iftmu" '-" lEXING PUBLIC LEDGE& PHILADELPHIA, MONDAY, DECEMBER 2D, 1919 v- ,9r'rTmjmii' -Hi' 7 lHt r I E h 1 - If I' 7 F?F 0? GERMAN POLICE TURNED AGAINST PRIESTS IN BELGIUM, 1 1 Raid on College of St. Michael. However, Only Succeeds in Discovery of Copies ofY lAurc uetgujue Hector Is Arrested and Other Clergy Threatened With Imprisonment Explanatory Comment rjlV,niZ is a desperate monotony about most of the relations of the Geiman authorities with Cardinal! Mercicr. What deeply offended them was the unequivocal courage and frankness of the prelate's pastoral ' lcttcis The private correspondence, which so often ended in Teutonic discomfiture, could be ended whenever Von Hissing or Von dcr Lanckon saw fit. ' Hut the pastorals wore public document?. The spit it of them lepcalcdly revivified all Belgium and passed tiiumphantly beyond the frontiers and the Germaij ring of steel. In a shoit time the substance of the "Return from Rome" was known throughout the globe. . Could the Gcimans have had their way they would have promptly punished the Cardinal for his plain speaking. Such revenge, however, was impossible for .'evcral ieason. s the primate several times explained he was the servant, sti icily s-penklng. of neither the German nor the lic'gian Governments, but of the Church of Rome. The state religion of Austria was Roman Catholic. Thorn weio millions of Catholic subjects of William IJ in South Germany, notably in Havana. Persecution of so high a functionary of the church as a Cardinal would have rais-ed a tremendous protest, not only in onomy ' and neutral countries, but in the Central Powers themselves. It was different with the lurmblrr ranks of the clergj. The Gcimans tiustcd to suppiosion of the facts ( concerning their treatment of patriotic Belgian priests and to beclouding the questions at issue so that the i truth was difficult to unearth. And so, whenever the Caidinal bared his brave soul in a pastoral, the Germans letaliated by new ai rests ' among the clerics. It was the natuic of the bully to prey upon those persons who weic least able to conduct j an imposing defiance. The Cardinal always sprang swiftly to their defense. ' Hence the rc-cnactment of well-worn situations. The game of pretended indignation over trifles was regulaily played immediately after the Cardinal' had discharged his most magnificent and inspiring heavy ; artillery. KELLY'S 12 n. pth Qljen Day & Night Oysters hi Every Stylt We Ilm f im Kvtlltnt l.oral ' NHml Rto'tUtlon Galvanized Boat Pumps j ltf1MMlU,tta1 !..l,Herr Va..t,t N" lit e .Vnlit tooo. Mnrket "..,. j5jjj2s!Li Special Offer to Your Army Bl'ue, Bl Brown Overcoat ck or Dyed $3.00 11.1 li i.irrrl lul If mil nf (own. r till mill ColUfr. I'lionrl Poplar 7GG0 II H ClirMnul St. s. . Cor. Mil A r.31, Orrmuntonn Avrnim CLEANERS AND DYERS KS.V.'ft: 1616"28 N- 2l Street BAR s 13C Cardinal M O ercier s Otory Including; lus Vorrespondsnce witl'i the German authorities in Belgium during the war, 1914 to 1918, edited by Professor Fernand Maycncs of Lotivain University and translated by the Bene dictine Monks of St. Augustine's, Ramsgate. England. CHAPTER XXIV Patriotic Action of the Priests TN CONSEQUENCE of the polemic raised hy the Car A dinal's journey and the publication of his letter, "On My Return from Rome," the occupying power redoubled the rigor of its measures nffecting the clergy. In close succession several priests and clerics were arrested. The finy of the Geiman 'police was let loose especially against the great educational establishments at Brus sels. On March 10 a search, accompanied hy a good deal of uproar, was made at the Collcgoof St. Michael. At half-past five in the morning a hundred policemen and soldiers made a raid on the establishment. In spite of the most minute search, lasting till midday, they only succeeded in discovering and carrying off as booty some copies of the newspaper Libre Belgique. Never- thclcss Frere Devroyc, rector of the college, who had Just come out of prison, was again arrested. On April 14 it was the turn of St. Louis's Institute to receive a visit from the German police. They were looking for a student of philosophy, whom they suc ceeded in finding. .That evening Canon Cochetcux, the director of the institute, and the Abbe Truycns were. taken to the Kommandantur. The Governor General, in order to show plainly that in pursuing the clergy he had chiefly tho Cardinal in view, inserted an official notice in the German press and the censored press of Belgium that arrests had been made in an ecclesiastical establishment where tho Cardinal had apartments and where he stayed when ever ho came to Brussels. On May 22 tho military prosecutor asked for Canon Cochetcux a sentence of a year and three months imprisonment-for having advised pupils of his establish ment to join the Belgian army, and that the Abbe Truycns should bo sentenced to ten years' penal servi tude for having given the lads tho necessary instruc tions for crossing tho frontier. A Tilt With Von Dcr Lancken His Eminence wrote to. Baron von der Lancken pointing out the serious consequences that would result? to scholastic institutions from the arrest of their di rectors and professdrs. There followed between the Cardinal and the chief of the political department a correspondence relative to the attitude of the occupying power toward the clergy. Archbishop's House, Malincs, May 23, 191G. To Baion von dcr Lancken, Chief of the Political Department, Government General, Brussels. My dear Baron As n result of the confidential conversation that his Excellency the Nuncio of Brus sels has had the honor to have with you and of which he was good enough to inform me, I have personally supported Madame- Wibin's request to his Excel lency the Governor General, Baron von Bissing. I am confident that this request will be favorably re ceived and I thank you beforehand for the kindness with which you have promised to support it. But I beg- for more than this. I ask for your support on behalf of other matters affecting public order and which deeply concern me. Numerous priests engaged in teaching, notably tho rector and prefect of studies of St. Michael's College, tho director and several professors of St. Louis'! Institute at Brus- x eels arc already in prison or threatened with im prisonment. You arc aware that our teaching staff is already greatly reduced, as several of our pro fessors arc in the army engaged as ambulance-bear-cis or chaplains. If tho military authorities continue to persecute our clergy, we should bo compelled to face the painful contingency of having to close our ecclesiastical colleges. I particularly call your attention and the clem ency of the Governor General 'to this situation at the moment when tho military prosecutor is asking for years of imprisonment against the director and teachers of St. Louis's Institute. Receive, Baron, the expression of my siuceie esteem. ) (Signed) D. J. CARDINAL MERCIER, Archbishop of Malines. Note Madame Wibin was asking for a passport to Switzerland. The Chief of the Political Department of the Gov ernment General of Belgium. Brussels, May .11', 1016. To His Eminence Cardinal Merrier, Archbishop of Malincs. In anstver to your Eminence's esteemed letter ' of the 23rd inst., I have the honor to inform you that I have liven my support to Madame Wibin's-request to the Governor General and also that this will Ik granted. The incidents that took place at St. Louis's In stitute are seised by your Eminence as an occasion for reopening the question of putting the clergy under arrest. If your Eminence will allow me to speak frankly, a fresh exchange of viewa is 'in no way un ucccplable to me. In 4aoU ever since the beginning of the occupation this question has interested the German, quite as keenly as it has the ecclesiastical, authorities. It appears to me, nevertheless, that up io the present your Eminence has not grasped quite accurately the point of view from which the oc cupying power regards the matter. Even in your last Icttcri you make ,use of the eXiression, "perse ' cuiion of the clerpy." In tio'rase can it be a question of persecution. When clergymen arc condemned this is in virtue, of the enforcrment of laws and decrees before which everybody js lauds on an eaiiality. The military court lake fotiw?a.ncjnf wrongrdoingTn.d matyr iyha thf. f-Vlpnt may 6cJ It would bo p. flagrant injustice jqr us io accord special privileges to the clergy. To grant them after conviction, systematically, so to say, the remission of their punishment would be to ride straight toward the overthrow of justice. Naturally your Eminence denies attention to the injury caused to the ecclesiastical education and yon tind therein an adequate reason for claiming ex ceptions in favor of the clergy. The gravity of this reason must not be disregarded. But it is precisely for that reason that, according Io my vieiv, priests should, first and foremost, attend to the performance of their duties and not to run the risk of condemna tion. I think I am all the better authorized to speak in this way, seeing that their crimes, all things con sidered, bear forsooth the character of political dem onstration. In taking severe steps against clergymen who are guilty of any infringement of the law, the judicial authorities of the occupying power do not apply any principle which is not in keeping with Belgian legis lation. The penal code expressly punishei attacks mudc in the course ofrcligious services, cither againtt the gdvcrnmenl or against an act of public authority. I need hardly tell your Eminence that vo one more than the Governor General deplores the neces sity of enforcing the code againil priests. He regrets to sr. the clergy thus losing the respect and sullying the dignity appertaining to the ecclesiastical stale. For this reason it is most desirable that for the future piiests' should not commit any breach of the law and that thus the occupying power should not be con strained to inflict punishment on them. As justice must pursue its course witji impartiality, it is only by preventing measures that it is possible to avoid the consequences resulting from the political action of the clergy, and to gain that end there h only one means, namely, that ecclesiastical authority should sec to it that the clergy confine themselves to their religious duties. The Governor General has previously tried to gain some co-operation, toward this end. I may in form your Eminence that he is inclined to give it another trial. With this end in view, he is about to address a letter to the bishops. He will explain the sit uation to them and ovill entreat them to influence their inferiors, in order to bring crimes and con demnations to an enfr I should be coitent could I hope that my frank and straightforward explanation might contribute to dissipate all evident misunderstandings. The occupy ing power, I permit myself to repeat, much regrets being obliged to condemn guilty priests chiefly be-: cause it sees in the clergy representatives of the racial order, the moral authority of which should remain unimpaired. As, on the other hand, the ecclesiastical authori ties realize that these convictions entail grave incon veniences, I cannot help openly stating to your Emi nence that in all this I ivould like to keep in view our common interests. I also think that my straight forward language cannot but favor mutual under standing and perhaps promote a collaboration in which neither party would sacrifice anything to the other. I present to your Eminence the expression of my distinguished consideration and have the honor to be yours very devotedly, (Signed) LANCKEN. Political Department of the Government? General of Belgium. Brussels, June S, 1916 To His Eminence Cardinal Merrier, Archbishop of Malincs. I have the honor to inform your Eminence that at the moment of forwarding you my letter of May SO, I had not then learned of the following case; that is the only reason why I did not mention it. Last Sun day a solemn religious ceremony took place in the Cathedral of Antwerp in the presence of your Emi nence. The sermon which was preached on the occasion by Frere Pauwels turned in great part on purely political topics. I do not wish to enter into details, but simply to state the fact that the preacher de parted manifestly from his religious functions, and that the presence of your Eminence lent to this mani festation aspecial significance. It will be difficult for other priests not to perceive in this sermon an en couraging example. Accordingly the occupying power cannot allow this incident to pass unnoticed, and it should at ay rate have the assurance that Frere Pauwels has been invited by his ecclesiastical supe riors to limit his activity to his religious duties. Up to now I have mentioned this incident to no one. In the general interest I should be glad to learn that your Eminence has talcen care to restrain Frere Pauwels from indulging for the future in like man ifestations, (Signed) LANCKEN. Archbishop's House, Malines, June 8, 191G. To Baron von der Lancken, Chief of the Political Department, Government General, Brussels. My dear Baron I am very grateful to you for having seconded my request in favor of Madame Wibin and her children and I shall be pleased if you kindly convey my thanks to the Governor General. I was given permission some months ago to visit two priests imprisoned at St. Gillcs. At this moment several priests of my diocese are detained in the same prison, notably, unless I am mistaken, Frere Devroye, Canon Cocheteux, the Curates Wit temberg and Van Houdt, perhaps others whose names have not reached me. I shall have several hours of leisure at Brussels on Wednesday, Juno 21. You would greatly oblige me if you could authorize mo to visit on that day at 4 p. m. (German time) the priests of my diocese detained in the prison of St. Gillcs. I shall have tho honor of answering separately the questions of general interest which your dis patches No. 5035 and No. C920 treat of. Accept, Baron, the assuiance of my sincere esteem. (Signed) D, J. CARDINAL MERCIER, (TO BE CONTINUED) rnpuHoht, 1t)t. lu ruMo I.eitotr ,ro, . Copyright. C'owoidj. ifis. oj luMfr ijtjtr Or TOP those heat leaks between your window frames, door frames and the walls. We do it thoroughly and per manently and can save you 20 to 40 Tc fuel coats. Ask for our hook Have us estimate. 1SS EvairTigut. a ICalktno U?iPvN-yJN.nr Seventh St. vi o v y jW a a wWif anscom sm Begin the New Year by opening- an ac count with us. You Can Sace Money and Enjoy Satisfaction New Year Mince Pies, (iOc California Cluster Ruisins,,15c Sweet Cider. 7.1c jjal. 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