tv IV '" iYlMWilHllltl i ! ii. i ii ... i 1 1 ,-.,' mm T' ' -r" V ' HV - REPUBLIC ? (&y CARL WX&CEkMAW s-"i4 Copjrrlcht. 1017, Georre H. Doran Company. jfyUeving That War With the United States Could Be Averted by Sowing Seeds of Discontent Among Germans in This Country, Mexico, South America) and Spain, the Krupp Ammu nition Interests Furnished the Money and the German Government the Organization for This Propaganda tH, ,', ry- : r W ay The kaiser's Censorship Prevented American Correspondents From Sending News as They Gathered It in Germany Overseas News Agency Used to Work Up Sentiment Against President Wilson Zimmermann Always in Close Touch With Work of Von Papen and Boy-Ed in America to t AX Tfz . 4?"' &A, ON JULY 4, 1915, the League of Truth issued what it called "A it T--1 i.f e T.I.h.Iamam TTila wna rlrpillntnrl In 1NOW UCClUruilUIl Ol ijiucii:iiuih..-. imo ...... ..--. German and English throughout the country. The League of Truth, however, was but one branch of tho intri cate propagnnda system. While it was financed almost entirely by German-Americans living in Germany who retained their American passports to keep themselves, or their children, out of the army, all -publications for this bureau wore approved by the Foreign Office censors. Germans connected with the organization were under direction of the Gencrnl Staff or navy. In order to have the propaganda really successful, some seeds of discontent had to bo sown in the United States, in South America and Mexico, as well as in Spain and other European neutral coun tries. For this outside propaganda, money and an organization were needed. The Krupp ammunition interests supplied the money and the Foreign Office the organization. For neaily two years the American press regularly printed dis patches from the Overseas News Agency. ome believed they were "official." This was only half'truc. Tho Krupps had been financing this news association. The Government had given its support, and the two wirelcs3 towers, at Sayvillc, L. I., and Tuckcrton, N. J., ere used as "fdotholds on American soil. These stations were JiWt ns much a part of the Krupp works as the factories at Essen or the shipyards of Kiel. They were to disseminate the Krupp-fed, fcrupp-owncd, Krupp-controllcd news of the Overseas News Agency. The Twp-Faccd Propagnnda When the Overseas dispatches first reached the United States the newspapers printed them in a spirit of fairness. They gave tho other side, and in the beginning they were more or less accurate. But when international relations between the two countries became critical the news began to be distorted in Berlin. At each crisis, as at the time of the sinking of the Arabic, the Ancona, the Sussex and other ships, the German censorship pre vented the American correspondents from sending the news as they gathered it in Germany and substituted "news" which the Krupp Interests and the Imperial Foreign Office desired tho American pco? .!. 4. UIiaiik nAnnil.Kii t (1 1 (! ...tin. 1. n tlnrrrT flnnn.nl C f n flp linrrnn jfe; to plan for an unrestricted submarine warfare, especial use was 1? xmade of the Overseas News Agency to work up sentiment here P"JS, BHU1I13L I ILaiUCUL IT USUI i 17UUtlLUi; L11U1 to VJW IIKlVtU fcV lVVV.li the United States from breaking diplomatic relations. In December and January last records of the news dispatches in the American newspapers from Berlin show that the Overseas Agency was more active than all American correspondents in Berlin.. Secretary of State Zimmermann, Under Secretaries von dem Buscho and von Stumm gave frequent interviews to the so-called "representatives of tho Overseas News Agency." It was nil part of a specific Krupp plan, supported by the Hamburg-American and tho North German Lloyd Steamship Companies, to divide opinion in the United States so that President Wilson would not be supported if he broke diplo matic relations. Germany, as I have pointed out, has been conducting a two faced propaganda. While working in the United States through her agents and reservists to create the impression that Germany was friendly, tho Government labored to prepare the German people for t war. The policy was to make tho American people believe Germany would never do anything to bring the United States into the war, but to convince the German public that America was not neutral and ht S that President Wilson was scheming against the German race. uermnny was Janus-ncaueu. neaa ;o. 1 saw: America, you arc a great nation. Wo want your friend ship and neutrality. We have close business and blood relations, and these should not be broken. Germany is not the barbaric nation her enemies picture her. Head No. 2, turned toward the-German people, said: Germans, President Wilson is anti-German. He wants to prevent us from starting an unlimited submarine war. America i j.j5' 4 x ''C&Jl? t'Td'SpE CHflriRfta y vJhr "?pb3QbpU vv EMtS3WBBBBBT?"ilhyffin3ypyftJiPB "I overheard in a Berlin cafe two naval officers discuss plans for destroying Allied ships sailing from American ports. One of these men was an escaped officer of an interned liner at Newport News." it? i "X u my has never been neutral, because Washington permits the ammu nition factories to supply the Allies. These factories are killing your relatives. We have millions of German-Americans who will support us. It will not be long until Mexico will declare war on the United States, and our reservists will fight for Mexico. Don't i)o afraid if Wilson breaks diplomatic relations. The German press invasion of America began at the beginning of the war. Doctor Dernburg was tho first envoy. He was sent to New York by tho same Foreign Office officials and tho snme Krupp interests which control tho Overseas agency. Having failed here, he returned to Berlin. There was only one thing to savo German propaganda in America. That was to mobilize tho Say villc and Tuckcrton wireless stations, and Germany did that immediately. At the beginning of the war, when tho British censors refused the American correspondents in Germany tho right of telegraphing to the United States via England, tho Bcilin Government granted permission to the United Prcs, the Associated Press and tho Chicago Daily News to send wireless news via Sayville. At first this news was edited by tho correspondents of these associations nnd newspapers in Berlin. Later, when the individual correspondents began to demand more spaco on tho wireless, the news sent jointly to these papers was cut down. This unofficial league of American papers was called the "War Union." The news which this union sent was German, but it was written by trained American writers. When the Government saw the value of this service to the United States it began to send wireless news of its own. Then the Krupp interests appeared and the Overseas News Agency was organized. At that moment tho Krupp invasion of the United States began and contributed 800,000 marks annually to this branch of propa ganda alone. How Germany Colored the News Doctor Hammann, for ten years chief of the Berlin Foreign Office propaganda department, was selected as president of the Overseas News Agency. The Krupp interests, which, had been subscribing 400,000 marks annually to this agency, subscribed tho samo amount to tho reorganized company. Then, believing that another agency could be oiganized, subscribed 400,000 marks more to tho Transocean News Agency. Because there was so much bitterness and rivalry between the officials of tho two concerns the Government stepped in and informed the Overseas News Agency that it could send only "political news," while tho Transocean was authorized to send "economic and social news" via Sayvillo and Tuckerton. This news, however, was not solely for the United States. Krupp's eyes were on Mexico and South America, so agents were appointed in Washington and New York to send the Krupp-bred wireless news from New Yoik by cable to South America and Mexico. Obviously the same news which was sent to tho United States could not be telegraphed to Mexico and South America, because Germany had a different policy toward these countries. Tho United States was on record against an unlimited submarine warfare. Mexico and South America were not. Brazil, which has a big German population, wns considered an unannexod German colony. LIGHT THE LEAOUE OP-TRUTH Mead OFTieet lot Oermartr BERLIN V i Pofxtamer 51 f r'tt'.A4if l VahthttUWai .ll.tn Ansgabt Hr.2 THE LEAGUE OF TRUTH. A Society lor Destroying international falsehood Wittioul any blare ol trumpet, but m that eroet and seclusion which ones birth to all signiti cent enterprises, o leaque was formed a year ajo in Germany Its rnollo is "For liQhl and Truth ' The League row steps forth into the light ot day in order lo continue its ecliMlies m B more otlicial manner The "League of Truth" whose Mead Offices tot Oeimany are locoled al 48. Potjdamer.Slra&c. Berlin W. it able lo glance back oer o series ot splendid results, cl uhich more will be heatd icier on. "Zimmermann said the United States would never go to war with Germany, b nnnnan.Ainriimns wnnld revolt.' This was one of Zimmermann s hobbies, flu American officials and foreign correspondents that President Wilson would hot! aDie.lO Drlng me UIUICU OUIl.ua IU UlU uuua Ul TTCM uwvuuov m.w uvj.iuuif.cl.irtej were too powcrtul " tag members, that tho real power behind tho Govnii hero was not tho press and public opinion, but tho nino million il jcuiis wiiu wuru unutny ui inuiictuy iviuiuu lo UCriTlanv lila limn hn finrcrnmr'nt i"r1l an nilt-A Ihnf If rm.U i ...... ...... w v v.... .., ...Hv . wulu raiV ,- l en.rnllAft Cnrmnn. A mnrtrnna tlinf .flirt HnVArnmAMi .. '" I ..w........... -v...... .- ......... ,.., considered i ns a German asset whenever there was a nuhmnrlns i.i ' " "". fll Thought Wilson Was Only Bluffing , When Henry Morgenthau, former American AmbajHftiJ Turkey, passed through Berlin, en routo to tho United Stu??l conferred with Zimmermann. who was then TTnrla.. c J WlIV. ."," it. i it. -! " ..uw:"Ul ouuu. .uunii uiu tuuiao ui unu ui uiuir conversations Zlti mann said tho United States would never go to war with n. "becauso tho Gorman-Americans would revolt." That was omI uiiimuiiumiiii uUi. .......w. ....... .uuum iunencau old nnd foreign correspondents that Fresident Wilson would not bT vo urinfj mo uiuieu oiuivs iu ura urmit ui war, DCCaUSe ttft man-Americans wero too powerful." But Zimmermann was not making theso statements xsaa, uwii uubiiuuky. no nua uuiuk uujji. uuuuiuiy auviSCa' ObOttt ft tions hero through tho German spy system and bjr German-Ama envoys, wno canto xo iienin 10 report on progress thd Gei Americans were maKing nero in pontics ana In Congress. 7immermnnn was ro "rlnnd surn" ho wns rio4if Ir. - .. largo portion of Americans to bo disloyal that one time durfstl ... V V """"-"""" w .. o,u luav n9- tYiisuu huh uiuy uiuihiik in jua suuinuriiiu iiuics. VYHen Ziff m4nn was Under Secretary of State I used to sco him very His conversation would contain questions liko these: "Well, how is your English President? Why doesn't President do something against England?" ! Zimmermann was nlwnys in closo touch with the work Captains von Papen and Boy-Ed when they were in this Comb ho was ono 01 me cnici supports 01 tno nttlo group of intrlr in Berlin who directed German propaganda here. Zinrnidm was tho man who kept Baron Mumm von "Schwarzenstein tv Ambassador to Tokio, In tho Foreign Office in Berlin as chief '""rj" i.ii..fe"u ouv iimiriuu in uiiu.tt B11U Vmna. .JIjj had been hero ns Minister Extraordinary several years aw i 1nAiir limtf fArmnnv'a ftiatliAfltt ... 1.1 Vtn im.J 4H xt. 1 . ........ ..v... v-"..".v a U.VK..UUO mum uu uatu lu UlU OESl pnrf namely, to divido American sentiment. Then when Zimmeri succeeded Jagow ho ousted Mumm because Mumm had unpopular with higher Government authorities. Ono day in Berlin, just before tho recall of tho former Get military and naval attaches in Washington, I asked Zimm whether Germany sanctioned what these men had been doing, gj replied that Germany approved everything-they had done "iecit they had drjhe nothing moro than try to keep America out oti war; to prevent American goods reaching tho Allies, aniht pcrsuado Germans nnd those of German descent not 'to worki ammunition factories." The samo week I overheard in a BaB cafo two reserve naval officers discuss plans for destroying ABi ships sailing from American ports. One of theso men waj'i escaped officer of an interned liner at Newport News. He U escaped to Germany by way of Italy. That afternoon when I w Ambassador Gerard I told him of the conversation of these tti men and also what Zimmermann had said. Tho Ambassador hi just received instructions from Washington about Boy-Ed it Von Papen. v; Gerard was furious. iff "Go tell Zimmermann," he said, "for' God's sake to Imti America alone. If he keeps this up he'll drag us into the wu.i;- The United States won't stand this sort of thing indefinitely;' That evening I went back to the Foreign Office and sawZfc mermann for a few minutes. I asked him why it. was that Gv many, which was at peace with the United States, was doing event thing within her power to mako war. - f Germany Paid Americans for Spy Work k "Why, Germany is not doing anything to make you go'j war," ho replied. "Your President seems to want war. Gernw is not responsible for what the German-Americans are doing.Tln are your citizens, not ours. Germany must not be held responsiW for what thoso peoplo do." il Had it not been for the fact that tho American Goveramw was fully advised about Zimmermann's intrigues in the United SUta this remark might bo accepted on its face. The UnitedtStat knew thai; Germany was having direct negotiations with Genai Americans in the United States. Men came to Germany witl letters of introduction from leading German-Americans here, witk tho expressed purpose of trying to get Germany to stop its propa ganda here. - ' n What they did do was to assure Germany that the Germ; Americans would never permit the United States to be dram into tho war. Because of their high recommendations from Germuti hero some of them had .audiences with tho Kaiser. Germany had been supporting financially some Americans, U the Stato Departmpnt has proof of checks which have been girii to American citizens for propaganda and spy work. i I know personally of one instance where 'General Direct Hcinicken, of the North German-Lloyd, gave ah American in Bi $1000 for his reports on American conditions. Tho name cannot mentioned- becauso there are no records to prove the transactii although tho man receiving this money came to me and ad mo to transmit ?2G0 to his mother thro.sh tho Uni'ed Press offl I refused. 'Jt (CONTINUED JIONDAT) News to Brazil, therefore, had been colored differently than news to New York. Somo of tho coloring was dono in Berlin; some in Now York by Krupp's ngents here. As a result of Gormany's anM-Unitcd States propaganda in South America and Mexico, thefo countries did not follow President Wilson when ho broke diplomatic relations with Berlin. While public sentiment might have been against Germany, it was, to a certain degree, antagonistic to tho United States. Obviously, Germany had to have friends in this country to assist her, or what was being dono would bo traced too directly to tho German Government. So Germany financed willingly German-Americans in their propaganda schemes. And becauso no German could cross the ocean except with a falsified neutral pass port, Germany had to depend upon German-American3 with Amer ican passports to bring information over. Theso German-Americans, co-operating with somo of tho Americans in Berlin, kept informing the Foreign Office, the army and navy, as well as influential Rcichs- "et girtdeftrich" Jill AND TRUTH CCcItbund dec 2Dal)ibc.tpfreundt 3K"VuHe fill CcutJ)lanie Serlin Z8 p0idntt Sir 7nIrtitt KicfltftftM Mitteilungen April 1916 des Wahrheitsbu tides ta Rtad, thn hlpl run ri Cffn, bom 6 elf cut en Scr SDahrhcltobund. dnt 'Sctllnlgund. juc Bernlrfjtuna InternoilonaWr 3al(Tjtjeli OljM 8ufr;iWn, toil $rofte Dinjf crfdrJmij rourdi per Cber lnep )nx c In yun i gtgrnjr, Jrr nun nm dcr Patelf ,Jflr CiJjt ond IVatjitjm in ili OfftntWdt Inn, m cfpjlcll dm nuffljrunjitlnjrn; foillurttitn. Dtr Ct!ilunJ Jir CPoMtltsfmiiiJt, 3mtrot Or Ituttd)tnJi Dtrlm TO., P3laimer Strotji . Fanii tftrellt ou (lor 75til) n Cifolacn, CVcr dit (pjtit jott) )g tin tin vat, )JilliIcn. 2tin RUB nxlrr Krtifr Ffir it. ie A TXtUhl In order Ihal jMI nltr circle na interest ' ,'! rtiie. ikiimtionalrn nulttarun9idltnte in Itienuelvej in the ideal and achvihei cl thu ' (mmlmrtn, aot drt CDabrbdi.banJ dm .udj Rgi. Bfivale tdueot anal service maintained on true Under, iiibcbndirc fWitan,, ,n,,bari. (in, ,m ' FIRST PAGE OF THE MAGAZINE "LIGHT AND TRUTH" fSAMlvlEES DRILL IN STREETS OF FRENCH TOWN-CAPTURED TOMMIES ON WAY TO GERMAN? TvT Bft WKr?'!tV iwiijr .r. wv .iMminmjjiimi. r v . vr juwi. -mm.im"mm. : k. ' r&H trS"F- - -"vm ; ' a-.' . isjvrwv i AMERICAN TROOPS "ADOPT" VILLAGE NEAR THEIR CAMP WM-vUla(imC Vho.idolUe .their YanW)yWtorgf,tlie, Americans pay frequent -vMts'to t 1 Hi fl'lll'"' 'WW I' ' w ? 'rw!MiPri3Si(f I Offlclal French War Photograph, -. , '-,,!. - f TOMMIES'.CHEERFUH EViJN IN CAPTIVITY oto "om 'A"- , lijtown, on tlw Uklrrwhicht wy r,. tJi'wP'tf'taiH.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers