jf ,f jftil SHfr" ""Sft y " T ti , wv o f W5f'' V r ,v K. !1 14! LAW MAY BE FAIR, Carnegio Foundation Finds Justice Impartial, but Unequal in Effect REMEDY IN MODERNIZING Is tho law of the land ndmJnMcrnl Impartially to the rlcli man, poor man, liCRRar man nnd thlof? TJullctln No. 13 Issued br the Car negie rounilatlon for the Advancement of Teaching umlertnlc3 to nnwor tho question. Tho nnsucr ! yes with qualifica tions; but tho qualifications arc almost positive. cnmiRh to justify a negative and quito strong enough to Justify tho book. For a bool; it !. It is a bulletin mcrelv by courtev. It contains not less than 100.000 woids. The unusual nnd pleasing thing "bout them is that thev all mean something. The title of the bulletin is ''.Tutice nnd the I'oor: i Stmh of tho Prevent Denial of Justice to the l'onr nnd the Agencies linking More Kqunl Then- 1 -sition Tlcforo the I aw. -ith Pnrticulir Kcfercnee to I,cg'U Aid AVork in the Tnitcd States " IN author i Itegimld Hcber Smith, of the Boston b.ir There is n foreword bv l'lihu Hoot nnd tin in troduction by Henrv S Pritchett, pres ident of the Carnegie Foundation. Justice as Chief OlijedUo Tn his foreword Mr. lloot sa s that in n broad heti'c the chief thing fur which government is organized ! to se cure justice, nnd thnt its highest obli gation is toward those who, because they are. weak nnd frlcndles". find it hard to maintain their own rights. Our shortcomings have been the result of changing conditions. We have in the main just laws and honest courts. But tho rapid growth of cities, the enormous masses of Immigrants (many of them ignorant of our language) and the greatly increased complications of life have left the provisions for obtaining justice no longer sufficient. And it is time, he sajs, that we put our house in order. , ... llr. Pritchctt in hi introduction is equally emphatic, but declares it would be n mistake to assume that the co-t of litigation and the law's delay bene fit the rich cxclusiiely, for, in a great number of cases, the work to the nd autage of the dishonest poor. The question, he wivs, is not primarily one as between rich nnd poor, but concerns lather the fundamental necessity in a free country to place justice within the icach of those who occupy anv station in life. Our civilization rests upon nn lionest nnd sinceie attempt to realize this ideal. .Justice Denied T,cads to Anarchy Freedom and equality of justice, says Mr. Smith, arc twin fundamental con YETHITPOORHARD S When you buy a battery for your car or truck H H you want two things, first, a Rood battery, and HS V . . second, service that wall help you keep that jm K . V battery in first class condition. H It I, Cohxmhim J W STORAGE BATTERIES M i l A I j A iro good and. glvo yon definite powjr for a IE ft MOTOR PARTS SERVICE j H V . coupled with jour Columbia Ftor- PF H K W aK" batteries will complete a Ua K--KBHBSm Motor Parts Company (1 j ,m wrmWJA 81--W9 NOKTit nnoAn ST., Sy KwEawi5r nooivMiTrtos &nh Cnrburetom S this white man has yellow teeth? Nature protects teeth civilization ruins them. Nature has provided in saliva a perfect guardian of teeth. Ah ample flow of saliva destroys the poisons of decayed food particles. The diet of savages tough, hard food and plenty of raw fruit does not interfere with the flow of saliva. Civilized diet causes a decrease of saliva. Strong alkalines increase the danger to teeth by partially paralyzing the salivary glands and exposing teeth to the unchecked ravages of the bacteria of food decay. Mennen Cream Dentifrice contains a fruit element which stimulates the salivary glands andincreases the quantity and quality of saliva, thus aiding Nature to protect your teeth. Mennen cleans and polishes teeth wonderfully, breaks down tartar formations and removes tobacco stains. A 20 content of alcohol exerts an antiseptic action. Aromatic oils make Menncn's pleasant to use! with a cool ing, refreshing after-taste. Mennen's U economical for It Is so concentrated that a half inch or less is sufficient. It costs 35 cents. nwflRK..nj.'us.fl. ""Klfc "jr ., ceptions of American Jurisprudence.' Ours Is n government of laws nnd not of men. To secure Impartial laws and nn equal administration of justice the str.to Itself exists. A denial of justice is n short cut to nnnrchy. lie then proceeds to prove by specific cases that there is such denial of jus tice; that such donlnl Is not merely negative in effect, but encourages finuil and dishonesty. One case Is tjplcal. A glazier undertook to put twent-two panes of glass in n bnrn for SO. 00. He did the work, hut didn't get tho mnnc lie went to n Immct who told him his fee would bo S10. He went to llio Municipal Couit where tho judge ex plained lie linit neither the time nor the money nor the right tn undertnko the necessary proceedings nnd thnt, inas much ns tho expenses would exceed the amount in dispute, he had better drop it. As thnt man told his story, snjs Mr. Smith, ho was nn incipient nnnr chist. The first defect of (lie law is do lav. Knowledge of inevitable delay will sometimes pievent the entering of a worthy suit. Delnv forces unfair set tlements and (Oinpioinises. Tallies without meiitorious defenses are en couraged to make n sham contest that thev mav avail themselves of delnv and pel Imps "beat down the claim ngainst a ' oa In iMillndelnhin before the creation of the Municipal Court in WV s cited: . A wage-earner had a claim for Ml), representing u week's work. On .Tniiu -aiy 111. 11)11, the Legal Aid Society tried Ills case in magistrate's mint and secured judgment. On I ebruaiy S mil. the (lefend'int appealed to the Court of Common Ilen. which granted him a letiial. On Mnn h 11, mil. the plaintiff's claim was lileil in the ( oiirt of Common I'lens nnd the esse irinil.ee for the trial list. Owing to congested dockets the case did not actually ap pear on a trial lit until l'ebiuury, 7, 101 L. Hero entered a rule of procedure tint would be Ineiedible if it did not ovist: A ease marked for trial Mon day must be tried Monday or Tuesdav or else go OIL the list cnuiuij. "" wage-earner's cnno, assigned for Fibril aiy 7, 111 1 12 , automatically went off the list. It was remit ked nnd assigned foi April !!, 1012. It again went off and did not reappear until October 11. 1012 Fortmiatelv It was reached and tiled on that date and judgment entered for the plaintiff. It took one year and nine months and required eleven dnvs in court for both attorney and client to collect the originnl 10. In the eritninnl law dclav Is even more serious, for where the defendant is ton nnnr to furnish bail it is equivalent to a sentence of impiisonmcnt for povei ty. With unification of court organization ; and simplification of procedure un i conscionnble deliij may bo swept avva.v I Court Costs Itrilnitlon I'rged I The second defect of the law is court costs and fees. Costs are neither funda- ! mental nor immutably bound up with our legal institutions. Lliev are neither established bv our constitution nor the product of common law. They exKt solely ns creatines of statute. The actual expenses in a trial court exclusive of witness feis, inny be re duced to the wnt or summons, tin service of process, entry fee, calendar does this yellow man have white teeth while T- ' 8 'Ba. WiVP 'v EVENING riTBLI(1 LEDGER PHILADELrniA, WEDNESDAY, fee, trinl fee, entry of Judgment and Issuance of execution. The build in gives an Interesting list of clinrges in various cities, repiesenting the mini mum cost of nn ordinary case. I he costs inn from fifty-two cents in the sninll claims court of Cleveland to Slti.fil in the Superior Court of Hart ford. Following are the costs in tho vniious municipal courts In the rotin trv : Boston, ,$2.0." ; Chicago, SU.nflj Cincinnati, S2; Dayton, $2; Minne apolis. S.'i "0 : New York, ?'-', and Philadelphia. Sll. Costs, declares the vvilter. present no inherent illfliculty. A j eduction can enslh lie effected if there is n will to do it. A third defect of the law Is the ex pense of counsel. The expense of coun sel, snvs Attorney Smith, is a funda mental difficulty because the attoinej is an integial pait of Hie administration of justice. Part of the need is un iloubtidlv artificial. Theie is no need whv n court summons should rend (as It does In the Municipal Court of the ilt.v of Boston), "We commnnd jou to nppear beforo our justices of the Mu nli ipol Court on Saturday the 2lst dav of December. A. D. 1D1S, at 0 o'clock in the fot!iioou. Fail not of appear ance at jour peril." So that It, is necissiiry to employ counsel to explain that the plain English words do not mean what they say, but In law menu Hint von nie not leiiuircil to appear bc- foie the court at nil, but must file an answer with the cleik any time on Tuesdav, December the 21th. A little model niing, ho snjs, will eliminate such puiely paiasitic service. But, he concludes, with nil reformations of procedure and lcorgnnirntlmi of courts, the true and essential functions of the TOURING CAR Franklin per formsnee embodied in a Full 6iic, Five-Passenger Open Cir, It 1 tht most economical car of Its.type. V ittorney will remain and tho need for his services will be tho same. The second pnrt of the, book considers tho remedial agencies 'which can be emploved to make tho positloil of the poor inore equal. Small claims courtM with their Informal procedure, domestic lelatlons courts using probation officers and Industrial accident commissions nil lniulsteiing wotkmen's compensation acts nfe excellent beginnings meriting wide extension. For the multitude of eases beyond the jurisdiction of these ngcnclcs, the re port argues that the only solution Is to Mipply lnwcrs' services gratuitously to the poor, through the public defeuders in criminal enses and the legal aid or- gaiiirations in civil cases. Part III discusses these ngcnclcs In detnll, stressing the need for their rapid development. Plans Radio Course A course In wireless telegraph v will be opened next Monday by the Philadel phia Militaiy Ti (lining Corps, of which Major A. .1. Drexel Biddie is tho com ninndnnt Members and nil voting men who join the corps in the future inny take the connc The school is to be located in the nrmorv of the old Sec ond City Troop at Tliirt -second and Lancaster avenue. Relief or Welfare Work in Europe Professional mnn, lllnstriitor. ot fort, deslrpn to devoto six months or er In relief or uelfnre work In nny part of rtimiN-t nny of present ndlve war zones preferred, or In other eiipiielti where such ilmrncterlstleH ns nilnpliilillHt, nil. Ilnicnets to endure hardshlpi, etc.. nre required. Keniuneriitlnn other ttinn llt Ini; expenses not espelill essentinl. A 1ST. I.r.IX.I.It (111 K'K. THE FRANKLIN SEDAN " VTATION-WIDE demonstration of Franklin Sedan utility is daily converting motorists to the practicality of enclosed car motor ing. But comparisons invariably prove that unrestricted usability in an enclosed car is an exclusively Franklin quality. The result is an unprecedented popularity and a faster increasing sale for the Franklin Sedan than for any other fine car." No other sedan can equally disregard road conditions, weather and temperatures. None rides with such comfort or drives with such ease and safety. None meets such severe demands without complaints or fulfills all formalities at such small running cost. The Franklin Sedan alone combines the ideals of utility and economy. It alone is based on the practical principles of Light Weight and Flexible construction. The Franklin Sedan is also the only sedan safe to use all-year in heat or cold. Direct Air Cooled, it has no water" to boil or freeze. Wide Observation Windows together with two Wide Doors on either side allow unob structed riding view; the V-shaped Slanting Wind shield affords broadest driving vision; combined they give this sedan the most open outlook possible. .The car is equally remarkable for )g- set -CJtSlllIll: OTHER FRANKLIN TYPES RUNABOUT All the advantages ol Franklin Light weight Flexible Construction In a Twc-Pawenger Open Car. ,- v i' r -.....,. "uflflftfi. AUTOMATIC PHONES IN YEAR Keystone Company Head Says In struments Will De Adopted Automatic telephones will bo In Hailed In the Philadelphia district within n yenr by the Keystone Tele phono Company, According to nn an nouncement made today by Fdvvard M. Cooke, vice president and general man ager of the company. Mr. Cooke explained that tho new device would work simply. "So far as tho telephone subscriber of todn is concerned," Mr. Cooko said, "this contrivnncc presents cx actly the same physical instrument to thorn as the ono they now have In daily use, except that n small lotating' ( ASJWFJtD HMMHBPsHlMHiHHMilaHaMHMMaiMiiHH SWEETEN AUTOMOBILE CO. 3430 Chestnut Street ' SWEETEN WILMINGTON CO. 1011 Orange Street s Wilmington, Del. FOUR-PAS8ENGER ROAD?1 STERj-Convenitnce and attractive nets in a car having compact run aboutjinei with ample room lot four. P. t .! ..; 1. 1 1, OCTOBER 22, 1919 dlnl Is nttnehed to tho upper service of the base of that device. The sub scriber takes his teccivcr from the hook exactly ns he does now, and then, In Fiend of talking to a human opeiator nt the central exchange, rotates the dial to certain numbered points and Instan taneously the bell of the called party begins to ring, summoning that party o his telephone." Blaze Routs Hotel Quests Ouests nt the Hotel Normnndlo, Thirty-sixth and Chestnut streets, hnstily fled (heir rooniR nt 8:20 last night when an alarm of (ire was sounded and npparatus from Fngino Company No. G clanged up to the hotel. Tho blni'o was in the basement locker room nnd quickly extinguished. its ease of access and seating convenience. The average Franklin owner's expense for this exceptional dependability and performance is indicated by: f 20 miles to the gallon of gasoline' 12,500 miles to the set of tires 50 slower yearly depreciation We will be pleased to show you how different this sedan is in performance from any car you may be familiar with, and you may choose the roads for a complete test. The FRANKLIN BROUGHAM dupli- cates the sedan in performance but instead seats four. It is ideal for personal use. The front seats are aligned so the driver is not isolated from the companion passenger. In size, com fort and convenience, this car particularly meets the needs of small families and doctors. ffiKLn ,mfmwu i 1 ' .JILLLLHLLkvi -PC NLt Records of TnVSwsr The EagleTmdemark identifies National Loose Leaf Devices and Bound Blank Books mTimm rsrs nrrz roErmnWTVisrfZTWii ubu sLfe 'aEjaiE iTV v ii L - A -.t,L.3 ' r. cm w , i a mm LJIJ the Nation PERPETUAL Loose Leaf Ledgcru, Binders and Ring Books get rid of the "dead wood" in book keeping and coft accounting. For personal,business,&ate and national record-making, they are efficient and economical. MOST Loose Leaf Devices look very much alike outside. The difference is on the inside! National Loose Leaf Devices are beautiful in ap pearance and doubly substantial in construction. Always order by name. TAKE the time .to examine tho National Line before buying any more Loose Leaf Equipment Investigate before you invest; MiiPQIJIPMEHf - 'flgJLaajsca 1 yy I A- I InTr " m J 11 iH If fill TT I m s- '-I i 1 ".vl wSl ,l K Rl .u'Mi&'ktih
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers