" u EVENING PtJBLIO LEDGER-PHILADELPHIA, FRIDAY, APRIL 20, 1918 ?&L Euehmfl public Ifed&tt PUBLIC LEDGER COMPANY Chf rl H, T.u.$lnt(Jn. Vlct 'Pre Mfnti John C. 'itDrrreiiry na iTfMurerj i-niiiprv-k-viiiu-, wiiiiami, aonn J opureon. uirrcwi. KDITOIUAt, nOAHDl Ones II. IC C cutis. Chairman gAVIDE. BMILCr... EJ'tflf jOWy C. MARTIN.. ..Oenernl UuilneaslIanaBer PabllilinJ dnllr at rustic T.itKiitti IlulldlnB. . Independence Square, Wllioipli. . " CavTiuL llroad nl Chtnut Btreetii AnaKTIo Cm.. Pri-Uiil? I'tilldlns Iitoit... 401 Ford nallillnic CmaMo ."... 1202 Tribune llulldlnj XRWS BUREAU8! TlnifOTOl tlcrc. . . ,,,,,.:. , N. I. Cor. rennsr vanla Ave n-t 1 4th 1 St. t- Yok lioauc The Sun lWlMtn; JL0J.DO.X Until? London rime SUBSCniPTIOM TnilMH The tfrrai..- Pernio Uwitn I" served to ub crlbera In Philadelphia and aurroundlne town" t the rate or twelve (It!) will per week. WOlo ""r'to point, out.lde of rhllad;lPtjl. In H.ul'" o.tiirn. vnun'.'t. ;'"".- r:. ...th. ion. pomace rree. nrtjr ii '" "i... "- t dm dollar- nr war. narable In. advance. To all rorelrn countries one (111 dollar rsr Notici SubHcrlbers, wl-blne. add-css chanced muat five old aa well aa new addrcaa. BELL, 3000 VALMJT KEY6TOE. MAIN M00 S- JMmi oil commuiilcndo-t- toKynlaPubUa Lrdotr. Ititexitti&tnct Square. WilUrliiiiw, sxiraio at inr. i-niLABM-riiu rost office as tECPMl CLA MAIt. UTT.H. rMUaclphla, ftl 'ir. April it. HIS WHY? TnOOP trains follow each other endlessly through Philadelphia these days. Fare well letters addressed by men to nil parts of tho country whiten the station plat forma committed by departing soldlets to the care and consclenco of thoso who hap pen to pick them up. Fifty letters out of every hundred arc without stamps. This, according to the best advices, Is not a re sult of accident or negligence. Reserve allotments held out of the soldiers' pay and Liberty Bonds which most of the men ha 0 bought leave little from a wago of $30 a month. Why should not the Government trans port the letters of soldiers without charge? The mall franking privilege Is now sa cred to Congressmen and jobholders In Washington. Thero Is no Congressman and no Senator who has not at one time or another vowed his devotion to the In terests of the soldiers. Yet no one appar ently has made a serious effort to insure tho courtesy of free postal service '.j the enlisted men, who on their way to the front must depend on tho charitable impulse of civilians to have their farewell letters de livered by mall. Mr. Varo talks about his forty wards hi exactly the same tone which tho Huns uso In their reference to Belgium. SHIPYARD HOUSING IF ADMIRAL. BOWLES and the shipping board can really settle the Hog Island housing problem without any further delay they will lift the city at large from a mood -of crowing Impatience. Tho confusion which has attended this detail of, tho Hog Island project Is beyond ordinary under standing. Almost limitless money has been at the IC disposal or tne Emergency Fleet Corpora i tlon since Hog Island was first planned. The experts surely 1 lew that the s-clf-bulldlng ship has not yet been evolved that human labor Is essential, that It must ' tie organized and sheltered. Admiral Bowles manifested glimmers of dawning wisdom by a swift reversal of his plan to dispossess hundreds of household ers near the shipyards. Tho public, and It is to be presumed tho Government lts-elf, is weary of statements and pronounce ments. Houses should have been built si:: months ago In adequate numbers. If Ad miral Bowles doesn't know how t get the 1 built Mr. Schwab may show him. They are bcrubbing the outer walls of City Hall. That is as deep as tho cleaners ever get. STRAFING THE DUTCH UNTIL, the Great Hate expands and be comes more actlvo on tho Dutch bor ders any analysis of Its Immediate purpose must be futtie. Tho present situation is significant only because of related events. To some observers the threatened raid Into the Netherlands Is ono more omen of an Impending final crash of naval power In the North Sea. The work done by the British and French la attempts to blockade tho submarine exits at Zeebruggc and Ostend may be un done In a week or a month. Meanwhile If the submarines In that quarter are really hindered the situation would be advanta geous to any fleets attacking Helgoland. A glance at tho map will thow that the harbors of AVllhelmlna's country provide not only a refuge but a means of offense that would give tho Germans an extraor dinary advantage in any culminating Im pact of tho world's naval forces In the waters where the Allies must fight If ever they are to force a way past Helgoland to the Hun fleets. Tho Germans used tanks for the first time In a charge at the American position. Tm German can steal more than land. THE NEW AIM OF CHARITY sTN TUB minds of Idealists charity Is con ceived as a free Impulse of the heart spontaneously expressed. It Is often said that charity may not bo organized and systematized unless It bo subjected to a grim change of methods and motives. Yet organized charity has a purposo even lllfher than that of the Samaritan, slnco Its aim Is not only to relieve suffering and institution, but to eliminate these insplra tlen.9 of the sort of active pity which ex .presses Itself In good works for the un- iunate. tAWfcUB the annual repor. of the charities welfare bureau of the Philadelphia naber of Commerce, which has Just btq Issued, Indicates an increasing gen aral Interest in means and methods likely to jtjvent poverty and ill-health. In the safaablo work of studying and listing Dfirved charities, the special committee ft. Chamber of Commerce listed increas ''sr numbers of playgrounds,, day nurseries, ttismente, boys' and girls' clubs and Mtlr agencies organized to train and Ui and uplift thoce who begin Ufa In Th crowded sections of the city. Such ffTVMia ultimately will simplify the prob- M tUa charitable by making health ace and self-reliance the com- tfcoiHi wlio otherwise UUr . ."'-'t USEFULNESS OP MUSTARD TLASTERS JOHN D. RYAN would not liavo been put in chnrgo of building nirplanes, Mr. Schwab would not have been nsked to speed up the ship program, General Goethals would not have been ordered to superintend the shipment of men and supplies and Mr. StctMnius would not have been made purchasing agent for the War Department if tho stinging mustard plaster of wholesome criticism had not been applied to thp romnlnccnt cerebral tumefaction in Washington with its usiml beneficent results. Thc-e is no uso in blinking the fact that the Government departments have been sl"v in getting things done. The old-fashioned bureaucratic methods had served well enough when there was no crisis. The men who used thoso methods were accustomed to them. They could thii'; of no other wav to do things. Thcv thouirht that when there were more things to be done tho only way was to get more men to do them. But things did not get done. The storm of criticism arose. It found expres sion in Congress and in the press. Some of it was tinctined with partisan rancor. Some of it was unjust. Much of it was well founded. But it was all wholesome. The executive departments would vosent it at fi"t and announce that everything wns going on as well ns could be expected. We were told that it was impossible to adjust the machinery of Government overnight to the new demands on it. "Let us alone and we shall come out all right," the department heads said time after time. They were not let alone. And they should not have been. The critics kept up their prodding and they criticized merci lessly. Congressional committees inves tigated and newspapers exposed what their own investigators discovered. And then it would suddenly be announced that the control over this activity or that had been taken from the man who had said everything was running smoothly and put in the charge of a man who had a reputation in private life for getting things done. There is no moie shining example of tho power of free speech and a fiee press than is afforded by its wholesome effect upon the war activities of the Adminis tration. It has had its influenco on the whole conduct of affairs in Washington. Competent observers who have recently visited the national capital report that theie is no more running about in a circle, such as irritated every one who tried to get any business done last fall. This is encouraging to those who have been mixing the mustard plasters and applying them where they were needed. It is public business that is managed in Washington and the public is not dis posed to have it bungled. Our servants there may prepare themselves for just as much more criticism as their conduct deserves. IJojd George has an extraordinary tal ent for rousing tho Ire III Ireland. MR. TAFT AND THE WAR WJIENCVEU Mr. Taft comes to town. wheneer he writes or speaks of the ono overwhelming subject of war, ho In spires a new admiration and a new sense of friendliness In his audiences. It Is his peculiar good fortune to be able to make great Judgments In a tranquil spirit and to approach any question, no matter how extraordinary it may bo, with a serene mind. Passion and riotous prejudice con tribute nothing to his appraisals of men and events. And ho has humor. Humor enriches wisdom. It keeps one's conscious ness steady in any great crisis. It clarifies Judgment. Again yesterday, when Mr. Taft visited this city. It was possible to see why ho Is easily nc.st to the President In popular es timation as a Voice of the Times. His voluntary service to tho country In the present Instance Is all the more valuable becauso It Is possible for him to say many things which the President himself fs pre vented from saying by tho extraordinary restrictions of his ofTlce. It Is difficult to tell whether a few years have added to the mental and ffirltual staturo of the most likable living ex-President or whether the country is merely growing up to an appreciation of qualities too subtle for Immediate understanding. Certainly Mr. Taft's services at this time are the more potent because they are un selfish. He has accepted a difficult and trying placo on tho Federal labor board whllo congressional negligence seems des tined to defeat his purposes. His discus sions of the war and war questions repre sent tho patient and thoughtful nttitudo of a man who knows that It Is far easier to conceive than to execute great plans. It Is because of all this that Mr. Taft's suggestions here yesterday gain in sig nificance. It Is his belief that an army of r..000,000 will be necessary If wo are not to lose to Germany and that wo must pre pare for at least threo years of tho war, for great losses and great sorrows. These are the convictions of a man not given to snap Judgment. Ic will bo better for the country If it will learn tho weight of Its prosent obligations from men like Taft than by the costly experlenco which In evitably must follow on continued apath'. "Nothing new!" paid the ofllclal com munique at Berlin yesterday. How odd this must havo sounded In the Netherlands! LIBERTY DAY TITTLE by little, day by day, this country i-i Is flndirjg Its soul. There Is nothing stranger or mqre occult than that secret lightning of men's hearts,, that Inward consciousness and resolve, which make a nation one. Born of various and clashing strains, the harbor of refugees from all the older arteries of earth, we have yet braced and buckled our lives to gether In the singleness of a redeeming ideal On this Liberty Day that we celebrate we have less Individual freedom than this land over knew before. Willing;!) and of grave purposo we have laid our lives and fortunes In honorable bondage, to the cud that wo and all other men may enjoy lib erty more plenteous. Today wo J re a na tion of servants, servants to a supremo Ideal. We are no longer free to order our homes, ambitions, amusements as we were I once. We are the bondservants of our own UAfl-AtfLfi TfiA KLoidja .f-Alf fnf mil- taosunAW our brains, our lives themselves, and we obey. Wo aro passing nay, wo hayo passed beyond tho phase In which oyr national heart could bo said out In drums n A ban ners and clanging brass. As John Mase field said In a very noblo nddrcs In New York tho other evening: "Patriotism Is not a singing of praises. It is a very deep thing, n very sad thing, a very stern thitiK." Thero is but little hurrahing In mr hearts when wo seo our men leave. This Is an hour of prayer and solemnity. A strange new spirit Is vlslblo on tho faces of men and women oil our streets today. It Is the soul of Amerlci that ono sees; the emotion, como Intimately homo beneath tho fetch of syllables, that wo uro tangled and webbed together, spirit and sinew, for tho consummation of a drcini. A dream that broken 'lies may be mado whole, that weak and sad lives may bo fortified, that thoso who have given their sweet bodies to tho flamo may forever bo Justified and consecrated In memory. Our Liberty Day Is a day wlun wo plodgo ourselves anew to bondago and slavery honorable bondage and sacred slavery In tho servlco of our task. This Ii no mero ndventuro wo aro embarked upon, no sur plusage of hot animal blood, but the slow and bitter path of a terrible Ideal. AVc have staked all upon It. It Is no bathos to pass from pondcied solemn words to the Instant Issuo that Inspires them. The 1 utwnrd expression of our Inward plcdgo Is tho Third Liberty Loan. Humanity being what it is. It will Inevitably bo oversubscribed. But the honor of every citizen Is at stake. Such little, little sacrifices will do it! Holland may now regret that the didn't let tho Germans staro to death. THE .MARINES IN FRANCE CASUALTY lists Just cabled by General Pershing show that In a recent action ono company of marines lost I6t In killed and Injured from a total forco of 250. Not ono of that company Is reported captured or missing. It Isn't possible to adorn such a record. No comment can make it more eloquent. AVhcn a military organization loses even "o per cent of Its men In action tho com manders no lunger expect to maintain cither morale or leslstancc. The marine held their ground und they were not de moralized. If any new feat of valor in Franco is conceivable, It may bo written down to tho credit of tills small forco of Americans. The Kaiser Is making about as much progress toward lilory by shelling Paris as ho would by shelling an egg. It Is entirely proper. Let It Ito, Let It Got of course, now that Mr. 15 an is to speed up aircraft production, to say that iio will make the dlit fly. Can ir be that the Oh, Co Awaj! ilermans aro trying to conquer Itussl.i for tho beer that is in Siberia? THE ELECTRIC CHAIR "Klglit Brooklynltes named Kaiser jesterday took other names less em barrassing." -Ycio YuJ: Tfnics. What's In a name." Your tonic Is no tonlel.cr If called a soothing syrup, Or uny other thing; And et eight lojal I3rooklynltC3 With Kaiser for a monicker I Iao changed their names to Kcnnctt, To Cujler and to King. Wo Do Not Illume Tliem At All Thoughts for Liberty Day A . S THIS Is the planting season. try Jrx. planting thrift stamps. They go In as quarters and come up as dollars. An aviator who has brought down five opponents Is leckoned an "Ace." And a man who has bought live or more Liberty Bonds might consider himself an Aco Bondholder. II. M. S. Vlndlctivo seems to have gal lantly lived up to her name. "It was a damned fine adventure, carried out with daredovil pluck," says ono of her ofllcers. Let's wind up the Third Liberty Loan In the same spirit. War-saving stamps aro $4.13 until tho end of this month. As tho moon nears the full thero wilt be more Zeppelin raids over London. Another good reason for buying Liberty Bonds. Czernln has got an Iron cross. That much less metal for German ordnance. Buy a Liberty Bond. Signboards We Covet "tf-US is where wo work. N O, WU arc no busy. TELL us all about It, glvo us tho con tact with life that we need and crave. IF YOU talk long enough you may prevent us from doing something rash which wo might regret. ' TTH'EN If wo don't get our work done, -J civilization will continue, and so will you. Phoebo Fallow writes to ask us tho dif ference between strategy and tactics. Strategy Is maneuvering your armies, before battle. In such a way as to impose disadvantageous lighting conditions on your antagonist. Tactics Is tho skillful handling of your troops when they are In actual contact with the enemy. To be concrete: Suppose Dove Dulcet has been spending the evening at tho club and misses the last train out to Obesity. If ho delays his return until the usual time next day, when he can come home armed with flowers and chocolates and carefully matured excuses, that Is strategy. If ho walks all tho way home, arriving at 4 a. m., and then wakes up Mrs. Dulcet to explain that he has spent tho time touring the employment agencies looking for a new cook, that is tactics. Why Is it that so few of the young men In the summer clothing advertisements are wearing khakl7 Don't tho draftsmen know about the draft? The Kaiser's favorite dentist Is oack In this country, but Admiral Keyes seems to have succeeded in finding some cavities in Wilhelm'a molars at Zeebrugge. ' OCRATES. JOHN D. RYAN Master oj Aircraft Construction WHAT tho Government did to speed up shipbuilding when it put Mr. Schwab In chargo lthas now done In tho manu facture of airplanes by making John D. rtyan tho director of production. Tho manufacture of airplanes has been delayed by red tape. Nothing could bo dono until half n dozen different commit tees or bureaus had acted. Each took Its own time. Arrangements had been mndo to cut tho red tapo beforo Sir. ltyan was appointed. Tho new director will put Into effect all tho plans which meet his ap proval and will dovlso others of his own whero needed. Ho Is to build airplanes as rapidly as possible. " wl ho is John D. Ryan? Has ho cer dono anything to Justify the faith that Is now put In htm? An examination of his record will an swer these questions. Mr. Ityan is the son of tho discoverer of what arc now known ns the Copper Itango Mines of tho Lake Superior illstiict. Ho was born at Han cock, Mich., on October 10, 180 1, and H now flfty-threo years old. Whllo he was Htlll a small child ills parents moved to tho Calumet and Hecl.i mine. As ho grew up they wanted him to go to college. Ho preferred earning his living at once. A't the ago of ceventeon ho becamo a clerk In one of tho general merchandise stores op erated by his uncle In the copper region. Until lie was twenty-five ho woikcd twelve hours a day behind the counter, weighing sugar, measuring off calico and selling pins and needles. Then ho decided to go to Denver to better himself. A brother and sister had picccdcd him. For bK months ho looked for a Job to his taste. "And I was not hard to please." ho said once. He finally found cniplovmcnt as a traveling salesman for ono of tho rivals of the Standard Oil Company. He handled lubricating oils. H0 tiavelcd all over tho Itocky Mountain section from Montana to -Mexico. Marcus Daly was one of his cus tomers and ho became well acquainted with this powerful capitalist. R1 YAN" was not glowing rich, but he liked his work better than that which ho left to take It up. When ho was thirty his earnings ran from ?100 to ?150 a month. When he was thirty-two ho mnrrlcd Nettle Gardner, of his native town. Then ho de cided lie did not want to stay on the road. Iio looked about for something that would make It posslblo for him to live at home. It occurred to him that the banking busi ness offered attractions. He had saved a Utile money and had friends willing to lend him more. Marcus Daly had a chain of small banks In Montana and he decided to get an Interest In them. He bought out the minority shareholders and took charge of tho banks with Daly's consent. THIS was tho beginning of his rise to wealth und power. It was in 1SSC that ho took chargo of Daly's banks as part owner. Eight years later, when ho was forty years old, he became managing di rector of the Amalgamated Copper Com pany, Intrusted with the duty of managing all Its properties and all Its employes. Ono of his first tasks was to eliminate F. A. Hclnzc from tho Montana copper Held. After negotiations extending over sW months ho succeeded In buying out Hcinzo and consolidating under one management tho copper mines of the State. Ho demon strated his organizing ability by bringing all theso propeities together in such a way that they could be operated economically and efficiently. It took time and diplo macy, but ho did It and retained the con fidence and respect of the men whom he beat In tho courts when they tried to block his efforts. In 1910 the Amalgamated and Us subsidiary companies were merged with tho Anaconda Copper Mining Company, of which Mr. Ryan is now the president. Mr R. RYAN was not content with devot ing himself to mining alone. Ho saw tho possibilities for the production of cheap electric current by developing tho water power of Montana. Ho wanted tho power, first, to operate 100 miles of railroads used by the mines. II produced tho power so cheaply and applied It so well that tho St. Paul Railroad managers were Impressed with what ho had done. They studied his plant and his motors and then decided to electrify their lines through the Rocky Mountains. They buy their power from him. In addition ho sells power and light to tho greater part of tho State, Ho was charged by a congressional com mittee two years ago with being a monopo list and was summoned to Washington to defend himself. When the committee asked him If his power company did not monopo l.zn the business he replied: Yes; It does 93 percent of tho business In its line In the State. It has a, monopoly not of tho water-power resources of the State, but of tho market, and It-Is a mo nopoly becaupo the service It gives Is so good and the charges are so low that thero Is no possibility of competition from any other water-power company or from any other source." He proved to them that under his man agement tho peoplo of the State had been, niado to see the advantages of cheap elec tric power and that tho consumption of electric energy was greater per capita in Montana than in any other State. WHEN the Government wanted to buy copper for military purposes early in 1917 Mr. Ryan was tho first man It ap proached. Ho agreed to supply copper at about half of tho current market price, and he had the power to make his word good. Mr. Ryan Is one of the directors of tho American International Corporation, or ganized to extend American commerce abroad. He Is an ofllcer of several banks and railroads and has a fortuno reckoned In eight figures. Ho has the reputation of being one of the most capable organizers and administrators in big business in America. His record seems to Justify this teputatlon. His success In bringing conflicting Inter ests together In Montana suggests that he will also be able to allay vvhatever friction there has been among the men trying to plan and build airplanes for the Govern ment. Ho Is accustomed to dealing with big enterprises and to handling them In a big way. Without doubt ho will bend all his energies to getting the airplanes ready for shipment to France with all necessary speed. If he falls down on the job It will NOW FOR AN ALTITUDE RECORD; IT'S -gb -.'--k-r... -va .. ,. .--ft?:- ' ! V k, - NATURE'S AIRPLANES AND SUBMARINES By Walter Prichard Eaton I.V TIIH land where T live, the little tcelion of meadows, brooks, small ponds, woods and mountainside, wo havo all varieties of Huns, Jutt as cruel, Just as relentle, Just as crafty ami. ono must admit, brave Wo have submarines, bombing airplanes. Uhlans. After nil, the bet man can do Is but to copy Nature. The mice In my meadow, the ducks in my neighbor's pond, the groue and pheas ant In the woods, the rabbits and even the skunks live under (or over) tho constant menace of cruel and crafty foes. CONSIDER tho ducks. My neighbor's pond was made artificially by damming a moun tain brook Just where it flowed out over the plain. After tho pond fllleil my neighbor stocked It with thousands of three-Inch trout. The water was clear and cold ; It all camo In from above, whero no fish had ever been seen except trout. The dam was ovr sK feet high, with 11 straight fall. Apparently here was a little pond where tiout would find a paradise. For the net two or three vears they did. Never wns better UMiIng outside a hatchery. Then the plekeiel came, and the slaughter began. How did the pick era I get there? Nobody knows, but they did, and hi a few jears they wero caught to the size of sW pounds while the trout bad almost, disappeared. The lake was drained, and In the process twelve cartloads of sue'ers were taken out. along with almost ns many pickerel. Only the trout wero put back. But In another jear tho pickerel were onco more on tho Job. AFTER that, my neighbor gave up ills . dream of trout, nnd presently ho pro cured a fine flock of ducks to swim on tho pond. It was then that the mihinnrlno men ace became apparent. The ducks began to disappear "spurlos gesunkt " Investigation was made and it was found that In a way as mvsterlous as tho growth of the picket el menace the pond had become full of huge snapping turtles. These cieatures would swim under a duck, wait till It dived, grab It by the throat and hold it under till it was dead. All efforts. to eliminate tho tuitles failed, nnd mv neighbor flnallv gave up Keeping ducks. Yet his llttlo lake, full of spring water, under the forest wall of the mountain. Is a Jewel .of crystal peacefulness. Nature never looked kindlier than here. TODAY I sat on one of my old rail fence! down by tho lower field and watched a marsh hawk following Its patrol over tho meadows. Tho mnrzh hawk (a smallish hawk which may bo distinguished by tho white patch on Its upper tall feathers) Is less like an airplane In flight than tho big red tailed hawk which Foars In grent circles on lazy, motionless wings. The marsh hawk files more like a pigeon. But the citizens of London have less to fear from the put-put-put of the motors overhead than the meandering meadow mouse has to fear from tho hawk's sudden shadow over him. The bird I watched flew about fifteen feet above tho ground, slowly, his head and eyes down. Suddenly he almost stopped, hovered, ioso six feet or more and then dropped like a stone to the earth. Ho camo up almost instantly and there was something In his talons, probably a mouse. He immtdiately flew off towaid the trees by the brook and consumed It. FZW people are aware, I fancy, how many birds of prey there are In our eastern States. Even tho bald eagle Is still here and nests In certain reg.on. such ns tho Appa lachians, Catskllls and White Mountains. A bald eagle, was shot In Massachusetts last Decelpbcr as ho wai eating a, pig he had killed. Tho worst bird of prey we have, however. Is the goshawk, a large blue-gray hawk, which nests in the far north, but de scends upon New England and New Vnrk In the winter, and this past season even went as far south as Pennsylvania. He kllla for the pure lust of killing. He Is the most Prussian of birds. Last winter I knew of onj which carried oft a large Plymouth Rock rooster before the firmer could get a shot at him. of another which killed seventeen pigeons before he was driven off, of two others which wero seen In tho fields killing pheasants. The duck hawk breeds with us also. He breeds on rock cliffs, from the southern high lands north. Ho pounces down upon his prey while It Is on the wine and will eat or feed to Its young anything from a full-grown mal lard duck to a chickadee or a. roldftoeh. The duck hawk Is to all Intent mk purposes the 1 , peregrine falcon of Europe, the bird that was usodfor bunting purposes In tho old days of 'chivalry." If jou want to sco what falconry was like watc. a duck hawk seize and tear a pretty meadow lark. aLL OVER the East wo havo the big red Tl tailed and smaller red-shouldered hawks, miscalled hen hawks. They aro the two hawks which soar In big c.reles high aloft and In reality they llvo chiefly on mice, frogs and grasshoppers. 'Vo havcHhe Cooper and sharp shinned hawks, which do kill chickens, and tho pretty llttlo sparrow hawk, a true falcon, which la on the whole beneficent. Get one In a city and ho will take a great toll of Eng lish sparrows. In the country ha seems, to prefer mice. THE hawks raid by day. But nature has her night air raldeis, too, They are tho ov R The owl has a great reputation for wisdom, I'm sum I don't Know- why. Ho Is, on the whole, unlnteicstlng nnd cruel. Tho rrow should have the reputation, as he is the smartest dumb creature that files, or, In deed, that walks or swims, unless It be tho beaver. Owls are actually rather common still through all tho countrjslde, although most of us never sen one. The llttlo screech owl. with h's mournful whistle. Is beneficent, nnd so Is the larger parrot owl, with bis eight hoots. Both live chiefly on mice and other small fry which we can well spare. But tho great horned owl (the "six hooter," as tho Adirondack guides call him) Is by night almdst ns bad as a Cooper or goshawk by day. He can and does kill and carry off hens. He kills song birds, grouse, pheasants, rabbits, skunks and the like. Flitting dimly through tho woods, a potent of evil, with lln night-piercing ejes, ho falls llko a thundei bolt on unsuspecting victims, to tear nnd cairy them off with a strength you would not give him credit for. AMONG tho infantry enemies of our wild life the foxes aro tho most abundant and the most destructive. Hardy, crafty, tireless hunters, they aro increasing rather than diminishing in number, nnd between them nnd tho human hunters tho day of our game birds Is almost oer, unless drastic protection Is afforded them. But In Massa chusetts aro wildcats, too. Ten havo been killed this winter In one township and prob ably close to fifty In one county. Some of them were trapped or shot within half a mllo of the motor highway leading from New York through tho Berkshtrcs to Man chester, Vt , and the White Mountains. They, too, are a relentless foe of tho small game nnd game birds. What with hawks and owls above, turtles beneath, foxes, mink, weasels, wildcat, dogs and men with shotguns ali about, the ducks, grouse, rabbits and pheas ants have a hard time of It. I don't have to go lcjond tho fences of my own farm nnd wood lot to sco tho cruelties of nature. What Do You Know t? QUIZ 1, Wlirrv nnd what In (Mend? 3, Who wrrti (be Uamrirt? 3, Who ha Id, "I have nut H Iwmiin la fUht"? 4, Name the author of "Trlllnt the Hera," ff. What U meant by I.lojd'a? 0, What la rnriklilrn-d the corner-alone of Anclo. haon llhertlfk? ! 7 Who drew "Mnrrlnce a la Mode"? 8. Who nun Ileaitmur? 0. What U the lecend nf the man la (lie moon" 10, Identify On en Meredith. Answers to Yesterday's Quiz 1. Madame Kerainlert 1'renrh lieuutr. 117T.1aii noted for tier tlon und her ".vitinolrea ' 2. "I luue had wraith, rank and powrri but.' If these were all I had. how wretched I would tSrt Au-'eVir &.nhVd.ord' " -!! 3. "A Fable or rritlca" aa written l,y .Tamca Ituncll Ixmcll. American Poet und critic. 4. The Antronoiner Poet nf IVr.lai Omar Khar. jam. uulbor of the Jtulmljnt. " 5. The Knu la the wired book of the Mohara- (1. Zecbruaaet iwrt on the 'lltlclun cnakt. ued by the (.ermaiu ua a I -bout bns ,V. cent blocked br llrlUihTsreraf": " 7. James Otlcluorpe uui the rolonlter of Ocor- 8. The I-rotnUed Tjindi Canaan, the roal of the JelaU wanderiuca In the wIlderncM. P V,i?ter,l!illMlr,0DiCaP'U U Uermn Ul LIBERT Y DAY! THE AMERICAN'S CREED Draiat From Our Political Classics K T THE request of a number of our readers wo aro glad to reprint the American's Creed, written by William Tyler Page, to which was recently awarded tho prize of $1000 offered by the city of Ealthnoro for the best expression of Amer ican political faith. Tho Creed was printed In tho Evenino Public LEDocit on April 10: THE AMERICAN'S CREED I believe In tho Enlted States of Amer ica ns a government of the people, by the people, for the people ; whose Just powen aio derived from the consent of the gov erned ; a democracy In a republic ; a sov ereign nation of many sovereign States; a perfect union, ono and Inseparable, estab. .llshed upon those principles of freedom, equality. Justice and humanity for which American patriots sacrificed their lives and fortunes. I thcreforo believe It Is my duty to ray country to love It ; to support Its Consti tution: to obey Its laws; to respect Its flag, and to defend it against all enemies. Tho Creed Is based upon the classic pro nouncements of American political and patriotic doctrine, ns may be seen by the following: KEY TO THE AMERICAN'S CREED Hist. "I believe In the United States of America " Seo Preamble to the Constitution of the United States. Second. "As a government of the people, by tho people, for the people." Preamble to tho Constitution ; Daniel Webster's speech In tho Senate, January 26, 1S30; Abraham Lincoln's speech at Gettysburg, 1S63. Third. "Whoso Just powers are derived from the consent of the governed." Declara tion of Independence. Fourth. "A democracy In a republic." Madison In the Federalist. No. 10; Article 10, Amendments to the Constitution Fifth. "A sovereign nation of many sov ereign States." Great Seal of the United States ; Article 4, Constitution of tho United States. Sixth. "A perfect union." Constitution of the United States. Seventh. "One and Inseparable " Webster s speech In the Senate, January 26, 1830. Eighth. "Established upon thoso princi ples of freedom, cqunllty, Justice nnd hu manity." Declaration of Independence Ninth. "For which American patriots. Lincoln's Gettysburg speech. Tenth. "Sacrificed their lives and for tunes." Declaration of Independence. Eleventh. "I therefore believe It Is my duty to my country to love It " Edward Everett Hale's "The Man Without a Country. Twelfth. "To support Its Constitution. Oath of Allegiance. Section 1757, Revised Statutes of the United States. Thirteenth. "To obey Its laws." Washing ton'n farewell address; Aitlcle C, Constitu tion of United Stntes. Fourteenth. "To respect Its flag." Army nnd Navy Regulations; War Department Circular on Flag Etiquette, April H. 131"! National Anthem, tho "Star Spangled Ban- Ilcr-" . . Fifteenth. "And to defend It against a enemies." Oath of Allegiance. Official apologists for It lati't Spoken New York now say their city Isn't bad, What is the more eloquent word? Tho man who rewrote tho blblcal love stories in baseball lang In co-operation wttn the Rev. Billy Sunday is now suing the evan gelist for J 100,000. But the damage to tne original text totaled about four billion doi tars. Count von Hertllng Is ulnc a Berlin newspaper for libel. If people could bee ueo for thinking, there wouldn't be enough money In the world to pay the damages that " helm would ask from some of his subjects. To the Vdit" of the Evening Putllo Ledger, Sir lluy a Bond for U. fi. A. U will help to win the fray. Y do you hesitate and fall? America bleeds and her ships can't sail Boys In khaki, boys In blue, on to victory, sent by you. m. , il. ., .&.. All ,n Invest t now is im muu iw "'.V. 'i Do your share and they'll stand the. tew, ". . .a I. II li. a J be- for the first time. Lancaster, ra., Apr-1 so. f ,- fGi S f -r - r dL ( ' 0
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