b&i Vt-r J -I v V "" v- r esc . & P? 3- ; . if w a v .-Ai re' i . tr1 v.. ? l.- l K t h i 1 1 ! I I i &. rv i -X- ttfID tttmitflgffi2gcDagr I , I h PUBLIC LEDGER COMPANY !iy ' CTHUS II. K. CUHTIS, riiur.s.NT SMB. Martin, Herniary and Treaaureri Philip B. S.K!Rni.John P. Williams, John J. Bpuraeon, ypjm It. Whaler. Dlrcctora. t EDITORIAL BOARD t 4 Crscs It. X. Ccim, Chairman. T. H. WHALET Editor :tJi JOHN C. MAIITIN .G-ineral nustness Manarer .X. Publlnhed dally at rcBf.ro I.tnorn Tlulldlnr, jV,'" Independence square. Philadelphia. HfJTLASTro On Vrja-liiloii Building Mir ion auu Metropolitan Tower .. . . ... ini Lhb.i ....it....... 1 It. Iocia ions Ku'llerton ltull.tlnic rr . r MC,' - NISWH IIUHEAUBI .' WliniNOTON IICtUD. n. k. Lor. l-enneyivama Ave. and lllh St. IW YfluK KeaKin Tho Aun Ilullitlnr .ovDo.-e HcarAC... .....Mancml House, rurnn.1 till UtntiU 32 .luo I.ouls le OranJ SUBSCRIPTION TERMS The Etevivo f.v.rnrii la nerved to auharrlher In Philadelphia and aurroundlnc towns at the rata of twelve (IS) centa per week, payable .to tha carrier. tly mall to point outalde of Philadelphia. In tha United States. Canada or United Matea poa saaalons, poatar free, fifty (SOI tent per month. Six (le) dollars per ear, paablo In advance. To all forrlm countries one (11) dollar per month. NoTica Subacrlbere wlahlnr address chanted must clva old as well as new address. BELL, J00O WALNUT KEYSTONE, MAIN 3000 aaddrraa off rommunlration In Vvtntno Ledger, Independence Square. Vhlladelvhia. Sitibid at Tits rnrt.ATririiti rfnTornc Al SCCO.MCLA9 Ui.IL MATTKII Philadelphia. Thutidi;, Noirtber IS, 1917 THE DEAD LEADER "VNK of tho most popular men In 1 II - (lelphla died when .Tnmes r. McNIchol breathed his last. Ills popularity was arned by tho qualities ho displayed v bis fellows. Ho was human. Intensely human. He did not sit In JuJcment over hlu fellow men and decline to have any thing to do with tho.o who did not measure up to an arbitrary standard. We were all men and brothers to hltn. This la only another way of saylntr that he was essentially democratic. Theteln Imy tho secret of his political success. Ho was a man of great nbllltles. Ho started as a contractor In a humble way and built up one of tho largest businesses fat thlH part of the country. Ho was the successful bidder on many largo pieces of work in other cities than Philadelphia. His capacity for affairs was recognized and envied by many lesser men. There le no disposition anywhere to begrudge him credit for his business success. His political methods have been co I Oemncd and ho has been denounced fo' combining business with politics. While he was allvo and active this newspaper did not hesitate to call attention to the vlls Inherent In the system of which he was a part and a product. The system Is vicious. Mr. McNIchol might have ought to chango It. He chose, rather. to accept it. Revolutions are rare. He was not a revolutionist. Involution Is the order of nature. It sloughs off tho Old as fast as It becomes useless. An a matter of fact, evolution is nt work in tho politics of this city. Mr. McNiclio! was a machine politician, using methods which must be frowned upon by all who work for the elliclent and eco nomical conduct of public affairs. But he and his methods were, perhaps, a shade better than thoso of Isrncl Dur ham, No politician would daro today. If he were so disposed, to colonize the doubtful districts In tho way that was common twenty years ago. Public senti ment would not permit It. This means that the standard of political morals has been raised and that political leaders, who necessarily lcpresent tho people, havo been affected by the change. The political leaders of tho next twenty years will not daro use the methods which McNIchol adopted, for the reason that the mass of tho people are demanding better things from their public servants. Tho situation Is encouraging, but It would be much more hopeful If the re formers were as human as the dead leader. Abstractions appeal only to the "highbrows" In their libraries. Theories of government arc Important, but a mere thinking machine evolving theories Is Impotent when brought Into competition with a human being gifted with tho heart of friendliness and endowed with sym pathy for the suffering. Tho successful political leaders in every largo city aro men who, like McNIchol, get into close touch with the people and convince them that they are men of liko passions with the rest of them. In brief, they are not men too far ahead of their times. It la Important that this fact bo recognized. Taking account of It, however, does not absolve the leaders of public sentiment Tfrom their obligation tq demand better wings ana to point tno way. It docs, 5f however, mitigate Bomewhat the severity j-Vw''1 tho criticism which Is heaped unon Individual leaders In tho existing t'jf , ,rd,?r' for ,l spreads that criticism over ,..v ... ...., liuuj ui me electorate. The fp-' . ""u, "-r Ul '-"I'aoeipnra is responsible W.r lor me macnine oi wnich McNIchol wan , Y the leader, and It must bear tho blame Ufi'T whatever that organization was per- HHwea to uo. u tne citizens had de fcsaanded better things he would have flonded. He was merely the creature- his times. He attained his leaderHhir, through the operation of the law of nr. I'y1 ot th0 ""est. In the sense that the. -inteai means me man with tho necessary j,-alHlltlea to command. &V!J ;" ucceMor will be developed in the ito. ' i-aaaaa mv and ha will turn i.i.. . IBiuiiE.TI .no ua.UK upon BB&t-'lM McNlchil methods as soon n h '' demands it Thla is the way of 7W:r0y and lt " " way of progress. fcO RAILROAD STRIKE! Prldent'8 warning that ho win lBjVnusua! measures to operate the ftmjwcito grows out of the M r wmcaaV V ty- oughly justified. American 1'cdcratlon of labor loaders have called upon nil strikers to return to war work, nnd It would bo a well-nigh Incrcdlblo pleco of treachery If tho transportation workers resorted to strlko methods boforo seeking mediation at this critical time. There would bo sympathy for such a strlko In various sections. It would be tho sympathy of Germans. There might even bo success for such ft strike. It would bo a success which would set back tho caliso of labor for years to come. FRANCBDEMANDS CANDOR CAUINITT crises in Prance arc not uhnt they aro In other countries. In Hng land they aro tho result of political changes In national thought; In franco they are almost always a mere pi occss of ndmlnlstrntlvo readjustment. For exam ple, such a detail of .administration as tho Ooethals-Denman dispute would have been n parliamentary "affaire In Paris and the fall of Premier and Cabinet would havo been inevitable. Hut thcro would have been no moro chango of sentiment or of political alignment In Prance as a result of tho Incident than there was hero. A Kiench Cabinet Is appointed to ac complish n certain dellntto program, and when that Is achieved it new Cabinet Is sought for tho next series of necessary mcasuies. Naturally tho changes ure moro frequent In war than In peace, as war demands a constant t adjustment of policy. So far from Indicating apathy toward the war, tho present house clean ing In tho Kronen Parliament shows that the nation is keenly allvo to the needs of tho new situation. Tho spcclllo charge ug.ilnst I'jlnlco was lack of can dor ilmut curient "scandals" It Is a healthy sign that candor of the kind Lloyd tjcorgo has Just given such a lino oxamplo of is dusPctl us much in l-'tancc as elsewhere. PROFITEERING IN HERE POTATOES "GWH HLWDHKl) carloads of potatoes - held on railroad sidings in this city aro doing two things detrimental to the pub lic welfare and nru violating two princi ples of tho food administration. Profiteer ing greed In this matter, which takes on all the aspect of conspiracy in restraint of proper food disttlbutlon, Is keeping up the high prices of potatoes and Is adding to the freight-car shortage. On both these counts tho unconscionable practice should be stopped, no matter whose excess war profits ate sent a-gllmmeiing. Tons of food ready for consumption should reach tho table without further delay. Hundreds of cars lying Idlo should bo freed for tho pressing needs of further service. The admirable Ideal of tho food board is to keep nil food commodities moving in as direct a lino and with ai little delay as practicable to the con sumer. Potatoes, tho most Important winter cgetable, hoarded In freight cars for a carefully forced rising market and freight cars congested on railroad sidings ntguo that commerclnl!m Is overriding pa triotism and oven wartime common sense In some quarters. Coal, sugar and flour have had perforco to yield to Hoover. Po tatoes must succumb, and will do so now that tho food commission has taken active note of the situation here and elsewhere. THE DRAFT OF 1918 Till: draft of IMS Is certain. It will bo conducted on a different and better plan than that used in the first draft. Mistakes and confusions were to bo ex pected In the draft of 1917, which endeav ored to put Into effect a new and dltll cult proposition which was constantly evolving simultaneously with Its opera tion. Errors of judgment and methods were gradually eliminated as tho draft developed to Its conclusion, nnd now through tho rectifying force of experi ence a smooth and practicable system has been perfected, according to infor mation from tho Provost Marshal Gen eral's office. Ellgiblcs for selective service, between the ages of twenty-ono and thirty-one, who were exempted by local or district boards from the first call t cantonments gain no advantage from pievlous honor ing of their claims, the same authority announces. Unmarried men naturally form tho class subject to first summons. With them aro grouped married men without domestic responsibilities. Mar ried men with family ties aro well down tho list. Skilled workers on war opera tions will bo called if at all among the last. The diaft of 1918 will bo for military purposes. There will be no conscription ot labor for munitions, shipbuilding or similar work. Tho entlio diaft ot more than 0,000,000 men subject to service, re malnlng after the subtraction ot tho Kirst National Army of 687,000, will bo sched uled under the reorganized system, which will be freo from tedious, time-consuming and needless detail. Krom tho compre hensive classification ot registrants tho enrollment of new armies can be cfll clently and expeditiously made as needed. "Made In Germany" has lost its punch Just the Bamo as liquor has In the United States. The railroad brotherhoods had bet ter play fair In the game with Uncle Sam. Two strikes are regarded as serious and three strikes mean ' jut " War "wuxtrees" from Stockholm: "Kerensky Defeated"; "Kcrensky Vic torious"; "Kerensky Arrested"; "Keren sky Enters Petrograd In Triumph." What for the next edition? Thero Is supposed to be a shortage ot food In Philadelphia; but, as wo all know, there' will be amplo for the 20,000 men who are coming within a few days to work at the Hog Island ship yards. It is odd how such big demands can be bo quickly met. Despite the alleged shortage of cars, food will follow the trail of tho dollar. Finland, determined through tho generations .In its roco "consciousness and persUtent in the preservation of its lan guage, has catapulted, itself Into the ranks of the email nations by the simple process of proclaiming separate entity from Rus sia. And the sagacious Finns havo taken a leaf out of the book of American Middle West statesmanship by electing a board of dlreotors Uooatrol their new national What the y. m. c. a. IS'DOING IN FRANCE Eyewitness Describes Scope and Value of Organized Work for American Soldiers By MAUDE RADFORD WARREN T WAS walking up a gray London street Just oft Tottenham Court Iload; gray buildings, gray sky, hut on tho pavement n stream of glorious dusky-gold tho uni form of men In khaki. A group of them stopped suddenly In front of a tall building on which was the sign of tho red triangle. They pulled off their caps, swung tlicm In a wldo clrclo and shouted: "Good old Y. M. ! Good old T. M. t" Their joung faces, a moment before masked with that stole sitrfaco born of trench life, now spoko eloquently their ap preciation, their gratitude. Tliey gave that gray V. M. V A. building the look, a man Bles his home. "Well, It is the nearest thing to homo we lmo out there," ono bid replied when I said something of tho sort to hint. "These blessed little huts follow our wnr lines herecr they go. They como up undr-r shell fire Just as closo ns tho War Ulllco will let thou I can never forget tho first tlmo I got Into support trenches. It was pretty hard to sit thero under lire tho first time, and when uur.scvcnty-tuo hours were oer I staggered out of tho communi cation trench half stupdlcd. Tho first thing I saw In a meadow Just up by tho road was a Voting Men's Christian Association Held kitchen, all ic.idy with lint coifee " The soldier's ryes filmed over In misty rcmlnlsiunrc, nml I guessed they must havo known re.il tears when lie s.iw tlio V. M. (' A woikir quietly dipping up hot coffeo and handing out harrdnii lies. That peaceful normal occupation mustMuve hilped lirklgo for him the chasm ltucen tlio abnormal! ties of war and tho normalities, of civilian life. "Comforts of Home" "Vc", ma'am," lie continued, "good old V M. Is about the last thing wn sio going Into tho trenches and the llr.t thing we sec coming out. Where can a fellow be sure of hot food? The Y. M. Where can hu tee a cinema to take his riilrid off tho trenches? lots of the Y. M. huts have them. Where tan he bear a little music? Good old V. SI has phonographs, lirggest disappoint ment some of uh had once, was lomlng buck to a hut neat- billets to find that a shell had gone bang through tire phonograph. Does a fellow want a uultt bout? llu yets It In the Y. SI. Does he want some one to talk to? V SI provides. "I u.-rd to kind of shrink from a Y. SI. C A. mart befote the war, I mian. I bad a silly idea they'd want to talk to me about going to church, and ask II I drank and smolcejl and swore and if my feet otherwise took bold on hell. Hut they never talk reli gion to jolt unless vou start It first. What they do for jii Is give you friendship and comfort Thfse Y. SI. C. A workers that go to France stem to be choen with a view to their Influence over the boys Well, they have It all right They seem to know just what to say and do for us. 1'vo known a lotqile of fellows that turned religious Jim htc.tusn of the goodness of these Y St. C. A. people." Slany times 1 have seen English and colonial boys pouring Into Y. SI. l A huts In different places In England and France. They are sure of shelter, good food and recreation. In the dining rooms of the English huts EnglMt women wall rm them for the sake of their own boys; give them help and companionship; try to withhold them from the temptations of the street, lit France there Is equal zeal. Oneo I was In a certain seaport. An English transport had vafely crossed the channel nnd escaped from submarines but not from rough water. The soldiers were disembarking joung. un seasoned troops fresh from their training In England, nnd now going to a base camp in France. Some of them were ,i lltllo rule from seasickness; all looked tired Tho glamour of a foreign land had not begun to Inspire them, and soma of them. I am afraid, were suffering from a touch of home sickness Then they saw a Y. SI. ". A hut. Some ot them cheered and charged nnd went In boldly; others went in timidly. Onco Inside, they were all at home. On the walls, Indeed, were French posters Instead ot English, but the good old red triangle was tho same. Thero wero the tables for chess and checkers; there wero the English magazines; there, above all, wero tho paper and Ink. In a moment every available desk and table space was occupied by soldiers writing home. It war, a very moving sight. Aid Our Own Boys Now It Is our own hoys who are over there and who will need tho kind of com fort that only tho Y. SI. C A organizations can give. Letters and boxes from homo are not enough, vital as they arc; the ordinary voluntary canteens are not enough. Thero Is no slnglu organization that gives such a variety of necsnry help ns tho Y. SI. C. A. It not only gives shelter and to tho boys who have known the shelter the word "hut" will always have a Messed connotation It not only gives food and recreation, but It gives what every woman wlllwant her son, husband or sweetheart to have and what every father will want his boy to have a certain Intangible feel of home. They will be cold. thoo young men you love; tho Y. SI. C. A. will warm them and feed them. They will perhaps bo depressed ; tho Y SI. r. A. will cheer them. Think of the Y. M C. A. ns serving for you, ns giving these boys of yours all you would give them with your own hands. It cannot bo done without money And those who are not making emotional sacrifices by sending men to tho front ought to give the more because they are spared this sad cot. Won't you give al! you can everybody? Think of our boys laboring up out of the trenches after three hard days during which they could not have hot food, dared not even smoke for fear of drawing the en emy's lire; Could only sit still under bom bardment! Do you want them to bo met tit tho end of the communication trench with a Y. SI. C -A. field kitchen? They will, If you give epough If you dotr't, they will march several miles to billets, wet, dispirited, beforo they can havo anything hot. Won't you give glvo even till It hurts? Glvo tho money that will carry a little bit of home to tho men who havo taken upon their young shoulders the hard est part. of this war. WAR NEWS AT THE FRONT "Trench gossip is a fearsome and un canny thing," says Ian Hay (Major Beltli) In "All In It," the continuation of "The First Hundred Thousand." "It usually begins life at the 'refilling point' where tho A. S. C. tnotorlorrles dump down next day's rations and tho regimental transport pIcTts It up. "An A. S. C. sergeant mentions casually to a regimental quartermaster that ho has heard it said at the supply depot that heavy firing has been going on In the Channel. The quartermaster on returning to the transport lines observes to his quartermas ter sergeant that the German fleet has come out at last. The quartermaster ser geant, when ho meets the ration parties be hind the lines that night, announces to a platoon sergeant that we have won a great naval victory. The platoon sergeant, who Is sufTerlnc from trench feet and Is a con stant reader of a certain pessimistic half penny journal, replies gloomily: " 'Weil have heavy losses ourselves, too, I dootl' ThlB observation Is overheard by various members of the ration .party, ay 'midnight several hundred yards of tho firing lino know for a fact that thero has been a naval disaster of the first magni tude off tho coust of a place which every one calls Oally Polly and that the whole of our division Is to be trtnuferred forthwith to the Near East to stem the tide of calamity.) . 'Still, vre musv oave soracuusc 10 east Tom Daly's Column itCAIlONI BALLADB XC1I joy i:j:.v da xosii Mv upae cct ecs a verra j tinny thing t Vet always please me beat to'en corn's da sprccng. tor dot's a time most evra breeze dat blows Ecs brccng some Mnda flower to my nose. Bo, even ccn da etely, cvrathecnp Dat grows ccs pretla smellln' cen da, sprccng. Some smells cen summer, too, I like, but not So vwocha like da sprccng; dey aro too hot, An' some o' dem you vieet upon da street Dcy aic too ripe for w'at you calla "sweet"; Hut stccll ccn summer ucn ccs com' da rose Vet vuika moocha pleasure ccn my nose. Ken fall itfcn corn's da frost upon brcac I smell da Icavci dat die upon da trees An' flowers dat arc ccn dclr graves; an' gat Xo pleasure ccn my nose at all from dat. Hut stccll ice have da fruit, an' brat of all I like da smell of apples ccn da fall. Dcrc cci no sweet perfume ccn snow an' lec An' so to me da wcentcr crs not nice; But stccll da smell of peanuts to'en dcy roast r.cs warm an' siccfit ccn wcentcr-tlmc. Jlitl tiwit I like dcrs pipe tobac' beneath my nose Dat keep da damma theeng from gattln' frvze. IK YOU had to composo nn original cako or invent a biscuit how would you go about It'.' Tho ntrswer seems to bo: First get a Job at sweeping tho floors of n bakery, and then keep ottr eyes nnd your mind operr. That's what William Kogcra did, nt any rate, and whllo thero may bo In this town men who can write better son nets or pick out moro nnd better tunes, on tho piano, thero Isn't one who has built moro kinds of cako or edited more batches of biscuit than ho has. HIS studio? It moves about with him. Once, sitting upon the front platform of nn open trolley car, one of his most ropu lar hits camo to him, nnd he went back to tho bakery nnd had his men work It out. 'Ofcourse, ho has to depend upon tho memliers of his staff, for ho puts forth each day whole editions of cakes, but his men merely do what ho tells them. Some times, It's true, they don't; but does Sir. William Rogers thereupon get mad and proceed to chnrliechaplln tho dough all around tho place? Not to any extent, dear reader, and we'll tell you why: Onco a baker. In fear and trembling, camo to lrlm nnd admitted that ho had made a typographical error in a batch of dough; put too much of tho wrong word in It or something like that. "Walt a minute," said W, Rogers, "and let's sec what we've got." Analysis of the cake proved It to bo better than tho regular stuff. So they pulled It apart and dis covered what was wrong and thereafter mado all tho cakes wrong tho same way. Another time but this wasn't ono of his men a baker hud twenty barrels of flour mado up Into dough when tho engine that ran his cutting machlno broke down. It was out of commission twenty-four hours, and by all the rules of tho trade that dough was fit for tho garbage can and no more. Hut tho baker went ahead and baked some of It. Ho got the richest cakes ho had ever turned out. Twenty four hours' aging of tho dough had done It. A prolltablo mistake! DO YOU think you could compose a sponge cake guaranteed to keep soft and fresh for at least n week and bake it In a paper cup till tho top crust Is a rich btown without so much as scorching tho paper cup? Of coin so you couldn't. That's only possible to nn artist like William Rogers. Ho turns out 4000 dozen of them a day. And If this were an ad vertising column, Instead of ono of pure reading matter, we'd tell you where he does It. CHRISTOPHER'S typewriter's covered with dust since his musket was molded with his hpnds and ho marched off to Camp Mcado last week. But this writ ten, perhaps, with tho point of a bayonet camo In yesterday's mall: I.1XE8 WJHTTDX IX DL'JDCTIOX Vl'OX SUDIKO A 1'OltTItAlT OF a. K. CIIDSTD11TOX ltDSDil- ilhlXO 11'. It. YEATS . Upon what "tneaf" ?io this our Gilbert I'cd, that he has grown so lean? Ah, can U be th' ascctlo filbert 7as olv'n his fowl that hollow mtcnf Oh, Gilbert, why not up end chewing The humid haunch, tho steaming chopt Those noxious nuts have been th' tindolng Of modern yrandson and grandpop. Forswearing chops, deserting haunches, The former steal-hounds tur.i to grits. And dircly desiccate their paunches, And tear their tempers into bits. What oddsT But You, who i-reached the flagon, Who sang the splendors of the roast, That YOU should climb the water-wagon, And float your. ir,lnd In lacteal toastl Get hencel Oct hencel With Wegg and Venus, Oo hide your tannin-tippUng shame; Ao longer Is there aught between us. Except your stories' phosphor-flamc. In days to come your Flytng Inn can Xo longer Irrigate THIS maw I Gilbert, fo you we've tied the tin-can Wo once attached to Bernard Shawl PRIVATE OllItlSTOPJtER. Camp Meade, Md. of the Eniineera. HARRY C. LUCAS, who is some con siderable part of tho Philadelphia Elec tric Company, happened upon ono of his clerks buying an alarm clock in a storo on Market street the other day. "Fifty cents 1" said he; "is that all you're paying for tnat7" "Yes, sir," said he clerk. "Why," said II. C. L, (Hooverlsh Inlflals thoss!) "that clock won't work." "WajU." said the,clerk, "I'm buying it tor ay. own ......auM - . u I vrtf-'u-ji.."'! f'lPri 'ii i'i V iilajw it 'ili Wan 'BtSECL'-SaBvW riP V.'Wlv'rX. VA-riHSLi3IWTiSir?'iS- WVW II -'.! ummmmm : mgmmmmtwzm fc-i-.-'-r-.l.dH ;ir""-r3r5L.rflfVf'-.V'-.-T.':-rJ' rvi-.Lf'i;i:r.---Viaifer: r XvSrs-:" ifiaagyiaBMfefe T7"j.' rV -;. --:r FIRE AT CLINTON TEACHES LESSON Building Regulations Should Be Revised Comment on Current Topics To the lUHlor of thr Evening Ledger: Sir It usually takes a spectacular event such as the lire' In the Clinton apartment houso Friday evening to draw public atten tion to an ev II tendency. In Philadelphia thero Is a tendency to follow tho bad example of New York and tho cities of continental Europo In building mul tiple buildings. And this tendency Is mani fest at a tlmo svhen Xcvv York and tho European cities, having had full experience with multiple dwellings, aro seeking, through the zoning and other regulations, to check their Increase. Admittedly thero Is a demand for a number of multiple dwell ings, even In n city of homes, to ishelter those who have no Intention of staying hero permanently childless couples or families whoso real homo Is elsewhere and who uso a city apartment only for tho winter months while their children are away at school. But even for them there should be nt least light and air and protection against Are. Our present standards do not assure these. Wo aro accustomed to think of upper Manhattan and Its lower East Side as solid masst-s of high barrack tenement and apart ment houses. Yet New York requires moro spaco about Its multiple dwellings, larger yards nnd courts, than does Philadelphia. Our salvation so far has been that wo havo only a few scattered apartment houses, each overlooking slngle-fnmlly dwellings, from whoso lots they borrow light and nlr. Yet New York was so dissatisfied with Its stand ards that It has adopted, with the approval of tho realty Interests, a zoning ordinance, that Imposes much higher standards In areas not yet overcrowded, In order to pre vent an extension of present conditions. By tho tlmo New York began effective regulation of Its multiple dwellings Its streets were lined with six-story nonflrc proof structures. Theso It had to accept as Its starting point. But tt did tho best It could by 'requiring that tenement or npart- ment hnilHoa einenrltnr Mfv nlnrlAa re,,., t. of fireproof construction. .Chicago, grap pling with tho problem earlier In Its devel opment, set three stories as tho nonllre proof limit. Other cities, like Sllnncapolls, aro following Chicago's example. Philadel phia would do Itself a scrvlco by adopting the same standard. Incidentally, we should consider cost of maintenance. I will mention only one Item As all who have studied housing know- a change from single-family houses to mul tiple dwellings makes nccessory a great In crease of Inspection by tho city authorities There are to many moro things that must bo required for multiple dwellings, such as fire-escapes. And each must bo Inspected frequently to mako sure it Is In proper con dition. Tho door at tho foot of tho flrei escape on tho Clinton should not have been locked. Whether It was or not, bucIi doors are very likely to be lockl unless Inspected If for no other reason than that the tenants fear marauders. And Inspection must be paid for. JOHN IIILDKn Secretary Philadelphia Housing Association Philadelphia. November U. t,a"on- THE FREEING OP LABOR -To the Sdlior of the Evening Ledger . Sir Among tho many good things spoken by the President In his appeal to labor the moat significant are the following- "it wo are truo friends of freedom we will see that tho power of this country and tho producing activity of the country shall bo raised to the highest degree, and nobody should be allowed to stand In its way Our duty, If we aro to do this great thlnir and believe that America la .the hone of the world, Is that we muat stand together night and day. But while we are fighting for freedom, we must see that labor la freo and that means a number of things. Wo must Bee that the .conditions of labor are rendered not "more onerous durlnj- the war, but see that the Instrument through which labor conditions aro Improved must not be Let us hops that the President had the single tax in mind when he spoke of "the produdnr activity of the country" and where he says "we must see that labor U tree" and that "the Instrument through which lsbor conditions are Improved muat not be checks." It m Bas saia uw" i"i", nowevar, for mm m ..- 'ma:?- "LAST CHANCE, HOME FOLKS!" tVv i tmMSSfk Iff1 Win -"sjJJ3tfliarWf. MIJ.- ii HJ, .!UL.JV9SrA.m.m. I" " M i'VC-ITSv V ' msrpmsxiii . M$maawtom!s, WV,(S ilT-lilT"1 y' gard for tho underlying conditions with which labor is held In slavery therr the President and tho representatives of labor who applauded his words will bo doomed to disappointment. Whllo the natural element of land Is mado subject to prlvato ownership, while tho choice portions of "God's gift to the children of men" are allowed to remain tho strikes for which speculators and gamblers play, labor will not be free. Private ownership ot land Is tho stone wall against which tho producing nctlvlty of this country will struggle in vain, and among tho many listeners to tho Presi dent's speech, who know that this is so, might bo mentioned tho namo of Samuel Gompers, president of the A. K. of L. Why does he remain silent? oliver Mcknight. Philadelphia. November 14. FOOD VALUE OF CANDIES To the Editor of the Evening Ledger: Kir Sluch ha3 been printed regarding the great quantities of sugar used In tho making of confectionery. Llttlo or no con sideration has been given tho actual return In terms of calorie food value. In tho caso of chocolate goods, moro nutriment Is to be derived from a pound of chocolate than from a like amount of al most any xther food. In accordanco with tho regulation of the Federal food author ities, manufacturers aro using only 50 per cent of tho usual amount of sugar, and In many cases considerably less. It must be borne In mind that to a great extent the manufacturing confectioners havo been a great encouragement to sugar growers and producers during tho last ten or twenty years. When It Is considered that but one pound of sugar is used in tho manufacture of four pounds ot nourishing food chocolate, some Idea of the Importance of a sufficient sugar supply la obtained. If sugar Is withdrawn In too great quan tities, it will bo Impossible to utilize the vast crops of cocoa beans, almonds nnd other nuts, so plentiful at the present time. This would represent a loss of nutritious foods, difficult to offset by any substitute. WILLIAM H. LUDKN. Reading. Pa., November 14. WORK OF THE Y. M. C. A. Our men face fearful dangers In France, long before they get Into tho trenches. t "Tho Battle of Paris" has put many a b'oldlcr out of action and maimed and polluted him for life. This Is no Idle rumor. Major Finney, the famous llaltlmore doctor, who Is working night and day In Franco to combat Immorality and unclcanllness among our troops, says: "Wo aro fighting for the future generations of America, For God's sake for your own take como across and help us." "Como down and save my men before It's too late," Is the message that has gone to our Y. M. C. A. headquarters In Paris from officer after officer In command of American troops In France. Our men are not vicious. But they are red-blooded men, face to face with the fiercest temptations and all homo responsi bility relaxed. It Is up to us to seo that they have plenty of amusement for their Idle hours. When tho fearful tension ot the trenches Is over they must have whole bomo relaxations athletics, music, theat rical shows, books, writing paper, Indoor games and homo food and sweets. The, American Y. M. C. A. Is operating two hotels In Paris, ono In tho French Alps for Americans on leave, and restaurants and Bleeping quarters In every center through which our troops pass. Already It has 250 buildings up or In course of erection In France. At. tho port where manv of n,- men debark It Is running a big cafe, where the soldiers and sailors can get homo-food at a minimum price. Mrs. Vincent ABtor is In charge ot this. One of the first men Bho waited on there had formerly been a steward on her own yacht. Tho Y. M. O. A. Is working for the greater efficiency of our soldiers. It Is a plain business proposition, Tho Government Is spending W.OOO.OOO a day on the material factors In warfare. The Y. M. C. A aska for S5.000.000 to supply the Eplritual fac! tors during the next seven months-the morale, high -spirits, laughter and touch with home that strengthen a victorious army. 'JAPAN'S UNLUCKY NUMBERS Our unlucky number is 1J. jn JaDan they have two unlucky numbers42 snd 49 Nobody wants either of these numbers for ft telephone call, simply because the former is pronounced "shlnl." which means no die." and tho Utter Is pronounced "shlku whloh means "death." Th ii.M,i.Jl "."" phone number Jn the estimation of the Ja W JiKfrayMavm 4. .Iht. whle!,9 SSJl mfflmsssr ? ' fT.;4iisiirS'':'ii X " ;"! I-"" afce 9 tJi ?-VtVi-Iif -- aV J - 1 7 .it i.itTAr' v a a. -1 . l&xJ ,v " m- & What Do You Know? QUIZ 1. VVlio la Knjmond l'osdlck? 2. What are Jaloualri.? 8. Villi dermal! uintiesit nml properties In thai . country lie, ronliaruted under tha allea enemy act? j s. niiiii is inmiKnr,' 8. Who wrote "The American llaj"? 6. Niiinei tlio "(ireat Cham of Literature." 7. Vtlhit Is the alcnlfltiitlon ot "U" In U-baalt 8, Hon- In the farmer National (iuard c!Ta i , 9. Wlnit la ii aenlce flar? 0. Mho Id M, PnlnleveT Answers to Yesterday's Quiz , 1. Violet Oakley la n celebrated American art- 1st una mural imlnter. l'erhnna her mot! important work In the panel frennlnt In the r-eiint rhumlier nt llurrlnburr. 2. "Attic suit" U n tlturutlve evprenlon far nrllcntrly aeuMineit wit. 3. Wllll.im (1. Sham la the American Ambin Htitlor to Frnnce. 4. Th .Vlurahalaeii vina a debtors' prlaen la , j.uuutin. ji ncurea in iiicaena'a "uiua Dorrit." C. A nhacocyte or leucocyte Is a whit car. nuncio movlnir freely In the Wood. Hi function la to deatroy morbid er (till mlcroliea. C. John Olltnrr Aitnma. Tlinnr RAtav)t nml IVooifrow Wllon were nil men al lei. k irnt ueiore meir ucceaion to Ine ires ricucy. 7. I. con Trotaky la one of the leadera of til nuantan reiierrron. lie 1 .Minuter al rar- Ion. In la Mini. Iff al rar- fl present ae facta '.-m rlen A Cabinet. len AITtilrs 8. Dr. Oliver lVenilell Holme", wrote th natal "fcNIe Vernier." D. The Vnrdar Hirer l n ati-stec le atream la fM the Macedonian theatre of war. ym 10. Soinuel tlompera for many yeara baa beel .3 1irrincni or llie .imerrcan leuerauiaa ai .nlior. mirr r.n A XTTfrc-ct nr rXTXTE-rTTrMtT5 V Xlj UIAllllJO jr VjVSiMI&tJliVUl t.v.1 THE United States Geological Survey, 1 4; partment of the Interior, has published jt a valuable report on "The Granites of Con; ncctlcut," The magnitude of tho gfanlU J, Industry of New England lends sptcru ra q terest and Importance to this publication. New England granite In the form of lUhi'y; ... ........ ........ I..I.IM. on4 KntMlnVft la '." HI, lUUIIUIIICIIkn, uitubca ihiu mm,. - ,. , found In almost every part of the United .States and oven In foreign countries. In -i nearly all the eaBtern States, as well al ; cities U3 distant from New England Vlcksburg, Spokane arrd San Francises, In rA Montreal and In Cuba, theso granites may i Iia B0ai In Rtntnpq nt- In ncrmanent atrUO " tureB- .a. Though the granites are by no means tae oldest rocks, they furnish by far tho hart est nnd most durable construction ItOM. though they differ greatly In hardness , among themselves. Somo granites crao j ' under a pressuro of 15,000 pounds to us . square Inch : others withstand pressures eij ceedlng 40,000 pounds. The granites art m '. Plutonic origin, resulting from tho coolltl , of molten rock matter tho magma w was forced upward from the.earth's Interior. Beforo Its Intrusion this magma existed h , a fused mass heavily charged with fs !l and therefore under Immense pressure, wj j Joctod upward by this prossure throuirti .m , , among tho older rocks, It was changed frets . a fused liquid mass to a plastic paste, fltiaw ? solidifying and combining at some P " "j with tho older rocks and at theso placJ ft. forming granitic rocks such as the gneissea These profound disturbances In esw geologic time produced over much of ' 1 England deposits of granlto and Wf,Vi rocK that Is BUItaDle ror econuww ----. ranging from statue making to road Bttua Ing. Tho rocks are of many wto's-Ms,, white, red. purple, pink and yellow. TW ....-- .'... ...itAln T Vefann Dale aad ? Herbert E. Gregory, believe that when iiMM jj granites wero rormea imbw t"" . ,,i tho ' mountainous region uw mwu "'"; J 2i? !M!h": 'na". HIS 'SSf.S' 0CkrWl which the granites were Intruded I has i stow .hr.ntVe 'la nmv exoosed at many plcM- Tho presence of lhl great cover w-s prevented tne rapia coouna m "' ;" -Mid inemoii... ..... " "T-.V,, w(1ul4 ha,cede.rqulck.y that The slow -yM ,v..f,ni.atinn hv when srranlt Is wrm m would have been arrested by the iU" ,J ..V.. th. malarial into the solid stti J 'S change that form, a dense , la., sftjiw J to that in the obsidian cliffs in II0J2 M Park. Instead, the molten masses, force m ...'. ...i V ,.,. nraaaura airalnst a esjT.'Jsl f enormous w ighOooled , arsohd. tied wowiy enousii m wii ,", at I crystallUatlon of the liquid or plastic i nt A !?' "2Win.!i'h!.1m.0,,CU WVc vaUUinifiJ Jn which, as the microscope shows. J tnejr near in granite, une neai i - mass must have been very gresi, melts ats tswpsrature of '-' mSEiSmWtx' r' i : ' ,JSrt W "" ftJSteamfflbMi&5Mw ( i aH fm 7 W ., jMjl&m
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