ftiij &&;. $ f I 1 t i3V 48 .WiP$f fa Section nil ii nini imiM'Hi m a i, EVENING LEDe-PUUyLDELPHrA, MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 24, 1917 GERMANY fjfflvc? (&y CjQfiZL w.aqkermaM opyrleht, 1017, Ofore II. Doran Company. Inside Germany There Is a Powerful Force Con stantly Striving to Overthrow Hohenzollern i8m and to Free Germany and the World of the Scourge of Prussian JunkerdoniThis Force Is the Minority Socialist Party Even the Ruling Military Caste Admitted to Itself ' That the Liebknecht-IIaase-Ledebour Wing of the Socialist Division Represented the Real Public OpinionTherefore, Inspired Jour nals Emphasized "Freedom of the Seas" and "Pan-Germanism" The Socialist Party Finds Itself EWOM April to December, 191G, was also the period of " pamphleteering. Every one Who could wiite a pamphlet or could publish one did so. The censorship had prohibited so many people and so many organizations from expressing their views publicly that they chose this method of circulating their ideas privately. The pamphlets could be printtd secretly and distributed through the mails so ns to avoid both the censors and the Government. So every one in Germany began to leceive documents and pamphlets about nil the ails and complaints within Germany. About the only people who did not do this were the Socialists. Tho "Alt Dcutsch Verband," which was an organization of the great indus trial leaders of Germany, had been bitterly attacked by the Berlin Tageblatt, but when the directois wanted to publish their reply tho censors, prohibited it. So the Alt-Deutsch Verband issued a .pamphlet and sent it broadcast throughout Germany. In the mean time, the Chancellor and tho Government realized that unless some thing was done to combat these seciet forces, which were under mining the Government's influence, there would be an eruption in Germany which might produce serious results. Throughout this time the Socialist party was having troubles of its own. Liebknecht was in prison, but there was a little group of radicals who had not forgotten it. They wanted the Socialist party as a whole to do something to free Liebknecht. The party had been split before the advance of last summer, so efforts were yteade to unite the two factions. At a well-attended conference in the Reichstag building they agreed to forget old differences and join forces in support of the Government until winter, when it was hoped peace could be made. . , The Socialist party at various times during the war has had a difficult time in agreeing on Government measures. While the Socialists voted unanimously for war credits at the beginning, a year afterward many of them had changed their minds and had begun to wonder whether, after all, they had not made a mis take. This was the Lssuc which brought about the first split in the Socialists' ranks. When it came time in 1915 to vote further credits to the Government the Socialists held a caucus. After three days of bitter wrangling the ranks split. One group, headed by Scheidcmann, decided to support the Government, and another group, with Ilerr Wolfgang as the leader, decided to vote against the war loans. Schcidemann, who is the most capable and most powerful Socialist in Germany, carried with him the majority of tho dele gates and was supported by the greater part of public opinion. Heine, however, had the support of men like Doctor Haase and Eduard Bernstein, who had considerable influence with the public, but who were not organizers or men capable of aggressive action, like Scheidcmann. As far ns affecting the Government's plans were concerned, the Socialist split did not amount to much. In Germany there is such widespread fear of tho Government and the police that even the most radical Socialists hesitate to oppose tho Govern ment In war time Germany is under complete control of the military authorities, and even the Reichstag, which is supposed to be a legislative body, is in reality during war times only a closed corporation which does the bidding of the Government. The attitude of the Reichstag on any question is not deter- 'MBnHBMHB W"KMB IP t --w mH 4 HBBa 1BBMsrMM'"BHBwiaftTJ warns tomUbiW IBB 1 &WBBBBBhK ,1 BrBBBBwBBhIB IBttJi fHHBBBBBHf IBBBsnlBBBBBHilitfB iLBBBv BBBBBBBBBBBBW' f i r "Whiin iun Qnnioiiafo vnfnil unnriimniiRlv ftir war credits' at the botrinninir. . aftenvard many of them had changed their minds and had liegun to wortdj whether, after all, they had not made a mistake. This was the issue which brouefcf uuoui inu iirsi simi in mu ouuiunaio iia. . so-called Socialist Labor party, which is mado up of SodiV C railicnls who want peace and who havo reached the point v I they can no longer support tho Government. " Ono night at tho invention of an editor of ono of bttv.4; ing newspapers, who is n Socialist rndicnl, I attended n ' "One night at the invitation of an editor 'of one of Berlin's leading news papers, who is a Socialist radical, I attended a secret session of the So cialist Labor party. These Socialists did not have much faith in tho Kaiser's peace promises and jokingly asked a business man present if the Kaiser did not decorate him as a result of the audience." mined at the party caucuses nor during sessions. Important decisions arc always arrived at at Great ITcadquartcrs between the Chancellor and the military leaders. Then tho Chancellor returns to Berlin, summons the party leaders to his palace, explains what the Government desires, and, without asking tho leaders for (heir support, tells them THAT is. what VON 1IINDENBU11G expects. They know there is no choico left to them. Scheidcmann always attends theso conferences as tho Socialist representative because the Chancellor has never recognized tho leading newspapers, who is n bocialist rndicnl, I attended a s session of tho Socialist Labor party. At this meeting there ' present inrco memuers ui mo ncicnsiag, xne president of on Germany's leading business organizations, Jjvvo newspaper ed t ono labor ngitator.wno nau uccn traveling to industrial center ?' ,..uu....v w.v . ,... y,.y . "uunuation of .L.'l war and a rather well-Know n bocialist writer, who had been insniri somo anti-Government pamphlets which vvcro printed in SwiUerSi and sent by mail to Germanny. Ono of the business mm .. had had an nudienco of tho Kaiser, and ho reported what A. -I monarch told him about the possibilities of peace. Tho report rather encouraging to tho bocialists, because the Kaisor ..mi- would mako peace ns soon ns there was an opportunity. Butth '1 Socialists did not havo much faith in tho Kaiser's nromfr.. ,A jokingly asked the business man if tho Kaiser did not deco fill Jlllll UO 4.OUlb V- V UUUtVlUUl Combating Liberal Public Opinion Tho ical object of this meeting was to discuss meanj rf unjuimiui i.. "" ....... i".iu ...in mu muviicun organiatim entitled tho League to Enforco Peace. An American businP ... ! who was a charter member of the American organization T ' there to explain the purposes of tiio league. Tho meeting decid i '' ujiuu uju jiuunv.ui.iuii in .n uiuiijr uuiinuii jiuwsjiapers as possit of explanatory articles. The newspaper editor present promised ( J prepare mem nnu urgeu tneir puuncation.in various journals, TV. first article appealed in Die Welt am Montag, one of the vtefo. newspapers of Berlin. It was copied by n number of progress! newspapers throughout tho empire, but when the attention of flu, military and naval authorities was called to this nronnirnnn. .. "' i , i .1 .. : . o a oiaer was issucii proniouing nny newspaper irom making anyrtfsr. enco to the League to Enforco Peace. Tho anti-American cditonil ' wniers vero inspneu 10 wxiic unci nonces to the ellect thai tii Innfrnn U'na in ronlifv tn Tin n lnmm nfrniticf r?nwmnM. . . . . ; , . . (,"- ukimuiiy supporiej 1 uy England and trie united states. Throughout the summer and fall there appeared in variosi newspapers, including the influential Frankfurter Zeitunp, inspire articles about the possibilities of annexing tho industrial centers and important harbors of Belgium. In Munich and Leinsic a Iwi by Doctor Schumacher, of Bonn University, was published, entitled "Antwerp, Its World Position and Importance for German - Economic Life." Another writer named Ulrich Rauschcr wrote 'a numoer-oi newspaper anu magazine articles lor. the purpose cf " showing that Gcimany would need Antwerp after this warinordertj. successfully compete with Holland, England and France in woiM commerce. He figured that the difference between the cost cf a i-!.:.. r il. til; rn.. i...i..i; i .i. . ' iiuii&iUTiuiiuii iiuiii kiiu ivinnu viuiuy limusuriui Clues 10 Antwerp : and tho cost of tianspbrtation from tho Rhine Valley to Hambor and Bremen would be great enough to enable German products tori ' sold in America for less money than products of Germany's enemies. These articles brought up tho old question of the "freedom of tho seas." Obviously, if tho Allies were to control the seas I after tho war, as they had during the war, Germany could nuh t' no plans for tho le-cstabhshment of her world commerce palesi thero wore somo assurances that her merchant fleet would be u ' free on the high seas as that of any other nation. During tlj J. war Germany had talked a gieat deal about tho freedom of tin 1 seas. When the Lubitania was torpedoed Von Jagow said in u 'J interview that Germany was fighting for the free sea3 and that J by attacking England's control Germany was acting in the interests of tho whole world. But Germany was really not sincero in what 'I sho said about having tho seas fiee. What Germany really desired was not freedom of tho seas in peace time, because the seas lad been frco before tho war. What Germany wanted was free seas J in war time freedom for her own merchant bhips to go from Ger-. many to any port in the world and return with everything eieefti absolute contraband, ucrmnny's object was to keep from builduf ' a navy great enough to protect her merchant fleet in order that- sho might devoto all her energies to army organization. But tk'l freedom of tho seas was a popular phrase. Furthermore, it ekplalned to the German people why their submarino warfare was not injiuau i becauso it was really fighting for tho freedom of all nations M j tho high seas! (coxti:;ued tomorrow) THE VICTORIOUS CHICAGO WHITE SOX ELIGIBLE TO APPEAR IN GREAT WORLD'S SERIES CLASSIC JOHN COLLINS OSCAU FKLSCII FRUD McMULUN JOE JACKSON URBAN FADER CHARLES RISBERO ILVRRY LEIBOLD GEORGE ("BUCK") WEAVJ3 Outfielder Outfielder Infielder Outfielder Pitcher Shortstop Outfielder Third BaEemM RAY SCHALK JIM SCOTT WILLIAM ("KID") GLEASON U V. CICOTTE , CLARENCE H. ROWLAND IL ('THICK") GANDIL EDDIE COLLINS EDDIE MURPHV Catcher Jow In tho army. Coach Pitcher V Manater , First Baseman. Second Baseman Pinch Hitter V. G. WdPTGAXCf DAVIP UANFORTK A? U. .IttJSBBW. JOWPHBBJW "USif5W ROBERT lUBBROOK T. JOIIRDAX ' J. JENKINB CIUDBWJW'ia11" $&& Pitckar rttcSMr Pltchtr JPMolM . CMohM Utility Mtm Utility Ktut "iiis , . , ftMMf iKKi lllHlftiJniffTliii TJBiflft'1 i i -J -4 - wMljaiMtitfji .&: . J&nb x --i v.,k. ,3. rrrAimWilTr' V- ' a!,,, ' 1 ''' HH, iH sIHHHHHHHHHHiiiHiiikiiiii to- ijai
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers