trip- jFmFn - .' s m- ?.V,V' 71 '' , "J BESTOW EVENING MDGERr-PHILADELPHIA, TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 4, 1917 .'frSSS 38S k9w 1- v 1 , ' PUBLIC LEDGER COMPANY CmUS H. K. CUIITIS, Ieiidimt ,af W t.ll. tl. V. I ... f.ln ).'W. MaMIn .. awtBs n,i ITmohh) Thitlt M- i.-r. H. Whaler. I)lrectora. tV" jvh. EDITOMAL DOAno: Cries II. K. Cents, Chairman. WHALHT.i .Editor .' -V R-? . 'j -' "A. .!" tW rt JOHN C. MAnTIH..aeneral Sualnesa Manarer l! ', PuulUhed dally at I'l'BLia I.KniiB liulldlnir, i Jf, Independence. Square, l'lillailtlpiila, ' 't.Itxu cvrAL.,. Broad and Chestnut Streets ATHimo CUT VeJS-lnion nulldln- f Ci" Toar.. -jOfl Metropolitan Toner .-, fV'li''. Loci 1001 Fullerton Hulldlnc j (JiVCauoaao 1S03 Trtbuns Building- M.'.j NEWS DUnEAUS! fSfSCWimmto' Bciud met Dulldlnc S " V t v" JVsja w)itiltlla j ini( uuiiuti) r " i tjkkluix !. -.-a tl..... CI..K.I f .-'t'i'v Paaia Dciiid 82 Hue Loula '. a rand ; ; i?'fc SUBSCRIPTION TERMS The Etxsiko Linntn la served to subscribers m Philadelphia and surrounding towns at the. Tata of twelve (12) centa per week, payable t the carrier. . uy man to points outside, or rnnaneirnia, in tha united States, Canada or United fitates pos aesalona, rostaire Tree, nfty (Ml lents per month. Six (10) dollars per year. iaable In "Vr,. A-'- rtip $ ho K 3&u ft? '"t . BU ' f Kfc, v. r&. mA fore, none of its cardinal principles lias beon violated, Us limitations have never been permitted long to strangle and stifle progress. The Federal Govern ment has Implied powers amply Justifying PITTSBURGH POLITICAL SITUATION ' PULL OF THE GRIMMEST OF HUMOR a Federal chiidiabor law, and the author. Substantial and Sober Citizens Refuse to Take Ity for such an enactment need not be looked for only under the authorization for tho regulation of Jptcrstato commerce. HY WHAT RIGHT? Seriously the Impending Battle for Control by Philadelphia Contractors advance. all foreign countries ono (11) dollar per To month: None Subscribers trlsriwr address chanced Must elve old as well as nc address. BELL. 3000 WALNUT KEYSTONT. MAIN 3000 WWAddreas all eommunicatlovs to V.venlnp Ledger, Independence SQuarti, Philadelphia. bktibid at Tns rnititiKLrpu ronorrira as aiCO.ND-CUtS UA1I UATTUB rhUsdtlpMt, Tuni!7. September 4, 1917 THE CONSTITUTION DOES NOT BELONG TO REACTIONARIES TT IS peculiar that tho Constitution, which becamo tho final written covo nant of liberty and Justlco In this country, hould bo appealed to Invariably by tho cohorts of reaction whenever public opinion writes Into tho statute books laws likely to Improve social conditions and keep tho nation ih line with the for ward development of modern economic thought and progress. Bring a man up under a system which has yielded him profits and he will fight to tho bitter end against any change In that system. Let men grow rich through child labor and thero is no argument under the sun which can convince them that child labor Is not a good thing. The father who has children working in mills and confiscates their weekly wage is horrified at the Impudence of government In endeavor ing to prevent such a condition of affairs. There Is not a humanitarian law of any importance in American stat ute books that some Interest or other did not wage war against it in the courts on the ground of its unconstitutionality. When tho slave autocracy could get llttlo comfort anywhere else, It turned with confidence to the United States Supreme Court and argued out of that tribunal tho Infamous Drcd Scott decision. Hut times have changed and tho view of courts has changed, with them. It is not often In these days that the Supremo Court up holds tho narrow views of provincial judges or falls to interpret broadly the powers of tho Federal Government. Tho Keating-Owen child-labor law, which Judge Boyd, of the Western Dis trict of North Carolina, has declared unconstitutional, prohibits the employ ment of any child under fourteen years of age In any factory, mill, workshop or cannery tVio products of which are to be hipped In Interstate commerce, and re quires that tho working day of children fourteen to fifteen years old shall not be longer than eight hourr. Professor Parkinson, of Columbia University, repre senting the Department of Justice, stated that Congress avowedly had used Its power to regulato interstate commerce to termlnato deplorable local conditions within several of the individual States, This statement, Judge Boyd averred, left tho Issue clear and brought forth the ' question, "Can Congress do by Indirec tion that which undoubtedly it cannot do directly?" "Congress may regulate trade among the States," he decided, "but not the Internal conditions of labor." "We havo not Professor Parkinson's view In full before us. Ills Interpretation of the purposes of Congress could be, at best, but an Interpretation. A citizen In embryo Is part of the vital asset of tho r-natlon. The education of that citizen I, and his upbringing under conditions rea sonably conducive to good health are of fundamental concern to tho whole nation, no matter ot what State tho aforesaid person may bo a native and an inhabitant. Wo havo passed through that era of hazy conceptions, when a community was not sick unless an epidemic raged. We know now that general Insanitary condi tions, methods of employment, etc., in any ono State may be as dangerous . the well-being of other States as cholera or smallpox. In conserving our natural sj&i resources we havo learned to conserve 3;v also our vital resources. The national ,ii-n "VoWare is superior to any State rights. - - -jLfiw ocifWiuu a iitb etLvv.i, nus jigt rests K f "r tred in d JJIW Curt. but at AnnnmnltnT - ii: .... : , r t it is still in force. - j KIf Jn 'V'w of tho extraordinary powers . ,'Amrt, recently in the haris of the Chief wis; mJ . ... L wapawtiutire, powers which amplify araat- mt tno euerai aumorlty, wo doubt V If tho Supreme Court will sus ""4i ft ,. . tain tho narrow and rigid ruling handed 4'-'wmn In, North Carolina. It Is more t fBavtjr, iu neuy wo wuuio argument 01 & , vv.r . . . tasnlcut(s to one side and placo Itself Matarily on record once more In favor ,'ajf ttbral construction of ho Constl- Ikjtjws, ?Toi: (fcat M an Instrument, as ted, as. .wonder- rW .m-H&'lt WHAT right has Mr. William Draper Lewis, or Mr. Twining, or tho Mayor, or Councils to nronbso a transit lease based on the prlnclplo that tho riders I shall pay tho full cost of tho service? Mr. Taylor's program divided Itself 1 naturally into two parts, a program for construction nnd n program for financing. Ho was no more explicit In his descrip tion of the ono than he was in his descrip tion of tho other. He said: "Here are the lines o Bhall build nnd hero nro the offsets to bo used against early deficits ot operation." On such uu Issues and no other the people voted. Not even a loan of $1,000,000 for transit purposes would have been approved by tho liublic had it not beeu distinctly, clearly nnd surely understood that tho financing of tho operation should bo along modern line"), with tho city's share of tho "unearned In crement' being used, If necessary, as an offset for early dellcits. Hy what light, then, do any men como before tho public nnd proposo to abandon utterly this vital program nnd substi tute for it nn obvolcto method of llnnnc Ing, never proposed when tho people wero voting on tho project nnd entirely at variance with modern methods? They assume a power that docs not belong to them, They have no moral right, and wo doubt If they hao n legal light, to embark on such an adventure. The lease itself has been shot full of holes and It Is understood that Its proponents aro pre pared to accept radical changes; but thero is no change that can make It worthy of serious consideration, becnuso the very basis of it Is n repudiation of tho csscn tl.il guaranties made tho people of Phila delphia when they voted In favor of rapid trnnt.lt. WITS'-BURGH ThUt U the first of a series of five articles ly a staff representative of tho Evening Ledger who has made a serious study of political conditions In Pitts hurgh, which arc almost without precedent in the history of the Commonwealth. THE RIGA DEBACLE Tim abandonment of tho Itlga section has been anticipated for some time. Wherever there nro , undisciplined or poorly equipped troops in opposition, there tho Germans win victories. But they havo won no laurels against tho Allies In tho West since they wero stopped at the Marne. Tho very Immensity of Russia may prove her balvation. Territory won must be held. The winter Is worth ten army corps In Russia. And nothing i-o cements tho martial spliit of a people or is so certain to bind them together for united action as an enemy In possession of' tliclr soil. Human nature gets the better of all theories and "isms" when that con dition of affairs comes to pass, and the natural lovo of man for tho soil that he lives on dominates all his impulses. Thero Is nothing more dangcious than to "con quer" Russia. She Is whipped only when her armies fall along the far-flung fron tiers or In foreign lands'. She Is victori ous when her foes win to her very heart. Tho Allies havo ceased to expect any thing from Russia e.cept that sho keep a certain number of Germans employed. That sho Is doing. Tho further they run Into her territory tho moio certain she Is of a final united effort and a titanic struggle to rid herself of her tormentors. THE PATRIOTISM OP SONG MAJOR GENERAL BELL has happily succumbed to tho catch phrase that "A singing man Is a fighting man." To prove that this is true ho has already started a public subscription fund with which to purchase musical instruments and copies of popular songs for tho sol diers to be trained at Camp Upton, Yap hank, Long Island. When that chorus gets going It will bo tho mightiest ever heard on this continent. Similar movements ought to bo Inaugu rated In all the cantonments. Tho psy chological effect of a good song well sung by a fighting army is terrific. That In tangible factor of victory called morale has no better ally than spirited music. Germany employed this asset to tho fullest extent when her troops broke all marching records with the conquest of twenty-flvo miles a day during the early rush through Belgium. Such advances, even with melody to help, are, of course, out ot tho question under the present conditions of warfare, but even when the playing of a weary waiting game Is de manded tho patriotic inspiration of song is Invaluable. Moscow will bo tho capital, but not of a German empire. Mr. Wilson's reply to the Pope Is like good wine It gets better with age. One Labor Day is much the same as another, only each year there Is a llt tlo more prosperity. Uncle Sam reports a. "shortage ot small bills." Husbands of bargain-hunt-J ers deeply envy him. Mayor MItchel, of New York, Is also lucky. A Judge is tho opposition candidate, and he Isn't even a Republi can Judge. It Is a pity the Mayor does not walk more often about the city by night. He might see some things that blind ordinary preservers of tho peace. And yet it was only a year or so ago that the present Mayor of Chicago was being groomed for the presidency! Tlmo Is a yardstick no "piker" can fool. Mr. Wilson having decided to march In tho parade of dratted men to day, Senator Vardaman announces that he'll be there, too. We trust that tho ex. crclso will not be so strenuous as to in terfere with his future oratory In thp Senate. By SAMUEL McCOY NOTHING especially humorous Is being said or done Just now In Philadelphia. People nro going about their businesses stolidly nnd even refuse- tho trlbuto of a sour smllo to any new discussion of tho transit situation, for example. To And uny real activity In tho Joke manufacturing line today Phlladelphians must travel in a westerly direction for some 300 miles and Miake hands with tho boys out In Pittsburgh. There, In tho city of coke and steel (with the accent, ac cording to some Pittsburgh humorists, on steal), the Jokesmlths aio working night and day on war orders for popular con sumption. The tall stacks ot the Joko mills are belching forth blaclc clouds of humor by day, and by night the city Is lighted up with the ruddy glow of tho Jest forges. I lino spent several diys In Pitts buigh recently and held conversations w ith a number of Its citizens. Somo of their remarks mo set down herewith. I leavo it to the critics In Philadelphia to Judge whether they were e.ptessed In deadly serlousnesrt or In a spit It of delightful playfulness. The pits of Wlts'-Burgh aro too subtle for me. 1'lttsbuigh began its campaign for the election of a new Mayor on Monday of last week. Don't laugh: wo haven't como to the point yet. As far as my own Individual feelings are concerned, I camo away from Pittsburgh In the deepest of glooms. 1 had failed to havo a long, long, long tall: with T. II. Given, n gen tleman who was touted to mo as being tho cheeriest little humorist In nil Pitts burgh. A Good Penroso Democrat Mr. Given owns a bank and two news papers, so I was naturally disappointed when I failed to attain my hope for an hour or two of conversation with a man of whom many engaging stories aro told. Mr. Given's reputation for wit was achieved, so the story goes, and was mado imperishable ai a block of gianlto when ho called himself a Democrat. I thought the delicious humor of the anec dote lay In the fact that the Democrats In Pittsburgh wero like tho snakes In Ireland. But I was told that I had missed tho point, as usual. And this Is not tho only bit of humor ascribed to him. I was told that some ono recently asked Mr. Given to account for tho fact that no Democrat had been In tho running for Mayor since the days when the late James W. Guthilo occu pied tho post. This Is the answer ascribed to Mr. Given: "Wo havo a nonpartisan primary here; and one of tho defects of that system Is that it eliminates as candidates all but representatives of the controlling party." Besides his icputatlon as a humorist, Mr. Given Is described as being a bulldog fighter In business. His newspapers aie, of course, lighting tooth and nail in the Interests of tho Democratic party? N3! You got that wrong. They happen to be supporting Senator Penrose's preference for the mayoralty. According to Mr. Given, as quoted, only candidates of the "controlling party" get nominated at Pittsburgh's primaries. There are three Republicans In tho mayoialty race, and a Democrat who Is a fighter by Instinct simply can't refrain from supporting at least one of them. So Mr. Given supports tho Penrose candi date. A finer example of the subtle Pitts burgh humor current in these days can scarcely bo Imagined. Loyal to Capitalists Town gossips are uncontrollable. They whispered to mo that the public utilities expcit who is ono of tho Republican con testants for tho mayoralty had intimated in his platform that he intended to force upon tho banking Interests which own the Pittsburgh street railways certain things which would benefit tho persons who ride in street cars and which would, presum ably, cut down tho revenues of tho persons who own tho street cars. Tho town gos sips said that the Given bank, daunt lessly standing side by side with the Mellon banking interests, was prepared to light this threat against decent capi talists to the last trench in tho pavements of Pittsburgh. But tho Joke on tho town gossips is that Mr. Glvcn's newspapers haven't once given this explanation for their support of the Penrose candidate. And the only consolation tho town gossips find is to say that Mr. Given, from tho calm heights occupied by a wealthy Democratic banker, sneers behind his warm, Impulsive palm at all three of the candidates. This Is manifestly unfair on tho part of tho town gossips, however. Tho thing which Is plainly to bo read in Mr. GIven's news papers by any one of Pittsburgh's million of street car riders Is that Mr. Given is supporting the candidate of that sterling Democrat, Senator Boles Penrose! One statement In which thero is no I trace of humor Is attributed to Mr. Given. It is said that ho was asked if he did not consider It a good Idea to form a com mittee ot substantial business men, say one hundred in number, to stand as spon sors before the public for tho good be havior of tho Penrose candidate' should ho become Mayor. Mr. Given Is said to Mr. Black charged that Governor Brumbaugh wanted to Nise the State Highway Department to build up n po litical Lmacliine. Th Governor retorts by appointing J. i)nny p'Nell to take, Mr. THE DANGER MONTHS July, August and September are the dan ger months. During these three months 60 per cent of all the babies born In the United States do not survive the first month. Rec ords prove that more than 0 per cent of babies born each year die before thirty days have pajeed. There are 100.0QO mothers in 'the United ptate who wIILJom. their infants atarlstr - f . Wr ' ass-losasl wfMaMP m have replied In words which left no doubt ns to their exact meaning that if ho ap proved tho formation of such a commit tee ho would proposo it In his own newspapers, and that If ho did not ap prove It ho would not proposo It In his own newspapers. What could bo plainer? "Too Busy Making Money" These are "ben mots" too often retold. To get one from which the gloss had not been rubbed, I called upon ono of tho heads of ono of tho greatest steel con cerns in Pittsburgh. He was too canny n humorist to allow tho uso of his name, but his perslflago was gcnulno, even though it must remain anonymous. "Tho administration of Pittsburgh under Major Armstrong, Just ending his term. Is ono of tho most disgraceful In Pittsburgh's history," said he. "Tho can didate who will havo tho support of the Penrose-Armstrong machine in the pres ent election is a. business man of the highest ability In tho management of his private affulrs. But If ho is elected Mayor ho will be a rhlld in the hands of the machine, They'll play with him. "Business men of equal ability and who are Independent of machine domi nation could givo Pittsburgh n clean ad ministration. But wo nro nil too busy making money. And why should any man who lias built up a character, of honesty and acumen sacrifice It to tho In evitable blackening with which tho ene mies of any political candidate, no matter how clein ho may be, will besmirch him? No, thank you: no.' We'll stick to our steel mills!" Ho asserted in so many words that the forco of tho Mellon banking interests would be thrown against the candidacy of former Piiljlic Servlco Commissioner Wil liam A. Mngce, whose platform for ex tenshe municipal undet takings is said to give uneasiness to them. Ho declaied that gambling graft and tho social evil were rampant in Pittsburgh. And then he dismissed with u laugh the Idea that any public sentiment could bo aroused to tip.in up tho city by competent leader ship! "Apathetic? Certainly!" he chuckled. "Even the women who nro our social lead ers and who once attacked vice condi tions are too busy now with Red Cross work to pay nny attention to tills cam paign. Frankly, 1 can conceive of no circumstance which could arouso tho public from Its apathy." Ho mndo these observations In the calmest of tones, and if they could not bo classed as humor, they do form an Ironic comment on Pittsburgh which is not de void of humor. Even Mrs". Rinehart Is Cynical Precisely the same attitude was taken by Mary Roberts Rinehart, probably known to more people In tho United States than any other resident of Pitts butgh. Mrs. Rinehart. a keen student of municipal as well ns of national affairs, asserted without reservation that Pitts burgh citizens aro not being given a clean city, either morally or physically. Nor could sho express any confidence that tho conditions -hich she denounced would bo bettered to any adequate de gree, whatever tho outcome of tho pres ent mayoralty contest. "Only a miracle could awaken tho public to force clean government upon the city," said, she, 'and frankly, I cannot see how such a miracle could happen. "You think that sounds cynical? Well, I am cynical! Pittsburgh Is too old a city, too habituated to wearing its chaln3 without protest, ever to be awakened." A humorous situation? Possibly so, to tho residents of Plttsbuigh; but how in tensely richer In humor to certain citizens of Philadelphia! And who may those citizens be? Well, they stand In two groups, look ing ut each other across the prostrate body of tho city in tho Allegheny hills. In one group aro Boies Penrose, James P. McNIchol nnd their lieutenants; and In tho other are William S. Vare. n Gov ernor of Pennsylvania named Brumbaugh nnd his Attorney General, Francis Shunk Brown. It has been a good many years slnco a chap named Nast diew a picture of a monster tiger which stood over the body of a Hiiplno goddess and snarled vic toriously whllo tho hosts of those who had loosed tho fearful animal Into the nrena looked down on the scene and cried applause. Tweed, whose rule of New York tho tiger typified, is gone. Tam many Is a lean shadow. But Pennsylva nlnns today nro seated nbout an amphi theatre overlooking an arena in which not ono but two tigers are loose. "Who cares which one wins?" chuckle tho wits of Pittsburgh. But if one conquers the other, tho victor will make tho old tiger ot Tam many look by comparison llko a tamo housecat. Measured by 1917 standards In Penn sylvania, Tammany was a piker. Tam many owned one city. The tigers of to day will be content with not less than two. For with these two tho victor will count an empire Commonwealth as its untrammeled hunting ground. The second article on the Ptllsburgh po. HJIca! filiation, "A Qreat City Put Up at Auction; How Much Is Bid for Plttsburght" will appear on this tpaae tomorrow. pure milk, many to Bummer heat Mors than 75,000 of these babies could be saved to the countryjf they were given right food and proper care. And the country is going to need these babies as the country has never needed them before. There Is no longer any excuse for parents wljo allow their Ignorance to cauae the di-ath of a baby. There l"'no longer any' reason for an infant to die from la'ck of pure milk. Of the 300,000 babies under one year of i wiiu uicu ift ma umieu maiea in I1J :ii-r:-T-'"TV C 'TT -'"' " wawsw W"i mii9m,tvvx4.r-: cr c.S'Sy issni UH," - nTrlll rBllasaRV. "BUT I'LL COMU J3AUKI" , ,xmy 1..l,Ar---'e"-,''jij?Wi,iVs i,fij!rr( -"-', spv riy-;? ." ; $sr2&fiVliG&m ad& rcM ..?,sF r.jr rsC 1M - I What Do You Know? 1 1 "SUPREME COURT OF THE WORLD" Not to Be Attained by Academic Statesmanship Comments on Other Current Topics THE HAGUE CONFERENCE To the Killtor of the livening Ledger: Sir Tho Ftnry of The Hague conference of 1D07, " tfild In yesterday's Evening Lnnoun, ought not to pass without comment. It Is evidently told by James Brown Seott, secretary of the Amcilcan delegates, and it Intimates that the cnnfeince was virtually agreed on a so-called International ".Su preme Court" when a Central American State's repicsentatle suddenly demanded equal representation of all nations In pro ducing it and halted eerythlng. Mr. Scott Intimates, according to the storv. that there was pained surprise at this, as though he did not know that Delaware did the same thing in his own land's con stitutional convention, and, moreoer, threat ened to dlsiupt tho comentlnn unless she had her way. It Is stinnge that Mr, Scott, or any one else supposed to be big enough to bo a delegate nt The Hague, should Ignoie the fact that this was the prime struggle of our convention of 17S7 and not anticipate It at Tho Hague, and so prolde for It. In stead of that, howeer, according to Mr. Scott, tho whole conference lay down beforo the little Central American nation, and now charges It with letting loose tho dogs of war In 1311 and chaos generally. Did the Wilsons and Madisons of 1787 Ho down beforo little Delaware? They also wanted proportional representation quite as much as tho Scotts and Butlers of 1907. Thirty yeais after tho event Charles PInckney wrote that It was "the prudence and forbearance of the large States" that saved the Union In 1787 by preferring to give little Delaware an equal representation in tho Senate rather than havo the chaos that would follow disruption. "Tho prudence and forbearance" of the largo nations was evidently not in working order In 1907. according to Mr. Scott's tale, and so they, the Scotts and Butlers and other representatives of larger nations, let the imminent union of 1907 fall to smash, nnd they, tho Scotts and Butlers et al., not a Central American, let loose the chaos of 1914' Evidently what was needed on that occa sion was larger timber Wilsons and Madi sons, whoe "pruderco and forbearance" were In working order. Nn Wilson or Madi son, however, would have gone theio on such an errand anyhow; they would have known that thero was no such thing as a "Supreme Court" without a co-ordinate legislative and executive as bases. Wo need Wilsons and Sladlsons now to squeeze tho water out of such stocks as international "Supremo Courts" (which are triangles with only one sldo). a "League to Enforce Peace " which Is nothing but a mere vigilance committee, nnd set forth the well known necessities of government, They had their Scotts nnd Butlers in 1787 too, who wanted an Imitation United States. They are too academic, A little closer inspection of the article shows that Ellhu Root was in that group, but standing behind James Brown Scott, and evidently In the minority. Surely Mr, Root would not chargo this awful chaos to tho little Central American country. BURTON ALVA KONKLE. Swarthmore, ra.. September 1. FORGOTTEN WARRIORS To the Editor of the Evening Ledger: Sir Historians tell us that there were more than 5000 negro soldiers in the Rev olutionary War. and that two of them, Teter Salem and Solomon Poor, were men tioned for marked bravery. Negroes were with Perry on Lako Erie and with Jnckson at New Orleans in tho War of 1812. In the War of tho Rebellion 180.000 ne groes were unlisted and fought In many of the bloodiest battles of the war, namely, MUllken's Bend, Port Hudson, Fort Wagner and at the assault on Petersburg, Va, Many ot these men won commissions. For forty years after he close of the Civil War the negro troops fought the In dians on the western frontier, and one troop K of the Ninth Cavalry In recognition of Its. bravery was stationed at Fort Myer," Va., and had the pleasure of acting as escort for many distinguished visitors to the national capital, among them tha In fanta lfulalUv of Spain. In tho SpnnlshtAmerican War the Ninth anl Tenth Cavalry, and ..Twenty-fourth ,,! ii wniy-oriA uoanu-y rnimm tooktHI SMBBBRbf aKWHawaJI jmshbmIVw mk ABavaav aVaV ajsVB J JsWiWIflHt ar '''F'r-alF artJ Negro sailors wero with Dewey at Manila. In addition to these there were nine volun teer regiments thut did their duty In tho States, In Cuba nnd in tho Philippines Surely R. M. B., 4 th, must have heard of Carrlzal. Twelve negroes have been admitted to Wet Point, three of whom were graduated and one, Colonel Charles Young, has Just been retired after thirty-four j cars' meri torious service. There aio at present two colored lino ofllcers in the regular army. Captains J. E Green and B. O. Davis. Menellk with ills negro army defeating the Italians; Ccttwayo, the Zulu chieftain, defeating the British ; Toussnlnt L'Ouver turo defeating tho French; the Cuban ne groes under the famous black Generals Maceo and Gomez defeating the Spaniards, nnd tho French negroes lighting side by sldo with their white compatriots In this great war for democracy, all testify to tho ncpro's ability as a lighter. The negro regiments nre the only ones In tho army that are constantly filled, s-o that we could not volunteer if we wished be causo thero Is no place for us. As to claim ing exemption, the reports of the various boards will show that tho negro is not claiming exemption In so great a ratio as tho whites. If the white men of this country would grant to the negro simple Justice, fair play, the square deal that they lovo to prate so much about, we would not have to demand the right to vote, which is guaranteed to us under the Constitution c, S Philadelphia, August 30. WHY NOT "EAGLES"? To the Editor of the Evening Ltdner: Sir Another argument pio nnd con over the name of our boys! It seems no one Is quite satisfied with "Sammee." I can't un derstand why they are not called "Eagles." Everything nbout tho good old United States of America savors of tho title ; tho "crow." as tho sailor calls it. Is on every rated mans sleeve; on the buttons of our army coats, and even on the Almighty Dollar. Tho Laglo lights for Its own. iwt for -King or Kaiser. Don't our boys? Whnt more can oil asU7 I nm sure our boys will swoop down on Kaiser Bill llko Eagles, and tear him to pieces when they onco get started i.i I. MOTHER OF TWO OF THEM Philadelphia, September 1. PREFERS "YANKEES" To the Editor of the Evening Ledger: Sir Mc, too, for "Yankees" as tho nick name for our soldiers. Keller II. Gilbert has mndo out n strong case, and as one of tho Jury I ugreo in a verdict for his client, "Yankee?." For when tho Crown Prince, long. slim, lank, iuiis up against tho tialned ranks of this country and one of our footballers tackles him Just below tho belt and throws him for u oss of ten miles, his dignity, his conceit. Ills crown and his ninety-nine pounds, he will probably report that he has been yanked good and plenty, Tho one or the other will suit me, Yankee or Yank. On either I would bank. ,,., WALTH" mmiERKORD LEWIS. A issahickon, Pa,, September 1. IT CAN'T BE DONE The Neutral Restaurant nnd Eating House oponcd Its doors for the first time at noon of the day on which our story begins Soulas JItz, tho proprietor, waiter and cook, courteously approuched his llrst cue tomer. "Good day, sir," he bowed.- "Yes, sir." "A bill of fare, please." "Wo don't use them in the Neutral Res taurant and Eating House, Mr. Tlttlldk-c " explained JItz. ' JTIttlldge? My name Is Henri Jacaues de Grass's." H "1 beg pardon, Monsieur de Grasse. We havo French fried potatoes, Parisian patties nu gratln, Joffro on the cob, and frogs' legs." " "Good, good I" beamed the ither, em an. "Bring He vvnB still eating when tho seennrt ono. tomer arrived. "Bring me a bill of fare," he demanded. "Wo don't use them In the Neutral Res. taurant and Eating House, Jtr. Tittlldee explained JItz. "' "Mr. Who? My name Is Oscar Wllhelm Ooomberger." "My error, Herr Goombergor, I'm sure We have German fried potatoes, Hamburg Bteak, Dusseldorf yellow wurst, and sauer kraut and snlssage." With a yell the second customer was on his feet, a rovolver in each hand and a horse pistol in the other. l''Ilm a U, .' eoldler.from Oklahoma-, and I iellMlfc4.'tvXMr 4mm p. k. vaZ5' :2 I t. !LmA -.-!- -a-.CT.T-l " ' ""f " l.ynm i uji j IPWUgigMteM 'V 7a- -H graara QUIZ 1. "VorwaerM" Is llip name of one of the mirt., Iinpnrtnnt nrunmiperH In (ierrannr. What Ih Its imllllail trend and nliat does It title mean? '"' A"j.itn'". ih !" of the International 8 elullst confereiife ut Morkholm? Has It been ulMinloneU or postponed? " '"" Fol??,rE-,ln,or 3'f.,'l!,n I" now an oJterf ..a f. ,'r""- ,f, "'" 'Itv was he MarS, nml who uus Ids father? 4. Hint Is the "Crolv de Cnerre"? "' ,r,!lni.?tll0I.",',, ''"M" Important offlcUl'. ios tlnn In Eneland. hat IV thl. offlcef 0. Who Is JinJjro llrl.in? 7. What I, meant l.r ".Socratlc lronj-" X. What is n rntnrnmb? : "' "'iafrone- "" mo,t """ conntrle. f ,0-is Answers to Yesterday's Quiz -ffJ?T!Oiter-rtS donnVnrd. ,mu """" ,","'nt" " 5?iim." ,,urd '" rnonceil "mi- S. Jatlrnn: from "VntLnnua." Vatican Hln. JWr'-V ,,'i;.nn,Vu0rle,M 10 Th.ntrC,e ",e "Cri" f rre Keaa.li." , ' Woolfeh .!,r"""'non of Woolwich U i ' - . ' STARVING A JURY ( . i ..m mm ot jonnnna Clew, charged with poisoning her husband with arsenic, wM : tho Philadelphia sensation of 1830. Jo hanna went free, but tho decision of a nleal Point of law In her caso was so valuabllf to the Commonwealth that it could afforia to go without vengeance. The case was tried In Quarter Sosstnnll ociore judge King. Tho Jury was charge! J '"l uair-past 10 o'clock on a Saturday night, nnd, according to tho command of thai old English common law, the Jurors wera kept "without meat or drink, fire or candles" i until they should render a vr,iui "I After the Jurors had been out twenty-$1 four hours tho district attorney and counsel 51 ior tne prisoner agreed that they should bo supplied with food if they would recelwl It. Tho majority of tho Jurors refused t that time to eat and went on with their ar-J guments In the darkness of their room. Oa the Monday morning two of the Jurors, Ebenczer Ferguson and Andrew Hooten. df'f clared that If they were longer conflnea j weir jives wouia be In danger. Ferguson i was seventy-six years old. His health bad been Impaired by previous illness and ha COUlfl Tint .t.illlr ...L1.....4 -. ..--.... ... vruuuui ucsiHiance. JlOOlOUsjJ .two uirsu m una ICCDIO. Dr. Joseph Klapp was ordered to nttenJ' tho Jurors and. he reported that if theri were "much longer kept In privation iiricuon tneir lives would be in danker." Juugo King then discharged the Jury. Inl December of the same year Johanna wall "sain put on trial. Her counsel pleased j "autre fols acquit" that Is, "acquitted onk another occasion" and Insisted that It vrii a. constitutional mandate that no nerson'ij life should be twice in jeopardy for the sam i offense. The court decided against this Dlea. butl upon removVl or, the question to the SupremlM court it was decided that there must be sJi overruling necessity to Justify the dlscharf i of a Jury in a criminal case, and that thW necessity was not shown nt th frlaVl 'The Jurora were not discharged becauHjl nicy wu uimsr uciuai, sunerlngs, out PTJ reason of a fear that they might uffr.'"1 kcbiucb, nam mo court, me ancient Enr la 1 in.iuuto ui uspriving jurors of meat, drift a ana cnuir wan not In force In Pen eiivuiun, una me lurorn rnnM hav h supplied vwltt everythinaf'they. needed.; imimu .puniannxm. Jalnnim Cli u NUMliW Kv k I isasnsona.no' IWrKUt
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers