EVENING LEDGER-PHIUADELPHIA:, FBrDY.SEPTEaEBER ; . 1917 'Zi 1" TJ Sertten V fv kT m tifk. J EPMANYwBBt;?. CX CAFiJU WACKERMAN "In the RcicIiRtac- there has been only one real democratic party. That is the ! ist. The National Liberal party, which has posed as a reform organization, 'n reamy numing inoru uiun ui '"j ...- ., - ,,4 muustr Copyright 117. (leoreo II Doran Company. A There Was Little Love Lost Between Von Falkcn- '-hayn and Von Hindenburg, and When the Former Turned Over the Command to the Present Leader He Was Bitterly Sarcastic in His Comments A National Liberal Leader in the Reiclistag Told Ackerman That With an Unlimited U-Boat Gampaign Germany Could Sink 600,000 Tons of Allied Shipping Monthly and Thus Gain the Upper Hand The Period of New Orientation IV was very difficult for the German public to accept the German reply to President Wilson's Sussex note. The people wcio bitter against the United States. They hated Wilson. . They feared him. And the idea of the German Government bending its kne to a man they hated was enough cause for loud protests. This feeling among the people found plenty of outlets. The submarine advocates, who always had their ears to the ground, saw that they could tnke advantage of this public feeling at the expense of the Chancellor and the Foreign Office. Prince von Uuelow, the former Chancellor, who had been spending most of his time in Switzerland after his failure to keep Italy out of the war, had written a book entitled "Deutsche Politik," which was intended to be an'indictment of Von Bcthmann-Hollweg's international policies. Von Buelow returned to Berlin at the psychological moment and began to mobilize the forces against the Chancellor. After the Sussex dispute was ended the Socialist organ Vor- waerts, "supported by Philip Scheidemann, leader of the majority ' of the Socialists, demanded that the Government take some steps toward peace. But the General Staff was so busy preparing for the expected Allied offensive that it had no time tothink about peace or about internal questions. When Von Falkcnhayn resigned and Von Hindenburg arrived at great headquarters to succeed him the two generals met for the first time in many months. (There waa bitter feeling between the two.) Von Falkenhayn, as he turned the office over to his successor, said: "Has your Excellency the courage to take over this position now?" "I have always hdd the courage, your Excellency," replied Von Hindenburg, "but not the soldiers." In the Reichstag there has been only one real democratic party. That is the Socialist. The National Liberal party, which has posed as a reform organization, is in reality nothing more than the party controlled by the ammunition and war industries. When these interests heard that submarine warfare was to be so restricteJ as to be virtually negligible, they began to sow seeds of discontent among the ammunition makers. These interests began to plan for the time when the submarine warfare would again be dis cussed. Their first scheme was to try to overthrow -the Chancellor If they were not successful, then they intended to take advantage of the democratic movement which was spreading in Germany to compel the Government to consent to the creation of a Reichstag Committee on Foreign Affairs to consult with the Foreign Office when all questions of international policy, including submarine war fare, were up for discussion, Seizing that clause in tho German noto which said thnt Germany would hold herself free to change her promises in tho Sussex enso if tho United States was not successful against Englnnd, tho navy began to threaten tho United States with renewed submarine warfare unless President Wilson acted against Great Britain. Reporting some of these events on June 12, tho Evening Ledger, of Philadelphia, printed tho following dispatch, which I sent: BERLIN, July 12. Tho overthrow of Chancellor von Bethmann-IIollweg, champion of a conciliatory policy toward tho United States, and the unloosing of German submarines within three months, was predicted by Von Tirpltz supporters Tho fight to oust tho Chancellor has now grown to Buch proportions that it overshadows iR interest tho Allied offensive. Tho attacks on the Chancellor havo gradually grown bolder since the nppcarance of Princo Buelow'a book, "Dcutscho Politik," because this book is believed to bo tho opening of Buelow's campaign to oust tho Chancellor and step back into tho position ho occupied until succeeded by Bethmann-IIollWcg in 1909. Tho movement has grown moro forceful sinco tho German answer to President Wilson's ultimatum was sent. Tho Con servatives accepted tho German noto as containing a conditional clause, nnd they hnvo been waiting to seo what steps the United States would take 'against England. "A Reichstag leader said that with an unlimited submarine campaign Germany' could sink 600,000 tons of Allied shipping a month. Then tho Kaiser could start building merchantmen faster and better than his enemies." in i , W-: '..vHyi&&rrr::i-.. : .. -mrTrfTVirrvn i m -r;"Trii-tvJ"'"rBiH in bhht" . - 'rifiSJUiM' TTr: :zttsaammBj&tyjatiaaamr!,xmAJ!',vr'MErLT!mK,rr " - -- .wT -sSsK?3S6MPWeaSfS I9I5 "" I I I Itslltl I I I "11 f t " " "' t ia re . , .. . :. J Soooeo 475ooo - 4So,ooo . US.ooo jooooo' 37S,ooo 35o,eoo - air.ooo 300,ooo X)S.ooo JS """"" XlSfioo ZZZZ JLJi I7S.600 "ZjIiZIL ISO.000 j l 0v 7 7 1 zzz JJ oo """ - . TZ&'xtV "-SSr'iW " -a--"- cZSb:. L J. M .Z -" . tr j wr" - ' . T - a ' ' " AwjGnZ ul. S3C' n '? Jv -:.".v?s. 4:--mz: " " r ZKSia&e!2ir ;-fa ir here today unless President Wilson acts against the British blockade. Members of the Conservative party and those favoring annexation of territory conquered by Germany joined in tho forecast. They said the opinion of America will bo disregarded. A private source, close to the Foreign Office, made this statement regarding the attempt to unseat Bethmann-IIollweg at a time when the war is approaching a crisis: "Unless America docs something against England within the next three months there will be a bitter fight against the Chancellor. One cannot tell whether ho will bo able to hold his own against such opposition. The future of German-Amei-lcan relations depends upon America." Despite this political drive against the man who stood out against a bicak with the United States in the Lusitania crisis, Americans here believe Bethmann-IIollweg will again emerge triumphant. They feel certain that if the Chancellor appealed to the public for a decision ho would bo supported. Within the last few days I have discussed the situation with leaders o several parties in the Reichstag. A National Liberal member of the Reichstag, who was formerly a sup porter of Vot Tirpitz and the Von Tirpitz submarine policies, said he thought Buelow's success showed that opposition to America was now dead. "Who is going to be your next President Wilson or Hughes?" he asked, and then, without waiting for an answer, continued: "If it is Hughes, he can be no worse than Wilson. The worst he can do is to declare war on Germany, and certainly that would be preferable to the present American neutrality.. "If this should happen every one in our navy would shout and throw up his hat, for it would mean unlimited sea war against England. Our present navy is held in a net of notes. "What do you think the United States could do? You could not raise an army to help the Allies. You could confiscate SUNK BY SUBMARINE SUNK BY RAIDERS Chart showing tonnage of ships sunk by Certain hL marines lrum near Jiumirai Jiouwegs book, our ships in American ports, but if you tried to u ti , carry supplies nnd munitions to the Allies we would Ink """'"' "" """ OUW...U.41.U wur, we conld ak 600,000 tons of shipping monthly, destroy the entlrs ttenW fleets of tho leading Powers, paralyzo England and ttfo . war. Then wo would start all over, build merchantmen fate than any nation nnd regain our position as a leading c. mercial Power." Friends of the Chancellor still hope that President Wfl will take a strong stand against England, thereby greitlj strengthening Bethmnnn-Hollweg's position. At present th campaign against the Chancellor is closely connected withintena! policies of the Conservatives and the big land owners, The lttc are fighting Bethmann-IIollweg because he promised, the peok on behalf of tho Kaiser, tho enactment of franchise reform after tho war. Commenting on this dispatch, tho New YorkWofld said: Not long ago it was tho fashion among tho opponents i the Administration to jeer loudly at the impotent writing rf notes. And even among the supporters of the Administrate there grew nn uneasy feeling that we had had notes ad nautm. Yet these plodding and undramatic notes arouse in Ger-, many a feeling very different from one of ridicule. The resat-,' ful respect lor our notes is there admirably summed up If a member of the Reichstag, who to the correspondent of tie United Press exclaimed bitterly, "Our present navy is hell in a net of notes." Nets may not bo so spectacular as knuckledusters, Itt they arc slightly moro civilized and generally more efficient The National Liberal Reichstag member who was quoted id Dr. Gustav Stressemann. Stresscmann is one of the worst rat tionarles in Germany, but he likes to pose as a progress!. was ono of tho first men to suggest that the Reichstag fora committee on foreign relations to consult with and have (CONTINUED TOSIOimOW) 1 THE DAY'S NEWS HAPPENINGS GRAPHICALLY PORTRAYED BY INTERESTING PHOTOGRAPHS "" '" " '' '' .inmi.i mmin mmmnwf'mmKmm,mmmmmmmimmmmmmmmmmmmfmm ""' !- w B!to- SsO I Copyrlftit lUrrla A Kwlni ROUND FOR FRANCE ON SECRET MISSION rntatiye C. B. filler, of ilinnesota, a member of the .Keiauon uomMiiec, is on nn errand lor um iirtntift-in-i iwt Aswrkran Red Crosa. CAMP DIX, AT WRIGHTSTOWN, BOASTS OF A FIRE DEPARTMENT POSSESSING THE MOST MODERN MOTOR APPARATUi , ', Li .. iS&. FOR A NEW BOARDWAtK PET TRY THE FOX Ufa Nora Shackleton, of Philadelphia, and her cunn!nglKtle i "4 wn were auuuc wirty vtanari mm w t r f I klKjP' V fT fjn . . . t I f -t At' . &..mBK ttO i .. !.!., --k)fittSKf A,itvA a jjt Ls4ieI, l&iJl. .. - l ai?i K -c .. . . W Jjl m tM fS s t '4. 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Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers