rV ! LttKJKk COMPANY o n, re. LUfttiSi t urBii'ri-NT t.U(1lntnn Vln PrMnti Jnhn C. ftf ll n.UI.b. otary anil TrAnnreri 1'hlllnH. rolllftl. rimama, John J, Spurscon. DUvclora. . EntTontAt. noAnn.- Ctt H, k. CcaTia, Chairman t. BM11.CT .. . K.lltor . !AnTlM . ..Oncra! Iiuslne-sa Manner d dally at l'Lni.ic tiFiKsrii HutMine. Mtonentlehoe Hnunrc. 1'hiluclrliHiin. Caxiiui.... ..Proud unit CniMnm StrrMi lUITY,, ',r-;i-J,nl0j Miniums !(.,. ,200 MMromliMn Tower HTr.'.. . lllfl I'nrl lliUMIng CI... ,. ..inns riillTlnu lltui.unc i i.iyn rrtvtmc liunuinc KntAM nmriir. k. K. Cnr. Ppiinailvanln Ave-, nnd 1 Hit Pt. York IH:ntAU The Mm llulMiiig UCREtU... .... lieMUIOIl 21)11(3 sucscmrTioN ir.uv.s -KllSMMl l'IBlte! l.HiOI-n Is aefVr.,1 to -.lib ra in 1'hllnilelpnlA nml MlrrouiMiiiff; lowns i rata of twelve U-) cents per vveiki )muMe i f.rrlfr. tnall tn notnt put-dili- of riitlnilr.ltillliii In Jnllcd states OaiiLln. r t'nit I M.ttij. pn ana. iwtff. free., nftv lm pptit tT month. Ml$6) d.',W n-r ear. pajnljlr In ailvnnr''. il l ,gn countries imc vsi! unti.ir in-i ire SsuMerllw-rs wSahlnff niMres rhnncd t give out a well as new itai.rcs. 1000 TCAIMT KMTOM MUN 5001) r .Ifffai.... ijl pmi.ii.tf. i iwfft 'mm fit K'lifiifita Public rj!aVer, ufirpcneiVi.C'' Piuart: VI tlptlrlphtn. Sfr Member of the Asoclatc1 Press 'MB Ass)ct.vri:i .vitnss in wjk- Htl r.ntttlrd tn tlie use or sr mfulleitiotl flfrKll rictcs dhpatches credited to It or not rtcfsc crrrfifri in thte paper, ana also 'local eir imhllshcd therein. A AH-right o repifMlrarfoii n' special dl- IlICClc herein aic alsn reserved. (f'vl Philadelphia. rr!il. Ottnlirr 23 P18 $WA .,4 v tvvl SSSTv RUM OR ROADS? i.w. hJTpNIS, ot course, ntvvny3 jiosslble to write Volumes nbout tile Issues iiivnlveil In a. ' .rprfltlcal cnmpnlmi even u rennsylvaula f.ieHtlcal rnmnnlsn. Yet. on the whole, the ? 'iilS1mpte facts are Invariably the mo-it. elo v5jttThe ctmsplcnouo fart In .ltnlsc Nnnnl- PCiV.-Wlri canilldacv Is the .ludsc's enthusiastic I ''"'PPosltlon to prohibition. K'',Wfientnr Snrnnr.s nnnimlcn Is matle uot- L' r??tT ";--.. .:::. ... .... T, ' Al.Hie oy me senators piea in oen.iii. m me WBOfftlttitlQnaI amendment which would Wve the State tho rlpht to evpend $J0,000, &vN.'on a system of rood loads. r 'Vi Between rum on the one hand and good r'?jTOJs on tht; other there can be only one l";vSitlMilce. ft -.Ktyt-- ' rto.?5h TJoolfloa Itio lrn!f!int' rpntv In tlli llcr. s i -'iiMLn Government, there hae lieen 0SS.8H'. 10 ,fc nllmn n vnliltpa . lif. 1in'.. rnnn niTnaa Klnrn C -,J:Vuf 1 llntl. ttn.l.. ...... 1. ......... l.n.'llilft .. V .J ' uuili f.lliun .ill untiii.-.iivitiuiii . iJ. ' PUTTING THE CLl'ItS TO BKD TM733 SltAUl. he immensely pleased if the K&"Fuel Administration and Mr. Lewis jfgwWlU condescend to tell us wlvit they havo 'MaWalnst the clubs -oclal, near-social and !nsocial upon which the "Icorous priivl- ona of a curlew law nre now to bo lm- iffirllMed. To hustle all the club gentlemen -njhome or to bed at 11 o'clock p. m., the tjhbtir when members aro Just becoming ,-.TialJcatlve, by the harsh expedient of turn- 3Wiur on the lights, certainly will not aid In ""Sylfuel conservation. The get erators in the o -central plants must be kept Koln? all . 'S Bteh t. Steam must be kent un. As the -Wi. ,,.. . ,. .,,.... , -' jiniuntsni nour approucnes iiius are iiirneu ?'?&io!f almost everywhere. Theie is current. fftfiJQ'd speak, to bum. .. F .LTIlftae IV1 1 I .MiMfl iviuli morfih' t Itnnatn ' a ,- -d -? I14VII J-frl , Lff1VfT Hd upon the amateur war critics who ,at their best or their worst after 11 Unlght in the smokerooms? Does be j. merely to shunt the armchair strat- ts off to bed where they can trouble r oni? Sff-'that is Jii.s Intention weN applaud It ispwe ana now. ji, on tne otner iinmi, lie gtftUeyea that he is savins fuel we f.m Mly shudder and wait the time when the Bmrkts will be turned oir'in every private ; IjHillinB at 10 p. m. and when it will be crvrtuiu puiuniiuuit: ii line uno lmpnson- nt to heat the. babj's milk ufter 11 'clock at night. K An iiicir uniirecvuemeu u'g game the kJmeB seem to be measuring tliclr gait re in extremely substantial square m'les. kf$' WOMEN IN PARLIAMENT . frmirrtiu me untisii party leaders had V'nald that " tho enfranchisement of omen did not mean that thev could be ''.indidatcs for i'arliament. the House of f'" Jpormnons passed a resolution by a ma L fiTltflty of 249 In favor of admitting the 5&v 'Women If ejected, t SUTBUs ao tno oia prejudices break down. EJWt why there should be prejudices inst .women lawmukers In a country Uch was ruled for two generatltns In ( name of a ciueen it is dtlllciilt to umler. ted. We are inclined to think that tho Utle memuers ol the House of Commons s rft nlntif. f.tn' ...11 It (Ii.Ih n...!.. r fw- ...... .0 i.J iivi, ,1. 11IV1I II1M10 igues will remember Disraeli' famous anatlon of his way of dealing with rja, Gladstone, he used to bay, thefiueen us a national institution. K.he treated .her as a woman and had rouble In persuading her to his way thtaklng. b Serbs are on tho ee of aienirmir ipftal crime of nejgrade. IE SUSPENSION Ol' "FRATS" KB un of keeping secrets, to the envy Zttirh ...... . .. ... jor exclusion 01 ino.se unbonded in iiuunwv;, iJiuiuiJit.il unite me crea- Tom Bailey's "Centipedes" and Tom "Gang of Robbers" In literature long-flourishing frats" of Amerl- Olleges. Of lato years fraternities Mfccn hometlme.s charged with stimil- .-unwise reveiry, not to say Ulsslpu- fit tnose wiucn erred were untrue "spirit which originally fostered their ce. Youth, which delights tn tho of solemn mystery, our,, which 4ly plays ut belli? giowu tij, was KCliIc eubstunce of their charters. fjfar Department's ban on "fruts" at iverslty of Pennsylvania and else- ('therefore to be regarded lest, as a i on the general character of these ana than as a restatement of the gftrutli that eyep the most Innocent vWch Interferes with the serious . f war Is Intolerable ut thin mo- i ' . rlcully, we call our soldiers In boys." Nevertheless, they are In the most tremendous task given the sane elements of to'nelve. Men are now drilling r t ft University, Their sue V mw iv fi-Btvivv, mi undoubtedly have I .CftfcTaWUr itlclly pr .-'j-i. .j? ' "' Pfcrta44.li Afteei Wlrft Him NTtiti It Shoulil Have a Forty-foot Channel anil the Greatest Naval Station ALL thnt is needed to double nnd 'treble the business of this port nnd to make the LcaRUe Island Navy Yard the Ricatcst nnval station on this hemi sphere is the dctct mined purpose of the citizens of Philadelphia. The natural advantages that this port offers nre appreciated by shipping men. Refoi-e tho war began Hog Island had been selected by a great shipping cor poration ns the .site for a big system of docks nnd railroad terminals, after look ing over tlio whole Atlantic seaboard for tho most favorable location. The neces sities of tho war have compelled the building of tho Hog Island plant not only un a terminal, but as n shipyard. We have its facilities now to supplement those which tho city itself is providing. Tho Government has set aside $10,000,000 for building tlrydocks here to accommo date the ships that will enter the port. Kvety naval strategist who has ex pressed himself on tho subject has agreed thnt the League Island Navy Yard is nios4- admirably located for the develop ment into the big naval base of the nation on the Atlantic. It is far enough from tho sea to be safe from attack and it is within the limit1? of a city from which all the labor necessary can bo drawn. Rear Admiial Hughes, the new com mandant at thp yard, calls tho attention of tho city In the great future which awaits it. His belief in the advantages of League' Island is to be expected, be cause he is a naval expert. What is more interesting is his belief in the com mercial future of the city. Ho insists that a thirty-fivo-foot channel U not deep enough, but that a forty-foot channel should he demanded by tho business men because it is needed to accommodate the biggest s-hips. Ho is u-ging us to go to Washington and insist on the necessary appropriafion to secure that depth of water from Vrankford to the sea. Every outsider who has studied the subject agrees on what should bo done and on what can bo done if we will do our part. This newspaper is persuaded that the business men of the city arc determined to remove tho blight from which the port has been suffering for years. Arrangements have already been made for a campaign in favor of the forty-foot channel and a meeting of the joint committees for tho development of tho pc.it is to bo held next week to per fect the details. Tiicrc never was a more opportune moment for carrying such an enterprise to a successful conclusion than the pres ent. The Government is in sympathy with the project, for it is committed to the Hog Island teiminal, which cannot be used to its full capacity without im proving the liver channel. Philadelphia has had an object lesson in the way to do big things in a big way. It has been exposed to the contagion of the large view and it is not immune. Indeed, it has already become infected. Unless all signs fail, when peace comes we shall bo found with a well-organized program for growth, based on the con viction that the nation needs another great port on the Atlantic, not to rival the port of Now York, but to accommo date tho business which New York is not big enough to take care of. As the interior of the country develops, the facilities for Handling its exp9rts and imports must develop along with it, unless there is to bo stagnation. Our determination to serve the country and thus to benefit ourselves is the force which will finally overcome all difficulties and bring nbout a utilization of our un rivaled fresh-water haibor by tho ship ping of the world, ,Wc have confidence in tho outcome because we have confidence in the energy arid initiative of Philadelphia. Tbeso are busy da for Jlr. 1'iederlok Oeileilin, who is clinrged witliA'av Jnipoitant affa'r.s linked, and bis only recompense Is "the reneivul assurance" of Jtr. Lansing's high consideration. WHAT A CONGRESSMAN IS FOR CONGltn.SS.MAX DKI,A.NBV. of New York, Js grieved becu.se Secretary Daker will not consent to his entrance into tho army. Delaney sought a commission as a lieutenant In the iiuaitermaster's de partment, and when it did not vome he called on the Seeietury. Mr. Duker told him that no commissions would bo Issued to Congressmen, "If all the Congressmen goj co'mnilsslons," asked the Secretary, "who would be left to pass the appropriation bills?" Now we know what the War Depuil ment thinks Congressmen ai for. plieetor Krusen hopes that he may be able to allow the theatres to open on Mon day night, tin do those actors who have been living without pay during the closed season, THE PACIFIC IS ITSELF AGAIN TrtUTH supplants Irftny in the nomen clature of tho globe's largest body of water. Secretary Daniels has announced tho lifting of the censorship bun concern ing the movements of all vessels, savo warships and transports plowing the vast waters that He between San Francisco and Sydney, Vladivostok and Vulparaiso, Port land and Papeete. In other woids, the Paclllc Ocean, v mi far as peril to freedom la concerned, is out of the war, Tho, name which Ualboa be stowed upon It-ofice more has the ring of honesty, It was indeed an uncongenial role whieK, Ju many of Its stretches, the sen-nest of seas was forced to play when tho Karlsruhe outraged It with piracy, when von Spee's fleet, heading for Its doom under the guns of Sturdee, attempted to shoot up tho Society Islands prior to trap ping the stricken Craddock off Chile. The Pacific Is. no mollycoddler far from It but ita annals, richly stored with both mv jNtsalMj and romance, are referable to per- . ...'-j&ii x'jfcV .1.. . .- fcv i.- . tlU Wiif MW, W iBotiCAtnvllfei; to Mermn Wrtvllle and 'Pierre Lot!, Stevenson Joseph Con rad, rather than the monstrous organlta tlon of modern war. ( In tho stupendous conflict, the Paclllc was distinctly nut of the plctute. If self determination exists anywhere on this rolling planet It Is Indigenous to the South Seas. Mnklng a mystery out of the de parture or arrival of a Kanaka schooner, on route, s.iy, fiom Apia to the Marquesas, seemed almost tho height of Impertinent ltnpropilcty, Tho announced emancipation of tho blessed leahn of Innocuous shlft1osncsH rings' like n benediction In the earn of Westerners who leap Into commlttco making when "elllclency calls," i:tn Hie most nrdtiit admirer of Inde pendence Hall would handy hno dared to predict, n fi'W ,eirs ago, that the oppressed natlonalltlis of in'd-i:urope would come thither to declare their liberty. neaium: the day of Brussels AS TUG shackles fall from traduced Uel--glum the belief exists theru that King Albert will eelebr.ite his birthday anniver sary nu November 1 In Brussels. Motley began his epic chronicle of the Lew Coun tries with -i miitcrplcce of verbal tapestry depleting, tho elaborately st god proclaim! tlon of Philip II as ruler In the I'lemMi capital In I, ,55. Hut the splendor of that scene was largely u moekeiy. l.lp service only was accorded to the tyrannous repre sentative of the llapsburg, near the great square where but a few years later the patriots Kgmnnt and Horn were to be ruthlessly s-arrlllced. The glory of King Albert's letnrn will bo quickened with the, spirit of eternal freedom and eternal truth, pic accom panying pageant, however the long-uppit-sscd ISruxHIols may capitalize their lemaiulng lesources for festival, will be totally unable to approximate the tinnb blng signlllci.nco of the greatest day in the annals of a great city and an imper ishable nation, Con-dderatlon of the re birth of lielglum impoverlshc meie words. Abeaily the land is restored In cmhrn. Its partial liberation Is to be form.illj sig nalized tomorrow, and very shortlj the official capital will be removed to ltruges fiom its exile In generous llime. I!el Riiiin, though not yet I eg! own to Us full estate, ovists agutti. Venerable ISruses u honored in being tho II ml of its larger cities to bo emancipated. Its tenuie of a noble nfllOe tires the Imagination and pie pares It for tho jatlll gi eater triumph of the light, shortly and Inevitably to be in sciibed on the loll of history. 1'nder a diainatie pho-TIk- Opprrrtl togi.iph of the Czeclio- Klovak leadeM asM'in blcd here for an tpnchal (omenllijn ime Hi nspapcr bad u descriptive line to tell Its lenders that they there beheld tho chief rip resentatlves of Finely oppiessed peoples In the iry foiegiound, more conspicuously pnont than any Cst'eho-Slovak, nppt-ared Major fc'm'tli. And et .vou will llnd people who k.ij that niwtp.ipcift do not always tell truth! There will bn a e-nni- A Pliii'c- for Tliem fortable place on the edge of civilization for the Kaiser and the princes and the JunKeis when the Allies are th.oiigh with them. There Is said to be an agonlz'ng shortage of pretzel varnlshers at HoboKen. llermany Is moaning Thlkk Aeiiin! at the piejspcct of a "peace by lolence." Let's see, let's see! What was the Power vvhkh' held that A lolence was the sin est method to peace line! safety for Itself.' In spite of the fact nilnlne Dictation the mi n's hat styles are to lm plainer and that their variety will be i educed, some pietty reasons em the bnulevaids still make! It necessary that all hrlms should be tipped. In Washington theio N Truce at Home! are Senators and Con- giissnicn who have adopted Ill's war slogan' "No peace with the President!" V- never realized how much wc enjoy the stage and the fllluui until we had to go without them for a few weeks. llungaiians are now said to be seeking a separaH.' peace, but what the-y want is an independent piece of Austrla-Huiigaij Philadelphia women secured nearly $70, 000,000 for the I.lljertj Loan, again demon strating the ablllts ot their sex to raise the dust, Loath as she may be lo confess It, (Jer inany, by this fine, must realize who will put the win III the winter now rulhlessjy appioacikig. We knew It all along, but the fact that gallant, ileniocrallo King Albert is one of the plane people was demonstiate-d more conclusively thdii ever on tho day when he (lew ow.r Bruges, il Is as certain as taxes that the Ger man people, are going to get thoroughly soaked iP'the kind of reign now prevalent In their country keeps 'up. The Interstate Coinmeice Commission Ills'. its that It has the right to revise Mr. McAdoo's freight rules. The Ukimnilssiuneis would better watch out or they will be ac cused ot lese majeste. The pen may not be mightier than the svvoid, but when the sword of Koch backs up what the pen of 'Wilson wiltes we havo an invincible combination. Acting Supeilnteiideut of Police Mills says that he will enforce ull the health ordi nances; but why was It necessary to wult for tho epidemic of ."flu" hefoiu- deciding that they ought to be enforced? The Huieau of Municipal Jteseuith has begun to attuck the peripatetic BaldHed chair pads In the City Hall oitlces. It nays that they are slackers who delay peace', They also absorb money that ought to be used to pay living salaries to the men who uctually do the work. The Democratic National Committee Is camouflaging, for It is asking for campaign contributions to help elect a Democrutiu Congress lest Berlin should be encouraged. It Is not troubled so much about what Berlin will think of a Uepubllcan victory us with' what the ousted Democrats will think. i. ' . .- .(TIG L-rJIaraftl: V' ? Cleaning Desks in Berlin Sntl State of Solfi Roll-Top J Kxrlnxtr tlinpatrli from m'Ml.WI.N lll.HAK The Worbl'x l.nrtrnt lleslt-ritanlitR Cnnlrnetor t'nrre-dponilen) nil Interim for Hweet Ciller EVIDHNTIoY Impotinnt changes nre to bo expected In German), for I was hurriedly summoned to Ucrlln recently by Prince Mux to undertake the task of clean ing some important desks for him. It appears that when lie and Doctor Solf took charge of affairs lately they found the lolltops that hnd been used by the cabinet and tho general staff In a de plorable state of confusion. After some struggling they confessed themselves tin nblo to bilng order out of. the mesa and sent for me. Wl'Ilti; no', the cable tolls so high 1 might Interject here ii few remarks on the general theory of desk-keeping. Truly gieat inch usually have their desks in apple-pic order or hlru un nss'stnnt to take care of the pioblem. I well remem ber what a pleasure It was for me lo siir ve.v the w diking quarters of Ralph Waldo Trine, Orison Svvctt Mat den sand Kdward i:,irle Piirlnton. Everything was In Its place; the pigeon-holes shone with genlnl' tiimncs; every remark uttered iwus taken down b) a stenographer nnd tiled before It was answered. It Is only the mollycoddle t.v po that permits his desk to get the better of hint. Imagine my amazement, therefore, when Prince Max took me thiough the War Olllce and the apartments of the 'cabinet ministers, and I leulized the Immensity ot in) task. The desk ot Hlndcnburg, for In stance, was in a slato to appal rny pto fessional deck excavator. Hlndy was ab sent and Prince Mux pointed to the pigeon holes with a pathetic gesture. "There," he said, ".vou see the kind of job betoro jou. In that desk !II;idy has 300 drafts for the i-nnditiiins of an armistice. Every one of them has been discarded, as 1 k'vow that l'och won't listen to them: but old Hlndy wistfully keeps them cluttering up his olllce. In this filing case he lias seventy live vouchers for the indemnity France is to pay us, inside out In dctie.islng sums according as he withdrawn his lines. 1 have- been telling him that he'd better stop his calculations 'or he'll llnd that In demnity becoming a negative llgi re. Hut, ho'.s a pcrsbtcnt old dear. Here you oh set vo" (ho rummaged in the mountain of documents on the table) "is a chart show ing the progress of swimming lessons among the I.andsturm, In case It should be necessary to get them rapidly across the I'Jilnc. Now Hlndy will never clean up this stuff; while bo's away I want you to see what you can do. I think, though, jou'el better save these two." Ho pointed to an English Phrase Hook and a brightly illustrated booklet, "Summer Lodgings on St. Helena," Issued by the St. Helena Uuslness Men's Association. "And poor Solf!" saiel Max tenderly, as we approached the olllce of the Secretary for Foreign Affairs. "He's over at Pots dam this evening, sitting up with the Kaiser, who bus a bad headache. His dek was in a teirihle condition when he took It over from Kuehlmann, but it is indescribable now." It was Indeed. 1 glanced over it with piactlced eye and ran thiough some of the papers piled up. 1 saw an album of photographs called "Peaceful SccnesAlong the Heiiin-Uagdad Hallway"; expense ac counts of firing squads loaned to I.enlne and Trolzky; vouchers for the buiial fees of German governors In Ukraine and am bassadors in Moscow; a schedule of sala lirs to be allowed the Kings of Courland, Eslhonla, Lithuania and Poland; a photo giaph of Woodrovv Wilson which was much thumbed (It hud evidently been scrutinized with gieat care); and several rough drafts of a letter beginning Dear'l'rexhlciil WU xon, the veritable representatives of the Ucrman people In ovcriehelmlnt majority assembled . I noticed also a letter from I.enlne complaining that beveiul weeks' salary woe' overdue, and u dravveiful of half-written notes addressed Mr. Fred erick Ocdeilln, Washington, V. ('. "Anything you And ill Doctor Self's desk relating to the colonies may safely be dej stioyed," sulel Max. "I am given to under stand by Herr Balfour that Solf will have no fin titer need for them. That will sim plify your task a little." "My advice, Prince," I said, "would bo to make a clean sweep of all this stuff. On thut basis I cin undertake tho job. Hut to sort over this muss of papers and classify it into Its varying degrees of fu tllity and e,rror would take mc a lifetime. And how about your own desk'.' Is that In the same condition','" "I think it is u little better than Solf's," he said sadly, "but not much. Vou see, old Hertling left things awfully upset. When Kuehlmann remarked that the war could not be endedby military means uloue he was quite right. What we need, I said, is an expert desk-cleaner. That ,s why I sent for you. I guess you are right. De 'jtioy all thut junk, When Solf comes back he will be t,o tickled he'll embrace you, Then you can get started on my, rolltop und Jtosner's." "One other thing." I said. "There is a ceituin desk In Potsdam, it very exulted desk Indeed, that I think I had better make un estimate on." "Ves," said Max, "I think it will come to thut. Hut perhaps I hud better not au thorize that on my own responsibility. I think you hod better have a word with the Ueichstug. If they O. K, the Idea, go to it!" ' Rules for Lighting a Siandiiuviun Match , Empty the mutches on the table and re move the heads which have fallen oft during the voyage from Sweden, It is well to preserve these, us you may need a lire extinguisher borne duy. Of the remaining matches, tuke two und rub their a'terns" briskly together. If neces sary, summon a Doy Scout, who will know how to make a fire by friction of two btlcks. V Study the motto, "Utan Svafvel ochVos for," gn the box label, and the little fac similes of medals printed on It; The label may be boaked off the box, and after drying can be folded up, kindled at the kitchen stove und used to get a jlght. Go out und buy sonio native matches and light your pipe.. KUCHA iiS. J - PWT1 IKEilaMMSIafnSftK Tw .' " BsmSttmm Atm -r. ,r m&mw iiraa w ,v , v . ' s Sw.L. t"-ihw. i .)' TJlJaaaaaMli i ti T flTl H .!" '' -IT' w . i !i'l V Tl"-s. i JSaKiflBnL'MM;3ri' , -.V. ..-;. S r jmi .. n i j .iizmiw-imvxMrxxrr m ; u ,v .. .it.- .. m i x w - wl-i i - v , t m jcrHxatBvmMum m T .r i- i rs . n , .-. . vvjunt' i s mxsammm m wf ,vpy t r ',' . i imaummBma m xtfss . .- syf nv . ,i WV AHPi0;m M: , JT" Ql ! fjfUyirflK llEilaat5''QjiflH'afCTiig I to .'Bfc -s . a-iffiiaa iiiaiiiiiiii. - iwi-m. uiy:-gT- j r " ' f .1 :,. X JP '.'- .- ..-,'.. y ,.r-;... .-,. Oliver Cromwell Died of the Grip The Disease Has Become Epidemic Periodically for Several Cen turies Members of the First Congress Brought It to Philadelphia in 1789 UNDER various names epidemics corra epondlng to epidemic influenza have oc curred at Irregular Intervals since accurate descriptions have been made of disease. It Is likely that at still earlier times this disease was combined and confused with other epidemic dlrorders und so did not stand out us un entity until a relatively modem period. In early Engllbh literuture this disease is spoken of under a. af!cty of terms, frelghtoh (Crelghton: -History of Epidemics in Uritain, 1891) recognizes It under the name "ague," used by the Bril'sh seven teenth century authors. In 1GS8 qromvvcll died from this disease, when Morton says the country was "one vast hospital." The Italian term "Influenza" first came to Eng land In assoc'atlon with the epidemic of 1713, und it has been employed in connec tion with the great epidemics of 1833, 1847 and 188D-90. About 171'J the French term "la grlpjio camo Into use and has been periodically l chived ever since. The great pandemics usually originated In the Far East and gradu ally extended westwurd. The lute of human travel und trio degree of Intercourse between various paits of the world determined tho rapidity of the extension. Besides the great pandemics scarcely a year has flashed with out local outbreaks, which have been classed under the tertn "Influenza." Whether these nre Identical with the more widespread epi demics It It' hnpobslble to say. THE severity of the disease has varied greatly; bonie epidemics nre very mild, others have? been severe. Influenza has embraced America In several pandeimlcs. In bis lemarkable work on epidemic diseases, published in Hartford in 171)9, Noah Webster locates the'flrst American epidemic of which ho could find an account In 1647. It pussed through the whole country and extended to the Wert Indies. There were between' SOW and CO00 deaths In Ilarburdos arid St. Kills. In 1(155 a second severe epidemic occurred in America. Benjamin Rush described nn epidemic In 1789 In Philadelphia, vvh'ch was brought there by members ot the First Con gress, which had assembled in New York. Daniel DralPe records a widespread epidemic In the Wert In 1807. , The history of epidemics of influenza does not differ so much from that of other diseases spread by human intercourse that are usually called contagious, a widespread epidemic follows the Introduction of .a specially viru lent virus, and there follows a general immu nity among thore of the population who have been Infected. ' As the epidemic dies out the Infection decreases In virulence and only sporadic cases occur. 'From such cases und probably 'chronic carilers local outbreaks occur, but the general Immunity prevents any general epidemic-. After a period of years u new susceptible population hat? replaced the Immune one, and with the Intro duction of u fresh virulent virus a general epidemic Is uguln brought about. This would account for the great susceptibility of young persons, and as it is twenty-eight years since' the last great epidemic we should not expect many individuals above thirty years of age to ,be now affected. THE causative agent of epidemic Influenza has not been certainly recognized. Th attachment of the name "Influenza bacillus" to a small bacillus described' by Pfelffer. In 1892 has been followed by Ita frequent recep tion as the actual specific agent, There Is, however, much uncertulnty as to Its etMogia role. It Is to be hoped that the study of utile present epidemic may lead to some cer tain knowledge regarding the essential cause of the disease. This should enable us to determine whether the endemic cases and those of limited mid epidemics are really Identical with the ones observed In the great periodic outbreaks. ' T HE cases In the present epidemic begin usually quite suddenly with naln In the head, back, eye. Ilmtx and joint. With .Ik pain jmn , wa,i4i WUr .it:. ::''' . v. .,!.' .ji... k l jW niiiiw ii i rmrummunzssT-.i-ijm s z i i ' ,r- ' . ' I: Sr : V ti' ., f' .. . ness and a fever of from 101 degrees to 104 degrees Fahrenheit. Tho pulse does not become very rapid, and the patient often I.-: drowsy. VoiiTlllng may occur. Sometimes there may bu diarrhea, bul usually there Is constlpatlin. After tho disease has beceine cstirbilshed the mucous membranes of the nose and throat become reddened, and there is sneezing and lednese of the conjunctiva. Involvement of the larynx, causing hoarse ness, nnd of tho bionchl, causing cough, are common. There Is an associated leukopenia or a normal leukocyte count. A leukocytosis points to some complication. The fever gradu ally falls to normal after u few days and n-.oie or less prostration Is piesent during convalescence. A transient albuminuria Is frequent. Many of tho cases have hemor ihuges of the mucous membranes of the nose, some of the urethia or bowel. NOT infrequently u lobular pneumonia de velops after u few days, and Th's Is re sponsible for most of Hie. fatalities. Tho pneumonia differs fiom the usual picture of pneumonia. In that the temperature may bo very slight,, and tho pulse rate may give little Indication of the gravity of the condi tion. These cases. Instead of subsiding, may coino down to practically normal tempera ture for twelve houis; then there may be a sharp ilse In temperature, not followed by a chill, backache, boneache, headache, or nau sea. About this time there may ulso be expec toration containing bright led blood. As u rule, twelve or twenty-four hours after the second rise of temperature on physical ex amination In the lower lung, In a preponder ance of cases on the left side, ns seen ut Great Lakes, small areas about the size of a bilver dollar of typical pneumonia con solidation nre found by auscultation. These areas may become marked so that by the second day of the second rise scattered through the lung, piobably both lungs, ten or I fifteen of thesu small aieas may have ap peared, in me epiueimc at ureal i-ai.cs, u the patient did well these would gradually disappear. They did not resolve us u pneu monia would resolve. The clearing up of the lung at'lt'i' this u the lecovered patients was i emai liable as to Its rapidity. Other cases went on to a typical lobar, massive consolidation, us far (is the physical signs were concerned, wliji dullness, Increase In fremitus, typical tubular voice and breath ing, and ull the signs, except that there was not u very marked Increase In the pulse rate, und the respirations were not up to this time markedly Increased, Cases with al most complete consolidation ot the lung, as to the lower lobes, with a temperature of 105 degrees, would huvera pulse around 100, with lesplratlous 34 or l'C. There muy be nipldly developing toxemlu nnd vasomotor depression, with death ot the patient icsult Ing In many cuses. THE incubation peilod In these Influenzas Is piobably very short, but it Is difficult to obtain accurate flguies op (his point, The disease is probably spread entirely by con tact infection, the virus of the disease being, disseminated for shurt dhetunces thiough droplets driven Into the air in coughlng'and sneezing, Circumstances which fuvor this means of spread, such us crowding In cars, favor the spread of the disease. The measures to be taken to prevent the spread of the disease comprise all those which interfeie with the ti a lister of the In fectious materials fiom thee sick to the un infected. This Includes Isolation of the pa tient, und the Intelligent use of proper gauze masks by the attendunl, In the time of an epidemic, prompt and efficient Isolation ot the first cuses In a company could accom plish much. If this has. been neglected and the Infection has spread among the popula tion, measures which prevent the coming to gether of numbers of persons In close quar ters are to be employed. The desirability of closing schools in a large city In the preB itnce of hii epidemic is'u measure of doubtful value. In- smaller pluces this is more rea sonable, und the danger of Infection when children are outdoors should be less than when they ure brought together In a school-room.- Journal ot tha American Medicaids- aoctauon. - - u- . i? Jr. . 1 & 4 lit iV . &. Hu .ii? J - ..."-CMS; r-- t' ' r I ''POETS KILLED IN BATTLE LIFE had not paled for them: this Is the J worst. Still glad und eager, .still unsutlsfled, Keening to hunger, swift to sudden thirst For more and more and more of life they died. Their minds were thrilling dally at new doors, - Tliclr llps'flnd fingers finding fresh de light; They walked bewildered at earth's sweets and stores Through sunny mornings then the sudden night. Surely within that clay some pulse must hide, The stricken dream a little while beat on, Some deep, Impassioned hungers still abide For friend and face and field, for dusk and dawn Ah, Earth and Sky, you that they loved to praise, Becnder "with thut dust for certain days. David Morton In the New York Sun. Bailie Mines Fiance should have a new Industry after this war, especially If the expenditure of shells continues another year or two. Each s'dc. It Is said, has used, since March -I, more than 3,000,000 tons of steel in various sorts of shells. The aggregate of steel buried hi the battle zone almost might make that strip a Mcsaba mine. And the metal to be reclaimed would fiot be raw ore, or even pig Iron, but finished steel. The battle zone, If lost for decades to agriculture, ought to prove valuable as a m'ne und a storehouse. I.tternllv lho mntor portion of the sleel produced by four Indus- i trill) nations will hicva lteen Rnwn tn thai ll zone for a term of years. Tim dead weight of the stuff Is simply stupendous, cnough.f.ln fact, to mineralize every ucre that has been i fought over. Drenched In steel those seiuarc J" ii'ie'a ui uuiiieueiu iiueu ureii, uuill me re- VrH clnmatlon of the metal should amount to I millions of dollars In worth. The Germans, ." who nave exploited 'iiie captureu mules or ' .1 Brley, are transferring the product In a refined shape to the ,Plcardese countryside, libelous, perhaps, can be rebuilt from the price of the metals shot Into her. Minne apolis Journal. What Do. You Know? QUIZ Whit tno hotiku comiMH the French I'arlla- mri-ir t. Win un Vice I'retldent durlnx SlcKlnltr's tint term? 3, Of whom au It until "So nun wan mora fnollNh when lip laid not a pr-i la Jilt hand or more win when ho ha"T 4, What Is "another name for tbo NrlirUt Hlrcrf 3' What vlrhnitrrt Krrnrk lulilt;r t th elalit- aenth e-fnturjr wan born In TalentltnuwaT 6, Hlio wrote "The Vlrtlnlana" ' 7, What la a raracalT a. Wht la Ilie mraiilnE of "exeunt" In tho ktaso dlrrrtlona or a QlarT 0, How mi""' tarufa inuko tlie ktaneard far pure solar 10, Wh l l- If.'ilrr. now Mi tlie Vnltoa Btatea, j, or the tsecne-siovaka? , W Anwen to Yeiterdav'a Ouiz ' i ) I, Tlie lri.nl- -. In Hip v..r nf um bo. T twrrn tiu .vr-ne" "I J"" urt Brllala M-'l was alsned In 1814 at Ghent. - V .l J, Oil' t'ruuiwrll la aald to bine dlad ot tha irlp. 3, A "I--no" la frenih auracniald or h i'k mala, - ' 4, Tl' "''M.v . '. '' 1" Hnin Haa al" , rr "Ab I'rlf t'ondlta" from the touadl ot the clfjr," Ira aliui ' 'B i fauadlju ' . K An aallB laj to talBltjTk aaaa. ft aja at ta A -. aIiImib f ? -. ' tho rrrt. woni by prlckla and bjr ooato'f? canarrrated klusa, '-., -, A .'.' ,'rL '" '1 7!? ",, "' rJk waoal II a nvarwar. u i 7, Hr - ' '('lliUni, . Ia- latter rollsie.il bavin boon drrolemod oai af tho former br Uaulama or BaaMa. ', . . tie r"''n I- .llr' ' In iharM'oi , it.-. iiff,,iiii Mi,.-... u.i.i... 7-',f. a . ., T ".V.""" -.-:""- . u, jai',-wH'n i-;iiiiit lonuara ino rrtaaepi shin or Hoaor. 10, Tvaddtaa Hlon-us uaa r.n Awfrleaa i afu.trauii'.a and row cmm ,M i O I i- -r . i f" t ! . i '"-; ?, ' V- , -S "- -- ; 1 ' - ' " iKl i" && .u. ' J! tr 0 .. . 'Af-i: -. c ,L A. ,: ..CiVV J1..H - ' i . . iV . - r i . . .5 tuoaaaufcaa raj
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers