V Hi. 'J ' rtXi,". . ,'"' . .. ... TJwnt. T 0-.. 1 . ' .K -f sivsng' LB6d-PHii:xDaii msmax. muBvm wi a ft-v - ,r - ?Vj L1A, tK & 9an I'f PTJMJC LEDGER COMPANY vinuo i. At. ifUivtiDf A BpatuBjii alTrlea K. Ludlneton. Vies Prealdentl John iartln. Secretary and Treasurer! 1'hlllp S. it yonn ii, Williams, jonn J. Bpurgeon, r. baler. Directors. EDITOniAIi BOARDI Clics U. K. Ccstii, Chairman. k,X. WIIALKT...... a Editor f C. MARTIN.,,aeneral lluslneis Manager i Jallehd dally at Prsuo Lcnan IlulUllnc. $& i Indapsndence Square, Philadelphia. as CinTiAt. ... Broad nnd Chestnut Streets ktic ClTir..... J'ress-Union Building T01K .....200 Metropolitan Tower art. ,.820 Pord lluilillna; Loun 400 Globe.Ormoeru liulldlnS im inpung uuuuinc neV3 bureaus: MB1N0TOM Bciiau ntrs Building rw Yoitt Bcic.U.,i ..,. The rimr IlullJInc UN 1IDI1UU..I 1,0 Krledrlchatniaae Lokdok licliAU ....... .Marconi House. Btren.l Taatl Bcaun .....S3 llua Louis le a rand j. BUBaanirwoN Tnmis I The Etinino Liner la served to subscribers fen Philadelphia and surrounding towns at the . rate of twelve (121 rente ner wLr. tuwhln ( to the carrier. Br mall to point" outalde of rhlladelplila. In n the United Utatea, Canada or United mates pos iSMiaslonB. -Maters free, flftv Isnl wntm tw.i '(,;, Iponth. Six ffo) dollars per year, payable In "ft. advance. 1 It. To all foreign countries one (111 dollar tier Bft i. awnth. S -i 'NOTICS (Subscribers -tUhlnr addreea chaneed ,' Must lre old aa well aa new address. () MLC MOO WALNUT KEYSTONE. MAIV JOOO ' I MFT Xiirttn all communications In Kvcnlna i , H.Ltdatr. Indrvtndcnct Square, Philadelphia. ,',. Trj.ro 5Vth rmi.ADKt.rn i a rosTornci" as f,X t skjond-class hail uatiib. TUB AVERAdE NET PAID DAILY CIR CULATION OK TIIK BVENINO I.KtiaCIl FOR JANUARY WAH 11(1,717 Pkll.J.lpM., Tund... F.Lmitr 13, 1917. ,." RiS More coal was sliipned from tho MS mines In January this year than In the L'I ' UmA fnnnrri Inst nnn Vnt (Unti fill 1IU waaauv iiiuiivu mn jf cut x vi tveiwj wi no there .Is a scarcity. Frozen beet Is plentiful now, ac cording to the Department of Agriculture. B' V. In this weather ft would seem to be- dlfll- ...' 4...1A A. A.. ...... ..... lrt.r9 VUI, .U AIIIU U11J UlilCl IX111U There Is no supar shortajre, say the Nflners. There la a real shoitape, say ' the retail grocers. AVhen tho doctors r disagree the patient has to suffer the ' consequences, which In this case Is higher 1 prices for sweetening. Mr. Gerard could not have served his country better than by answering the German Government's threat with cour ageous defiance. That Government has been testing our temper and hesitating to take tho fffial step. It must havo learned from Mr. Gerard'H attitude what It can expect from his countrymen. The city opened Its arms to Its artil lerymen, back from the border, with a new meaning in a welcome that had been shared by other regiments which 'returned recently In moro pacific times. "What notion some may havo had that r we had grown soft and pliable vanished In the roar that greeted thoso bronzed nd resolute faces looking forward un daunted to any new taBk that may await them. Quietly, perhaps, and unobtrusively, every one I know Is now trying to And the way out of the war : and I nm con ' vinced that the same Is the case In Oer tnany. That Is what makes the peace-at-any-prlce campaign so exasperating. It Is like being chased by ciamorout geese across a common in the direction In which you want to go. II. Q. AVells. Mr, Brya,n and a number of women are doing more" harm than clamorous geese. They are actually harassing the .President and perplexing Congress at a time when only clear and unembarrassed thought can preserve peace. Our geese HtYV have got In front of the pedestrian and are xnpping mm until lie is nan incuneu to walk In the other direction. K. According to the American! Itlghts , . Tn aril a th TTnltp,! Ktntpn In nmv nt imp t - : : With Germany. Its appeal to the Ameri can neonle. to demand nf Conuress nnd . eVtA Pi.M.nt tfcfif tiv tnlrft fnrniAl rnr. Ft !.."" -"- w ...... o- WH,'nizance of the existence of war Is signed &!?, by the' most bitter Germanophobes In the vcountry. we beg to assure them that yj, if conditions make a formal declaration V'v(of yfkv Inevitable the President and Con- B in.. I.. . . -J S'?n a IIKCI AU UlTl UUI CUUUKII. l-l Triem I. nnlv n hnndfill nf extrpmlRte '- . . . 'jjWno want war. une nation at large 11 lj- only hoping and praying that It can bo avoided with honor. It Is praying, too, that trie AitmlnlQtfntlnn mm, nnt hi E",S. " "' " "-" -J ..WW .,U 'gtampeded Into war and that It may be .Die Dy peaceiui means to secure those 1 v enaa wnicn an aesire. 1 In view of the concessions which ,i China, has been forced to rrint in mm. VjAtnerclal and Imperialistic Japanese states- K' A'eisn tha tAlvipt the Phtnn ,4 hmlMH nff . (.relation with Germany must be taken ,., ,with many grains of salt, as she Is hardly tii? autonomous or able to declare her national will. China may have broken, but would I, Ik alignment with the Allies hurt Ger- JBany aa much as It would help Japan? would Japan sanction a break that would P' Bot help Japan? The western world will jfo are chiefly now to know whether1 Toklo Iv will Use Chinese soldiers and resources to . tMuUn the defeat of Germany or Just lead uV.Jp.lna Into making new concessions under I'llte eloak or alliance in war. Japan will Mftwnt reward from the Allies for having aa one of them, and it Is not likely will throw the whole welirht nt tho j0r , ' Into the scales against the HlpNMr without assurance of the greatest Eg'tawi earth the Allies can promise. Certain classes of laborers under tandardlzed schedule nreoared bv CSvil Service Commission are to re- -it a day. This is more than is M Mbool teachers who havo spent A years In qualifying themselves. I lair been notorious that the men nan wao nave the care of our 11. the moat lmnrMalonnhU n. iaf tluir lives aro. underpaid. Tho tlMHrafor, that the General r wtHllMMW wa lor teaeh- permanent certtflcates now receiving $60 shall receive $60. The only serious crit icism that can bo mado of these changes Is that they do not go far enough. Tho highest flguro Is lower than tho weekly wage of the $3a-day laborers here. Tho money can bo found to pay a living wngo to school teachers throughout tho State. Taxpayers who think will gladly con tribute nil that Is necessary, for they know that every dollar honestly spent on the public schools Is un Investment In citizenship which will yield a .hundred fold in the years to come. WANTED: A LEADER There Is a rotten state of nffnlrs under the surfaco In Pennsylvania e e e jor t10 I'enrono crowtj to as sume a sanctimonious nttltudo and t.tlk about tho shortcomlngi of tho other ldo Is a huge Joke. Hutli sides should lo Investigated, and I think tho pcoplo of Pennsylvania ul timately will feo that this is done. Vance McCormlck, Mil. McCOUMICK'S rcputatlqn as a prophet Is higher than It was beforo tho November election. Hut It lequlies no gift of prophecy to foictell the political futuro In this Commonwealth. All that Is needed Is tho ability to jeason from admitted facts. There weio 447.42G voters heto In lOIi who registered their disgust with tho Re publican machine. This Is u. majority of tho Republican voters nnd moro than a thiul of ull tho voters who go to tho polls. When nn altci native that pi utilises leal Improvement Is presented to the electors there will bo so little left of tho gang that a child In tho klniloignrtcn can count It. The Issue Is clear. Tho people nro ready to tako sides. They only nwult a leader who can command their confidence. GUNMEN IN UNIl'OKM THi: killing of the Kippax boy. on the stato of facts as disclosed yesterday, seems to havo been little short of murder. The most gr.ivo offense of which lie could bo suspcrtctl was that of breaking Into a cundy stoie. He lied when tho police approached, nnd becauso ho did not stop at their command ho was llred tit. Four bullets cntetod his body. The po llco explain that they did not Intend to kill him, but only to frighten him. As they were very, near him when ho was climbing the fence, the most that run be said In extenuation Is that they aio very poor marksmen, If they weio firing In tho nlr Instead of at tho boy. The question to bo decided Is vvhethor the pollcp aro Justified In killing a person who icfuses to hult nt their command. It will bo admitted that the person should halt. Hut few will admit that disregard of such a command is a capital offense Justifying any ofllcer in summary execu tion of the offender. It tho man who refuse to halt Is suspected of murder or other belnoiiH crime common practice Justifies tho uso of fireaims to compel the fugitive to surrender himself. Hut robbing a candy store Is a petty crime. It Is about time that the Director of Public Safety took matters Into his own hands and Issued peremptory orders ngalnst tho reckless use of firearms by the police. NO CLASS SPIRIT IN MILITARY SERVICE T HER 12 are many conflicting shades of opinion about military training, vary ing nil the way from demand for purely volunteer service to that for universal compulsion. All the more urgent is It, then, that lrrelovant consldeintlons bo thrown out, so that some comptomlse agreeablo to tho majority may be reached. Tho chief Irrelevancy that saps vigor of thought on this subject Is that "there may be no war." Many who think thero Is virtually no chance of serious fighting, oven In the event of a war, allow this gambling spirit to color their sense of re sponsibility. Tho "chances" for or against war form their Idea of the kind of mili tary servlco wo should have, wheieas It ought only to nffect their idea of the amount of mjlitnry service we ehould have. So when they feel HUo betting ten to one there will be no war, they nro for volunteer service; nnd when they feel like bettlrtg ten to one thero will bo war they are for compulsory service. But whether tho chances of war nre a gam bling proposition or a call for reasonable preparation for possibilities, there should bo the same rule for tho enlistment of n maximum of COO.000 men as for that of 5,000,000. Whether wo think a few- dozen Americans nro to bo killed In war or other disorder In the next year or two, or many thousands of Americans, we have no right to say what class of Amei leans shall sacrlflco their lives. This Is what wo havo dono In tho past. Hy pure volunteerlsm we havo decreed, in effect, that only men of a certain sta tion In life or certain traits shall take the risks of dangerous patriotic service. It is as If we had decreed that "no American need tako the risk of military service unless he bhall have been deprived of a flrst-rato education und feel out of placo In the industrial world, or unless he shall be a dare-devil who is looking for trouble," So we decreed that tho twenty men who had to dlo at Vera Cruz should pot bo college men or artisans or clerks, but Just any chaps who had been poor enouglf or foolhardy enough to want to bear arms. Now thero was never a tlmo when there was less chance of being able to rnlso a volunteer army under present methods, because of a heavy demand for labor that keeps all whites busy and, Is even calling hitherto idlo negroes of the South Into factories. It is, then, not orfly a demo cratic sense of Justice dictating that all classes should supply their share of men, but also a necessity. And In meeting that necessity Justice and democracy should guide ways and means. The measure for universal training favorably roported to the Senate seems fair to all. It prescribes six months' training to begin In the nine teenth year, after which the soldier'1 or sailor goes Into the reserve, from which, until he Is twenty-nine, he may be called upon for national defense. It applies to all who are physically qualified, rich or poor, except those with relatives do pendent on their jfarnlngs. Those who ore betting on peace will say this puts too many in arms, and those oa war will say a it puts too. few. WINTER NO TIME FOR HUGGING FIRE Great Outof-Doors Pnrmcert for Our "Housebred Ills" Joys of Roving in Wintry Fields M ANY of our human, troubles nro house bred nnd town-bred, observes tho sago Thorenu, who cured his by deserting both house nnd town nnd going so far back to nnturo ns a rude dwelling by Walden pond, outside Concord. Ho left that modern Aca deme to Uronron Alcolt And other philoso phers, nnd for himself sought out tho phil osophy of nnture. We ennnot all follow his summary meth od of abandoning tho refinements and com forts of clvlllxntlon nnd the common dally round of toll Hut wo can, much ns we do not, quest moro after tho solace of nature, even In winter, the season usually nnd er roneously deemed dreary. Summer with us Is the season of outing and sport; by so much 'our participation In and appreciation of the Joys of nnturo Is one-sided, Winter should bo no time for repining It presents man and varied aspects that hnvn serene charm nnd mi attraction all their own to those whoso rambles through meadow and woodland nro not circum scribed by the calendar or affected by the tempernturc it Is a season of repose, not of nctlvity, a time for contemplation rather than sensuous enjoymsnt ; yet there Is much to reward the senrch In Its bracing weather, nnd mnny an Item of interest that Is' out the ken of the uvernge person. As Whlttcr puts It after narrating lyrically tho pleas ures of being snowbound: Th worldlna eyee ehall gather dew, Thlnklncr In thronsrnl rlty uain Of winter Joe his boyhood knew. Such fugitive Joys can bo recalled, re newed by tho-io who onto had them, their evanescent delights can bo experienced by those who have not the possession In mem ory by the simple pioccss of socking nature on Ideal winter days. Ground brown nnd frosted ; trees leafless, with colors matching the earth's dun hues; sunbeams, bright and slanting, mellow, If lacking In warmth ; breeze, brisk and sport ive, taking liberties with one's rnlment these are tho components of such a day. Like a Fairy Tale It Is all ns though some spell were woven over the woodlands, uplands nnd low-lying leas And this Is Indeed tho fact: The Witch Winter has placed nn enchantment on the beauteous Princess Harth, which will be removed only when Spring, tho eirant Prince Charming, nwakens her with his kiss of quickening life, after he has van quished the giants, Hall, Rain, Snow and Hlustcry Weather. Winter Is a time for Intensive nnd Inti mato observation. Familiar aspects can be studied from a fresh point of view, that discloses woods nnd meadows and upland stretches stripped of their rioting wliu flowers nnd heavy vcrduro and reveals the sweep of prospect and the broad outlines of topography that the rich raiment of ipring, summer and autumn hides. Tho actual feel" of sunshine Is moro within tho np- prehenslon of the senses on a bright, brisk winter day than at any other time. In largo and In detail the countrjsklo can bo reviewed satisfactorily. Pure wide reaches of snow-covered laml ecane possess a charm all the season's own. Crunching of the footsteps through the Ice and snow and tho crackle of scintillating Ice-laden branches on occasion break the monotony of tho Immense and consoling silences and please the ear as the eye Is delighted with blueness of sky and deep purpling shadows that contrast with the sheen of the snow. No Time for "Hugging Fire" Winter Is thus no time for "hugging tho fire" In despite of any day's weather. Thero may bo a Iack,nf variety, but thero Is no overpowering monotone. The season is ono of concentration, not of diffusion. It Is classic In gieat simplicities of con tour, not Gothic with Intricacies of detail. The picture of winter thus set out on Nature's own canvas Is emphatically an attractive one. Tho wayfarer, hs he re gards It, Is Invigorated physically, mentally and spiritually. Tho tonic, Inspirational nlr is stimulus to mind and cxnltntlon to the understanding spirit, no less than wholesome for the Jaded senses. Winter Is the season to become better acquainted with the birds; to pay them for summer song by remembrance that their natural food supply Is scant and needs re plenishing from tho pantry ;' nnd to en courage their presence about the house. Hecompene for the birds' summer services In orchard and garden and avenue Is only a kindly thought of scattering grain and tying bones and crusts to trees and arbors. Hstabllshmcnt of friendly relations Is easiest In winter, for the rigors of weather and frucalltv of diet render tho birds less shy. They are moro approachable both In town and suburbs, nnd what a variety there Is! Kvoq now, busy nuthatcher, circling hawks, drumming woodpeckers optimistic chicka dees, gorgeous blue Jas and friendly robins aro about for tho seeing. Tall nnd gaunt, tho trees stand forth In the crisp, clear sunshine, so different from tho quivering, almost tropic warmth of summer's rays. Tho bare branches of some carry clusters of seeds or berries, which may form-tho birds' scant subsistence this time of year. The menu Is very frugal, In deed, Including only scarlet bittersweet berries, crimson vvlnterberries, pokeberrles nnd the seeds of a few shrubs, Plant life is stagnant, but beneath the dead leaves are hid tho. germs of next spring's floral beauty. Against the brown trunks of the decid uous trees the firs, pines, cedars and other evergreens stand out In strong contrast, adding a properly subdued and appropriate tone to the color scheme of the season. The lack of leaves affords opportunity for close study of their configuration; the angles of their branches may bs estimated and their habit fixed In mind ; and the vary ing fabrics of bark noticed. Also the swell ing of the leaf-buds, which will burst Into springtide foliage, Is nn Interesting stufly In tho manifold variety of nature, Some thing of tho trees' character, whether ro bust or pliant. Is perceptible as they stand, sentinels of the woodland, calm and Im passive, yet Instinct with life, waiting only for the quickening touch of spring for tho sap to flow nnd tho glory of verdure to be achieved. Las', year's bird nests, where they have survived the stormy weather, may also be studied with an Intimacy de nied In nesting time. After the gorgeous blaze of autumn win ter Is a boon ; the mild Bhados of brown, green and gray relieve ihe eye; the quie tude rests the spirit and the brisk breeze and wholesome atmosphere clear the brain. If the charms and attractions of winter have any weight and worth, the hoUBo will be changed for the open, and both health and spirits will profit by the Invigorating spell of out-of-doors. W. R. M. WOMEN OF THE WAR Afar amid war's darkness, they suffer and grow' strong, For courage Is their garment;, and hope ' their even-song; They hide the pain of parting with "till we meet again," Or gTeet with tender welcome their bruised and broken men. They give their all ungrudglnr, nor think it much to five j They see their lives In Tuln, then face the years, "and live. O heart of selfish sorrows and unavailing fears ,1 One day of thejr devoUon were worth my idle years. With uncomplaining patience their sacrifice Is made So, tho' In lesser, service, my debt of Iovs were pald, , . rt &J.t,' - JM . .L.il.- .11 I S I I 1.Wl I a 1.M I SI 1 1 Mil CLT 1-J.. j,lll T TLJ" - -. .. - . l. . t JiT ! T I I a -" .' Ill' . . -SlJiaaSaaaran3 S11PHB?E . JUi?r -?lVaa rss T"Z.- taJ.- - . --"- ...... e- tif'J'e-p ' fgJ---- ,, .r-A -vn.- rt- VV-- v THE VOICE OF THE PEOPLE A Reply to an Editorial About Bourbonism and Certain In dustrial Ideas The Meaning of "He" 77.i Department M free to all icadrrs uho itUh to exprets their opinions on subjects of current interest. It in nn oven tomtit, nnd the Hvcnlnp Ledaer ansumen rcsptntHiblUtv for the 1 irw s of it correspondents. Letters mutt be Hitwed bu the name and mistress of. the tvritrr, not veceasnrilu for publication, but as a uunrantu) of pood faith. "HE" 'ALSO MEANS "SHE" To the Editor of the livening Ledge): Sir Thero hnH been considerable specula tion ns to whether .leannettc Rankin, who was elected to Congress from Montana, will be permitted to tako her seat when the sixty-fifth Congress convenes. The ques--tlon of her eligibility grows out of the wording of Article 1, Section 2 of the Federal Constitution. Section 2 reads as follows: "So person shall bo a Represent ative who shall not havo attained tho ago of twenty-five, nnd been seven years a citizen of the United States, and who shnll not, when elected, be nn inhabitant of that Stato in which he shall bo chosen." Be cause the word "ho" appears therein It Is contended that Miss Rankin is not eligible for membership in Congress. Hut this Is nothing to quibble over and Miss Rankin will be seated, as she should be. Wo do not hesitate to use tho word "man" or the niascntlno pronoun, "he," gen erally; Hereafter, CongresHinan will mean either male or female member of Congress, Surely tho world "do move" nnd woman Is keeping pneo with It. even though sho has had to make a great fight for her right to enter the race-course. R. B. Reading, Pa. February 10. CONCERNING BOURBONS To the Editor of tha Evening Ledger: Sir As tho nuthor of tho Introduction to the book entitled "Tho Manufacturers' Side of Certain Proposed Legislation," which you criticized so severely In your Issue of Friday, February 0, may I beg space for a reply? You bead your editorial "The Wall or Hourbonlsm," and in the text you refer to tho manufacturers who contributed to tho book, and, of course, to tho members or the twenty-nine manufacturers' associations who belong to tho Pennsylvania Trade Secretaries, as "Bourbons." Let me remind ,you that tha,calling of names Is no argument, Any one can call names. In pointing out that you hare either not read or not represented fairly the in troduction and tho various articles con tained In this book as published by the Pennsylvania Trade Secretaries, I might easily call you an Ignorant blatherskite, but I assure you that I have no Intention of doing so, nor would It In the, least strengthen my case If I did. That you should havo tho temerity to stigmatize such men as Mr. Nathan T Fol well, for example, as a "Bourbon," speaks ill not only for your manners, but ror your historical Information, Mr, Folwell, and for that matter all tho other prominent manu facturers who have contributed articles to tho book in question, are no more Uouruons than you are Dantonlsts. Tho Bourbons weio members of n royal family who were born with golden spoons In their mouths, and who never performed any useful service to mankind. The majority of manufacturers in this State were at one time' members of the wage-earning class which you refer to ao lovingly. They have risen to their present stations through merit and ability, and as employers of labor they areiof much wider service to their communities ,tian they could possibly have been had they remained Individual wage-earners. , Is It not reasonable to suppose that such men are in a better position to predict the results of proposed industrial legislation than you would be? , Does not your sweeping condemnation, both of the men and of their opinions, prove tho truth of the assertion made In the In troduction which you singled out for criti cism; The manufacturer's side Is one not often presented. The other side is be Ing constantly discussed in print and from the platform. Occasionally one sees in the newspapers a brief and sometimes garbled statement from a manufacturer touching upon one or asore of Uw . subjaets treatsd.la thta-V TSKFMfiBKWUBtlinFviirfatimvyzirtsr . ,Mtan i - i. i -,. j- sr "", -j-r T, iwr rT. "ET TU, BRUTE?" .a... ". MT-" , ... , a '--: "Tli manufacturer in particular as a "reac tionary" and nn "obstructionist." The "attack on tho Governor" In tho In troduction to which you take exception Is not an nttack at all, but a statement of fact, and jou were not fnir enough to quote II. although It contains only seven lines. Will you be so good ns to publish It now, and let mo ask your readers how many of thorn object to tho sentiment It contains: A Governor who designates wage pajers as "special Interests" nnd who boasts that he will keep them out of committee rooms and prevent them from making known their wishes to their representatives, while ho welcomes with smiles and soft words any one who speaks or pretends to speak for wage earners, shows a woeful lack of com prehension of tho oneness of society and a shocking Indifference to the American doctrino of fieedom and equality May I nsk. sir. If you dispute this state ment? Would you havo us infer that the Hvr.NiNn LKDOEn favors tho oppression and abuse of the wage-pa er because he Is a wage-paj cr? Suiely that cannot be true' "But If not, why the dliect misstatement In the second paragraph of your editorial, thus: Tho introduction to the volume con tains an attack on the Governor, be causo of his support of legislation for tho benefit of wage-earners. Furthermore, It 111 becomes a beneficiary of tho doctrine of free speech, such as you aie, to deny tho right of any class of men to express their views or to call them names when they do express them. It Is possible to oppose without sacrificing courtesy, but you have cast courtesy to the winds. It Is your privilege to embrace any system of philosophy, mny theory of eco nomics, or any view of politics, whether it bo that ot Robespierre, or Danton. or James Maure that may suit your fancy, but please do not open the sluicegates of your venom against mo If I prefer to remain an old-fashioned American with old-fashioned American notions concerning the merits of Individualism as opposed to socialism. WALTHR LINN. Philadelphia, February 12. BOOZE ON THE RUN According to statistics compiled by the Commissioner of Internal Revenue, there were 1413 breweries In tho United States In 1014. During 191B this number was re duced by forty-ono, nnd during 1916 It was further reduced by forty, thero now being 1332 breweries In tho country. Tho statis tics further show that there were 743 dis tilleries In the United States In 1914, Dur ing 1915 there was a decrease of 108 In this number,' nnd during 1916 thirty more went out of business, leaving u total In operation today of 605, In two year? eighty ono breweries and 138 distilleries were closed. Thus Is prohibition gradually mak ing Itself felt throughout the country. Colorado Springs Gazette. PHONES MADE TRUSTS The telephone, not the tariff, has made the trusts. We have had the tariff In this country for a hundred years or more, but the trusts are barely more .than a quarter of a century old. And If you will look Into the question you will find that tho last twenty-flvo years about marks tho de velopment of the 'long-dlstanco telephone. It was that development that made It pos sible for a man to sit In his office In New York, or Chicago, or San Francisco, gauge Instantly business conditions across the country and give his order on tho moment to his lieutenants. And I firmly believe that If the age of electricity should cease tomorrow at the crack of a finger, as It were within twenty-four hours every one ot our big trusts would begin to disin tegrate. Big business does not merely thrive on communication. It Is vital to Its very existence, Collier's. A HINT Jf publicity Is all Thomas LawBon wa after, It might have been more comfortable to depend entirely on buying It at the usual advertising rates. Washington Star. All Points'of the Compass- Rubalyat of a' Commuter LIX Jones has a Kid who's always In a muss. His chief Delight fs stirring up a Fuss And then, with Thumb to Nose, he Jeers If he were mine, I'd lick the Little Cuss. ' LX Hs, .without asking, sentetlmes hurries . ...," . ' . . i . r V' fi What Do You Know? Queries of neneral interest wilt be answered in this column Ten questions, the answers to uhich eierv iwH-inormed person should know aro ashtd dailu. . QUIZ What la Cette? VAhnt wan the Invincible Armada? Why are bird societies often called Alicia hen nocletlee? Whnt U the Mebeluncenlled? In what imrt of the Illble la the reference to beating nwonls Into plowshares? Mho was Mary Todd? Where U Washington bnried? Where Is the lamest telescope In the world? Nliut nnd where Is the Ford Teare Ilureau? Whnt does He. 1) mean? Answers to Yesterday's Quiz Jntnes llnrtianan was the only bachelor rresUlent. The tout word In the Illble (IUnc James version) Is "Amen," The "n't- In "half" Is pronounced broad, as In "ami," according to Webster's Dic tionary, The "I" Is silent. Jnmes Kussell T,owell was born on Wash- Inzton'H lllrthdar, 1810, The CotiNtltutlon gives Congress the "power to deelare war, grant letters of marque, unci reprisal, and make rule concerning captures on land and water." North Cnrollnans are called "Tarheels." Two natkins mar lie in a "atte of war" before tho formal declaration Is made., In Kngland beer Is called "lager" and ale "heer." l'rljoles Is the name of a Mexican stew of heans. A foreign-bom elttten could hare become 'resident nf the United States If he was naios-'ded before the adopUon of the Constitution. 10, Shape of Earth H. K. Tho atlas Is correct when It says that the earth is flattened at the poles. It Is correct nlso to say that the earth Is round, because the depression Is Insignifi cant when compared with the earth's dimensions. The earth, however, strictly is not a sphere because of the flattened areas at the poles. American Citizenship L. C. The Fourteenth Constitutional Amendment slates: "All persons born or naturalized In the United States, and sub Ject to the Jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside." However, this Is so construed ns to mean that a boy bfarn In this country of alien parents does not attain citizenship until he arrives at the age of twenty-one years and chooses American citizenship in preference to that of his father. State Department officials are reported as having made this ruling In the case of the O'Donnell children, born In Philadelphia, of British parents, and killed In the sinking of the liner Cali fornia. Many authorities on International law dispute this ruling. St. Petersburg C. C. T. Yes, shortly after the European war began the Russian Government offl. dally changed the name of the country's capital from St. Petersburg to Petrograd. Both names have the same meaning- i e the town of Peter. The change was made because the old name of the city was of Germanic origin, Its founder, Peter the Great, having distinctly German Ideas The new form Is purely Russian. Bosnia and Herzegovina , A. D. M.r-Austrla-IIungary acquired Bos nia and Herzegovina In 1908 by annexa tion, v Cleveland and Buffalo ' L. R. U. Cleveland Is a rreater railroad center than Is Buffalo. Cleveland h" twenty-three railroads. Including seven In" terurban lines; Buffalo has twenty a greater export and Import freight tonnage passes throueh tho nort nt m.I.i.- i, r through the port of Buffalo, the former being the second port on the Great likes. SAM LOYD'S PUZZLE A CHARITABLE lady met a poor man to whom she gave one cent more than half of what she had In her pursa He spread the news and to 'the second applicant she gave two cents more than half of what she had left, and to tha next she gave three cents more than half of the remainder, and then found that she had only one cent left. How much money had she In her purs when she tat ArT. rtlll'T IH Tom Daly's Column THE SECOND COXtiVn (A Lincoln Dlrthdsv fancy, loi. J made their cry: ' "? 'Oh, that our Lincoln' sfronp, unbend "1 J i urag Might loom against this uild And .Lincoln came. lie was as when he lived, the quaint a4 , 14 ,.., fm novgh cashct of the living heart BH gold. ' '' 1 "And these." he thoimht. "..... ... -I longer sneer, 1 A Areas of old." nut they, with lifted faces all aflame l Beheld their hopes' new MojjomlWi "We have no leaders worthy of the naman ne bent on them his cryptie smile oncjM more; ne gave them timely truth in (ougljk hewn jests fm And laid accusing finger on the tore f In their oivn breasts. And all his words Pride's ancient ar-nerf jouna, t And all his words rebuilt dismantled 'J years, jt fnf 7if ff, ,,- ,-t.!f .. 1.1... .. . Ja . .... .. ,,. ,....,., ..,.,,; mm nrnuna JI fJretti ifnrfc iclfh sneers. TRUE, we promised a skating epic for'! yesterday's column, but tho river ice'1 fllvvered; nnd besides, wo were busy ;1 reading Charles W. Moores's "Life of si Lincoln ror Boys and Girls." We ar" always a very small boy when we ad-' proacu jjiiicum, jinyvvay, wo Know of'i no bettor life of tho great man than thUll book, from the press of Houghton, ; Minim & co. War Talk A man In Kensington has his system '1 so chock-a-block with militarism that hi1! has begun to refer to his whatyoumay-" callcms as submerlnos. 1 From over here It looks ns If the suf.-J fraglst blockade ot the white House ltfl a compalgn for tho freedom of tho shes." Has anybody heard tho Kaiser an-i5l nounco ho will eat his Christmas dinner M In Kalamazoo? 1 Will ho bring along the Clown PrlnceT'SJ Some hyphen said tho Germans could capturo tho Hawaiian Islands with eaae,M Did ho mean Japanese? )i FILBERT. "Wpnder If that word 'rubed' Isn't about right In that locality," says Shoey, Bllpplnf ji us this ad: 1 jl A visit 10 our snoe room win give youd nn Idea of some of our Ideas. The 'wel-, come' on the mat Is nearly rubed off, but' the 'welcome' In the nlr Is manifest at sllh times." Boehm s Bootery, Independence,, Kansas. FROM Meridian. Miss.. Bill K. report'-; "meeting up" with Llde & Cheatham,',! dealers in drugs, seeds and paints in that' town. . rt Piker! Here's limelight for that all-too-common guy 1 Who, bound by old 'King Mldas's fettera.,1 Sees witn a greeay gutter in nis eye is Tne envelopes stampea 10 insure repiy a And uses them for other fellows letters, "3 WM. TENN. The Blundering Amateur Bala's "Millionaire Fire Company" gotj into action nc ii:-a ociock ihbi ihsiji, ma n fire swent through the stables of tha 3 Crew-Levlck Company, at Union and BalaC! avenues, and for a time endangered a Die 4 nil tank nearbv. fci Morning contemporary, 'yl NEW YORK, Feb. 9. At the sale of tha qj Frederic R. llalsey print collection ronigni, n ........ I. n.,1. t. rM rt TMlarialnhl!l. nnlri S40Q - for "Morning The Fisherman's Departure,". n,,i aik fn "r-venlncr Tho Fisherman's M Return." both by W. Ward, after R. CoiuH bold. fii ThR Idea being, we suppose, that thfi extra $35 was for the day's catch; UttltJ enough In these days. : ... it Dear Boss I must take Issue wltn joutj favorite evening paper on ino k" " .... .... m ... , Q,.....4av'e 1 the weatner as set inrin in ii"(;; snorts extra. ' ? HE WEATHER . Hereabouts It Is changeable enough t. merit the pronoun sne, it any. ug The New Materia Medica fa.t.u ...... j. l... U A.B antIJ?att)l A group of self-appointed guardian, of J the Nineteenth Hole were aiscussins ""- fact that medical doctors are prescnoins; hanrari BVanen hnhltft nnd thoughts W til ever Increasing frequency, nnd medlclrwi with corresponding infrequency. t One of the number, an M. D. of hlJH; standing, Informed us that he fully con curred In that Idea, and cited several casei, In which he had prescribed no medicine whatever, and others In which the medicine, was harmless and given only for its mentaij "But what did you give these persons for. tnelr money t asKea some one. i "I gave them advice," was the reply. r "Yes, but did that cure memi hw terrneator continued. . "Well," replied the Doctor, "nea,,'1'S wouldn't cure them, and as I can tell thesH some of their symptoms from hearing tneiSj described by other patients, they know , understand their case and are usually MJ: Isfled with an explanation of the cause or their condition, and come back for more. . Here a scientific fellow an electrical en gineerInquired: "How long does one cum keep a patient satisfied?" A "Oh, we nre resourceful there," laid " Doc. "For Instance, most of these csitl are nervous cases, and for them we navs a schedule of explanations which ws w out In regular order. First, we tell tMJJ their condition Is an auto-lntoxlcatlon due to putrefaction of undigested food in ", Intestines 1 when Uiat wears out we iaa back on the psychological gag. ana u ' patient dliproves or tires of this, we sui . .,.- .-., .,.- -.,.!.,. tinrtlnn Oi nave ino luuuro ui um ,ci;nw ".-sj the, Intestine, and if necessary we can fM lost together In speculation as to the p nl avert bv tha ductless elands." "And you think that entitles you to y fees?" put in a bold cuss. tTar-ii Till llli..t..l. I, ..nll. the Oll, All lltUOlllllC, .IJ.,, -"-J,i, who was nothing If not good-natured, rj haps I am Impelled by somewhat tne m Hn.AH Mhlnh AA,..& a A..(Aln ll. J.. IC-BUII ll.ll WUKU C VM ,. - ". whom my banker told me, to wear onj glasses. Mr. J. naa a loan irom i - and whenever his .note fell due htjrov come around wearing a pair of great, D-nlnlv Villi eneetarles and tell SUCh a ft luck storv that the banker hadn't the hs to refuse him n. renewal. One day a : was leaving the bank he met a friend, w was overheard to ask him, 'Bay, J a r wear those things down here to win ?", pathyT' 'No,' says J I wear 'em p Keep a straight lacei " 1 HUGH MEWM i 1 jii Long John Geraghty, the guy who I the bliss In publicity, rises to that tha perilous trip, otthour aaraaa the w i h .1 . ' . Alw .wj.A.ju Ofi. ij, ,
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers