DELPHI . ' ii h I IfcVi :f. &--V .. 5 A '6 SK' ' Vy riv (?. w.. V. "- r ,. , . m m t i w ,r. .&.'. hMW. && 'ft s 't ') &.? t . I. 1 -, -i t UcHger PUBLIC LEDGER COMPANY emus li. k. cunTts, nnioiKT lea If. Ludlnaton. Vie President! John artln, Secretary and Treasureri Philip B. m. jann m. Williams, jonn j. hi JohnH. Williams, John J. Bpuraeon, 1'. 'naisr, uireciors. ' EDITORIAL BOAIlDi Cries It IC Ccitm, Chairman. f. K. WHALET Editor JOHN C. 1LUVTIN... General Business Menaser Published dally at Fcauo Ijipom nulldlnf. Independence Square, 1'hlladelphla. Lenin Comit,,.., Broad and Chestnut Btreets ArUNTio C'iti frets-Union Dulldlnn ?tw Tfosal 200 Metropolitan Towar DrtwilT .........403 Ford Buddies; St. Lotus.. 409 OUbt-Drmocral Uullum- CBKUQO, 1202 Tribunt Building NEWS DUIIEAUS! WaiBtNaTon Dcauu nitse Bulldlnr jfsjw Toik Odiuu The Timet Bulldlnc BaiUN Bcauu.. 00 Frledrlchstrasse London IICH4D Marcont Home, strand Tt.un BuuiD 82 Itu Louis la Grand SUBSCRIPTION TERMS The Etisiko Limn la aervtd to subscribers In Philadelphia and surrounding: towns at tho rata of. twelve (12) cents per week, payable to the carrier. Br mall to points outelde of Philadelphia. In the United States, Canada or United States poe sessions, postage free, fifty (90) cents per month. 812 (IS) dollars per rear, parable In advance. To all foreign countries one (tl) dollar per anonth. Notici Subscriber wishing address chanced Bust aire old aa well aa new address, BELL. IMP WAiyVT XETSTONE, MAIN MOO sT" Address oil communications to Evening Ledger, Independence 8 quart, Philadelphia. Mmrzdo it TBI rmt.iDit.rnH ro.Torrfee is SZC0ND-CU4S Will. W1TTIS. THB AVERAOH NET PAID DAILT CDV CULATION OP THE EVENINO LEDGER VOR FEimUARY WAS BS.J73 rhllid.lpl.il, FtlJ.r, Mirth 16, 1517 If leather Is so scarce), why. not de erease the) three-story women's shoes to brxngalav height? Calamities) never cease. The Civil JaMcu. through old blue laws, has topped tb sal of lea cream on Sunday In Bhrpperaitrarg. Pa. The-appointment ot "Big- Bill"- Ed Wards aa collector of Internal revenue Is a good appointment. Ills; Btll" could collect from anybody, even the Sultan. The Mayor is not tn favor of a Podunlc convention hall for Philadelphia, hot why stop at 12,000? When ws want ft convention hall ws want a convention hall, and that means a building capable of seating a real crowd. Next thing we know, somebody will be proposing a sta dium to scat 6000. When the President decided to make his doctor an admiral that ended It As'an Independent body of statesmen the Senate Is an excellent recording sec rotary. But If an admiral doctor can keep the President In better health than a mere passed assistant surgeon, then the coun try will feel reconciled to the change. We suspect that the railroads of the United States aro going to be oper ated l'f It takes the entire United States army to turn tho trick. The gentlemen wltht an Issue between them may as well recognize that In this matter tho people are going to have a say, and It Is going to be a say with a kick to It, If necessary. A head of cabbage cost a West Philadelphia housekeeper thirty-four cents. It was delivered by an automobile driven by a uniformed chauffeur and was wrapped In a fancy box. In addition to tho cost of rent, light and salesmanship, the woman had to pay for gasoline, chauffeur hire and wear and tear on tires. Half of the overhead expense would be eliminated If consumers carried their own food. In Virginia Carter Glass Is "reck oned one of the greatest statesmen the Old Dominion has given the world In modern times." By. "modern times" Is meant Blnce the Civil War. We do not know that this Virginian can tako the place of the President's son-in-law, for sons-in-law have ways all their own, but In the mere matter of financial statesman ship doubtless Mr. Glass Is In the McAdoo class. Senator Knox's approval of the proposed payment to Colombia, In spite of general opposition by his party, Is In spiring to Pennsylvanlans who have wanted to be represented In Washington by a man who does his own thinking and does It with a brain. Wo are not Inclined to accept his position as an entirely cor rect one, so far as the Instant case Is concerned, but when this eminent states man, with his extraordinary knowledge of diplomatic conditions and methods, brands the Jackass with an O. K we realize that it will take a powerful lot of argument to obliterate the brand. The Association for the Protection of Jewish Immigrants protests against the literacy test passed over the Presi dent's vetby the last Congress, The new Congress should repeal this obnox tous'measurc, which would keep out of the 1 country the very people that America was fctiettfitg p f Intended to welcome and protect. The ' . , .labor leaders who forced through the bill JT, rf .professed a desire to raise the standard B M a,.lAHl.H t... ..1...S( , . tt ui vuizciiBiujj uy catiuuing immigrants Hyiio could not read and write, but their 'Intention was only to exclude Immigrants t who could work and compete with their 'J followers. This Is Just the kind of selfish ;r provincialism which tho world war and' ' , the new1 sympathies it has created have eomed to disappearance In this country. The appeal of tse In charge of tkt ''feeblemindedness exhibit" at Harris- jHtr'sT should not .fall upon deaf ears in the '.XtsjlBiature. Ample appropriation should ill ssMLde for the segregating and hous- , of mentally incompetent women in the .fttXaurelton provided, by a former Wisiattire bu 'ico Ieft without flnan- Mptai jsroviston. "These women, left at I s inadequately protects, constl- which grows large with It? bftr etUMren, door work and homelike dwellings and surroundings, it is difficult to see why any faction a( Harrlsburg should oppose a liberal appropriation. RUSSIA BREAKS ITS CHAINS RUSSIA'S hour has struck! Tho agony of a thousand years has brought forth a nation. The revolution In.Petro grad may fall, but the revolution Is not confined to Petrograd. Forces havo been set in motion throughout tho empire which will make the old regime Impossi ble, oven though Russia has to accept an Incpncluslvo peace. A pcoplo has become a nation, a fact which transcends tho changing of the map of Europe. Russia has been the great mystery, tho unknown factor, from tho beginning of the war, due to something far deeper than contradictory news reports or misinter pretation of Russian history by tho west ern world. It is the Incalculable poten tialities of religion that make tho real mystery. Unlike their western allies, the Russian peoplo are moved primarily by religious Impulses, whoso ultlmato ro suits men cannot forecast in tho way that they analyze tho political manipulations of French Socialists and English finan ciers and foretell their developments. Tho Immediate causes of tho revolu tion lay In the actions of educated men In civic bodies the zemstvos which had united to bring order out of chaos In tho equipment of tho armies. Thcso local assemblies, aided by unions of workers, were determined to organize efficient methods and frustrate tho plots of reac tionary nobles who seek peace with Ger many. It was because tho Duma en couraged their efforts tlint It was sus pended. Thus tho revolt Is not local to Potrograd, which Is said to be controlled by S0.000 troops loyal to the Duma, but spreads throughout tho country through the efforts o't the provincial bodies. It Is an amazing reversal of tho classic prob lem of a strong central Government work ing for efllclcncy against tho laxity of democratlo forces It Is tho attempt to enforce efficiency by democracy against autocracy, a precarious and perilous un dertaking. All may depend on tho general officers In the field. If they believe tho tldo has turned against the reactionaries, they may work with the new Government with a vigor that will mean the end of Ger many's dream of a Russian collapse. If they believe there Is a chance to discredit the Duma before the peoplo, they may risk civil war, though It mean a weaken ing on the northern end of the line and retreat before the Germans; but this Is on the assumption that the ofllcors aro for the most part reactionary. That the War Office has had to consider publlo opinion has been shown by the success of the army operating against the Turks the lnfldels for that is an Intensely popular campaign, a holy war. However much the Government may have fiddled with a half-heartld campaign against tho Ger mans, It has not dared to let up on the Turks. The effect on England and France will bo momentous. It can bo safely predicted that even if the situation works out to a separate peace made by Russia, which Is improbable, England will not quit The release of. the German armies operating against Russia for action on the western front would probably mean that the entire army held in England for home defense would be shipped ncross the channel to restore the equilibrium of forces. One ominous feature is tho reor. ganlzation of German strategy on the western front, which has been Interpreted as a preparation for a German drive with nearly a million men. If so, has Hlnden burg been looking for that million to tho troops which he knew would soon bo able to retire triumphant from a Russia bent on peace with every one but Its own tyrants? SHIPS WANTED AMERICA'S contribution to tho causo xi of commerce by the Atlantic trade routes must sooner or later bo tho build ing of ships. As matters stand, our mer chant marine available for trade with England and Franco Is not largo enough to be of decisive aid to them by its activ ity or to be greatly missed in its lnactlv. tly. But it must always bo remembered that the submarine campaign Is launched against allied ships not only In tho hope of winning the war for Germany, but also to cripple the English merchant marlno so that shippers will depend on German vessels after tho war. This Is what the cry of tho English, "Ton for ton," means; that England will not make peace until the Germans Havo replaced or given tho equivalent of every ton they have sunk. But that will not help matters. For Germany, deprived of her ships, will still need ships after tho war, no matter what flag they may bo under. It Is a question of a huge net loss to the world's total tonnage. If Germany does not win, she Is at least assured of one revenge upon the whole world, unless America hastens to build. JShe will have placed an unprecedented, in somo cases a prohibitive, tariff on exports, through the agency of high freight rates. Reports from London say that the crippling of after-the-war trade is more seriously feared than possible starvation. A great shipbuilding campaign In Amer ica in the next year would do much to take the heart out of Germany. She can afford -to scoff at our armed ships and perhaps not take the troubje to sink them. But a more formidable threat would be a great merchant marine which, unarmed In ,tlme of peace, would rob Germany of that maritime supremacy to which she aspires 'by such barbarous methods. -Phllidtlphla, the most important ship. Mtuiag-oa(r.oi uie. country, has , no THREE PHASES OF HOME RULE First Religious, Then Agrarian and Now Religious Again. History of the Movement By EDWIN S. IMLSTON Former Herrelnry of the. County Armnnli Liberal Lnnd Law Iteforrn Association and former rarllamenlary Hocretarv of the Senior Mem ber of Parliament for County Armnnli. , IT IS dcplorablo that every time a set tlement of tho Irish question seems .In sight somo lnsupcrablo obstncio looms tip and delays It to soma unknown period In tho dim nnd distant future. .lust ns homo rula for Ireland had been guaranteed n fnlr trial after more than a ccnlury of hitter nnd ncrlmonous debates tho Kuropean war broke out. Then. In the Judgment of former Premier Asaulth and his Cabinet, It was considered best not to attempt to iut homo rulo Into Immediate effect, nnd It was necejsnrlly postponed. To many peoplo this decision seemed rea sonable under tho circumstances No doubt Mr. Asqulth nnd his colleagues wero anxious that tho experiment ho given n fair trial, but knowing that under war conditions such a trial would o most unfair, they decided to ndopt what they considered tho wlcr course. Kew dreamed that tho war would last for thrco nnd perhaps four years. Among a certain rectlon of Irishmen vno had faced disappointment so often In tho continuous rejection by tho Hrltlsh Oovern ment. nnd especially by the llouso of Lords, of remedial legislation for Ireland, this postponement of tho goal of their greatest and most persistent nlnm was tho last straw, nnd tho almost Immedlato result was tho misguided and most regrettnblo outbreak of tho Sinn Felners on that memorable Easter Monday almost a year ngo. Gladstone Champion of Ireland Few would have thn hardihood today to defend tho courso of England as u wholo In her past treatment of Ireland nnd tho Irish, but It must bo ndmlttcd that England has In tho past produced many courageous cham pions of even-handed Justice for Ireland, notably W. E. Gladstone. John Ilrlght and others, through whoso efforts many benefi cent laws for Ireland havo been enacted and successfully put In operation. Tho "Irish question" In tho early sixties was largely a religious question. Tho Eng lish Church was a firmly established stato Institution In Ireland. Every denomination was taxed to support It. Ono of Mr. Glad stone's earliest and most notablo triumphs was In tho Introduction nnd final passago of a law disestablishing this church after a series qf campaigns characterized by ex treme bitterness on both sides. Then tho Irish question took a different turn and becamo an agrarian question. It was at this period that Gladstone scored lila next great parliamentary success by successfully passing what was known as tho "tenant rights bill," ' This law was to remedy a peculiar con dition which existed In Ireland, but not In England or Scotland. It acknowledged tho principle of dual ownership of tho land In this way: It assumed that the Irish farmer and his ancestors, nnd not his land lord, had reclaimed tho land from Its original wild state, had mado nil Improve ments, such as drainage, fences, farms, buildings and tho llko, and If for any rea son ho was forced or compelled to glvo up his farm ho could sell these Improvements to tho Incoming farmer or tenant, of.. at publlo salo. For many years previous this right or principle had been voluntarily acknowl edged by tho better class of landlordn In tho PioWiicu of Ulster only, and was known a3 tho "Ulster custom." Prosperity and Higher Rents During tho Napoleonic wars and somo later ones the farmers of Great Britain wero unusually prosperous. They wcro re ceiving the highest prices for tholr products. England was rapidly becoming a great Industrial field, and her army of workers had to bo fed. Tho fanners of Ireland also shared In this prosperity. Hut while tho English and Scotch farmers wero pro tected to a largo extent, through long leases, against the arbitrary raising 'of rents by their landlords, tho Irish farmer had no such protection. Ho was simply a tenant-at-wlll and could bo turned out on short notice, whllo tho landlord could charge him any rent he pleased. In view of tho prosperity nlready referred to, the Irish landlord considered that ho was entitled to a shuro in It, and ha con sequently arbitrarily increased the yearly rentals qulto frequently. So long as times wero good the Irish fanner did not kick, but when times changed and farm products brought smaller returns, and the landlord refused to reduco the rentals to meet tho changed conditions, there resulted another widespread period of discontent. It was at this timo William E. Gladstono was Instrumental In having an other act passed, establishing four land commissions of three members each, Tor the purpose of fixing fair rentals. When these commissions wero organized tho farmers wero Invited to bring their landlords Into court and present rvldenco to show that their rents wcro unjust. Tho plan proved so popular that tho 'original commissions were swamped with applica tions and a large number of subcommls slons were appointed In addition to handle tho business. The act also extended to the landlord tho samo right to bring his tenant into court If ho considered the rent charged by him Insufficient As a matter of fact, thero were few If any such cases recorded. Virtually tho whole of Ireland was cov-' ered by tho work of tho commissioners. In many cases, especially in Ulster, land lords came forward voluntarily and ac cepted a reduction In rents without tho formality of a trial, and theso agreements when accepted by both sides were usually ratified by tho commissions. All decisions wero to stand for seven years, nnd nt the expiration of that time, If either landlord or tenant desired n readjustment the same process was open to them. Absentee Landlordism But even all this did not satisfy, and another wavo of discontent began to spread among many Irish farmers. The most fer tile sources of this last condition wero the absence of many landlords from their castles and mansions In Ireland and tho news of their extracaganccs In Europe with money taken in rents from theso poor farm ers without any return in scrvlco of any kind. Then came the next move, and an act enabling the tenant under certain condi tions to purchabo his landlord's rights was passed, thus creating a peasant proprietor ship, making ths farmer tho solo owner of his farm, This act provided that a certain proportion of ths purchase money could be borrowed from tho Government by the farm er at a very low rate, payable In Install ments extended oyer n number of years, In this way tho number of peasant pro prietors In 'Ireland Is Increasing each year. In very recent years, since home rule seems more than a possibility, tho Irish question has again assumed a religious aspect Thero are men on both sides who, so long as they live and havo any power, will do everything posslblo to prevent a genuine settlement. It was unfortunate that John Redmond did not accept the measure of home rule offered by Lloyd George, which excluded Ulster from Its operations. It was equally unfortunate that Lloyd George, In making this offer, did not, first of all, make a patriotic appeal to Sir Ed ward Carson, leader of the Ulsterltes, to sink all differences In the face of the pres ent wosld crisis and give home rule all over Ireland a fair trial. maine View op majne men .If 'there Is & farmer in Maine whn ...ti log his crop, of potatoes at fair proOt prldeM "-rrwrwiWaiwiaBftri r -.K'S.'A - -e.. .Mr" Jii.llTTTIWUiUiTCr.eTee'seTeeTeeTeeTeeTffile ..!!. 0 I 'air ....-'r ' ...- vmtMmmmwmMmt! Sergey - THE VOICE OF . THE PEOPLE Why All Irishmen Do Not Sup port England Tho City Beautiful Vacant Lots Xifs.Brparfment fret to all readers who wish to express their opinions tm 6ubjcct3 of current interest. It ii an open forum, and the Evening Ledger assumes no responsibility for the i-lcu's of Us correspondents. Letters must he signed by tho name and address of tlif, urtier. not neccssartlg for publication, but as a guarantee of good faith. MR. SCHWARTZ ANSWERED To the Editor of the Vvenlng Ledger: Slr-In your issuo of March 0 Is a letter written by Ituprccht Schwartz, stating that ho can't underbtand why all Irishmen aro not supporting England, against Germany, In tho present war. Now, Mr. Schwartz. I have no preference between tho Ilohenzollern dynasty and tho successors of tho Infamous King Henry nnd Anno Boleyn, but being an Irishman, having lived and learned there, I nm In a position to tell you why Irishmen are not anxious to fight for England. In tho first place. Irishmen aro not anxious to fight under officers who refused to disarm tho North of Ireland men, who raised and armed about 100,000 men with tho avowed Intention of resisting homo rule, which tho Liberal Government, with tho asslstanco of tho newly enfranchised work Ingmen of England, had passed. Those olllcers are chiefly the Bona of landlords, who hold tens of millions of acres of land In Great Britain and Jrcland. About 25,000 Nationalists In Ireland Joined tho army at tho solicitation of John Redmond nnd somo of tho Catholic clergy, hoping that tho English might keep .their word about their boasted fairness to small nations; but only five per cent of tho officers put in command of thoso men were Nation alists, or Catholics, so the wearing of Eng land's hated red coat became as unpopular as before tho war, Ingratttudo Is not a trait of the Irish, as history can tell. After the Treaty of Limerick, a treaty which was broken bo fore the Ink with which It was written had dried, as. Indeed, all other promises by England to Ireland havo been, Irishmen fought for France, against England, from Dunkirk to Belgrade, winning many vic tories, the most decisive being at Fontcnoy. Franco gave tho poor Irish exiles an asy lum when they were persecuted in their own country. It Is a satisfaction to know that this war will probably seo tho end of kaisers and kings In Europe, ns tho working peoplo of England are tired of supporting a lot of titled darlings, most of them descend ants of tho soiled doves of tho English court. Tho same applies to tho German nobility, and when tho war will bo over, Instead of tho Germans shouting, "Hoch the Kaiser!" they'll put him In hock, and we'll send George along to keep him company, P. IIENNESSV. Bryn Mawr, Ta., March 7, A CITY-BEAUTIFUL IDEA To the Ktlttor of the Evening Ledger: Sir While tlje. debris Is being cleared off the old Convention Hall lot at Broad street and Allegheny, avenue, why not encourage Mayor Smith to secure this certain block ror park purposes apropos of your efforts, for a city beautiful? This section Is thick ly sett(cd and needs a publla square, but In the meantime ask tho Pennsylvania Museum not to permit billposters to dis figure any future fences or rails that may be erected. Endeavor to keep the bizarre posters off public highways like Broad street. II. K. R. Philadelphia, March 10. VACANT LOTS To the Editor of the Evening ledger: Sir If I am correctly Informed, the Com bination of charitably disposed landowners, the Vacant Lots Cultivation Society and the city, authorities will furnish added opportu nity for many of our citizens to produce thw lowly but extremely necessary olon. po tato and cabbagei on ground worth J600 to (25,000 per acre. I earnestly hope that the combination will be successful In giving a chance for some of our workers to put the many vacant lots In the city to work. This would be of- great benefit to those directly participating; but the most Impor tant development that we may expect Is a demonstration of the 'utter and absolute iselessness of a vacant lot Our present system of taxation encourages" the produc tion, or rather tbe contlnuance.of vacint lots, It employs hlgh-aUrod , oWalats to RUSSIA AROUSED ftli :;jrri:rr" : ...itr .......1 1 .1e'-if . rjr ff&Siri&S El "t P ill"' - vrrli' 'si-TV " l-,,'e uil,Mn-rt""..irt"-ii: P..'. &!S cIKm 0',MT. .... W-h In his heart, would destroy a vacant lot by placing a building upon It. Theso may seem harsh terms to use against a class of men who enjoy tho re bpect and confidence of tho community, but If they nro not wicked nnd criminally de signing, why should extra charges of taxa tion bo placed upon them for doing what wo mako pretenso of believing Is a meritorious nctlon? Let us supposo A nnd B tho possessors of two building lots adjoining each other nnd of equal value. Both of thcso lots havo from timo Immemorial grown nothing but weeds, or In other aspects, remained ugly, Insanitary nnd absolutely useless A gets tired of this and causes a dwelling ca do of giving a desirable homo to sev eral persons. Ho makes demand on builders, mechanics and laborers to get busy In useful employment. Immediately our taxation claps an extra tax upon him over and nbove tho lino nssesscd against his neighbor B. Would It not bo a moie equitable proceed ing for us to reduco tho tax laid upon A nnd make up tho difference from an extra . on B' A puts la,ld nnd labor lo work, while B keeps land nnd laborers idle. OLIVER McKNiailT. Philadelphia, March 11. AN ERROR CORRECTED An artlclo published In, theso columns on January 22, 1917. concerning the' bitter mayoralty contest then being waged In (oatesville. Pa., set forth that W. L. W. Jones, ono of tho candidates for Mayor, had been removed from office "on charges of em bezzlement." As a matter of fact Mayor Jones was not removed from ofllco on charges of cmbezzlo ment. His removal was becauso of technical defects In tho election machinery, for which ho was In no way to blame. Certain charges of Irregularity had been mado against him, nt or obout the timo of his removal from office, but they wcro not tho cause of his removal. Theso charges wcro tried In tho courts of Chester County and Mr. Jones was found "not guilty," Tho error contained In the Eve.vino Lr.noKn article consisted In Improperly connecting tho removal of Mr. Jones from ofllco with the then pending charges. AH Points of the Compass Adventures in Excavation I AT THE rlSk of advertising the very ex . cellent stories of our friend, Mr. Porter Emerson Brown, It Is here desired to repeat ono of his rather good ones, which ho hides In a letter to tho New York Trib une, nnd which the make-up man almost hid from us in his deslro to keep it all to himself. But bo that as It may, here's Brown's story, which wo dug out: Tho situation with Germany has now reached a stage where it reminds one strikingly of the two gentlemen In an altercation. After various Impolite re marks, tho first gentleman hauls off and kicks tho second gentleman In tho Ctomach, knocking him twenty feet At which the second gentleman sits up weakly and Inquires, "Is that the best you'ean do, you poor stiff?" mlUS Is a real one.' We ducr It im n k J- ourselves. We wero walking In Broad way, ino main artory or upheaval in Now York. Wo observed a sign. It was thus written In golden letters: AARON I. BINSKY "What" an ungrammatlcal person!" we exclaimed to us. "He ought to go to night school. 'Aaron I. Wasky Is probably what he meant to say," Yet, ns nobody was near who would listen to us, our discovery had to remain hidden till this moment, ALSO, another of our recent senatorial excavations Is this concerning a fairly good souso wo found weeping bitterly at the corner of Thirty-third street and Broadwoy Our well-known sympathetic nature Induced us to approach him. "Why these tears?" we asked. "See thass sign there?" he exclaimed. We followed his pointing finger and ob served : All Persons Carrying Packages Will Go In the Thlrty-thlrd Street Entrance. "Well, what of It?" we Insisted In our query. "I'm carryln' a consld'ble package, ain't I?" he said. "Apparently," we agreed. W11, 'alike this, I knew I was carryln' It I saw thass sign, an" I wen.' roun' Thlrty-thlrd street door, an' a feller there wouldn't lemme' In' "But why eep over It?" we Inquired sympathetically again. "H alwava the wnv. VaII-. . ... . . .. n . vmvi UUCB JUS what folks tell him to, an' he gets trun down. 'F, they'd kept that, algn, oTn thj Hea,ww,iii iiYr' uoiVAiroc tSJ i - .:.i - ;z - . - v.. t teleVM""' What Do You Know? Queries of general Interest ictll b answered In this column. Ten Questions, the answers to which ererv. ireU-lntormtd person should know, are asked dallu, QUIZ What l tlie Kiihlfft matter of the first titnendment to the Constitution? What Is the "open-door" poller In China? Who Is Von Capelle? Why Is wood sometimes treated with creo sote? Where Is Tjtnd'fl End? Identify Verdi llh his work and time. What Is the Colombian treaty, now nnder discussion In the Senate? . - What was the value of. the carlo of the Amerirun ship Alronauln. sunk by a Ger man submarine? Where Is Corfu? WpoPuiatn?,ka'' lmmt 'Ur '" Wlnt of Answers to Yesterday's Quiz The Nntlonnl Guard's autborlied streneth l.lni,'.Jhe nenr national defense act Is 457,000 men, . Ur. Prank W. Tnuislc. of Harvard, Is chalr niuu of the new Tariff Hoard. Darnnrles ore small marine crustaceans which attach themselves to ship bottoms In treat numbers, retarding their speed" ,,',lAlrXSi;l,,,cl,ll, ,.B,2 Harun-al-Rashld 'J0"-?;, w-as a Mohammedan Caliph of Ilatclad. The name means Aaron the tfUHt, , "IehlKraii" (fleld-rrar) Is Germany's pet nume for the German soldier, who wears a lleld-sray uniform. Because they are Germans, the Duke of Albany, the Duke of Cumberland and J'rlncj A bert of richlesnli-IIolsteln, cou ICi"'''!'"." ' Knihind, may lose their Kncllsh titles. General Alyaro Obreton, until recently Cnr rnnia'a .Minister of War, Is the only man who eer defruted Villa In open battle. Sterca la the blrthplnre, Medina the burial Place, of Mohammed Pomeranian terriers derlre their name from 1 omerunm. province of Prussia. Montreal, with about, 800,000 Inhabitants. Is Canada's chief city. .. Nobel Literature Prizes E. K. Nobel prizes for literature have been awarded as follows: 1901, P.. F, A. Sully-Prudhomme, French philosophical poet; 1902, Theodor Mommsen, German classical scholar ;1903, BJornstJerne BJorn son, Norwegian dramatist, poet and novel 1st; 1904, Frederlo Mistral, French poet and leader of modern Provencal revival, and Jose Echegaray, Spanish playwright; 190B Henryk Slenkiewlcz, Polish novelist; 1906, Glosue Carduccl, Italian poet; 1907, Hud yard Kipling, English novelist, short-story writer nnd poet; 1908, It. C. Eucken. Ger man philosophical writer; 1909,' Selma Lagerloef, Swedish story writer; 1910, Paul Heyse, German po'et and dramatist; 1911, Maurlco Maeterlinck, Belgian dramatist and poet; 1912. Gcrhart Hnuptmann. Ger man poet and dramatist; 1D13, Sir Rabin dranath Tagore, Hindu poet and philoso pher; 1914, not awarded; 1015, Bomatn Holland, French dramatist and novelist and 191G, Werner von Heldenstam, Swedish poet and novelist , Warships IC E. Gunboats, among the smallest of the warships, are classed with coast-defense vessels. They are of slight draft and are used largely as auxiliaries. Armored cruisers, which are being supplanted by battle cruisers, are larger than gunboats, are sea-going and are built for speed, for which heavy armor and big guns are sacri ficed. Battleships carry big guns and heavy armor. Battle cruisers combine the speed of tho armored cruiser with the big guns of the battleship and have medium heavy" armor. They usually aro larger than bat tleships, among which, however, Is a dls tlnct class of warship, the largest of all the dreadnought, the first of which was the British Dreadnought, laid down In 1905 This ship set the style for all subsequent big battleships. Electoral , J. J. McA. Electoral Is pronounced with the accent on the second syllable, "lee." British Consulate M.J, P. The British consulate In Phlla. delphla Is at 222 South Third street Bapaume O. T. W. -The southern tip of Belgium Intervenes between Bapaume- and the' Ger man Empire. Bapaume Is about slxtv miles from the Belgian border. The nearest point on the nelgo-German border Is near Bastogne, Belgium, on a 140-mlIe line through southern Belgium. Bapaume Is 160 miles from the nearest point on the Franco Oerman border, at the Junction of tho boundary lines of France, Germany and Luxemburg. FIVE CENTS A MILE Within a .short time the price of a 1000 mile mileage book Is likely to go to 3S, and .... , ... ........... ---- .. "miuuj mo rail road executives ot the country who todav ay . tkai wltkla twentie. vss.' if" . . .?! I Tom Daly's j1 I. BEnOMAN Tj lama m Chestnut Rle... OIoT1 I knew a man In Regent street Who walked four block, t i With nothing on from face to tZ IT irnri 1.1.1, l.. ... 'It And later he spoke crvntln t.i l-J Through tho grill of a Padded ML Propound that men aro nnil ....' In pants and coat and gay cravit. Some lean. rnnnntn.in i... ' Will boldly brag a 'nay' to that By striding out lo salt his limb, Wrapped in a multi-colored m,t. Pyjamas -and. a pair of elm-.. Mean moro than garments worn J Thn mnc-nnt. .. i .1. . ""lol And fashion's Joss for fool, ...'.I Gloves nnd nvlnmii.ii . "! ......, ucrocg- , Of sumptuous sleep and chivalry ' HOOSTirn.1 Testcrday In New y, havo been, a crawnti . newspapers. Tho Trlbuno led s ?.! torlal page with n most abject aneSi : "" "ugiu never tii havo been printed in tho Tribune- 2' the World's flrtit editorial paragrS acknowledges tho Justice of Set.!; Daniels's protest' ncalnxt ., -.... 3 of a story relating to tho armln, T, .2 Manchuria. "The Wnrlri .,,.,.. .'!. when it printed that particular ,S article," said tho editorial. Mm tllS we know we'll got soft and wrhVV paean to Wvr. n, -i. "Mr. Gerard Is personally guardlnr , small leather bag. There's a cat .iiV says Bert Lesfnn Twin. ..i - J' - .... "...I'. """'"WW iiuu, M.iiiuufMivji.K clause The Little Theatre will see tho prcmltr? of Howard Sliellev's fnr,o "ti, ... l mltrs J Tree," on Wednesday night. It promlaj" fun for nil but tho pcdigrcc-proud it hits nt. F'rlnstancc: '4. Trncey Itopt (ImndlnK card lo Mr. iff. ?.fVi. ';.".: .."' "'"!""ou" S'nealoslsi-ui ..,.,,,.,,.-. tn ninny nininnr. I hae conlu-tJ Kene.iloElcnl Imestlsutions In the most nSS! IPBhn, of th .n..h ...,. I.J. - '..rn .8. t'DlOtl s.inBUlneous concntenntlons nf loth ancient S modern rnics with unlmpeurhabu, fidelity K established the decrees of cou'ln.hlo VtJJS llenjainln Franklin and AJnx. l-lsto aMlEi LariBtry. Homer and (Icorcc Ado, Victor HtrtSt ?,!!,', '"""n:L .I" "; l--" I l't will Louise: It us have nf tho fn mill iiiuiiu vuarftcieruiif. Hilly: That's easy, "There minute." pn born wi. 'H Louisa (newborn heiress): Vnil niA hsMfor Itinti T nut, Wufclaita. Wash Oouwr aristocrat): That It perfect!! true;, but V 11 do everything t0 remedy ttwfoU feet. I 11 forge n check or start a birrwi' orawi. i 11 man- .tnyseii worthy or you. .. 1 mil bias linn, a!,I. I If ..a - s '!.- - . I ajvuinw nun iMlilli IIUl f. ViWIIIUl KCCfPl IQCeV n. oummu rn IW UVVUIIIS JUUT Wilt, r tf Ivy: That woman will be Just as welcowu, a coffin nt a wooden wpdrllmr. 'J An interesting line unon v nln tin,; nntlnn nf nlnvlnr nn Hm iah. ! .! nlshed by tho facsimile of the Hn.fm" .i id uazcuo ror .Rionuay, iiareh 12, ITIV put out as a supplement of the Boiling Transcript on Monday last. The flrt"d. im? the four pages Is devoted to nn academic trtttnt fffim o tnv -tsir-ti a 1 1 nt ! Jsu J vnv. tiuiu it, v Kist. JUuit v4. llltj UUj KM4 to resolutions passed nt town meetinif ngalnst taxation without representation? Tho two insldo pages, with" column rulis turned, which seems to have beentip Colonial equivalent of our display Fy')t? gives what was perhaps tho first rein paper report of tho Boston massacre. 'V mighty good graphic and straight-out account it is, too. VILLANELLE till ilAltaAllET WWDEUER A I Was a princess in an ivory totcer- Why did you stand below and thf fo mcT I am a wanderer since that old hour. Alnnn mm .rrrll.e mf tlmunl'.ta traded sQ in flower, And rose-winged wanderings Jiovem drcamingiv teas a princess in an ivory totcer. Vrt, 4m Vrl 4mii ntiritlnn hrnrt In seekhtt dower, ,'& Somo fairy gold unknown lv ton sea J am a wanderer since that old hour. snoll no more return within mi Wu. To sleep with woven dream. JW tapestry $ teas a prtneess tn an tvory ww. 11 , 6. Tha mocking world lights flit and jlaijj Btill I must 'follow them whOt l: they flee, I am a wanderer since that old hour,. Oh, sweet and picrcfngl Sweet 0 crwl poicerl S Love, necking still I follow tcearOir'f' was a princess in an ivory totcer, iff' I am a wanderer since that old hour, 1 PSINaLE-TRACK PSYCHOLOGY $ Tho oth'er day our own dear paper announced a lecturo "at WltherspoonW Hall,"' and. we Joyously battened uponj. for one otthoso slips o' tho types whetwj wheezes 'are born; but wo havo founv that the thing goes deeper. We P . . . ,, ... ...tin Is a SOW in our miusi a iinuumuict - - and painstaking workman withal. , whose train of thought occasionally ru . . T. . 1 .li ndded'tM single iracK. ji wus no " -......... . , .i ,i. rfod was w iui 10 our Bi;e; u "" "-- , r shortly after this 'order was posted upj the bulletin board In the composin,.yv In recipes use spoonful, noi spu-j -7 a spoonrur 'not spoon; m.w.'" 1 rwinii.wie-.w ".:: w. Dear Tom! Tenrosea wear "";". iMi pal. , thov8enat. . Ajj-j La I'olllette days snd days 1 sia fl haps you CummlnsS, now. Well Wjffl Olapp pass. , but your JT OQorm-Vn P ul & ORonna petted .to Mfnl Norrla Kenydn HTone Work8 tu.r." 0.' "!"1.i"VJ Ayer's American Newspaper Vlnty for 1917 gives tho Citizen, of w u. Til n rlrnnlntlnn nf 2800 (SWOrn). J cookie it'll drop to 2799 when a cer . . .. . . .fc lan!l 4Sl laay sees this, .jrom a rccenk -"-vi Mrs. M. E. Wyatt left Wednesday nia will be away three or four rnontbs.' I j small loss. ' 'J ... .. ..ji-a.-...Aarasil ....Miss wan urawioras nuu.. --,.-,, from her while returning; iroi"i-Hj tr to hsr hotel. Moriv. obJJ "And M. H. G. is moved to rPl'JJ this surely overtops jne ".""rJ aoter who took up His uea Ur -mMw "! m . wrsUMt-dssti- i smsei si tjM.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers