WWBP iU tsA kv. 1 en sos.- ?.? M m mi Ki ..?! "l t foAtM 'V Companies of Silcsians I in Attempt on Brit- rlah Near Meteren SCTED A WALKOVER ce Rupprecht Sacrificing dLine Troops to Keep Re serves Intact By PHILIP GIBBS ' Coble to Evening Public Ledger toht, lilt, bv Xtw York Tlmta Co. ', Correspondent's HwidnnnHcrs on S&tUie Western Front, July 27. fairly strong attack, futile In I result, was made by the Ocrnrins Unst some Scottish troops v ester- morning southwest of Meteren. M ttiems 's object was to take a it' Of rond frnlnp- oast nnrl vvost ggtHjOUttugh the British position, and six t-ialS aerman Twelfth Division, were or-J-SLgWNfed to carry out this attempt. iijvpwta Breslau lately come Into the line J -.3.. 1 tu I CMC C UIU UiKIILJ llli-l JI 'AflTlsian: wnicn. .!)n I hnv'p In rl sov. Wr. j1 times latelj, his been almost Kif3ptroyed by Australian and Scottlh jj&v troops. The Twelfth was one of those fe"k?v?Whlch took part In the Austrian of- BSW&WR'lve against the Italians before si " ttnelr reverse on the Plave, and one ? trcerlment of It. thn Sxtv. third, re- LWi JcMved a. special shoulder strap In S jfconor of Its service with the letters ilutwu .. tKaiser ivari) ana tno rjmperor IV (f , Austria became their colonel In- M'lWUef. trv -W On our front thev suffered In the i?K 8erhtlng across tho Arras Cambral road on March 24, and afterward on April 17, when they were hammered m tA A ll.t-nll. nn nan.. .IiaIm -.(-ni-n.. ii!f aoundary In Flankers when they set; with the ambitious object to get lnd our hill country and failed to anywhere. Now. after a rest. tey are' back again, and after a few iya In the line have been hit hard ce more. t & VK-A Rjaftinl Tlintr ftn-il tThe attack began after a heavy bom- Iment of the Scottish positions and e six companies then adanced In resolute way. nopmg to nave an y walk-over after the work of their uns, but they were taked with Ore the start, ana never reached load which was their goal. On the British right thev made e progress and for a time the re ts that came through from the Is there left the situation obscure, that It seemed as though the enomv gained part of the line, but later was cleared up, and tho grim ense of the Scottish Infantry re- led the assault and droe back the my with seiere losses. p it IM1H Ulll? Kaiu aa unu ouiuu uijl- iK jiest. He took a similar post the night 'mat i II i tnat nnrl hold It nnlv until Ant. kflUIans boxed It In with shell Are and fceiam lfif-0rl It nut with rlflo crpnnrion ; 3ff the Twelfth German Division has ,fy nmrains lino euw ujsiuiy ui ics iirecie:- ssjseors in tnis part or tne line, tne i will soon De very miseraDie, lor Australians and Scots have com- in making tho enemy positions My uncomfortable and Inflicting Oily losses which have reduced dlvl- tnere to mere sKeietons ot only the Eighty first Resen e. the Thirteenth ueservo and 207th ian divisions hereabout were down by constant harassing I only weak remnants of their tunnies were left In line. A com- y of the Second Battalion of the eentti Division, wnicn went into line ninety strong, was cut to ty-flve or thirty. Fourteen com- ies of the Third Battalion were as weak when the Australians done with them. WThe high command means to leave In line, said a German officer wo tured a few weeks ago. "until one kitchen Is enough to feed us all " ? VMnlnv Vr-lltl R-ftPI-r-a Tntnot $Xt is, of course, the deliberate pollcv of ince Rupprecnt ana nis army generals "make these wretched divisions hold in the line until they can hardly ger up to the outposts, so that be- the line ne may Keep intact his reserves for another great as- ilt. jrJFVom that point of view, It Is perhaps sound policy, out it is crpel on the iii left so long under shell fire. Jn this sector of the line, as at He- rne ana Aveiuy ana oiner parts, the in gunners gne no peace to the n troops. All round about Me- in they harass and scourge the en 's position day and night. They out ingenious programs of harass flre, so that one day they smash all the little bridges which the ns have built oer the canal, and 'J,V Ken another day put lines of shells M lawn his tracks and cross-roads, and Kt concentrate on his ammunition fc)anps, which go up in smoke, and then IV. Mfry machine gun posts and assembly -I r mmett ana lines or reneis, "'"(jTA 'Va causes Incessant wastage In the l tmy's ranks, keeps thetr nenes on 4"i 14J :.j , i . .u.i u.i i-i. -& 'SSW iuiu fhiiw;iva uui iiirfi uboi'iik fliwi, ftF.- m"M organized brutality, which Is the of war and ineltable In the winning -war. ltls what he Germans did to A Svltlah In th, hnrl nlrt dan nf 1011 "ESktint and part of 1916, when they great gun power ana ine tsntisn Very little and could not answer Gradually, after the monstrous of the enemy to smash them to from the opening of his offensle March 21, the British arc regaining power of Inltiatne, and it is now Germans who hae to withstand sur- 1 attacks n a big scale they were mightily sur- by Fochs counter-offensive, be ing he was still without reserves to hl own theories Into practice, and Si smaller scale, they were utterly d b the attack of a few days Between Moreull and Montdldler. h tanks played a part In causing latter surprise. In co-operation with infantry. The French general In d called one tank headquarters explained his Idea. He Is a believer and said that If he could have Services of a score or so he could some Important ground held by 'aemy as a stepping stone to and round up many prisoners it ksjsed a little, British tanks Vere ready for ad- and they were placed under command They made their way French lines, took cover until ent of attack and then advanced blue coats, who were mightily by these comrades In arms, mar- at their method of maneuvers and lied with enthusiasm for the tral- f it their crews German lines were stormed and and French infantry penetrat- esemy positions and asaaultea an machine gun posts, strong and wired defenses, cutting off at men, who surrendered quickly helming those who held out In As modern Juggernauts they the bodies of men who tried to way. and when some of them by gun fire, and were brought nil, tne crews openea ineir dragged out their machine fought from the tops of the mem as strong points. feAfe&jPO mmiWdFTME GREAT WORL7) Some of the Chief Causes Leading Up to the Cata-, clysmic Upheaval in July, Four Years Ago Tomorrow Assassination of Crown Prince Francis Ferdinand Served! Merely as the Spark to Ig nite Volcano of Wrath 1 Allies Hard Beset When United States Entered for the Sake of Human Free dom From Kultur Now Young America Appar ently Has Saved the Day in the West and Italy Holds Against Austria rniin great wir In which nenrlv the X whole world Is Involved, will hive j ni-cn wage.i ror lour eirs tomorrow. It wis on July 29 1DH. that Austria formally declared war on Serbia, one month aftf-r the nRsisslnatlon at &en- Jevo of the Austrian Crown Prince, Francis Ferdinand, and his wlffe while on an official visit to the BoBnlin capl tal This double as-apslnatlon merelv Fined as the pretext for plunging thi worlil Into the catnclvmilc clisli nf arms and wholisile slaughter of htiminltv the worBt of all ages hver since 1871 there hive hprn some ppeelRl subjects of Intern itloml conflict namely, the deslro of the FiPnch to recover Alsace-Lorraine ; the dctre of Italv to reclaim Its "unredeemed" mnns np ny Austria; colonial and commercial rivalry amnnir tho croat Powers over central and northern tr I yvsia .Minor, .Mesopotamia nnd PerMn : the Increased gravity of questions con cerning the Balkan peninsula after the Turkish revolution In IPOS, and last but by no means least In this category was the Anglo-German problem, which was in process of settlement when war broke out Dlplomntle frlI Added Furl Three diplomatic crises nrlrled fnoi tn the smoldering embers These were the first Moroccan crisis In 100B-06, In whlcn the Kaiser challenged Delcasse's policy In Morocco as opposed to the Interests of Germany, resulting In the dismissal or tne French Minister of Forelcn Af. fairs; Austria's annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (in 1908) aided nnd abetted by the Kaiser, and tho second Moroccan crisis, known ns the Aendir affair. In 1911 This affair ended In diplomatic defeat for the Kaler and caused furious resentment of the Ger man military party So much so in fact that a speaker in the Beichstag boldlv proclaimed that hereafter ' It Is not bv concessions that we shall secure peace, Dut ny tne uerman sword, and the out burst was applauded by the German Crown Prince As a link In world-power domination came the Mltteleuropa plan, defined briefly as a plan for a loosely fed erated combination for purposes of of fense and defense, military nnd eco nomic, consisting primarily of the Ger man Umpire and Austria-Hungary, but also Including tho Balkan States and , Turkey and all the neutral States that could be drawn within Its embrace, the whole group to be dominated by Ger manv The war of tho Balkan allies (1912-1.1) with Turkey nnd tho treaty of Bucharest dissipated tho Middle Eu rope dream Aitrlde a, Volcano Thus It was that matters stood In the late summer of 1914, when all Europe was astride a giant volcano whose erup tions wcrtild soon convulse the world It was at this time tho Austrian Crown Prince was assassinated Austria de cided to punish Serbia, In whose terrl tor the crlmo was committed Great Britain, Russia and Frnnce tried to me diate, but desplto their efforts Austria declared war on the little kingdom nus sla went to the aid of Serbia by mo bilizing her armies on the Austro-Hun-garlan frontier On July 31, 1914, Ger man proclaimed a ' threatening danger of war" and sent ultimatums to nussla and France. Tho next day orders for general mobilization were Issued In Ger many and France, and Germany de clared war on Russia In defense of her ally, Austria-Hungary The events that followed Germany's Invasion of Luxemburg, the violation of Belgium, the appeal of the heroic Bel gian King to Great Britain, France and Russia to come to her assistance ; Great Britain's ultimatum to Germany, fol lowed by declaration of war against the Kalsen; the subjugation of Belgium and the entrance Into Franco of the German armies with the avowed Intention of tak ing Paris; how they were hurled back at the battle of the Marne all these events need not bo recited In detail, as ....a . t m thev are still iresh in tno punuc mina And the two great opposing armies still are fighting along that great west ern line as tho world struggle Is about to enter the fifth ear. But now, as never before, the Teuton hordes face a new element of opposition The greatest country on earth, the United States, en tered the conflict more than a ear ago HOW YEAR HAS SHIFTED BATTLELINE IN ITALY jy"-1""1- ft C A K H I c . ,K2gi I f Jl II wU-dt j $ 2M Jit Iff V 'lit- .JL.tfJr Beuno Y lib J jf sIiPm 55-a.f r f S, Mr&2&r&gsrs " Vi V, i W VB ITALIAN Jj&E aOi Sssv ill Tl nm&o jt?Zr - rcvr The ucieisful Auttro-German offensive in the fall of 1917 lirouplit about the invasion of northern Italy anil a sweeping change in the battlefront. The Austrian offensive of litis ear ended in failure and the re-establishment of the Italian lines on the Piave, as shown on the above map 1-lrt r "1 REVIEWED CONCISEL Y AND ACCURA TEL Y CHANGES WROUGHT ll--wva lnf,v,ut ikf H f Jb . at&ANpUL tlTlSfc. Js0rMt4CY wAAsBOW U Hich Tide or crfmAH ihvwom , I OCSS. Jv .A. VJV H JJjVlQf A kill pnesctir battle tins sbbbbbbbbbi .AlSniliiyw X Lf t IT - ,- jLjVcfxJH SBBBBBaaasaasaBBaasatasssBBsBBBMBBBaBa fr-"" V Vs'j C.RAY gwtxiit-X llic cud of 1 lie fourth venr nf the uoilil u.ii luiil- hiiiii j.r ,n 'lnlnii;. .uiiiiii oi the D.iliu line in the priiuipnl war thrstrc from Julj, 1917. Tliec rhanjEcn rcMilkd pnnrip!ill from llic toii-Hleralile (Jcrinan pains in I'irnrilv, in Handera and again in the Champagne. Ileforc tlie liplilmp fcisoit of 1918 end", however, eonic furllicr great changes in the battluhnc can be expected, parliiularl on the ?oi-on Hlicinis front, where the Allies arc meeting with cnntimimg sucics in behalf of liberty, of freedom, of jus tice, of humnnltv In short, a world de mocrat as opposed to autocrac , and for thee principles tho Allies are fight ing 'wnn "elfish Motive Other nations there nro that are fight ing, or at least, began to fight, for other reasons Italy, for example, declared war on Austria with tho desire to com plete her unification by acquiring from Austria the Italian-speaking Trentlno and Trieste Bulgaria hided with the Central Powers bemuse she was assured by Germany of the much coveted shore on tho Aegean Se i Rumania had her eje on Trnnslanla as her spoils of wnr Japan, still resentful at being ousted from Port Arthur in 1895 and the seizure by Germany of Klaochou Bay In 1897, declared war on Gcrmanv and promptly captured Tslngtau, on Klaochou Bay. Thus far, however, the spoils of war, the Krrltory conquered b tho sword or acquired bv disgraceful peace treaties notably that with Russia, are In favor of the Central Powers What Is the war about " Whj all this slaughter" Merely to attempt to enforce upon the world German domination atid the Imposition of German kultur And" against this attempt Is opposed all the forces cf France, of Great Britain, of Italy and nf the United States The Issue now is plain democracy and freedom vs autocracy and slavery Germany's general plan of action was first to crush France, then Russia and finally Great Britain Tho German plan In Its earlier stages was h!o a time table, but the pissago of the Germans across Belgium In arms halted before Llego and before N'nmur until great artillery battered tho way to tho French frontier. And now only eight inarches separated the advancing Germans from the forts of Paris Despite determined opposition by tho Trench and British armies tho invaders advanced to within twenty miles of the French capital Then camo tho battle of the Marne, tho battle that ' decided that Europe should still be European and not rruslan " This battle (September C-10) forced the Germans to retreat to the Alsne. where they entrenched For five d.iS (Septem ber 12-17) tho Allied armies made des perate but futile attempts to break through tho enemy lines From Switzer land to the North Sea tho enemy trench system was extended Antwerp was captured October 8, thus completing the conquest by the Germans of the Belgian coast In the battlo of the River Ysor (October 16-28) nnd Iho first battle of pres (October 22-Xov ember iro the C APtYI'l n Inoeoa 11 n(n nnt Ini ntn.,1 n I 4 FA AAA " ,.. tic niuium m mu.uuu int! pans oi i r.anco now neia ny the Germans Included 90 per cent of her Iron ore 80 per cent of her Iron nnd steel m inufncturers and 50 per cent of her coal resources Meanwhile on the eastern front the Russian Invasion of Ea-st Prussia was making headway and tho necessity of A lYfaV . H i5 rlsw-. jwlK. ",t,t i THE LAST YEAR ON withdrawing Germ in tioops from the west from to halt the Inv (dors helped produce the German check on the M irne Ono Russian nimv advancing fiom Wm saw, was crushed In the Initio nf Tan nenburg, and a ternnd iirmv advancing from Kovno, was dNastrouslv defeitod In tho battle of the Mmirlin I.aKes East Prussia w is ihus cleared of the Russians, and General Hlndenliuig, who conducted that campaign, became, the military Idol of German The Russian invasion of G illcl i was more successful T.irnopol, H ilic I.embeig and Jarohlav wbre enptured, and In March of Hie suc ceeding ear Frzemvsl had snriendered and the Inv isiou of Hungary w'astlueat ened In December, thanks to the telaxn tlon nf Austrian pressuir Si rbl i ex pelled the Austrian invadirs from her territory It was in October of the firt jear of the war that Turkey openl joined the Teutonic allies Previously such non-neutral acis ns (-hollering Ger man warships and bniiibarcllnc Russian Black Sea ports had led to Allied decla latlons of wai against the Sultan In naval w ufaie tho Hiltlsh won the battlo at llolgoland Right on August 28, but lost three cruisers In the North Sea on September 21 On November 10 Iho Get man cruiser Emden was caught nnd de.strocrt at Cocos Island, after a ideational pirating career The Ger man fleet wok driven from tho seis bv the British In a battlo off the Falkland Islands In November. A summary of the situation at tho close of 1914 shows the defeat of the plan of the Gcrmtin general Ktnft to cap ture Paris, the check of tho Teutonic forces In tho east; the failure of Ger many and Austria to join forces with ihelr new Turkish ally, and tho mas tery of tho seas by Great Britain Cnlnpnlcn of 1915 Activities on tho west front began in March with an Allied offonslvo In tho Champagne sector, followed b tho sec ond battlo of Yprcs, April 22-2C, but tho preparations of the Allies for earning the formidable German en trenchments wero Inadequate, and both offensives failed of their objectives In this second battlo of Ypres the Germans first used poison gas In September the Allies again launched an offensive In Champagne and rianders without mak ing any headway, and soon thereafter General French was superseded by Gen eral Hals as British commander-in-chief. It was In February and March of this car that the Allies attempted to force tho Dardanelles with their fleets alone Afler long delay troops were landed some In April and others In August, on tho Galllpoli peninsula. Toward the close of the vear enormous losses had been suffered and the venture was aban doned . On tho eastern front the Russians again Invaded East Prussia In January but wero crushed by Hlndenburg In tho Mazurlan like legion after eight das of hostilities, ended on February 12 A month previously the Russians had WAR i.0', v THE WEST FRONT defeited the Turkish nimy In the Caucasus region Now tho combined Teutonic forces, under Hlndenburg .and Mnckensen, begin a terrific dilve ngnlnsl tho RusMins in Poland and Galkli Thia powerful onslaught begin In April and ended in August with tho fall of War saw. All 1 nl md was cnnqueied nnd Courland overrun The Russians lost 1,200,000 In killed and wounded, 900 000 wero captured and f.5 000 squire miles weie wrested from Russian inntrol Bul- g iria, long hesitant, threw her foi tunes with thn Teutons in October, and tVilila was crushed by a simultaneous Inva sion nf Austro-Geimans and Bulgarians, which was completed in December, The Centi il Poweis were now linked tn Tur key h the Adhesion of Rulgaila nnd. the conquest of Serbia Thev were no longer hemmed In; the had t ilsed the slego To Americans, perhaps, the most mo mentous occurrence of the voir was the deliberate sinking by a German sub- DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS SEVERED Austria against Japan, August 26, 1911 Austria against Portugal, March 10, 1916. Austria against Seibla, July 26, 1914 Austria against United States, Apiil S, 1917. Bolivia against Germany, April 14, 1917. liiayll against Germany, April 11, 1917. China against Germany, Maich 14, 1917. Costa Rica against Germany, Sep tember 21, 1917. Ecuador ngnlnst Germany, Decem ber 7, 1917 Hgvpt against Germany, August 11 1914. Fiance .against Austria, August 10, 1914. imrlno on Mav 7 of tho passenger steimshlp l.usitanla, with a loss of 1 19S lives, 1.M being Americans CnmpulKli of 1010. Two great battles marked tho vear on tho western fiont The first was the battle of Verdun, begun In Tebru ary nnel cndetl In Jul The Germans were defeated with enormous losses through the heroic resistance of the Trench under General I'ctaln.whose brief message, "They shall not pass," has he come historic In this battlo tho Ger man losses were estimated at 500,000 The second great bittle of tho jear was tho battle of the bomme, begun in July and ended In November The strengthened artillery of the Allies en abled them to drive hack the Germans on a front of tvvcntj miles and to a depth of nine miles Tho toll In life was he.ivv, tho Allies losing 800,000 and the Geimans 700,000 men In tho east Russia began a great of fensive under General Brusllov, extend ing fiom tho Pripet marshes to the Bukovvlnlan border. Cernowltz was cap tured In June, and hundreds of thou sands of Austrians wero taken prisoner, On tho Armenian front the Russian army of Grand Duke Nicholas conducted a sueeesbful offensive jgalnst tho Turk'f, capturing Krzerum in February and Tiehizond in April Tho Austrians con ducted a successful offensive from the Trentlno In Ma and June Rrusllov's drive In Gallcl.i, however, relieved the pressure upon the Italians, who In Au gust and September freed Italian soil of the Austrians, and began an offen sive which hi ought them Gorlzla, on the river Isonzo, nnd carried them to within thirteen miles of Trieste. A serious blow to 'British prestige In the Kas,t occurred on April J9, vjhen General Townshend and his .army of 13,000 men surrendered to tho Turks at Kut-el-Amara In naval engagements tho battlo of Jutland on May 31 was the prominent sea flgW. The British battjo cruiser fleet and the German high seas fleet were the combatants, and there was heavy lots on both sides At the close of this campaign the balance, on the whole. Inclined In favor of the Allies at Verdun, on the Sommc, In Gallcla and on the sea. The Cen tral Powers, however, contlnueel to post-ess the advantage of operating on In terior lines, enabling them, while adopt ing a defensive attitude on certain fronts, to concentrate for a drive else where; also they retained their superior ity (though diminished) In strategy, tac tics and material eeiulpmcnt. Campaign of 1017 Germany's ruthless undersoil warfare Imparted a more desperate character to the conflict in the early part of tho jear. bcores of belligerent and neutral ships were sunK, many or mem Ameri can. Eventually, on April 6, after re peated failures by the W llsou Adminis tration to bring tne uerun uovernment to Its sejises, Congress declared tho ex istence of a state of war between the United States and Germany, and on Aus tria-Hungary on December 7. Energetic measures 'were' taken" to , rarU.. eWp and transport Svtn rfrmjr nvras, and by the end of , the year 2M,- 000 men were In Frahce under Oen eral Pershing, Other heretofore how neutral nations speedily emulated tne example of this country In regard to Germany; among these mny bo men- tloneel Cuba, Minima, urecce tnncr ipe deposition of Constantino). Slant, Li beria, China and uracil .viost oi tno South American countries simply severed diplomatic iclatlons with Germany. It was In March oi tins venr mat the whole German army on the western front withdrew to tho famous Hlnden burg line, extending from Arrns to Sols sons Tho h tttlo of Arrns, begun on April 9 and ended early In May, brought slight galn3 to tho Allies The bnttlo of Flanders, lasting from July to December, resulted In tho capture of Passchendaelo rlelgn nnd other gains. But the crowning triumph for the Allies In the west of this campaign came with the battle of Cambral, which began on November 20 and ended In December. Tho battle was begun by "tanks" with out nrtillerv prepiratlon. The Hlnden burg line was penctrnted and the Ger mans wero forced to retire on a front of twenty miles nnd to a depth of sev eral miles Violent counter-attacks by the Germans forced partial retirement of tho Allies from part of the line. Russia, meanwhile, was In tho throes nf a revolution Socialists and radicals formed a Government under Kerensky. Tho C7ar abdicated on March 19. Rus- slin and German armies on tho cast, front rested on their nnns Germans took advantage of tho lull to scl7e Riga, thus threatening Petrogrnel General Kornllov failed In his attempt In seize power with a Mew to restoring order and prosecuting the war. Kerensky was oiorthrnwn bv the Bolshevik! In Nov em- bet Russia's obligations to the Allies were repudiated and a separato armis tice, with a view to Immedl.ato peace, was ncgtlated with Germany. In May tho Italians began a great of fonslvo In the Isonro nrei, but when the Russian upheavnl permitted tho with drawal of Austrian troops to tho Italian front a new Austro-uerman counter rirkn wns begun In October nnd the Ital lans lost 280 000 men and thousands of guns. The Italians trndo u stand on the Plavo nnd Bronta Rivers nnd opportune aid by British and Flench halted th advance of the enemy. British arms regained their prestlgo In Fgvpt by the captuto of Palestine In Maich. the taking of Ascalon nnd Jaffa in November, nnd the surrender of Jeru t ilem In December. CnnipnlRn of 1918 Disintegration of Russia Into several Independent Slates marked tho begin ning of the ear Theso upheavals were accompanied by civil wnis, political and hocial chaos, economic dlsniganl7atlon and great suffering Uicrnlnla,, ono of the Independent States, negotiated and signed a peace pact with Germany In Pebrinrv. .and In March the Bolshevik Government concluded a ponco treaty with the Central Powers,, thus ending foi tho time Russia's participation In tho war'on the sldo of tho Allies Men and munitions thereupon wero trans ferred bj the German general start from tho east to tho west fiont, and the Hlndenburg hordes wero enormously strengthened The great spring drive In the west wns opened bv the Teutonic forces on Maich 21, nnd Is known ns the battlo nf Ple.idy In thirteen elivs bv tenlflc massed nttacks the Germans drove back the? British nnd French a distance of thlrtv-five miles on a fiont of sixty miles, thus wiping out the gains of tho Allies in tho two preceding cimpilgns it was after tills greit Initio that a unity of command was agiced upon and General rcrdlnand Foeh. i Marne hero, is given supreme commitid of thn Al lied forces General Pershing lmme ellatelv offered 100 000 men to General Fneli, and slncn then Amcilcnn soldiers h iv o been en the fighting line In various sectors By April .1 a lull had come Greeco ngnlnst Turkey, July 2, 1917 (government of Alovmdci) Greece ngnlnst Austria, July 2, 1917 (government of Alcvandci) Guatemala against Germany, April 27, 1917. Halt! against Germany, Juno 17, 1917. Honduras against Germany, May 17. 1917. Nicaragua against Germany, May IS, 1917. Peru against Germany, October 6, 1917. Turkey against United States, April 20, 1917. United States agilnst Germany, rcbmaiy 3, 1917 Uiuguny against Germany Octo bcr 7, 1917. and both sides brought up forces for n renewal of thevstruggle On April 1 tho Get mans attempted to foice the northern barriers The, thus developed between Ypres and-Arras, from a base of twenty miles, with a peipcndlLiiI ir of fifteen, what Is known a3 tho Ls silltnt This was nearer Ypres th.in it was Arras; nnd for twehty mllOH noitli of Anjas the line. Including tho Lens sector, has re mained static to this day '1 hn I, s sa lient, being held on Its flanks. Just ns tho PIcardy salient w.is held, tho Ger mans' next move was to return to their folluro at this salient's southern bai riers On May 27 thev- launched their third offensive from Noon ocr a fiont of forty miles tr Rhelms They ciossed tho Aisno on an elghtecn-mllo front and reached the Marne on a sl-mile fiont, between Chateau-Thierry and Poiinins Thev- managed to deploy to some extent on the east of tho Marne front, but were held on the nevrth hank of the ilver This third ofTenblvo wns tdopped and neutralized on May 31. On June 9 the enemy, on an extension of his base west ward, between Novon and Montdldier twenty miles launched the fourth nf. fenslvn with Complcgno as Its obvious objective. His maximum penetration was seven and a hnlf miles, which imme diate counter-attacks reduced to less than five. It wns leld almost from the first and died aw ay, on June 11. Roth the third and fourth offensives wero rendered aboitlve by the Allied troops, instead of retreating before the enemy s advance, deplojlng right and left, thus strengthening the flanks making them in theso Instances Invul nerable and depending on prepared posi tions to Btop tho cnem's centcw. From Juno 1J until July IS the Ger mans, save for their assault on Rhelms on July 1, have heen virtually en the defensive, while limited local offensives made by the Allies from Ypres down to Chateau-Thierry and almost dally air operations over tho enemy's suppl bases and lines of communication have broken up his formations, delajed his concent rations and robbed him of several val uable strategic positions east of the Forest of Nleppo In tho Ls hallcnt, north and Fouth of the Somme before Amiens, noithwest and southeast of Montdldier, northwest and southeast of Solssons, and finally northwest of Chateau-Thierry, where tho Americans, first from June 6 to Jiine 12 and then on July 3, gained ground. Including the strategic position of Vaux, which meas urably strengthened the French posi tions as far north as the Solspons sector and protected the Marne from an enemy crossing west of Chateau-Thierry. Early in the morning of July IB the Germans jauncnea a desperate annex on both sides of Rhelms In their drive to ward Paris. Desperate engagements were fought, but a spirited counter-attack carried out by American troops drove back the enemy. Then the Ameri cans delivered a second attack and pushed forward their lines 700 jards be yond the point from which the Kaiser's troops started 'their offensive. On the 16th the French and Americans again ,I.z.'X , ""-- - ked. the German lines and advanced attacked. to helthta dominating the fetanM ralNrjr. In! a 'treat MUriMf-oftenslv oetunon lh morning of the 18th French and America! troops drove deep Info the German lines on' a thirty-mile front be tween Alsne and Kontenoyi west.of Sols sons and the Marne near , Chateau Thierry, tho drive having for Its purpose the German right flank. The American troops carried all before them through out tho day. Thousands of prisoners and many 'cannon were captured. Through out the next day the battle raged and several divisions of German reserves woje brought up On the 2l8t the French and Americans occupied Chateau-Thierry and "pursued thefleelng Germans Ave miles beyond that town. Town nfter town and many square miles of terri tory have been occupied by the advanc ing' Allies as tho Germans Blovvly are foiced back. General Foch'si blc sumrlso attack of July 18 was directed against tho pocket the German Crown Prince had forced downvneross tho Marne, extending north eastward to Rhelms nnd northwestward tn Solssons Tho American armies plaed a heroic part In this counter offensive, fighting shoulder to shoulder with tho British, French and Italians. Tho Germans were forced back across tho Marno and nie still retreating, though fighting every foot of the way. Thus far many prisoners' and gunu have been taken and the battle Is still In prog ress French, American and British forces continue to gain ground on the north, west aqd south. The width and depth of thq pocket are being gradually lessened by the Allied forces, and the ends of the great pincers are being forced closer dally, so much so In fact that Impartial military writers believe that the Crown Prince may not be able to extricate his army. On the Italian front Austria cgan a tremendous offensive on June 15 along a front of 100 miles British and French "troops njded the Italians, and the Aus trlnns suffered defeat and great losses The Italians nro now holding firmly the whole Plave line. Tho fourth oar of tho war closes with the balance largely In favor of the Allies IL NEMIC0 RESIPNT0 AL FR0NTE 1TALIAN0 Anche in Albania gli Italiani Operano' Sempre con Succcsso FuUlshed Rinl Dlntrlhutfd Under PERMIT No 341 Authorized liy the net of October B, 1917 on fllo at the l'ostofllco of Phila delphia. Pa. lly order of the President V A P. llUrtl.I sTN. Postmnitcr General. Itonin, 27 lugllo II Mlnlstero della Gueria ha pubbll- cato, lerl. If t-cguente comunlcato: "Rlpartl ncmlcl che hanne tentato dl attuccarc le nostrc poslzlonl nella Valle Framcl i sono statl rcsplntl Una ln curslonc compluta el i un dlstaccamento dl truppo fiancesl ad orlente dl Zocchl, diedo per rlsuIUto la tattura dlqulndlcl prlgionlcil ' lu Albania, mercoldl', colonne ncml cho pel duo vcite dtl.iccaiono con grancle vloleii.i lu nustiu podltom da Aidenlca at bcitoie a nuid del b.isto coibo del iiumo bcmenl, ma fuiono icsplnte -ello slcbsu giuino un.iltia ceionna ncmica tiuvcrco il aeinciu piu' ud tat dl Kuu o foiu' 1 nobtil potl avainsatl a rltl- laibi. Mu. uuuntrallucco glovcdl' mat Una lcbplnse'll ntimco al dl la' ael iluinc." L, btato annunziato che 11 magglot gcnciale Alkbne Pavia o' gluiiocamcnlc cauutu sul campo ell lialtaglla, durante le, opci.uionl svoltcsl In Albania Uiu uuo uel piu' giuvam ira fci ufflciali genu all Un dispacclo el i Pailgl annunzla che 11 Uciicialo lleithclct, H comandanto fianccto dello ttuppu alleaie a sud-ovest di Rliclnib, in un oidine del glcuno ullo suo annate cita i coutlngciiil Itullanl pel il loiu valore id eioismo dimostruto net eiuaianta gionii di Ulfcba Uelle posi zionl sullAidtc, uuiante i eiuali lullis bdo uluvanti pcrdtte al UdebChi, In cunllnul contiattacclit. 11 Gciieialo Uotlhclet dice. lo uuita' itaiiano salvatono le posl zioni ad esse allldatc, cd hanno pra par tecipato billlantcmentej.iillolfenblva. 11 tanguo latino chu in comune c' statu v citato sul stiolo dl Prancia lega le due.nazlonl borclle piu' die mal Icima incnto liiblcint." MulilniEtun, Uc, i lugllo La Cioco Robba Americana annunzla cho-la somma dl 12,()57,8j7 e' statu preventlvata pe-i II lavoto dl guerra In Italia, per un pertodo dl sel mesi dal pi lino lugllo. IM delta somma circa novo mliionl dl elollari saianno Imple gatl per I boccorsl alle pupolazlonl civ ill. L.immontare preventlvato provvedepure .alia sneti lier la distrlbuzlono dl vlverl al piofughl dello torre invabo topra una basa dl 16,000 raztonl al glorno. 1'nrlfl, 27 lugllo Le onerazlont al fronte dl battaglla, ,flno al pomerlgglo ill lerl, possono rias- stimersi come segue: FRENCH PEASANTS FILL ROADS, BUT THEY SMILE, GOING HOME Different Expressions Appear Upon Their Faces- as They Face East, This Time Re-enacting Scene of Exodus Ahead of Germans fly tho Associated Press Atli the American Army on the Altne- Marne, July 27. French peasants again are choking the roadwas below the Marne east of Chateau-Thierry. But this time they are going home Instead of leaving, as was the case In June, when the alarms were sounded that tho Germans were coming. Every road leading northward con tains streams of peasants and -vehicles of every description with effects of all kinds piled high on them, uut on tno faces of the people Is a different expres sion than that which they bore when they were going the other way. The ex pression at this, time Is of anticipation, but Hlso of anxiety, as they know not what awaits them jit home. Many peasants travel in great two wheeled hayracks or carts, with one two and sometimes five horses In single file Tho carts are loaded with house hold effects, with bicycles, bird cages and similar belongings swinging over the sides Grandfathers, grandmothers and babies ride with fcatjier mattresses as seats. . Urge Hones Eagerly Fathers drive the carts, and mothers and .walking children and cows, goats and. dogs trail behind. .On one occasion a boy was seen hauling' a small wagon containing the family cat. The father was eagerly urging his horses ahead, de sing to reach his former home as soon as possible. , Various surprises await different groups of the French people. Some of them will find their thlck-w ailed stone or frame houses, hammered to pieces by tho German heavy guns, nothing more than a pile of crushed roclt or shattered wouaworK. ineir neias nave pem'"-'' """. L.i .i,u k k .aib pitied every few feet as if by a rata caaas ,w?u, om tmm, h woodwork. Their fields have been xrfp rp- p : s".. i AS OIJLCHY FALLS Capture of FereenTf denois Now Only Matter ' of Time FOE ABANDONS NEW LINE Indicated That German Re treat Must Go as Ear as the Vesle Special Cabfeito Evening PublicLtdgtr i.vpvrionj, ij, fv Aeio vera ruin ce. Paris, July ST. The official communique shows that Thursday was one of the best days for the Allies since the beginning of the fifth German .offensive, nearly fortnight ago. The loss of Oulchy-ltH Chateau la a serious blow to the Ger mans on tho Ourcq, to whom Its pos session was a necessity. The Allied victory here may b gauged by the fact that the enemy's troops had received orders to hold the town at any cost. The capture of Oulchy by the Allies, means that the Germans now have lost all possibility of being able to maintain themselves more than a short time at Fere-en-Tardenols, which Is their most Im portant center between the Marne and the Vesle. Nor is the Allied success on the Ourcq confined to the capture of Oulchy. The capture of Armentlerei, Colncy and the Bols de Tourletto by De Goutte's forces already has made the Allied advance on Fere-en-Tar denois from south of the river whloh they are now steadily approaching", only a matter of time, with Oulchy In his hands Mnngln's advance on Fere from north of the Ourcq will be comparatively easy of accomplish ment. Fuither north, between Oulchy and the heights south of Solssons, the battlo continued exceptionally severe. Vlllemontler, which now lias appar ently fallen Into our possession, has changed hands several times during tho last day or two. Mint Retreat to Vesle Yesterday's news from the battle front Indicates that the German ef-, fort to establish the new line of de fense on the line of plateaus running: across the Tardenols country from Oulchv to Vllle en-Tardenols already Is being abandoned as lmposlble of execution, and that the enemy's troope now realize the only possible means of i-alvntlon is a retreat at least as far back as the River Vesle. Our aerial observefs. according to re ports received here this afternoon, haye noted manv signs to support this view. Fires and explosions have been observed at many centers, deposits cf supplies Af all kinds have been seen In flames. The Germans nre destroying ammunition and supplies because they are unable to carry them along In their retreat, to keep them from falling Into the hands of the enemy. The fact affords striking evidence of the continued development of the Allied' vie tnry and of the disaster It has caused the enemy. " Appreciable progress continues to be made by General Berthelot's army in front of the Mountain of Rhelms and In the direction of Chatlllon. On either sloe or the salient, therefore, the enemy t;as alternatives only of hurried flight or worse disaster. The losses of the German," during the first two days of fighting after the launching of the enemy offensive in the Champagne appear now to have been even heavier than was first reported. When the Germans east of Rhelms fell into the trap which Gouard laid for them they were mowed down literally in heaps From where Gouard's guns were placed It was possible, owing to the He of the terrain, to observe directly the effect of the French fire, and entire ranks of the enemy were seen to crumble up like paper. A French deputy who has Just returned from a visit to Gouard's army narrates striking details of this part of the lAttle. Germans Completely DecelTed Tho Germans, he says, ware com pletely deceived by Gouard's strategy of leaving only scattered machine-gun par ties In his advanced posts when he wlt'glrew virtually the whole of his men to thn positions In the rear In which he decided to fight, and they thtught that when they reduced the resistance of these little garrisons they had carried the prin cipal French positions They were then seen to deploy without taking the least cover, in order to advance by assault against the second line. Large masses of artillery even came right out into the opii House Naval Committee in England Washington, July 27 Safe arrival in England of fourteen members of the House Naval Committee, headed by Chairman Padgett, of Tennessee, Is announced by the Navy Department They will meet Franklin, D. Roosevelt, Assistant Secretary of the Navy, 'who la now abroad, and Inspect American naval vessels and stations of Iron. Vegetable gardens are bare, tne vegetables having gone to feed the Ger mans Some of the people will find their houses standing In great holes, the red-tiled roofs and windows shattered and what was left behind when the ex odus began in heaps, everything of value or of use to the Germane having been taken. Some will And their kitchen stoves standing, mirrors Intact and beds In place, the latter with Indications of having recently been occupisa. rnee will be the farms where the Germans made themselves cohnfortable, and when the Allied offensive began they were 00 taken by surprise that they did not neve time to destroy or. pack the utensils 'Of which they had been making use. Not Gratl-Damaged If the peasants left behind any live stock that it will be gone Is sure. Some fields of wheat now are awaiting bar vesting, and in places It. Is surprising the little damage that has been done, despite the shells. True, most of them are dented by trie heavy projectiles from the guns, but In some Instances the farmers can fill In the holts and soon use harvesters to cut their grain. From a distance the hillsides along the Marne, over and upon which the battle raged, appear like a great checkerboard, the different ripened gralne representing the little squareb. As the battle line wavered under the Impetus of the Allied thrust one peasant had his tept on a cart, ready to leave for home. He had heard that his house waa down and his orchard gone; that the !.. Imnlam'atlli tn had left toAhlnd ALLIES' BEST DAY ra (tiled with bullet holes or were l rusty and useless. But he hurried on. tik hundreds of other peasants, to what i m e- hl hAitt&untll thft Cli?nmMMM u.v "" -L" '" .. T W 'wl -"'Tr. V IS simJ ?., 0 JL . i li.1. . 7. TAeJKZ.JHi.lZL "i, ai TT'J'-.Y SSI.JrVft1:
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