either in parochial duties or in teaching, is daily growing less; they are overburdened with work, and I shrink from rendering their task still heavier. Accept the assurance of my sincere esteem. (Signed) D. J. CARDINAL MERCIER, Archbishop of Malines. CHAPTER XXIX Interview Between the Cardinal and Baron von der Lanckcn Regarding the Pastoral Letter "The Voice of God" ANOTHER pastoral letter of the Cardinal, dated Ro sary Sunday (October 1, 1916), entitled "The Voice of God," was the cause of a fresh conflict between the Cardinal and the Govcrner General. The first part of the letter was read in all the churches of the diocese on Sunday, October 15, of the same year Hy tlio Associated I'rcss Mexico City, .Tnn. 7. Hundreds, possibly thousands, of lives were lost I ns n result of the rnrthquakp which shook the state of Vern Crux Saturday niRht. So widespread wns the damage done by the shock and so wild aro some of the sections thnt suffered from it that it is probable the number of cas ualties will never bo known. Private dispatches received here from Vera Onus and Jalapa state that 1000 persons lost their lives at Couztlan. These reports, which arc said at both cities to be reliable, confirm informa tion Riven out last night by presiden tial military lieadqunrtcrs. Thirty lives were lost at Teocclo, where three churches and forty houses were de stroyed. Volcanic eruptions have occurred at Cofrc de Pcrite, from which point to the volcano of Orizaba the shock seem ed to center, according to rumors. Flood waters pouring down the Pesendos river have inundated Ishuacan, Mnhauxtlan and Tlapanala, while many ranches are under water. Uarranca (irande and l.os Simmies are also suffering from floods, it is reported from Vera Cruz. Twenty bodies have been recovered from the 1'cscados at Jalcomulco and Apaza pan. There were three slight shocks yes terday, according to information given out yesterday afternoon at the astro nomical observatory at Tacobaya, a sub urb of Mexico City. They were so feeble that they could be detected only by instruments. Subterranean noises are still notice able in the Pedrcgal, a rocky waste near this city, and great cracks have ap peared in tho earth. Travelers re turning here from Vera Cruz say some streams were dried up as a result of the shock and it is feared that many mills near Orizaba, which depend upon watcrpowcr, will be compelled to close. REDS AGAIN OFFER PEACETOALLIES Bolshehviki Promise to. Abolish Terrorism and Revolu tionary Tribunals DENIKINE ARMY CUT IN TWO Ily tlio Associated Press Stockholm, .Tan. 7. Nikolai Icninc, Russian Bolshevik premier, has made a new pence offer to tho Allies, which is being taken to London bv Colonel Tal- lents. British representative in tthe Ilaltic states. Among other conditions included in'the oiler Is a promise to abolish terrorism and the activity of revolutionary tribunals, according to an Ksthonlau newspaper. London, Jon. 7. The Polshevlki have captured the seaport of Mariupol, in the government of Ekntcrinoslav, sixty-three miles west of Taganrog. Panic exists amonc the bourgeoisie i of Odessa owing to the approach of tlio Bolshevik army. Large numbers arc leaving for Constantinople and enormous prices are being paid for pas sage on steamers. The Reds have succeeded in cutting Dpnlkinc's armies in two. The wedge driven south with such force last week was aimed at Taganrog-, where Denikiuc has bad his military headquarters, but the actual breach of the armies has taken place ninety miles farther west, at Mariupol. A Bolshevik communication received here last night, says: "We have captured Mariupol with Aftm cninlinr nf Via TrnfTipf frial In Tcliinli a fresh order "relative to the teaching staff in primary Belgium had been subjected, the Cardinal exhorted his and infant schools, also concerning the granting of cer- flock to ause and consider and endeaVor to realize the tificatcs to qualified teachers." This order, upsetting the whole teaching of the nor mal schools in the Flemish provinces, was in flagrant opposition to the Belgian law. In Article 3, paragraph 2, he ventured even to fix tho language in which com munications to parents should be drawn up. M. Cor man, director of primary education, having officially informed tho Cardinal of the publication of this order, received this reply: Hague Convention Ignored Archbishop's House, Malines, October 13, 1916, To M. Corman, Director of Primary Education, Brus sels. Sir You have been kind enough to convey to me, on behalf of the minister of sciences and arts, an order of August 3, 1916, concerning the use of lan guages in the teaching at the normal schools. This order, I grieve to say, ignores The Hague convention and the Belgian constitution. It transgresses the lim its fixed by Article 43 to the acts of the occupying power. In virtue of this Article 43, indeed, the steps which the occupying power is authorized to take have exclusively for their object the re-establishment and maintenance of public life and order, by respecting, save where quite impossible, the laws already in force in the country. The regulation on a novel basis of the use of lan guages in normal education has no relation whatever to the public life and order of the country. The oc cupying.power by interfering in this matter goes be yond the role which is recognized as belonging to it by the law of nations. Furthermore, the provisions contained in Article 3, paragraph 2, is tainted with unconstitutionalism. In virtue of the constitution, Article 23, the use of languages employed in Bel gium is optional. It can only be regulated by the legislature, and this regulation can only be enforced , in administrative and judicial acts. Our free schools enjoy in this respect the same privileges as private individuals. The correspondence with pupils' parents is on all fours with a correspondence between pri vate persons; no legal enactment fixes the language to be employed nor can any member of the legislature seek to fix it without a direct infringement of Article 23 of the constitution. Thus the law of 1878, which prescribes the lan guages to be used in administrative correspondence, only concerns state functionaries. Communes and private individuals make use of what language they, choose. The limitation which the constitution imposes on the legislature is imposed a fortiori on the executive. Itegard for the law of nations and the Belgian con stitution forbids me then to take any part in the en forcement of the order of August 2 on the free normal schools of the diocese of Malines. Receive, Mr. Director, the assurance of my sin cere esteem (Signed) D. J. CARDINAL MERCIER, Archbishop of Malines. Though there was no need for them, the Governor General opened two new Flemish normal schools at Laeken and at Uccle. M. Corman, director of primary education, officially informed the Cardinal of this and requested him to appoint for each of these schools an ecclesiastic to whom instruction in relic-ion and morals could be intrusted. The Cardinal refused his assistance yu personally the first copy, not in manuscript but in to tho establishment of these needless schools, designed Proof- l replied, 'I am quite willing to send you a as they wore to exercise a Germanizing influence on C0PV at the 6ame mo that I send letter to my tho Belgians. The number of his priests had, moreover, clergy, but on no account in advance. That would be been considerably reduced, a good number of them tantamount to a tacit acknowledgment that I submit my beintr with the army in Holland or in Encland. or in W'? t0 vour gQ Pleasure, 'that I cannot do." deep meaning of the circumstances of the times, and fixing their eyes on eternity to listen to the voice of God. "Christ," said he, "gives to us through the mys tery of His death and resurrection the key to these events. Life springs from death." The letter concluded with an exhortation to prayer. "Let us be grateful to God. The independence of our country is todav no longer subject to doubt; let us bless God for having assured its preservation. Let us pray for those of our dear country who are present and those who are away, our brave prisoners and our dear refugees we must not exclude any one from our prayers, not even our enemies, but Christian theology teaches us to regu late our affections. 'Love with predilection,' says St. Thomas, 'those who do good to you.' Let us then above all pray for our dear soldiers whom we hold so dear, not only on account of the close and intimate ties of blood and patriotism, but also for their whole-hearted devotedness to their country and to us. Let us pray also for their wives and mothers, silent heroines of tho great European drama, and finally for the armies of our allies, who, in the east, west and south, fight so bravely and with such stubbornness for the common cause." The Cardinal furthermore asked for prayers for stricken Poland and the poor Armenian people. "And let us continue to the end," he concludes, "patiently, perseveringly. Sursum corda. Lift up your hearts. Let us hasten our deliverance. Let us implore God in the words of the holy liturgy, 'Come to my aid. O God, O Lord, make haste to help me," (Deus in ad jutorium meum intende, Domine ad adjuvandum me festina.) Meanwhile be calm, be courageous, do not murmur. Let us apply to our sufferings as patriots what our Saviour said of our eternal salvation, "He that shall persevere to the end shall be saved." "Qui per severaverit usque in finem hie salvus crit," Printers of Pastoral Arrested On October 9 the printers of the pastoral letter MM. Smeesters, father and son were arrested. In the course of a domiciliary visit made to their printing works, 250 copies of the letter were seized by the. police. On Sunday, October 5, the very day on which the first part of the pastoral was read irom the pulpit, tho Kreischef of Malines asked the Cardinal if he could receive the chief of the diplomatic department, Baron von der Lancken, at 7 p. m. To this the Cardinal agreed. At the appointed hour the Baron presented him self at the archbishop's house and was conducted to his Eminence. "I am in an extremely difficult position," said he. "I had hoped that your Eminence would do nothing to provoke fresh dispute and, had, in fact, communicated my impression to thj joernor General. And now he is intensely annoyed. 'You see,' said he to me, 'the Cardinal has again published a document, and in spito of my orders ignored the censorship and takes ad vantage of the occasion to meddle in politics.' " "I never promised you," answered the Cardinal, "to submit to the censorship. You yourself were one day good enough to grant that it would be very diffi cult for me to do so and suggested many petty ex pedients for evading it, none of which satisfied me. The question therefore remained unsolved, and I in formed you that I was preparing a letter for publica tion. You will recall our conversation and acknowledge that none of your suggested expedients appeared to me desirable. You particularly requested me to send Invat Your Surplut We recommend the purchase of Am. Gas & Elec. Co. Preferred Stock at $43 per share Pays $3 dividend annually This Is 7 on the Investment Carstairs $ Co. Meuilwm riillndelnhln nni New York Stock Kichiwre 1419 Walnut Street 71 Broadway. N. Y. largo quantities' of booty. The enemy fled, partly ou steamers and partly along the coast." New York, Jan. 7, (By A. P.) Whatever differences hcretofo'ro may have existed between General Scni enoff and Admiral Kolchak, "the mis understanding no longer exists," de clared Surgeon General Michael A. Jogolcvitch, special envoy of General .Senicnoft, in a statement here yester day. He arrived Monday, having left Siberia a month ago. The visitor said he is hero to tell the American people,' and especially the American government, about eastern Russia. "flet vnur Government to co-onerntc with its business men," he urged, "thni they may come to our assistance, unci you will bo killing bolshcvlsm more surely than by sending armies and munitions." Taris, Jan. 7. (Ity A. P.) Iego tiatlons recently carried on in War paw between Ukraine and Poland have led to an understanding between the two governments, according to unof ficial ndvlces received from Warsaw. It is said the Polish government has l'ho 'Hru.h-jeonseutcd to rccog.d?C the JpZ ' nnrn l...-.l I... ., " "MT COtlM.1 Galicin.U "UUUUU" U8 Cmm ln i ,r jL "3L5Ctol",llttVV v wr sm the prisons of Belgium or Germany. Cardinal Opposes New Schools This is the reply he addressed to M. Corman: Archbishop's House, Malines, , November 1, 1916. To the Director General of Primary Education, Sir I beg to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of 31st October, in which you inform me that ,a 6th November next two training colleges for itMehers will be opened, one at Laeken, the other atr Um!. L ; You request mo to annolnt an ecclesiastic to ich l".,, i - t. r. del "bui auer an," replied tne uaron, "could you not contrive to let a proof copy be left behind on the table in one or other of the houses I am accustomed to visit in Brussels?" "No, I do not particularly care for these paltry ex pedients which do not solve the problem. You would always have tl right to say that I had in a covert manner recognized your right to censor a document es sential to the exercise of my ministry. That is a matter of principle on which I cannot yield." (CONTINUED TOMORROW) Copyright, 1910, v Pubtta Lndger Co, Copyright, Canada, iito, Vv Publio Ledger Co. International Copyright, W0, bv Public Ledger Oo "Th Guarantee it ih Bank far M." 7n ve TAeadlf breaking His Bell On September 30. 1713. William Hill. Beadle of Philadelphia, being in anger, broke his bell and swore he would not longer continue his office. For thio act he was soon sorry and come begging rein statement. 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