11 -i-j ft: ! "i if EVENING LEDGEE-PHILVDBLPHIA, (TUESDAY, OCTOBER 2,; 1917 ERMANY &fE NEXT REPUBLC &y carl w.Xckerman German nation . . . . ., , .j A..inn- iii vonr so solidified the Germ ?otLyjT 53C -rf PS Idcnt Wilson. It proved toHhe German peopfe' ine Aiiica i,ura w """"""-v--. defensive war, because the Allies demanded that their Government was waging a aci cnsivc. w , lanc in thc m annexation, compensation and guarantees, all of which meant a cliangc in tnc map of Europe." Copyright. 11T. George H. Doran Company. AW Allies Re f wed to Discuss Possible faiM of Peace With the Germans in Answer r9i the Teuton Offer and thc Note of President Hlson They Played Into the Junkers' Hands, Who Have Tried to Impress Upon the People That This War Is a Battle for National Life twevert Herman IJinlomacu in Dealinn With Neutrals Fell Far Short of the Astuteness Displayed at Home, and Von Jagow, Rather Than Sign the Inflammatory and Inane Notes Written by the Foreign Office, Had the Cour age to Resign His Post of Secretary of State TJIROM all appearances in Berlin, it was evident to every neutral 4", diplomat -wth whom I talked that while Germany was proclaiming 'fcthe whole world her desire for peace she had in mind only ' ihe most drastic peace terms as far as Belgium, ccrtnin sections if northern France, Poland nnd the Balkans were concerned. Keutrals observed that Germany was so exalted over thc Rumanian .tjfcCbry an.d thc possibilities of that campaign solving the food problem that she was not only ready to defy the Allies but tho ifelltral world unless tho world was ready to bow to a German victory. There vere some peoplo in Germany who realized that the sooner she made peace the better peace terms she could get, but tho Government was not of this opinion. Thc Allies, as was expected, defiantly refused thc Prussian olive branch which had been extended, like everything else from Germany, with a string tied, to it. For the purposes of the Kaiser and his Government the Allies' reply was exactly what they wanted. Tho German Government was in this position: If the Allies Accepted Germany's proposal it would enable the Government to unite alt factions in Germany by making a peace which would satisfy the political parties as well as the people. If thc Allies refused, the German Government calculated that thc refusal would b so bitter that it would unite the German people political organ izations arid enable thc Government to continue thc war in any way it saw fit. The Allied Statesmen Blunder Nothing which had happened during the year so solidified thc German nation as the Allies' replies to Berlin and to President Wilson. It proved to the German people that their Government was waging a defensive war, because thc Allies demanded annexa tion, compensation and guarantees, alhof which meant a change in the map of Europe from what it was at thc beginning of the war. 'The interests which had been demanding a submarine warfare saw tfielr opportunity had come. They knew that as a result of thc Allies' notes the public would sanction an unrestricted sea warfare against the whole world, if that was necessary. From December 12 until after Christmas discussions of peace filled thc German newspapers. By January 1 all possibilities of peace had disappeared. The Government and thc public realized that tho war would go on nnd that preparations would have to .be, made at once for the biggest" campaign in the history of tho world: in 1017, , Throughout the peace discussions one thing was evident to alL Americans. Opposition to American intervention in any peace discussion was so great that the United States would not be able to take any leading' part without being faced by the animosity of "Af itila Imnnuct Gerard made statement, 'As long as such men as Generals von Hindcnburg and Luden dorff led thc armies, as long as Ad mirals von Capclle, von Holtzendorff and von Mueller headed the Navy Department, and Chancellor von Bethmann-Hollwcg directed the po litical affairs, there would be no trouble with the United States. 8v .w 1WJ !ftVi.JroB Bill I .'. Js HHNbISiIEBOi HUH BMZ&?y &4W IBS SliHOSlftlSflffilll ' mmtmmmmmmms. ' mmmavL Bam m WBri W NnmBIm'''i nS US M SmW &h Tlie Gerard banquet, however, came too late. The die was cast. But thc world was not to learn of it for some weeks. a great section of Germany. When it was stated in thc press that Joseph C. Grew, the American Charge d'Affuires, had received tho German note and transmitted it to his Government, public indigna tion was so great that thc Government had to inform all of the German newspapers to explain that Germany had not asked thc United States to make peace; that Germany had, in fact, not asked any neutrals to make peace, but had only handed these neutrals thc German note in order to get it officially before the Allies. At this time the defiant attitude of the whole nation was well expressed in an editorial in the Morgen Post saying: "If Germany's hand is refused her fist will soon be felt with increased force." As early as September, 191G, Ambassador Gerard reported to the State Department that the forces demanding an unrestricted submarine campaign were gaining such strength' in Germany that ,the Government would not be able to maintain its position very long. Gerard saw that not only the political difficulties, but the scarcity of food and the anti-American campaign of hate were making such headway that unless peace were made there would be nothing to prevent a rupture with the United States. The latter part of December, when Gerard returned from the United States after conferences with President Wilson, he began to study the submarine situation. He saw that only the most desperate resistance on the part of thc Chancellor would be able to stem thc tide of hate and keep America out of the war. On January 7 the American Chamber of Commerce and Trade in Berlin gave u dinner to Ambassador Gerard and invited the Chancellor, Doctor Helffcrich, Doctor Solf, Min ister' of Foreign Affairs Zimmcrmann, prominent German bankerai and business men, leading editors and nil others vh,o a few month before during the Sussex crisis had combined in maintaining! friendly relations. At this banquet Gerard mado the. statement, "As long as such men as Generals von Hindcnburg and Ludendrffj led tho armies, as long as Admirals von Capclle, von Holtzendorff' and von Mueller headed the Navy Department and the Chancellor! von Bethmann-Hollwcg dirocted the political affairs there would Ut no trouble with thc United States." Gerard was severely criticized! abroad not only for this statement, but for a further remark "that the relations between Germany and tho uniteu oiates Had never! been better than they were today." Gerard saw before ho ha been in Berlin n week that Germany was desperate, that condiJ tions were getting worse and that with no possibilities of peace! Ormnnv would probably renew the Von iirpira suomarino war- fnro. Ho chose desnernte means himself at this banquet to appeal! to the democratic forces in Germany to side with the Chancellor! when the question of a ruthless submarine warfare again came upri Germany Had Made Its Plans ' The German Government, however, naa piannea us mov! months in advance. Just as every great offensive on tho battle. fields is planned, even to the finest details, six months before opera- g tions begin, so arc the big move3 on the political r.nessboartl.' of j Europe. i There are very few men in pflblic life in Germany who have TO MY AKMY AND MY NAVY! . I ONCE more a war year lies behind us, replete wUh hard fight ing and sacrifices, rich in successes and victories. Our enemies' hopes for the year 1910 have been blasted, All their assaults in the East and West were broken to pieces through your bravery and devotion 1 The latest triumphal march through Rumania has, by God'a decree, again pinned imperishable laurels to your standards.. The greatest naval battle of this war, thc Skager Rak vic tory, and the bold exploits of the U-boats have assured to my navy glory anu acimirauon ior an time, You are victorious on all theatres of no nflnntl With unshaken trust and proud confidence 'the gratcfulf Fatherland regard you. The incomparable warlike spirit dwelling in your ranks, your tenacious, untiring will to victory, .your love for the Fatherjand arc guaranties to mo that victory will remain with our colors in the t'.v year ais war, ashore as "wejt God will be with us further! Main Headquarters, December 31, 1916. lso. WILHELM. A the 'courage of their convictions to resign if their policies aro over .... -w ., r. . . oxi- r .1 . i. ruled, von jagow, wno was secretary oi state irom tno Begin- ning of the war until December, 191C, was one of these "fefc1 Because Von Jagow had to sign all of thc foolish, explanatory ifcfc: excusing notes which iiiu uerniuu uuveriuncni seni. to inc uni;e4 States he was considered abroad as being weak and incapable! llut wnen ne reauzeu uany in iiuveiiiuur mat mc uovernment. wai determined to renew the submarine warfare unless peace was rrtadi Von Jagow was the only man in German public life who Would not remain an official of the Government and bring about a brpakl with .America. Zimmermann, however, was a different type.. of official. Zimmcrmann, like the Chancellor, is ambitious, bigotew COlU-uiuuuiu uuu ti(i milium ui mu iixrst vuiiuer. is long as BA was Under Secretary of State he fought Von Jagow and trW repeatedly to oust him. So it was not surprising to AmqricBf when they heard that Zimmcrmann had succeeded Von Jagow. "? ,. r, 1 i . I . . . ..' A ino uerara Banquet, nowever, came too late. The die yiu cast. But the world was not to learn of it for some weeks (CONTINUED TOMOnUOW) V h A.,3 r-TIGURES IN FIFTH WARD CASE SNAPPED DURING SENSATIONAL HEARING IN THE MUNICIPAL C.OURff DISTRICT ATTORNEY SAMUEL P. ROTAN Bilfll'lMfi B jCT- fWff.JuMaSi HI faMIBaBaPalCBP) ggglra&lijsisl HI WZmfflmmmMS$ B frKmmlKnr WmSSBmRnnWKVrTwmM iyfu,-i --TBHWir f i -. iZ ' &MB!M8ttS3SP$ fflaml H IISwPBHbbIK lis I -j WSKKmBmmmml Cp BBraBBHKBnMaH W'' -- - IQBHhsPShBW BBSBBhBBBBhhhBH : - IeRHhW v 9HRK9BUHHHHHk HHHEBjclviBnUKW M HHI Mt.. 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Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers