MMWHHmwn EPNING' .PUBLIC LEDai)B--5?HILABELPHrA, THUKSDAfY:, DECEMBER IX, 1910: ty; ' ,j iV" 'TlKnKr ' HTWVWW 9 CARDINAL MERCIER REFUSES TO DISOWN PASTORAL Letter to Governor General von Bissing-Says Act Was Fully Deliberate and He Will Not Withdraw It Promises to Remain in His Diocese Explanatory Comment TN TAKING his cuurut'cous stand on tho reading of the pastoral letter,. "Patriotism und Endurance," tiro Cai dfnal by no means found exclusive refuprc in an accomplished tact "Hearing that tho letter liad been read in thb BelginrrchurchevBaron Von derXancken, head of tho German political department in Brussels, had cried "Too latel" . . . . , . - It ivas not, however1, too if-.tc to- prevent the reading of th'o'"6ec"ond"pare of the letter containing tho impres sive statement that "tho sole lawful authority in' Belgium is thttLo.6ur.klngr"ofour government and of tho elected representatives of the nation." , ' But tho baron was a realist, ono of a type far from common in the' preposterous and terriblo era of Hun mad ness. Ho was perfectly well aware that what tho Cardinal .had resolutely begun ho would finish or perish in the attempt. All the-official blustering, all tho delegations and emissaries .and the mass of correspondence emanating from the headquarterw in Brussels were poworle33 to detor the priests from publicly concluding tho pastoral on Sundny of January o, 1915. " , . Every Belgian in the Cardinal's diocese was stimulated and patriotically refreshed with tho clear and logical f definition of the limitations of the German power in the occupied nation. Every Belgian realized the superb co ordination of Christianity with love of country. Von Bis&ing itched to lay hands upon tho Cardinal. But if-lio spoke daggers he ued none. The sum of his efforts in addition to his. pronunciamentoe3 und misrepresentations of tho primate's position was the issuanco of an circlet" limiting the Cardinal's movements to his diocese and tin urgent request, -which was observed, that a projected visit to Antwerp for a religious function of the first Sunday in tho new year be abandoned. Of course, tho might of 'German resentment was vlsltcchlipon the printer of tho pastoral. The censorship was the prldcrof tho invaders' administration, which is one reason Why tho Belgians took such exquisite delight in sup plying von Bissing with every "copy of the secretly printed lilUe paper, "Libre tielgiquc." It spoiled many a breakfast of the governor general and was a persistent symbol" of the futility of despotism. Neither von der Goltz, von Bissing nor Falkenhausen was ever aljlo to suppress'" the journal, the publication offices of which were itinerant, mysterious, but exceedingly lively. ' " There wa3 no doubt, however, about the printer of the pastoral. The type 'was set in the Dessain shop in Valines. The eldest Dessain was already a prisoner in Ge rmany. Another brother .was safe in England. A third, Francis, printed the letter, wa3 arrested and fined COO marks. He was boon released and when the German power was-crumbled into dust ho had tho pleasure of accompanying tho Cardinal as private secretary on tho prelate's American tour. L'liiiltiul Jlcrcicr's bullet -pierced cathedral In Malincs Cardinal Merciers Story Including hia correspondence with the German mthoritiea in Belgium (luring the war. 1914 to 1918, edited by Professor Fernand Moyence of Louvain University and translated by the Bene dictine Monks of St. Augustine's, Ramogate, England. AFTER taking counsel of his immediate entourage, - the Cardinal, tuok time to reflect alone. Ho went to his private oratory to meditate and pray; then came back and drew up the following letter in which he de- ' clares that hia act was fully deliberate and that her refuses either to disown or withdraw it: Archbishop's House, Malincs, January 4th, 1916, 6 p. m. To Baron von Bissing, Governor General, Brussels. Your Excellency Tho letters with which your Excellency has honored me dated December 31st, 1914, and January 3rd, 1915, embrace three parts. The first part refers to my correspondence of De cember 28th last, both with your Excellency and his Eminence Cardinal von Hartmann. Your Excellency Was kind enough to appreciate the mark of esteem which I had the opportunity of showing you. You remind mo that you had expressed a desire to further the religious and moral interest with which I have been intrusted, also to relieve the sufferings of our people; and yet your Excellency seems persuaded th'at instead of falling in with your views I have taken up an attitudetoward the German Government which to you is incompatible with this praiseworthy ideal. Your Excellency is of tho opinion that past events with their sad echoes still resounding within the soul of Belgium ought not-to form the iubject of either oral or written communications between us, and it seems you are surprised that even in private let ters I have recalled these events and have also pasted judgment upon them. "I Bow to Your Decision" I appreciate fully your Excellency's anxiety to ward off further strife from our country, already so faorely tried, and no one acquiesces in this wish of yours more heartily than myself. Still, if by mutual co-operation we desire our work to have a durablo character, our joint efforts must not rest on an equivocal basis. 'Duly impressed by the need of candor, I made a point of drawing a distinction be tween tho personal relations of courtesy and mutual good-will I had the honor of cultivating witli Baron von Bissing and those other relations which wero demanded by my position toward the representative of a nation 'with whom We have tho mibfortuno to bo at war. I was encouraged by the hope that the clearness of my words would be welcomed, and I was certainly far from anticipating that it would involve the withdrawal of the general pass you granted me. Nevertheless, I bow to your decision. Hitherto, as u matter of fact, I have not gone beyond the limits of my diocebe; nor shall I go beyond them in future. The second part of your Excellency's dispatch refers to my pastoral letter. Fiist of all, I am grate ful to your Excellency for your decision to with draw the prosecution of thoso priests who have read my letter from the pulpit as they were in structed to do. In doing this they acted in obedience to their bishop. He alone is responsible for tho orders he gives to his clergy. You seem, sir, appre hensive of a possibles disturbance resulting from tho public reading of mjr pastoral and you, draw ray at 'tenlion to possible unpleasant consequences among the people. Allow me to inform you that you littlo understand the devotedness of my people. If in ad dressing them I had in any way concealed my views or had tried to force them into submission, they might have kicked against my orders. But my words to them v ere those of a father who trusts his children. I told them that 1 realized their bufferings and by virtue of this icry knowledge vas able to s mpathizc Mith them. I expounded to them in its entirety the gospel teaching on their relations with that power which for the time being was in occupation of a part of their country. I told them this. "Whatever feelings you may harbor within your inmost souls, you arc bound, as far as your conscience and noble patriotism will allow, to comply in your external conduct 'with the regulations of.tho Government in occupation. Outwaidly you ate to obey the afoiementioned de crees,; nay moie, it is th legitimate authority of your own government, in tacitly approving of them out of regard it has for the interests of public order, that obliges you to respect them." "Peace Will Not Be Disturbed" As a Belgian, I understand my fellow countrj men, and as a bishop I am well acquainted with my chil dren; and 1 can therefore guarantee, Sir, that the public peace Mill not be disturbed if you forbid our Wubordinates to indulge in any further noisy demon strations such as occurred in a considerable number of peaceful villages during the night of January 3rd. If, on the other hand, you cannot see your way to allow me full freedom to influence my clergy and people by moral suasion alone; if, yielding to your personal fears, you hae recourse to methods of in timidation, I shall no longer be able to answer, with the same assurance, for the maintenance of public order, and in that case I shall not require my clergy to resume the reading and the dissemination of my pas toral in defiance of your interdiction. Lastly, in the third part of our letter, your Ex cellency asks me about- my relations with my own king and the King of England, and desires to be in formed why, in conformity with the wish expressed by the King of England, I should have exhorted the faithful of my diocese to ntuke January 3rd a special day of prayer. Frankly, your Excellency, these ques tions astonish me. The acts of one's private life, unless I am mistaken, nro outside the jurisdiction of all governments, and consequently I feel justified in re questing your Excellency to assure me of tlie exact purport of your question. Docs your Excellency claim the right to interfere with my private intercourse with my own sovereign, or with foreign rulers? This is not the first time I have ordered a day of prayer. My venerable episcopal colleagues in Austria, France and Germany have all acted in like manner. We have each and all been fired by the same desire to call down the blessing of God on our countries. This also I may add: That I have had no difficulty in becoming acquainted with the King of England's wish in this matter. A circular published by his Eminence Cardi nal Bourne, Archbishop of Westminster, was sent to thousands of our Belgian refugees living at present in the United Kingdom. Many copies havo reached me, but at tho present moment I cannot put my hand on one of these circulars. I hope shortly to be able to find one and to forward it to your Excellency. Accept, Excellency, the expression of my high esteem. (Signed) D. J. CARDINAL MERCIER, Archbishop of Malincs. "I Have Taken Responsibility" The next day, January 5th, the Cardinal sent to Von Bissing the following supplementary noto: Archbishop's House, Malincs, January Bth, 1915. To His Excellency Baron von Bissing, Governor Gen eral, Brussels. Your Excellency I have the honor to inclose the pamphlet to which I referred in my letter of yester day evening. An error of date has crept into my letter. You must read, "During the night of January 2d Janu ary 3rd." I said yesterday that I could hardly seo the drift of the question your Excellency put me in the third part of your letter. I think, on reflection, that your Excellency wished to know whether or not I had been influenced by considerations outeido my ' pastoral ofllde. I insist that my pastoral, both in let ter and in spirit, Is exclusively my work. I liavo taken the whole responsibility on myself. I deeply regret haying left the letter of Cardinal von Hartmann, dated December Cth, without a reply; and at present I find myself deprived of any direct means of communicating with him. Perhaps your Excellency will see your way to dispatch tho sub joined letter after perusal. If you should find any difficulty, I beg you to take no notico of my request. Receive, Excellency, tho expression of my aln cere esteem. (Signed) D. J. CARDINAL MERCIER, Archbishop of Malines. Cardinal Bourne's Notice With this letter was inclosed tho printed notice in which Cardinal Bourno announced that January 3rd should be observed as a day of penance. Archbishop's House, Westminster, S. W. December 15th, 1914. Day of Humble Prayer and Intercession You know already that, by the desire of His Majesty the King, the first-Sunday of the New Year, January 3rd, which is, also the Feast of tho Most Holy Name of Jecus, will bo kept throughout the country as u day of humble prayer and intercession to beg God's blessing upon the empire and the' allied nations in these days of terrible conflict with our enemies, and to implore His divino consolation for those who thereby nro exposed to anxiety, suffering and sorrow'. Those who have already given their lives in the strug gle will have their own special place in our supplica tion. The bishops, clergy and faithful of the Church in France will be united with us in this great publie and international act of intercession, and we know that our brethren in Belgium will be joined with us n heart and intention. Tho following letter was at the same time handed to Von Bissing, with a request to forward it to its des tination. Archbishop's House, Malines, January Bth, 1915. To nis Eminence, the Right Reverend von Hartmann, Archbishop of Cologne. Most Eminent Lord Tardily, yet very sincerely, I thank your Eminence for your letter of December 6th last and for tho very kind steps which you had the goodness to tako on behalf of our priests and of our prisoners. Tlie special circumstances on which I prefer not to dwell do not allow me to say any more to your Eminence today. United in prayer that in all things and in every way the will of God may bo accomplished, I remain your Eminence's humblo and devoted servant. (Signed) D. J. CARDINAL MERCIER, Archbishop of Malines. Tlie Governor General confined himself to replying by a simple acknowledgment. Governor General's Office, Brussels, January 6th, 1915. To His Eminence Cardinal Mercier, Archbishop of Malint3. 1 have the honor to acknowledge the esteemed letter of your Eminence, dated yesterday, together with the pamphlet which you had the kindness to in close with it and tlve letter which you have addressed to my very esteemed friend, Cardinal von Hartmann. It will be a great pleasure to me to forward tho let ter to its destination. I aiail myself of the occasion to forward to your Eminence a letter which Cardinal von Hartmann has asked me to transmit to you. I offer to your Eminence the expression cf my sincere esteem and have the honor to be your very devoted servant. (Signed) BARON VON BISSING, Governor General. (CONTINUED TOMORROW) Copyright, 1919, by Public Ledger Co, Corvright, Canada. 1919, by Pvblio Ledger Co. International Copyright, 1919, by Publio Ledger Co, YSAYE APPEARS AS ORCHESTRA LEADER Cincinnati Orchestra, Under Baton of Great Belgian Violinist, Makes Favorable Impression PROGRAM March Herolqu . .Salnt-Hans Symphony in D MInoi . ... Cesar Frnnck ganinlolr WaMone T. Yfle allet, "Sylvia" Delltws Eugeno Ysaje, long known nn one of the great modern masters of the violin, made his first appearance iu Philadel phia as an orchestra conductor, at the head of the Cincinaati Orchehtra. at the Metropolitan Opera House last evening. The orchestra is a body of about eighty men containing some excellent players among the solo instruments, especially In the woodwinds, the flute, oboe, Eng lish horn and clarinet being excellent. So much cannot be said for the French horns, although their unison in the first movement of Dclibes Suite was sonorous and rich in tone quality. Tho brass is fairly good. Being a violinist, one would natur ally suppose that Mr. Ysayc's string section would he far the best of the orchestra. Such, however, is not the rase, for the strings seemed to lack both nowcr and sonority and to be only fair in tone quality. This cannot "be laid to pmallness in number, for the orchestra is large and well balanced as to instru ments. This same thing was noticed in the Paris Conservatoire Orchestra last seusou uud it may he that the Metro nolitau Opera House, which is a decid edly hard' place in which to make an oicliestra sound well from the stage, had something to do with this effect. There was little slmdipg in anv of the numbers and the orchestra sounded better by far in the loud passages than in the more delicate ones Mr. Ysiite is a much greater violinist than a conductor. His orchestra seems to be well disciplined, but there wero a number of false entrances' and the at tack was not always made with absolute unison. The leader's interpretation of the Cesar Frauck symphony was not In any way unusual, although he knew tho , composer well and. in fact, the Pranck violin souata is dedicated to the great Belgian plajcr. In the other numbers of the program there w as little chance for iaterprctatiori. At the last moment the program had to be changed. Leo Ornst,(in, the pianist, was to have played the Rubin stein concerto, but was taken ill ou the train between Indianapolis and New York and was unable to fill the engage ment. Accordiugiy, the orchestra played a Pantaisie Wallone, by T. Ysaie, a brother of the conductor. The program opened with Saint- Saens's Marche ITcroiquc, which was well done, and theu came the sym phony. Mr. Ysno took the introduc tory lento at a lrcmenilinslv slow pace, more than doubling the tempo in the allegro, which, bv tho way, is "non troppo." The slow move ment was rend evidently for beauty of tone and thtf last Allegro was the best-performed movement of the sym phony, tho full orchestral tone iu tho climaxes being round and sonorous. Tho Fant.aisie Wallone of Mr. T. Ysaye is evidently built on Wnlloou melodies, but the composer has followed the customary but doubtful precedent of developing folk song iu a highly modern btyle. It was rather well nlajed, but is not n composition of very great merit. The concert closed with the light but graceful ballet ''Sylvia' of Delibcs, and iu it the orchestra did the best work of the evening. As a conductor Mr. Ysaya has none of tho mannerisms that his style of violin plaving would lead one to expect. His beat is firm and certain and his in terpretations are solid rather than tem- ,,,,! T7., .-! voil m creat ovation I on each of his uppcarunccs on the stage. I. Every Standard Brand CIGARS UOBACCOSig! 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PENN FINANCES RISE Assets Exceed Liabilities by $25, 069,863, Annual Report Shown Assets of S25.560.863.35 over tho lin- bllitics lire bliown in the annual report o the treasurer of the University of Pennsylvania. This is an increase of 5788.4G6 01 over tho balance of last jeer. The buildings and grounds of the UnirerMtr campus are valued at $11, 2(til,515.02. while tic collections, fur niture, boohs and apparatus are valued at S3,5(J1,709.9.1, according to the re port. The total of assets is $25,810. 194.88. wl.ile the total liabilities equal $240,3.11.53, Cash in various bants amounts to S7G.424.il; investments, real estate, $843,775.14; corporation loans, $8, 711.01(1.33; corporation storks, $97(1, 201.07; mortgages, $148,335; ground rents, $7,108.28; insurance, deposits and premiums unearned, $54,211.99; accounts receivable, $153,170.95. Doctor Merrill to Speak Here Dr. George V. Merrill, head curator of the dupaitment of geology in tho IT S. National Museum, Washington, D. 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