k0 Vi v, r EVENING iLEDGEBr-PHILADEEPHIA, TUESDAY, JUIiT 10, 1917 8 J I it- IK' ft I !" r t V ' UTRATx ueningj merger PUBLIC LEDGElt COMPANY emus ii. k. cunna, ritixT Charlea K. Ludlntton. Vice rreetdentt John C. Martin. Becreterr and Treaeureri Philip S. Colllni, John II. Wllltame, John J. Bpurnon. I. H. Whaler. Dlreetora. KDITOItlAIi HOARD! Cries 11. K. Ccstii,, Chairman. T. II. WHALET Editor JOHN C. MAnTm.. General Buelneea lUmtir ' XuMlahed dallr at PcaLIO I.tMil Bulldlnr. Independence Square, Philadelphia. X.ID01 CiirnuL,,. Broad and Cheatnut Streets ATLAHTia Citt. rr.i-Union Dultdlnr Niw Toik..... 208 Metropolitan Tower DnaoiT K 403 Ford rtulMlns; Br. Loots IOCS Fullerton null line ClllCioo '. 1202 Tribune- Uulldlns NEWS BUREAUS: WiinisaiOK IlcKiiij Rlare Bulldlni Kiw Toac DcaiiD Th Tfmee Uulldlns BiauH Urano so Frledrlchetraasa Loxdon Beano. . . Marronl House, strand Plan Doing 82 )lu Louie la urand SUBSCRIPTION TERMS . The Erasmo Ltnaia la aerred to eubeerlbera In Philadelphia and surrounding towne at tha Cte et twelve (12) canta par week, parable tha carrier. Br mall to poind outalda of Phlladalphta, In tha united mated, Canada or United Btatee poe eaelona. poet era free, flrtr (50) rente per month. BU (10) dollara per rear, payable In dranc. To all fore In countrlei on (II) dollar per month. Nonce Subscribers wlehlnr addreea chanted BBuet sir old aa wall u new addrees. BtlX.I0 WALNUT KEY3TOWE. MAIN 1000 eJeT JLddtttt all commvmlcaKoae (a fivmlnti lAMeer, ndeprnaenee Sttuart, rhUaJelpMa. KTiiiD at Tm rniMDiLrnu rosrornca i atcono-cuea hail unii. PkUidJpkl.,Toe.l.7. Julr 10, 1117 OURTOTEEESS CITIZENS MOBILIZE MllUS -week the nation undertakes tlio 1 1 J- mobilization of Its women. It Is ro 1 feted that when tha second Sciplo, by force and guile combined, had won his. sjray Into herolcuCarthage, to the defense of which -the women had dedicated even the hair from their heads, the leader of ' the Carthaginians, kissed the feet of the ' Invader, but his unconquorablo wife, Booming servitude, reproached him for his conduct even as sho flung her chil dren and herself -Into trjo flames of a burning temple. The burden borne by- women In war ta part of whatever glorious history there 'is In war; but this Is the first time, wo bellove, that a groat republic, at the be ginning of a conflict, has undertaken to ' emroll and mobilize the feminine part of the population and place definitely on Us shoulders responsibility for the success ful exercise of ono of the most Important functions of belligerency. To such a recognition of woman's rights and duties as a full citizen have wo come in the but few years. The theory that the housewife la the woman of fundamental importance In this orlsts, and that through her oxerclse of conomy will come the chief contribution of the sex to tho prosecution of the war Is sound, but not sufllclently comprehensive. That she will save millions In money and thousands In lives by frugality goes with out Baying. The waste of the American kitchen is n proverbial reproach from which at last we are about to free our selves. Yet It Is not only as regulator of food consumption that woman as sumes enormous importance. Tomorrow the nation may need, say, its elevator boys on tho front. Thero Is delicate machinery used In tho making of munitions which a woman's better than a man's hands can manipulate. The surgeons at the front and at home are helpless without nurses. These are physical works to which other nations have already called their women. But even they are subordinate to the spiritual function of women in war times; for the latter are, In fact, the backbone of the country's determination. The wife who gives her husband to tho cause and the mother who donates her sons to the field are the spiritual pillars of the whole structure of war. Without their encouragement and ap , proval mutiny might readily ralso its , head. The man may live with soul so . dead that he does not love his natlvo land, but home spells enthusiasms In a woman's breast euoh as few men have ver known. It Is the thing that she has made and Into the fabric of which she has woven her very bolng. She will not give It up, nor will she hold In her heart anything but scorn for husband or son who falls to defend with mind and muscle that possession. We have said that this Is a woman's war because In It she has proved her light to full citizenship, and because her future rests In a successful termination of It The Government unofficially but surely puts Its seal of approval on that view. It mobilizes the women because it knows that It cannot win without them. The event is a definite .milestone in tho history of woman's progress, and means that her emancipation In the United States, Including Pennsylvania, Is defl nltely assured. A 8IIORTAGE OF SAILORS UNFAM1X.IA.IUTY with "a wet sheet and a flowing sea" barred a number of ambitious young men from entry Into the Government's navigation school for merchant marine officers Inaugurated at the Franklin Institute last night Corre spondence systems for studying and in terpretlng the smiles and frowns of old Neptune play no part In Uncle Sam's strictly practical curriculum. "Moby Dick," "The Cruise of the Cache. Jot," "Captains Courageous" and "Two Years Before the Mast" may be master pieces Instinct with accuracy, but as text books they are herewith flatly discredited. Life two years of Its Invaluable lessons upon the high seas Is the prime en trance qualification In the present Instance. The ruling Is wise, but Its very soundness serves to emphasize our long continued neglect of the art of seafaring. Time was, notably Just previous to th Qtil VTsW, , WtHifl aMUer tfcGtJSaVttds Of W Msrl COUM ence" on their mntrlculatlon cards. Had Pennsylvania not interrupted her main tenance of the Stato schoolshlp, at least a portion of such material would now bo nt hand. Kven tho less brilliant pupils, with two years' maritime training behind them, could havo been easily turned out as competent ofllcers for the vast new merchant fleet which America must man. Captain Hnrgeant, ono of our local steamboat Inspectors, Insists that there aro still "scores of practical men who aro good tlnjbcr from which to make masters and mates." Tho quantity of rejections, however, furnishes the dark sldo of tho story and reads a stern lesson to a Stato and city pre-eminent In shipbuilding, yet lamentably delinquent In the equally lm portant field of ship-sailing. SAMMEKS" IS RIGHT w 11 r IU3IU3 did tho nnme "Sammr-es" come from? The ntiHwer Is found in tho following cablo dispatch from our correspondent In Paris: The war correspondents nicknamed the American soldiers "Hammecs." General 1'ershlng has made It oinclal. He has told me that he thinks tho namo satis factory. ncn before tlio first American troops reached Franco tlio War Correspondents' Association dlscunsed tlio nicknames for the soldiers of Undo Sam. All the troops havo nicknames; they Just nbout havo to havo them Eerbody knows tho English soldier Is culled "Tommy " Tho French fighting man ban como to be colled "Pollu, from IiIh hairy appearance after he has had u few days of fighting with no tlmo to fliavr. Even tlio Her mans have been glcti nicknames, with a kind of soldierly affection for tho enemy. They nro called "Fritz " A good many names were proposed for tlio Americans. Some suBKcsted "Ynnkeo," hut that was rejected, because thero was a tlmo when nil Americans were not "VHnkccs " I finally proposed "Snmmeo." Tho Americans tiro nil sons of Undo Sam. , When I tried to Interview General Perahlng ho first Interviewed me, asking tho origin of the nleknamo "Sammee." I told him l had suKKestcd It "I think it I tho beat namo that could be found." said tho Ooncral "I like It and tho men will llko It It Just (Its. It Is most satisfactory, and I nm sure It Is tho. namo hy which our troops will be known for the rest of tho war and afterward " The nickname that has nlready become historic was coined by Ilonrl Bazln. WE WILL NOT FEED OUR ENEMIES Wn ANTICIPATE excellent rcHUltB from tho food embargo, whether It Is mado nbsoluto temporarily or not. It will enable the Government to discover Just what our present resources nro, nnd it will prevent tho monstrous abuses of which somo of our neutral customers havo been guilty. Both Norway nnd Sweden havo been fruitful sources of supply for Germany. They have bought everything they could get their hands on nnd have even denied their own people In order to get German gold nnd largo profits. The case of Holland calls, on the other hand, for careful consideration. The pecu liar circumstances of that nation, which has been compelled to keep an aimy of 600,000 men in tho Hold and feed thou sands of Belgian refugees, account to somo extent for an IncrcaBo in importa. tlons. In addition, It Is Imperative that Holland get coal from Germany, her solo source of supply, nnd she must give some thing in return. Nor can any American forget that Holland nurtured free instltu. tlons in centuries when tho rest of tho world was tied to tyranny. And it is Holland that prevents Germany from using Antwerp as a marine base. Wo trust that some means can be found to supply Holland with her nbsoluto needs, with proper assurances that no Importa tions will pass through to Germany. We published yesterday an nppcul from Prof. Edouard Claporade, tho famous psychologist of the University of Geneva, In which he says, "Wo cannot believe that the United States will abandon us In this crisis." Geneva nnd South Switzer land aro thoroughly pro-Ally. North Switzerland, on tho other hand, is pro German. Our correspondent In Franco points out that his Investigations prove that from this latter section every ounce of food that could be spared has been Bent to Germany. But Switzerland, too, has been compelled to mobilize her army nnd is one of tho citadels of democratic institutions. Sho and Holland, however, as well as other neutrals, must under stand that no one pound of our products shall go to the Teuton. It Is up to them to furnish the proper guarantees. So only can wo feed them. Let us nil soldier In some way but not on our Jobs. Tho Pekln that China's boy Em peror got was all ho got. The denial of passports to wives of officers of our forces In France brings "The Girl I Left Behind Me" strictly up to date as a war song. No doubt things aro muddled and all that, but tho fact remains that the first two districts in the United States to Bend their complete registration lists to Washington were the Second and Thirty, second, of Philadelphia. Given the proper terminal facilities, there Is no limit to tho volume of for eign trade that will pass through Phila delphia. We are In the very Infancy of terminal development and the port that Is widest awake will get the melqn. It was about time for the Govern ment to Investigate the moral surround ings of training stations and camps. The country does not expect miracles, but It does expect its youth to have somo pro tection against the vice venders who fasten themselves on every army. What difference does It make If the Constitution Is stretched a bit now and then by the Governor? Lawlessness In high office has been a characteristic of our Government for many weary years, and will continue to be so long as we have government by the gang Instead of government by the people. The P. It. T. continues to Increase Its profits white the city waits. The plan for rapid transit was" based on the expec tation that the city would get returns frpm the great growth of the community. However, the company Is squeezing all the Juice out of the fruit. Three years ago $600,000 would, have assured the full co operation of the company A few months ago U,500,W)0 was sufficient By the time tto pKr rdy to make a lease- twice llisi fjjjjeiep' m? the '"' T eeex- BUSINESS OF MAKING WAR Congressmen Have to Take n Back Seat While the Depart ments Organize the Coun try for Conflict Dy JAMES M. BENNETT Sitnlvg LtJger Staff Corretpondtnt WASHINGTON. Juty " THE nation's capital In the tlmo of war! With tho crushing of Prusslanlsm and the placing of democracy on tho throno of world affairs as their object, thounands upon thousands of Americans are here In tho city of the scat of tho Government, f True, many como In search- of tho "dirty, delusive dollar," but tho majority Amer icans nil, nre In Washington to show their patriotism. Tlio crank nnd tho Job-seeker aro here In hordes, but they get little attention. Washington Is too busy. Americans are going In for tho bigger nnd tho better things that tho world has to offer. Old King Iloozo Is toppling on his throne, and a sober, thinking, strong, working forco of Americans Is crowding In to help the country In Us time of need. Soldiers and sailors are everywhere. Thoro's no class distinction In the big holds, tho fashionable restaurants nnd the theatres The enlisted man rubs elbows with the officer of high rank, nnd nil men, of nil nrms of tho service, aro regarded an equals. The Flag Is Everywhere And the Flag "your Flag nnd my Flag'" It floats over tho Capitol and It files from the homes of tho rich and It waves proudly from tho windows of tho hovels In tho alleys In the poorer sections of tho city that Is throbbing with the tush of war Never In Its long, long history has Washington been fco busy. If you havo business here, prepare yourself for n stay of several days If you want to see any ono of Importance In the administra tion of public affairs. And the higher up tho individual with whom you havo busi ness the morn dothlng you are nchlscd to pack Into your grip, for you will be hero several days If you aro determined to "get tlio ear" of the heads of depart ments. In many Instances appointments nro inndo days nliead and then It happens they uro postponed If the pressure of Immediate business Is too great "Folks back homo" havo ,1 traditional belief that "our Congressman" has that mysterious thing called "pull," nnd enn do wonderful things when It comes to "putting matters over" nnd Inducing hends of do partments nnd chiefs of bureaus to listen with an nttcntlvo nnd heeding ear to their plnns, which include everything from de vices to crush the U-boat menace to pro viding n new style of washer for Gov ernment nutomoblles. "Our Congressman" has lost much of his "drag." He's as suave us ever. Ills hand Is eager to grasp tho fist of it friend from tho "Eleventh Ward," but when It comes to the real work of "making the higher-ups do things" "our Congressman" occupies a back scat Tho President, his Cabinet tho various boards nro running the war. "Our Congressman" gets his opportunity to voto on various bills. Ho still has tho right to make speeches and have thorn printed In tho Congressional Record He's bUBy writing letters to Cabinet chiefs and oven to tho President Tho typewriters of tho secretaries to tho Congressmen click merrily ns theso men wrlto something like this: "I havo tho honor to Introduce Mr. , ono of our leading citizens and party workers. Ho wants " Then fol lows what tho constituent "wants." But does ho get It? Ho has about as much chanco ns the Belgian nrmy had of stop ping tho Germans. Patronage Letters Unopened I was In the ofllco of n high ofllclal a day or two ago when ho pointed to a pile of letters on a table. They wcro tied with nice red tape. They wero from "our Con gressman" from all parts of the country. Not ono had been opened. "Why," said the ofllclal, "If I opened all the.letters that camo from Congressmen I would hae to hlro a couplo more secre taries." And bo, "our Congressman." true patriot that ho Is, doesn't "cut much Ice " War Is taxing the nerves of newspaper men and giving them tho battle of their lives right hero In Washington. Secrecy, necessary to the safety of American forces, has tested their patriotism. And they have not been found wanting. News Is difficult to obtain. Hours often pass while newspaper correspondents "cool their heels" In outside olllces and some times chat with stenographers while they wall for Interviews with high officials. What nro tho fruits In many cases of theso long hours of waiting and tests of patience? Often they nro "rewarded" with a curt nod of tho head, sometimes with a loutl "no" and occasionally with "I'm Borry, but I can't Utile about that" Rival News Bureaus Then tho newspaper men aro "on the firing line" of a "war" between some of tho departments George Creel's commit tee on public Information doesn't "hand out" all tho "dope." There's a tangle with tho Stato Department Secretary Lansing passes out Kls own Information to tho writers. Secretaries Daniels and Baker continue to worn wun tno Committee on Public Information, but It's all like a Ger man trench In France "no ono knows how long it will hold." And In all tho hurly-burly comes the Job seejicr. Tho Government needs throngs and throngs of workers, but many who think Uncle Ssm can't get nlong without them como hero, stay a few days, or, In n word, they "blow In, blow up and blow out" ; broke, It la true, but "sadder and wiser" men. What of the wealthy men who have dropped their big affairs and hastened to Washington to help their country? Hun dreds of them are hero, earning nothing, asking but ono thing a chanoo to place their wealth, their tlmo and their talents at the service of tho nation. These are the men who have heeded America's call and remembered that High and low, all must got Hark to the shout of war! CAPTAIN JOHN PAUL JONES Cap'n Paul Jones was a Britisher born ; he hailed from the Solway shore. But he struck a Bnag with his folks at home, as many have done before ; He shook the old land's dust from his feet and he gave her a piece of his mind. And he never knew that) he'd somehow left a bit 01 ma neari uenina. Carn Paul Jones was a skipper of fame, and a darned good sallorman too, And a bit of a bucko, as I've heard tell. In the way he handled his crew ; He learned 'em to drill, and he learned em to shoot, and to Jump at the word of command. The same as he knew how they learned 'em to do in the ships of his native land. Cap'n Paul Jones was a Britisher born, though he changed his flag and his namo. In his Bapger frigate he led us a dance, but we honor him all the same ; We used to call him a pirate then, for he certainly wasn't our friend, But he sailed and he fought as a Britisher should, which Is what matters most In the epd. Cap'n Paul Jones was a Britisher born, which Is why, now the time la come, He knows the tug of the Solway tide, and the rattle of Drake's old drum, He Is back to the sea, In the old, old way, a sallorman smart and bo! And the flag of the TUntm.mlm'M May by tne nB "si n aRjjnpoM ooa. C. jrosHbwith, In the Lnifpi itstor. Tom Daly's Column YOU know what Monday Is, of course, and how uninspiring tho desk or the workbench looks when you have hung up your hat nnd coat to begin another week's sitting in with it. If, then, hav ing momentarily forgotten tho young woman of elghty-clght who won your poetry contest last week, you should find In your Monday mall such a note as this: B2B East Willow Grove Avenue, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pa. July 7, 1017. Dear Mr. Daly I desire to return to you my sincere thanks for tho piece of gold sent me for my contribution to the "column." Also for the kind expression of commendation by yourself nnd the Judge as to my humble effort. It Is an other bright spot In the pathway of one who Is nearlng tho end of the Journey. Wishing for you nil of the best things in life, I nm Very sincerely yours, , KMZA D HAND Wouldn't you Just naturally seize your mandolin and, without pausing to tuno It too particularly, burst nt onco into Bong. . TO A DI7A.R Ohl) LADY Thank pou for your uHshra, iladaml "Al of life's brut thlnus," you sayt I am certain you liavi' had 'cm, lie your aniurr what it may. For, thouyh all things chr forsahe one. Though one scrm the toy of fate, Those arc "life's best things" that make one Youthful yet at elghty-clght. Have your years been toiliomc, pleasant. Gray or uoldt I only know All your past has made your present Glorious uHth the sunset's glow. Blessings on your splendid spirit. Merry mistress of your fatel Vray that I may live to merit Hall your youth at eighty-eight. "Why do you spell Brusslloff with tvo 'h's'?" miked a correspondent fccntly, nnd ono of our bright editorial young men replied, "Because he docs " But that Isn't exact. Thero nro about a dozen variants (Brusllof, Brussllof, Brusllov, Brussllov, Brusllow, Brussllow, Brnus allow, Brnusllov, Bruussllof, Braus slloff), but tho gentleman himself prefers "Brnussllow." Wc gather this from tho reproduction of IiIh autograph in "Russia of Yestci day nnd Tomorrow" by Baroness Soulny, whose ancestors, wo'll bet n cookie, wcro In tho habit of spelling that namo with nn S, one w, three e's, an n and a y. Economize on tho wheat (lour, says the Government, nnd uso corn meal. That will he no hardship at all for some of us, and for many It will bo an Intrc ductlan to a new nnd unsuspoctcd bless ing. Wo frequently heard tho late Tom Mnrtlndalo tell of tho annual barrol of corn meal his father was In the habit of buying to keep tho family through the winter and it was about all they had. We ourself havo often yearned for a slab of the hoccako served to us for breakfast on Mondays, Wednesdays nnd Fridays tho year round when wo wero at boarding school, Iang, lang syno. Tom Martlndalo was a sturdy and active citizen up to tho day of his tragic death In tho Alaskan wilds last year,' nnd If corn meal mado him what he was, by all means let us feed It to our young. TUB SONO THAT XnVER D777S IVic income and her handsome lover Bang a song of love, fleeting youth and roics. I was touched, I sighed, I almost choked, I left the theatre whistling the thing. When, to my annoyance, I quickly dis covered That I was whistling something else, tico years old. Oh, sweet familiar melodies of liroadwayl I've known you all since youth. Q. "That man Is not truly brave who is afraid either to seem or to be, when it suits him, n coward." Edgar Allan I'oo said that, but what wero the tiny wars of his day to this cataclysmal upheaval? Simple Arithmetic Bill says to Jack: "Got raised to $15 yesterday. Jack." Jack says to BUI: "Attaboy! Bully for you." Some tlmo later Bill says to Jack: "Got raised to twenty last week." Jack says to BUI: "Glad to hear It. You sure do served It." Later Bill says to Jack: "Gettln' twon-"Twenty-fl'7 "Boss Jacked ty-fl' now." Jack says: For you?" Then ono day Bill ays: me tip to thirty last Friday. Jack says: "Zazzo? Lucky stiff! " Q. At what point did Bill's salary pass Jack's? TOITNO coun.n AUK WKI.COMI 1) IIV FltlKNDS Mr. and Mrs. Blckel Have Come Up From Birmingham for a Time Head In o. o. d, p. Whadymean "tlmo"? Bordentown, across the river, bursts out with a pageant today. It's an Interest ing old town. Joseph Bonaparte, King of Spain, once lived there. (Madrid papers please copy.) Qulcn sabe? A BONO OF 'TOXIO Eet was an Irish Maggie Dat catch my hearta first, An' mak' et jomp eensida me Bo like eet gona burst, Dough ten my breast leas seengln' birds. My domba tongue was steell, Baycause I had not Anglalce words ror tal her how I feel; She's gon', for dat I had not words For tal her how I feel. Now corn's Italian Itosa For mak? me love her more. Da leetla birds eensida me Beeng louder dan bayore. But, dt I am so sadda manl My domba tongue eet steell; I have no words Italian . For tal her how I feel; Jfot even words Italian For tal her how I feel. The transit of Will Lou from Lebanon to New York brightened this office on Saturday morning. "On my way to the summer school at Columbia University," said he "I expect to take one course under John Dewey and I'm .undecided about the second, although I'm consider ing a course In versification under Dr. W. M. Patterson. I am particularly im pressed by the fact that, according to the catalogue, 'a special laboratory has been arranged for experiment in this course.' " ' Rferrlej, possibly, to tit pfecw vhews timnnqheulsaaw In verse tauasaj tfaa pV t4 puts 'em totVatfcer (. fiHSwTH -..rTMiairtaMsSarMKalHK-fi" BSSSaaKZt-im&x3jFrj-c !ftaimii- . i.I '2ZJXluliP(finLi J'' nm .L LTl " iOl i- 117" TROUBLES OF THE MODERN SPY German Agents Made Many Er rors of Judgment Impor tance of Watching Cables rniii;nn are 100,000 German spies on JU United States soil," said Mr. Overman, on tho floor of tho Sonate, In urging the passage of tho espionage bill. Ho would havo proved his point Just as well If ho had said there were half a dozen really clover spies In the country. Spy fevers havo swept through lhigland and France, and nine tenths of tho effort used to rout out the hidden foes was wasted because It empha sized tho mere number of tho spies and did not specialize on the two essential "leaks" the getting of Information and tho transmitting of It to Berlin. It may do us no harm If there are 100,001) spies In our midst, but one wireless plant concealed In the heart of tho Catskllls or lit that most obscure place of all, the roof of a city building, would do harm enough. Thero nro two kinds of German spies, who may be called "military" and "psycho logical." Tho first have to get Information of immediate value and transmit it as swiftly as possible. The second can be more leisurely In sending their reports, and, judging from their past work, we can hope that Germany has many thousands of psychological spies at work here. It Is the business of these men and women to Judgo tho temper of the communities they Investigate nnd predict what the people would do In various eventualities. For ex nmple, Germany had spies all over Ireland before tho war. They told Prince Llchnow skv. tho German Ambassador at London. that Ireland would rise in revolution the moment England declared war. So the Prince told the Kaiser that he could count on England's being unable to take a large part In a general war, torn as she would be by Internal dissension. Spies Who "Fako" News LIchnowsky had a waiter and a governess working In County Cork. They reported that southern Ireland was a network of revolutionary plots But the Irish, after tho Identification of the spies, showed that waiter nnd governess had "loafed on the Job " They were paid for sending reports to the German embassy, and they had to send something. It they had Bald there was no plot there would have been no more work for them to do. And their superior, the German agent who directly employed them, thought he would have lost his Job if he had nothing to tell the Ambassador. So that by the time the reports were as sembled in the Berlin intelligence office they were magnified beyond recognition. Thus psychology "double-crossed" the psy chologists, and when the Prince went back to Berlin he was disgraced for not having foreseen that the Irish problem would not tear the British empire asunder. Bernstorff was similarly accused on his return to Berlin. He was told that his agents should have given him more correct reports upon opinion in America, but there was not much need of agents in his work of sizing up the United States. The news papers told him every day everything he would want to know about American senti ment. Military Secrets Learned But though the German psychology 'spies have failed, their military spies seem to have earned their wages. The rapid ad vance of the Prussians through Belgium and France wag facilitated by phone and signal sent by men and women who had never been suspected of German origin. The efficiency with which the system with all Its ramifications worked was due to the excellence of the German consular of ficers throughout the world. The consuls kept In close touch with the Germans with in their Jurisdiction. On being forced to leave at the outbreak of war they delegated to unsuspected agents the bualness of espionage. Thero Is thus a "aerman consulate" In Philadelphia today, without doubt, In pos session of all the documents left by the offi cial who departed In February. Hew would It send Information out of the country? Following the method adopted In other countries, the sgency wouU oqwiub!ci east wit 9n avt la hmm1 I ( ssaUai, A saaat ssspWW Manse 'tr "jwn laiaMBuMicBBavv su maoesss IF message, such as "Am well" or "Close the deal," meaning that a certain number of troops wore about to sail. Thousands of messages of this kind left England In the early days of the war. But this Bort of Bpylng Is short-lived. Rules concerning tho sending of cables become stricter. "Peter Brown" Is nsked to prove his Identity. He must bring a witness to tho cable office to establish his Americanism and tho bona-fldo nature of his Message. The moment the new re striction Is enforced the spies drop this method of communication, for thoy take no chances unless they have to Private wireless Is nn obvious device, and tho tlmo Is probably near at hand when every hamlet In the land will be search ing neighboring woods on tho report that "suspicious characters" havo been seen thereabouts. It will be no simple matter, however, for Bples to rig up temporary wireless plants able to flash messages 2000 miles out to sea. We have not yet come to tho era of "pocket wireless" capable of dif fusing knowledge far around the earth's curve. More feasible than wirelessing from United States soli would be the estab lishment of a huge wireless plant In Mex icouseless, however, If telegrams to points south of the Rio Grande nre rigorously cen sored and their would-be senders scrutin ized nnd forced to prove their Identity. Spies in tho Service Once the telegraph and cable are shut down there can bo no leeic except through the work of spies or traitors In the service of the Government. There has been much talk about the "planting" of spies In foreign armies and navies by the German Government years before the war started. Even today England Is exercised over re ports that alt the men on her warships and merchantmen are not British. It Is pos sible that there are some spies In our services. But tho conrolatlon wo can enter, tain concerning this Is the fact that oppor tunities for sending news would be so exceedingly rare. Wireless operators are under tho direction of trustworthy officers ana cannot Bena out personal calls when they have a mind to, The one real menace would be a spy or traitor In the War or Navy Department whose business It would be to gain Informa tion about plans to mature some time In the future. The Government Is at last awake to this possibility, and dismissals of clerks and others suspected of having a hyphenated past can be expected to go ahead at double speed, now that It Is believed that the Ger mans knew Just where and when to look for the American transports In mldocean. THE SANDBAG CAVES OF VENICE In other cities, when aerial bombardments take place, the citizens run for safety Into underground cellars and storeplaces. But as Is well known. Venice has no cellars nor underground places. Around the houses and below the houses there Is water. One can hardly dig a few feet below the surface anywhere without coming to water. For this reason the ground floors of the houses are made of cement so as to be Impermea ble to water ; but should any flaw or crack appear in them the water Boon discovers It and comes bubbling up through It. Venice thus lacking underground cellars, a substl tute had to be found for them Fortunately It possesses many Btrongly arched passages' and in these the authorities have provided' what e called luoghl dl rlfuglo (places of refuge). They are built of wood and sand bags. They have been constructed in every quarter of the city, and signboards on every corner point out the way to them. And so, when the watchmen sound the alarm on their trumpets, the people, like those of old. flying from the avenger of blood, can run Into these refuges and be safe.-lchristian Herald. NATIONAL POINT OF VIEW T,h average woman finds it Imposslbl. to combine a high brow with a low neck--Blnghamton Press. ' necx A conscription of all valets for more use- fuJ..?'niM r"JSW Jot wdrry ,he mo" of us a bit Naahvllle Banner. New York city Is more sensitive than la generally supposed. She hastily withdrew her horse-drawn street cars from service Juit before the arrival of the delegates to the Press Humorists' convention Rochea. ter Post-Express. Oregon hop dealers fear the food-control bill will ruin them, which was the line of to U sw yey, 1 :- tmtnrrMts .P-J"-.' What Bo You Know? QUIZ 1. Where Is I-eraberit, the objtctlre el t new Rnaalan adinnce? 2. Who Is president of the Senate? S. After whom Is Cape Mnr nnmed? 4. Hr what majority of the electoral eele tw Ilutherford U. Haifa elected TjMm when lie ran aisln.U Bamnel J. TIM 5. What ateamshlp laid the nrnt Atlutkw ble? 0. What word do the Fntlleh leneraUrwte deerribe raolaaeea? 7. Who la the preaent Kins of Denmark! 8. What do the French call tbelr Miesst (ormed lorantnrmenT 0. Who nre the Mennonltes? in. What I lh P.nfjitnh9 'I Answers to Yesterday's Quit I. There nre three American. TcrrlUrlrtl Alaeka, Hawaii and Porto Rica. 2. Tho motlnr of tho nounlr oecorrol ell Ilrltleh (.hip of that name near the ten Pea leland of Tnhltl In 1789. The . nerra, tinder Fletcher, set thn,captu HI eighteen of tha crew adrift In ai eij boat, then took Tahltlan wlree aal tied In I'ltCAlm leland, some ISMailiNt the enuthnr.it. where their dewentw Mill dwell todar. JIanr jeara aiue w mnllnr Enaland took the little cents wealth under her protection. 3. William Henry Harrison. Zacharr TwVj Abraham Lincoln. Jamea A. Garncla ft Wllllntn MrKlnlex were the AnerVH I'reeldent who died In onlce. 4. The Oreat Wall of China nearlrfelleil tl ... in atinntVnl.literesM tVIOIIff M e-ntS Aat-n Mtl4leiBi a fnttv tiaenfrin' JtA. II 1 I iie'i freed maveeievre mi ivui 'vvaiei 1 -- . m about WOO mllea Ions and wae berM 214 II. C. aa a defense atalnst aertkall trlhra. 8. Tho rarls naetlle wae stormed on Jelr it 17HO. 6. Inrnnabiila are edltlona of books aal w Inns that antedate the Teor IS00. n word Is the plnral of the Latin " liniam, meaning cradle. 7. The Index flmer la the first flnrer, K, Senator Chamberlain la from Omen. 8. "Lamina llncaae" l "a elln of tha tenn " 1 Tho wonin are I.atln. 10. I'hornli la the capital of Arizona. !l TAnTIIAflR MTTfiT HR DESTROY!! mimouail twentv-one centuries the ct -Lot a great phrase has rung down thjj ages and has been repeated today In amended form. "Carthage must be stroyed" has become "Prussian mllltarl must be destroyed." The world could M hold both the Roman and the Carthatl" Ideas of civilization at the same time. t day It cannot hold civilization and Pr elanlsm at the same time. One rauit P under. Thus the ancient formula. PpW more or less Inappropriately to every sto tlon that has arisen in the world pagan days, has at last come into It f In a situation similar to that which W me civilization oi wie oeuwuu . . fore Christ. . -J The two civilizations of Rome and i-. thage did not clash until Z6 u. v. f- the settling of southern Italy which brow", the republlo 'Into contact with tha wf. thagtnlans, who had seized Sicily. At "' end of a twenty-three-year war the ruw ....... ..... .r Clz-llv nnA nnM tha ROR"P a large sum of money There was a deep evil, however. In the Carthaginian BWJ man mat oi imperialism. iui , r inl the African coast metropolis the hlghnwnj standard of Rome, which Improved ua countries subdued by the republic, ws" Carthage touched she seems to have decte Her troops were barbarian merctnari Her best citizens sought only t 2 riches. Her religion was Ignoble and cru . . ,..- .... ba tw ine scconu x-uniu wr .. mendoua.onslaught of Hannibal, who MM" to revenge the defeat which his native m had undergone. Hannibal crossed tMr defeated the Romans on Italian soil " brought Rome to the brink of ruin. But " conqueror did not follow up his iu,cc,e,!7. and his troops were finally compelled nj treat. By the Roman victory at Zamfc ?-' B. C the enemy was overthrown and cer fined to Its African possessions. m ..- 4...aIai.4 In Tlima Is UK. next half century, while the republlo . .... ! ..u.M Iaim. II e recovering i "", ri.u, against this party that Marcus VotcVitOm hii.d Me tirades. He insiated that CartWW be leveled. Every speech he delivered lk T .-, flsflHtft tit And fed WltA I HO AVVeltna ewawse- .- .- - - formula "Carthage must be destroyta, .... , far tha Idea, was removed I the subject matter of hl oration. H. his way ana in j tne cur w v and ejearoye4. It was detroy4 !. Saw Mtfau uavrk Uat sits I tm wm sestMf'is been the N' or Jasi Vm i l . C o ( "-'-liirrfieliilt'BfJ'"l"-''-jjai- - ' ,t .atat.i . iij i . Ui .... i
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers