' fe :cw; w EVENING' LEP&ER-BHILVlDELPHIA, FRIDAY, OCTOBER 12, 1917 Pictorial Setfkm 1 GERMANY HE NEXT OF-D4JR m 7 "No matter who the American is who admired Germany, or who respected Germany, or who sympathized with Germany as she was before the beginning of the war, no American can now support this Germany which I have just described against his country." (By CAM, W.ACKZRMAN ' "-' ?&s. Copyrlstit. 1917. George II. Dofan Compaur. .?& Inuring AH the Time That Germany Was Com- piaillUiy jyvuui. tut, -a t.uwui.f ,b Ml uiv VIIUVU States and the Results of the Allied Blockade, the Kaiser's Government Was Doing Every thing to Prevent an Amicable Adjustment Being Reached Between the Two Nations. .n . American Women, Especially Wives of United Stales consular vj menus uvuving uermany, Were Subjected to the Most Vicious Treat ' ment by the German Border Guards Many of the Victims Did Not Fully Recover From the Shock of the Ordeal for Months w HILE Germany was arguing that the United States was respon sible for her desperate situation economically, and while President VYilton was being blamed for not breaking the Allied blockade, the German Foreign Office was doing everything Within its power 'to prevent German goods from being shipped to the United States. When, through the efforts of Ambnssndor Gerard, numerous ttomDts were made to get German goods, including medicines and dyestuffs, to the United States, the German' Government replied that these could not leave the country unless an equal amount of oods were sent to Germany. Then when the State Department arranged for an equal amount of American goods to be shipped in exchange the German Foreign Office said all these goods would have to be shipped to and from German ports. When tho State Department listened to this demand and American steamers wore started on their way to Hamburg and Bremen the German Navy was so busy sowing mines off these harbors to keep the English fleet away that they failed to notify tho American skippers where the open channels were. As n result so many American ships were sunk trying to bring goods into German harbors that It became unprofitable for American shippers to try to accommodate Germany. Germany Interprets U. S. History About this time also tho German Government began its policy of discouraging American business in Germany. Ambassador Gerard had had a long wrangle with the Chancellor over a bill which was introduced in the Reichstag shortly after the beginning of the war to purchase all foreign oil properties "within tho Ger man Customs Union." The bill was examined by Mr. Gerard, who for a number of years was a Supreme Court Judge of New , York. He discovered that the object of the bill was to put the Standard Oil Company out of business by purchasing all of this company's property except that located in Hamburg. This was the joker. Hamburg was not in the German Customs Union, and the bill provided for the confiscation of all property not in this union. Mr. Gerard called upon the Chancellor and told him that the United States Government could not permit such a bill to be passed without a vigorous protest. The Chancellor asked Mr. Gerard whether President Wilson and Secretary of State Bryan would ever protect such a corporation as the Standard Oil Com pany was supposed to bo. Mr. Gerard replied that the very fact that these two officials were known .in the public mind as having no connection with this corporation would give them an impor tunity of defending its interests the same as the Government would defend the interests of any other American. The Chancellor seemed snrprised at this statement and Mr. Gerard continued about as follows: "You know that Germany has already been ' discriminating sjainst the Standard Oil Company. You know that the Prussian State railways charge this American corporation twice as much ON THE Kaiser's birthday services were held in all Protestant churches in Germany. The clergy was mobilized to encour age tho people. On Jnnuary 29 I sent the following dispatch after attending the impressive services in the Berlin Cathedral: "Where one year ago Dr. Dryander, the quiet, white-haired man who is court preacher, pleaded for an hour for peace in the services marking the Kaiser's birthday, this year his sermon, was a fiery defense of Gcrmnny's cause and n militant plea for Germany to steel herself for the decisive battle every ono believes is coming. "In this chnnged spirit he reflected the sentiment of the Gormnn people. His sermon of Saturday has evoked the deepest npprovnl everywhere. " 'We know,' he said, 'that before us is the decisive battlo which can be fought through only with the greatest sacrifices. But in all cases of the past God has helped us, and God'will fight for us today, through our leaders and our soldiers. Wo neither willed nor wanted this war neither the Kaiser nor "the people. We hoped for peace as the Kaiser extended his peace proposal, but with unheard-of frivolity and insults our enemies slnppcd the back of the Kaiser's extended hand of peace. " 'To such enemies there is only one voice that of the cannon. We continue the wnr with a clear conscience and with trust in God that He will bring us victory. God cannot He will not permit the German people to go down.' " "Barthmann, an American business man residing in Berlin, was told that he would have to feign a sworn statement before his passport would bo returned. This statement said that neither he nnr the American firms he represented had sold or would sell shoes to the Allies." v to ship oil from Hamburg to Bremen as they charge the German oil interests to ship Rumanian oil from the Austrian border to Berlin. Now don't you think that's enough?" The interview ended here and the bill was never brought up in IhcRcichstag. But this policy of the Government of intimidating and intrigu ing again the American interests was continued until diplomatic relations were broken. In December, 1910, Adolph Barthmann. an American citizen, who owned the largest shoe store in Berlin, desired to close his place of business nnd go to the United States. It was impossible for him to get American shoes because of the Allied blockade and he hud decided to discontinue business until peace was made. Throughout the war it has been necessary for all Americans, as well as all other neutrals, to obtain permission from the police before they could leave. Barthmann went to police headquarters and asked for authority to go to the United States. He was informed that his, passport would have to be examined by the Gen eral Staff and that he could call for it within eight days. At the appointed day Barthmann appeared at police headquarters, whcie he was informed by the police captain that upinSmlers lOf the General Staff he would have to sign a paper arid, swear to the statement that neither he nor tho American firms! he represented had sold, or would sell, shoes to the Allies. Bnrthmamu'iv&s told ) that this statement would have to be sworn to by another Amer ican resident of Berlin, and that unless this was done he would not be permitted to return to Germany after the war. Mr. Barth mann had to sign the document under protest before his American passport was returned. The facts in this, as in the many other instances which I have narrated, arc in the possession of the State Department at Washington. Practicing "Frightfulncss" Upon Americans When the German Government began to fear that the United States might some day join the Allies if the submarine campaign was renewed, it campaigned by threatening the United Stales with u Ilussian-Japanesc-German alliance after the war against England and the United States. These threats were not disguised. Ambas sador Gerard was informed, indirectly and unofficially, of course, by German financiers and members of the Reichstag that Germany "would be forced" to' make such an alliance if the United States ever joined the Allies. As was shown later by the instructions of Secretary of State Zimmermann to the German Minister in Mexico City, Germany has not only not given up that idea, but Germany now looks forward to Mexico as the fourth member of the league. As Germany became more nnd more suspicious of Americans in Germany who were not openly pro-German, she made them suffer when they crossed the German frontier to go to neutral countries. The German military authorities at border towns such as Warnemuendc and Benthcim took a dislike to American women who were going to Holland or Denmark, and especially to the wives of United States consular officials. One time when I was going from Berlin to Copenhagen I learned from the husband of one of the women examined at the border what the authorities had done to her. I saw her before and after the ordeal, and when I heard of what an atrocious examination they had made I understood why she was in bed ten days afterward and under the constant care of plijsiciuns. Knowing what German military officers and Ger man women detectives had done in some of the invaded coun tri"s, one docs not need to know the details of these insults. It is sufficient to state that nftcr the wives of several Amei ican officials and other prominent American residents of Berlin had been treated in this manner the State Department wrote a vigorous and defiant note to Germany stating that unless the practice was immediately discontinued the United States would give up the oversight of all German interests in Allied countries. The ultimatum had the desired effect. The German Government replied that while the order of the Gen eral Staff could not be changed, it would be waived in practice. Xo matter who the American is who admired Germany, of who respected Germany, or who sympathized with Germany as she was before or at the beginning of the war, no American can sup port this Germany which I have just described against his own country. The Germany of 1913, which was admired and respected by the scientific, educational and business world; the Germany of 111 III, which had no poor, which took better care of its workmen than any nation in the world: the nation which was considered in the advance of all countries in dealing with economic and industrial problems, no longer exists. The Germany which produced Bach, Rcethotcn, Schiller, Goethe and other great musicians and poets has disappeared. The musicians of today write hate songs. The poets of today pen hate erses. The scientists of today plan diabolical instruments of death. The educators teach suspicion of and disregard for everything which is not German. Business men have sided with the Government in a ruthless submarine war fare in order to destroy property throughout the world, so that every nation will hae to begin at the bottom with Germany when the war is ocr. The Germany of 1911 and 1915, which arose like one man to defend the nation, is not the Germany which today is down on the whole world and which believes that its organized might can defend it against every and all nations. The Germany I saw in 19 IS, composed of sympathetic, calm, charitable, patient people, Is today a Germany made up of nervous impatient, deceptive and suspicious people. (CuXTJNlKD TUMOIIKOW) NEWS TOLD IN PICTURES FROM THE 808V R FRONT AND OTHER CENTERS OF ACTIVITY : v . .( a- k " ... -- aaw . is si A .. i r y T liie . wi.s r i Tm v . fc- w ..u. " . s. OHLW. JKT. " FIIENCH TROOPERS CONSTRUCT A "NEST" ON THE WEST FRONT rickets of this design create an almost Impassable barrier against "boche" counter-attacks alone newly captured! lines n the Flanders sector, now the center of Field Marshal Halg's latest drive, in conjunc tion with his French allies. rhuto by International film Senile A SUSPECTED Fit UNCI I LEGISLATOR Deputy Tunnel, who Is under suspicion of dealing with enemy sub jects. The Minister of Justice has made demand that he be prosecuted. PliotngrMpli li I ntlenool & Underwood i stiiian .irt.Mi: Am: proving no match Kent Italian klykrs Tim. "Iliiiiil Italian plioloKraph, showing an Austrian nlrplnm- brought down by an adversary In the lliver Vlppacio, on the I'ami front, furnlones mi Instance of Hie progress) mado In ueilal warfare by King Vlcloi's forced since entering the war. K Transfer SHtfTTECOCJv OB" THIS rOMC'B BUIEAU to coinmahA of three districts, within unq day puts,. WWtl W- Hmlley In possession Qf I rwwJ " - what nlue. " ' ' '"$, Copyrlshi lndroot I nilerwQoJ British OHlrisi Vhoroe pli BIUtlBU CWUi Ml N1TION WOUKEJt$ EXTEND HEARTV WELCOME TO AMKIUOANB TUW trtfeWqa of pretty lrl formed a. picturesque part of the celebrntloir of AtigltKAmtrlcan Pay at niackpocl. rUiiiaiw, Sir V l .t i Uh.o British AUwney Qenewf, a tU Mayor of Blackpool len had har In Ue wwram, and precession .ivWfth KWtfcd ths rr , -v ' visiunr; ' mbw.'1 r topyrlrht, H4rrt k En Ins. COMMA OKU OF THn MOTOUTnt'CK BAUUrjlB' ' 111'flrnHli.p f"liMrul V1u,ln.. WHAkirv!alfif0 lilu tivuw4fiLlfcjftHili ,ii.tit'W m r" W2EiCf JLJftSiLIH cmj .' uiiiij ts-qftsi" itt hAV ' o t i-
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers