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EVENING LEDGEB PHILADELPHIA, TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 15, Idh
EVENING &&& LEDGER
PUULIG LKDlVEU COMPANY
CTIIUB It. K Ct'ItTIB, rxr!Dr."T.
John Orlbfcel. Vice President i Geo Vf Ochs.Becretaryt
John C. Martin, Treasurer: Churle II. trtidlngton,
Philip 9. Collins, John It. William, Directors.
CDtTORIAb BOAKD!
CtRcs II. K Crime, Chairman.
P. . WltAIJir Executive Editor
JOHNO. MA11TIN .Otneral BualniManBr
Published dally at PrBiic t.rtxirn TlullJlnc;,
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DELL, 3000 WALNUT KEYSTONE MAIN 3000
C Address nil communications t Evening
ledger, Independent' Hqtiare, rhtlaMpMa.
Ar-PUCATIOV ItADB AT TUB I'lllLADZLr-HU rOSTOrrlCH TOR
ENTBI AS Srrn.MWIjm MAIL MATTER.
PHILADELPHIA, It ESUA1 . SUIEMIIEII 15. 191 1
reject men who havo prostituted the party to
their own purposes and are using It as ft
cloati to hldo their delinquencies and to con
ceal their moral malfeasance. It means a
willingness, even n. promise, to place the pub
lic weal above the exigencies of party
service. Doctor Brumbaugh, by word and
action, Is seeking to disassociate himself ns
much as possible from Penroselsm,
Mr. Penrose commands a machine qulto ns
Inimical to the success of the democratic
experiment In America as militarism Is to
freedom and liberty In Europe. Doth nro
autocratic, both destructive of tho "finer per
ceptions, both grasping and vengeful. And
Penroselsm, In addition, Is corrupt! noto
riously so. Bettor no protection and no cus
toms houses whatovor than to eecuro them
through such an instrumentality,
Mr. Penrose In tho minority Is worth noth
ing to Pennsylvania In Washington. His
election would Inhibit his being ngaln In tho
majority. When tho Republicans control the
Senate thoy will not bo Republicans of tho
Foraker and Penrose typo.
PASSED BY THE CENSOR
..(
n
I
I
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$
Why the Evening Ledger Fights Penrose
rnHB lamontablo conditions Which render it
J. Impossible for a paper believing in Re
publican principles to support the Republican
nominee for tho Senate must likewise be
BUlllcIently grave to make his defeat a public
necessity. If tho record of Mr. Penrose
absolutely forbids support of him by a
respoctablo newspaper, quite obvlouuly a
decent regard for tho welfnro of the State
and nation requires that newspaper to bring
nil of Its influence to bear to can so his defeat.
Ho Is either so objectionable that tho Even
ing Ledger must fight him, or ho Is not
objectionable enough to Justify a refusal to
Indorse him.
Middle ground for a newspaper In such an
exigency Is cowardly, tn fact, tho Evening
Ledger la not only confronted with a para
mount duty, but with a splendid opportunity
for service. The independence of its view
point causes It to bo observed by the forces
of good government, without respect to
party, in all parts of tho Union. Men bo
lleve, and have a right to believe, that at
last there is in tho East a great metropolitan
dally which will speak boldly, without fear
of Interests, corporate or popular, and stand
irrevocably for good government, no matter
undur what party banner.
Whatever tho standing of Penroselsm In
Pennsylvania, It is hated and detested in
every other State of tho Union. Nowhere
else is there any attempt to defend it. The
failure of the Evening Ledger to wage an
energetic campaign against it could bo inter
preted In but one way. Tho paper's sin
cerity would be questioned.
Manufacturers beliovo that Mr. Penrose
will bo able to wrlto tho nest tariff bill If
Republicanism is rehabilitated. That is an
erroneous view. No party would dare enact
a bill written by Mr. Penrose. A Republican
majority in Washington would find some
other chairman for tho Finance Committee
of the Senate. The seniority of Mr. Penrose
would not count.
Pennsylvania manufacturers misinterpret
the signs of tho times qulto as sadly as did
the Southern slave-holders. The election of
Mr. Penross would hamstring the Rcpub
J. "Jinan campaign In 1916. With Penroselsm
around tho nock of the party, what chance
would It have in Illinois, Indiana, Iowa,
Michigan, Ohio, In any of tho pivotal States
which showed so plainly in 1912 that thoy are
through and done with the mothods of Pen
rose, Foraker and that class of men? It is
well understood that tho Democracy would
view a Penrose triumph with a light heart,
being convinced that It marked a sure freo
trade victory In 1916.
The Evening Ledger owes a duty to the
nation. It must conscientiously work for tho
rehabilitation of Republicanism. That can
only be brought about by tho defeat of Pen
rose. His elimination Is necessary to purify
the party, to persuade the nation that It is
purified. It is a medicine which the true
friends of the Republican party will insist on
Its talcing.
There la but one position for tho Evening
Ledger to take. It must declare, as the con
'dltiona prove, that this is a moral issue. Tho
economic principles of Mr. Palmer It cannot
indorse, but his political morality It can ap
plaud. As between a man of high principle
and .. thor man whose political record Indicate.-
i'o principle at all. It must stand for
the 1'iimer. A tariff Is but one of many
thiii,. - on which a Senator votes. On other
thi -'- Mr. Palmer la sound. A political revo
lut at so great us to give a chance for a new
tat iff would bo great enough surely to assure
a majority In the Senate without the aid
of ono Pennsylvania vw Oliver is (.'ill
thero: and the loss of one vote which the
defeat of Mr. Penrose would entail, might
readily mean the gain of five or ten votes
from other States, which otherwise would
not send Republican Senators to Washington.
So i"r as local Interest Is concerned, in all
his ' irs In Washington, for Phllaielphia
Mr, I'- urosehas done practically nothing. The
Dslavt tiro has been neglected, the customhouse
1h a disgrace and the postofAVe is little bet
ter. The freight of the nation has flowed by
Philadelphia ana on to New York. It should
h-.ve stopped her It will when the Oo .
finment, State and rational, does to, rmirh
for the port as has ren done for New York.
Rut while Mr. Penrose controls affairs there
will be no difference. Hla Inureata are all
in ono direction.
Tho Evening Ledger loyally proves Jta Re
publicanism by its support of Mr. Erura
baugh. It demonstrates Its allegiance to
national Republicanism and good government
by calling the voters to provj that P-n-roaeiwn
is not Repuhlieantsrn, by ahr.wir.g
that bis defeat la a prerequisite to the sue
cess of the party in the nation, by support
ing Mr, Palmar, not because, but tn spite, of
hla tariff views.
Advocates of good government can Justly
pay. "If the Evening ledger to not for us It
is against us"; but not to be against Mr.
Penrose Is to be for him. The political
machinery that he directs flourishes in dark.
Hem. Silence is the support It craves. A
newspaper that acquiesces now In the eleo
tlon of the Organisation's head cannot with
any power right against the Organization
Itself In the approaching municipal elections.
There can be no neutrality when Its methods
aTe before the electorate. Mr Penrose must
be defeated, and it is legitimate and right to
use the only Instrument that Is available for
that purpose.
The Evening Ledger is an Independent Re
publican newspaper. What does "Inde
rteadent" In this connection mean other than
a purpose to save the party from itself when
occasion demands9 It connotes an intention
to support only those party candidates who
are worthy. It Implies a determination to
Quit Talking: Get Busy
THE pcoplo aro for rapid transit. They
nro for it In a hurry. Moreover, thoy
intend to get iL Thoy are tired of tho con
stant bickering over minor sums, as If this
wero a poverty-stricken municipality Instead
of one of tho most lightly debt-burdened
cities of Its class in tho world. They aro
disgusted with the attltudo that to get rapid
transit thoy must sacrlilce other projects.
They havo no sympathy with back-pulling,
hesitant statesmen, who aro first, against
any appropriation whatever to clear tho way
for actual subway construction, and, sec
ondly, when threatened by an uprising of
business men in protest, reluctantly consent
to provide the money; but only by taking It
away from some other meritorious and nec
essary improvement. Tho public Is positively
nauseated by the provincial vision of men
who seem utterly incapable of comprehend
ing tho Imperial future of 1'hllndelphln.
Tho United Ruslness Men's Ascoclatlon to
night should reject all compromise. It prob
ably will. Certainly tho membership will bo
quite unable to appreciate tho argument
that tho city Is too poor to relocato sowers
and also build nn Art Museum for the hous
ing of some of the most valuable art treas
ures in the world.
Tho Finance Commlttoo of Councils has
put Itself In an utterly untenablo position.
It can retrieve Its reputation only by n
square and fair reversion of policy. That Is
what it is expected to do and what the busi
ness men of this community should Insist It
must do.
Democracy If the Kaiser Wins
IT IS not merely to gain favor In this coun
try through American fondness for tho
name "democracy" that Count von Uerns
torff and other Germans aro prophesying nn
accelerated advancement of the democratic
principle, as n result of tho present war. In
the Empire of tho Kaieer. Mind you, they
are not predicting tho downfall of tho Em
pire, llko those who assert that only through
such a disaster can democraoy prosper. They
see plainly that, whether or not the Imperial
banners shall wavo In final victory, tho
triumph of democracy is already In prog
ress. Such a triumph Is not of necessity
brought about by violent revolution, and,
moreover, tho thing that a people Is slowest
and most reluctant to change, or suffer to
be changed, is its form of government.
Tho story of triumphant political democ
racy is a story of accumulated constitutions
and charters, grants nnd bestowals. Usually
tho possessor of the power desired by tho
peoplo has parted with them grudgingly,
sometimes only as tho result of coercion; but
often they have been transferred as gifts of
gratitude or rewards for service. It will bo
exceedingly strange if tho servico of the Ger
man peoplo to the Fatherland In this crisis
is not rewarded, and Count von Bernstorff.
who is In a position to speak with some au
thority, says that It will he. That the Issue,
in thoir minds, is not autocracy versus de
mocracy is abundantly proved by tho atti
tude of tho Socialists in tho Reichstag and
the country at large, for in Germany tho
Socialists aro the representatives of political
democracy. The Germans aro fighting for
thoir country, not for a new form of goven
ment, and when all classes in a nation will
ingly bear heavy burdens for the same patri
otic cause there is bound to be, In victory as
In defeat, a stronger sense of Independence,
and finally a larger measure of political
equality. German democracy wins, which
ever way the winds of war may blow.
In England the cause of popular liberty
was marvelously advanced, without coercion,
during the reign of the greatest absolutist
among tho Angevins, Henry II. and, as Dr.
Frederick A. Cleveland sa g in hia book on
"Organized Democracy," H has frequently
fared better under a monarchy than under a
democratic form of government.
Givo Every Child a Fighting Chanco
MORE than H,000 public school children
tn Philadelphia over 10 per cent, of
this year's enrolment v. Ill have to bo con
tent with half- or part-time schooling this
year. This condition of affairs has been
chronlo for some time and is not only dis
graceful but indefensible. It la full of dan
ger for the community and for the children
themselves, and should bo remedied at onca.
The tamo condition, only in an aggravated
form, exists all over the United States. Of
ir.e 80,000,000 children of icim..l age. only i
about 60 per cent, attend kcbool for even
half the year.
In Philadelphia fully IB.ooo children who
graduate each year from the public schools
are forced Into the "blind alley" of industrial
life and recruit the ranks of the unemployed,
dependent and delinquent clafases.
The firm basis of a Republic tb the educa
tion, tho thorough education of its citizens.
This means a eeat in school, at full time, for
very child of school age. In Philadelphia
particularly, a city of homes, there can be
bo aatlsiactory cjccusei for Inadequate echooj
facilities.
As an Ambassador, it appears A. Rugtcm
Bey Is an Incomparable conversationalist.
It Is dltfteult to understand how the qr
man army ean ba flying from France when
It baa been reported that both Ua wings were
crushed
Th9 "War Horse of Reform" comjea hack
to tha city today. The Mayor is reported to
be in excellent health and ready to tails up
the cudgels In behalf of good, government
with renewed vigor.
Food Prices in Philadelphia, asjde from the
important Item of meat, are lower than tn
any other elty of corresponding size In
America. Luscious raspberries, which are
almost unobtainable in New York, may be
had here for 7 cents a box. Cantaloupes are
retailing at S cent here and XO cents In Now
York, And bo on.
EVER!' time Israol Zangwlll's name ap
pears In print, Oeorgo C. Tyler, who pro
duced "Tho Garden of Allah," lays In a new
supply of sackcloth and ashes ond xololms
"Mca culpa; men maxima culpa!" And Inci
dentally, ho says unholy things about a cer
tain e.T-dramntIo critic now a resident of
Philadelphia. It alt happened In the daya
when Tyler had Just turned tho financial cor
ner wllh "The Christian." Tho dranmtlo
road had been full of hard sledding, and his
nrst big success had Increased his bank ac
count to man's slzo. Then, Into tho verdant
and unsophisticated llfo of Tylor cropt that
nefarious critic. In the latter's behalf It may
bo said that ho has reformed now and Is try
ing to llvo down his critical past.
At nny rnto, tho crltlo had Just read Zang
wIIPb "Children of tho Ghetto," then newly
published. Full of misplaced enthusiasm lie
went to Tylor and urged hltn to havo It
dramatized and produced. Tylor "bit," and
as subsequent events proved was bitten, for
when the piny closed after a while, Tyler's
aforc-ruontlonod bank account had been do
creased by sonio $20,000.
ABOUT tho only thing In which James
Gordon Iloniiett, owner and editor of the
Now York Herald, not to mention tho Paris
edition nnd the New York Evening Telegram,
showed hesitation, was In matrimony. It
took him 73 years to got married: It never
took him T3 feeconds to reach any other
decision. In fnct, his precipitancy has been
notorious on two continents. This Is best
exemplified by n hnppenlng one Thursday
morning. Without warning, the Now York
olllco received u cnblo dispatch from Paris,
signed with the usual "Rennott," ordering tho
suspension of the Evening Telegram. Thore
was no renson given and as Ronnett's word
is law. no one nsked for an explanation. Tho
stnff was dismissed nnd then thero camo
another dispatch to resume the publication.
Sinco then tho Evening Telegram has be
como Hennett's best paying property.
THE next time some British friend reminds
you thnt lynchlngs take plnco only In tho
United Statei, nsk him or her If ho or sho
has ever heard of nn historic lynching In
Edlnbutgh Tho reply will most likely be
"no," yet John Porteous was hanged by a
mob In 173G, and the entire populace was
delighted beyond words. Porteous was cap
tain of tho guard and was known for his
wanton cruelty. In a street riot ho had
forced his men to lire Into tho crowd, sevon
being killed and more than L'O Injured, Ho
was placed on trial for murder and found
guilty. A reprieve was granted and Porteous
was placed in the Tolbooth. On September
7 a mob formed, took the keys from tho
jailer, het nil tho prisoners frco and dragged
Porteous to a tree nnd hanged him, after
first torturing him.
DURING tho last striko of tho cloak and
suit-makers in this city, there came an
Influx of gunmen from New York city real
"bad men" of tho "eat-'em-allvo" type.
Stories of their prowess nnd fire-eating pro
pensities wero spread broadcast to scare
away 8trlke-bruakors until Detective Isaacs,
of tho Central Ofllce, appeared on tho scene.
Single-handed ho marched up to the three
leaders of tho gunmen. Taking one in his
good right hand and another in his equally
good left, ho bumped their heads together
with precision and force. Then ho took tho
precious trio to Broad Street Station, put
them aboard a Now York express and told
them politely and all that, but sternly never
theless, that it would be wise to "beat It"
before real trouble ensued
Plnco then Philadelphia lias been freo from
gunmen, nnd the Philadelphia police force
has a reputation among New York gangsters
nf being brutal in the extreme Impolite, In
fact.
A..L ye housewives who make your hus
bands get up early these, chill mornings
to light the kitchen fire, take noto that tho
man who invented the kitchen range as con
stituted at present, was ono Benjamin Frank
lin, a native of Philadelphia and said to have
1 een intimately connected with certain Inci
dents of our Revolution Franklin first In
vented a stovo to burn bituminous coal
which consumed Its own smoke, having a
downward draft. Later, ho devised another
design, uhlch had a basket grate and mov
able bars at the top nnd bottom supported
on a pivot The top would be filled with
kindling, then the basket would bo Inverted
and the fire would burn at tho baso. Tho
Franklin Move is still in uso in many parta
of the United States, although thero hnve
been hundn Us of improvements and modifications.
tts
, Wiifllr
A
BIG oaks frm tiny acornB grow, even to
the extent of developing into a reigning
house llko the II ips-hji-gs. Away back, hid
den In the mits of history, a Count Rudolf
von Hnpsburg was riding toward a atream
at which stood a nr nk. unablo to croBs. Ho
told the Count that he was on his way to
shrive a dying man and the Count lent his
horse that he might continue on his errand
of mercy. The next day tho monk returned
the horse.
"God forbid." fxclalmed tho Count, "that
I should ever ride u horse that has carried
the Saviour to a dying man," und ho pre
sented the animal to the Church.
In the cuiiise of tlmo, tho monk became
chaplain to th Prince Elector of Mainz. A
now Kmiwror woe to be chosen anil the for
mer in'-iiK "-uc-esttd the namu of Rudolf von
Hapsburg And to It came about that Ru
dolf was chosen Emperor of tho Holy Roman
Kmplre. the precursor of poor Franz Josef.
TWO bos near Media found a pot of beau
tiful green paint nnd a brush. They also
dlsoovt-rtd that their father's horse was a
dirty whiu So they started to paint It
green- When they had finished the tall and
ono hind leg. father came upon the scene.
"Bo8," he said, "as you appear to have a
penchant for art. you may paint the picket
fenca around the old homestead green: both
sides, mind you, and no play until you are
done."
That Is why the boys have decided to be
come desperadoes or reporters or something
similarly dreadful. BRADFORD.
CUIUQSITY SHOP
Despite all notions to the contrary, history
does reiteat itself occasionally, and from the
diar of John Evelyn, a contemporary of Sam
Ul Pepys, this appears proved. Under date of
July 15. 1883. Evelyn wrote:
"Tae Public was now in great consternation
on tho lato plot and conspiracy; Ilia Majesty
very melancholy, and not stirring without
double guards; all the avenues and private
Uo'jr about Whitehall und the park shut up,
few admitted to walk in it-
"The Turks were likewise in hostility against
the German Kroperor. almost masters of the
Upper Hungary, and drawing toward Vienna.
On the other side the French King (who it Is
believed brought In the Infidels) disturbing hi
Qponlih and Dutoh neighbors, having swal
lowed Up almoit all Flanders, pursuing his
ambition of a fifth universal monarchy! and
all tlits blood and disorder In Christendom had
evidently Its rise from our deteotlons at home,
In a wanton peace, minding nothing but luxury,
ambition, and Io proeure money for our vices.
To this and our itrollgion nnd atheism, great
Ingratitude and oolf-lntereati the apoetney of
some, and the suffering the French to grow so
great, and the Hollanders so weak. In a word,
we were wanton, mad, and surfeiting with pros
perity; every moment unsattllng tho old foun
dations, and never constant to anything. Tho
Lord In mercy avert the sad omon, and that
we do not Provoko Him till He bear It no
longer I
"This summer did wo suffer twenty French
men-o'.wnr to pus our channet toward tho
sound, to help the Danea against the Swedes,
who had abandoned the French Interest, we not
having ready sufficient to guard our coasts, or
take cognUanae of what thoy did: though the
nation never had more or a better navy, yet
the sea had never bo Blender a fleet"
On July 19, WW, Evelyn' wrote In his diary!
"The Marshal de Bchomberg went now as gen
eral toward Ireland, to tho relict of London
derry. Our fleet lay before Brest The Con
federates passing the Rhine, besiege Bonn ond
Mayence, to obtain a paBsago Into Franco. A
great victory gotten by tho Muscovites, taking
and burning Perecop. A now robol against the
Turks threatens the destruction of that tyranny.
All Europe in arms against France, nnd hardly
to be found In history bo universal a face of
war,"
IN A SPIRIT OF HUMOR
On the Just and the Unjust
Knlcker They are looking for a war tax that
will fall equally on every ono.
Bocker Then tax the rain. New York Sun.
Morning Sunt
From a ehort poem entitled "Daybreak," by
Prof. Goorgo Herbert Clarko:
"Bunt Sunt Bunt Bunt . . . .
Bunt
Sunt Sunt Bunt"
Sounds llko a prejudiced nowsboy.
A Pulling Story
The Texan pulled tho dontlst's bell,
The dentist pulled him In,
Tho Texan pulled his Jaws apart,
And bado the Doo begin.
The dentist pulled his forceps from
His case to pull tho tooth,
And then he pulled the wrong one out;
Ho was a careless youth.
Tho Texan pulled himself upon
His feet and pulled a gun;
An ofheer then pulled them both.
His name was Sergeant Dunn.
Dunn pulled a tip from each and o'er
The Judge's eyes pulled wool;
Thoy both pulled out without a fine,
For Dunn posbessed a pull.
New York Telegraph.
A Dual Alliance
A Michigan paper announces the marrlago of
Kathryn Cannon and William Popp. Wo hope
that so bang-up a wedding will not be fol
lowed by a state of war.
Compensation
If it Is true, as our buslnoas philosophers tell
us, that "those who never do more than they
get paid for. never get paid for more thon they
do." then it is quite clear that if you want to
get paid for more than you do, you must do
more than you got paid for. Even a philoso
pher ought to aee how Impossible that Is, but,
of course, the truo philosopher cannot bo ex
pected to hesitate over a mero Impossibility.
Life.
A Grave Mistake
From the first chapter of the Belgian Com
mlpslon's romance of German deviltry:
"On August 12, after the battlo of Ilaelen.
Colonel van Damme, commander of a Belgian
regiment, was lying wounded on the batUcfleld.
Several German soldiers found him,
and placing thslr revolvers against his mouth,
blew his head off." For this barbarity, at least,
there is tho very beet of evidence. Tho vera
cious Commissioners have an aflldavlt from
Colonel van Damme himself. Baltimore American.
A Question of Ownership
Alkali Ike And no Slippery Sam died with
his boots on, eh?
Broncho Bill No, he died witli my boots on.
That's how he came to die. Boston Transcript
Taking No Chances
"Gllson yonder tells mo he trusts his wife
implicitly and absolutely, but"
"Well!"
"Well, I should notice he carries his change
and hla fishhooks loose in the same pocket."
Judge
The Floppy Farmer
The shades of night wero falling fast
When up the fence row blithely passed.
Through creosote and Paris green,
These grim trespassers on the scene:
One army worm.
One chinch bus.
One Hessian fly,
One cut norm.
Advancing each before Its kind.
They gave the wiggle-wag behind,
And answering with buzz and whizz,
Their trusty troops invaded viz.:
One wbentfltld.
One Held of oats.
One cornfield.
One potato patch.
The farmer slumbered In hla bed
While pleasant fancies roamed his head,
And dreamed of getting after bit
A. few farm luxuries, to wit;
One automobile,
One lighting plant.
One tractor,
One silo.
But where the setting sun had shone
Of opulence remained a bone,
Clean-picked aa frost denudes the trees,
And what the farmer had were these:
One sale.
One trip to a new farming country,
One trip back again,
One start all over.
Wall Street Journal.
The Railroads and Washington
There is no possible doubt that In many In
stances the tux (the proposed tax on freight
traffic) collected from the shipper will rvach
the ultimate consumer as a double market
price of the artloles so taxed; there is no
possible doubt that In all instances It will mean
final costs very much higher than they are
now-New York Press.
DONE IN PIIILADELPriM
NOW that Baltlmoro has had Ha Star-Bpan-glod
Banner celebration, In commemoration
of tho 100th anniversary of tho writing of Key's
Immortal song, lot us glance a momont at Phila
delphia's sharo in popularizing that anthem.
Whenevor n song aohloves enormous popu
larity thoro usually appears on the untroublod
waters a controversy that Is carried over from
one generation to another. So it has boon
with Key'fl song, which, llko Hopklnson's "Hall
Columbia!" did notVlglnally bear tho title by
which It Is now known to countless millions.
Tho controversy In this Instanoo, however,
does not rofloct upon FranclB Scott Key, but
ragos around the Identity of the composer of
tho music. Like many another controversy of
similar character, this ono has been eottlod a
good many times to tho satisfaction of some
of tho disputants; nevertheless, thero seems
to bo a good deal needed to entirely clear tho
atmosphero. A Phlladclphlan, too, has engaged
In this ontertalntng occupation, but It Is not
about him that I want to chat today.
It was In tho pages of a Philadelphia maga
zine, tho Analectlc, which In Its tlmo was tho
foremost monthly In this country, and not sur
passed by any In London, that Key's poem
first recolved a printed form that might bo
callod permanent. At that tlmo, also, it still
was unnamed.
Key wroto his poem, ns Is very well known,
whllo ho was on a British ship that was on
gagod In the bombardment of Fort McIIenry
In September, 1814. It Is descriptive of his
thoughts and feelings, aroused ns thoy wero
to a high pitch of patriotism, and when he
roturncd to Baltlmoro after tho unsuccessful
bombardment ho gave tho manuscript to a
friend, who soon had It put In type In ono of
tho Baltlmoro newspaper oiTlces.
It was entitled "Tho Defenso of Fort Mo
Henry," but even this rather weak title for
so lusty a song could not destroy Its influence.
It was by nil otlds tho best poem produced
during tho War of 1S12, and, as usual, Key
did not know that he was doing the best thing
of Its kind ever ponnod. Genius nearly always
falls to recognbo Itself. Somo ono has to place
tho wreath of fame on their brow before they
understand.
The pooin was printed in nearly every news
paper of tho tlmo as soon as it camo to the
editor's hand. But whon tho editor of tho
Analectlc, at that tlmo Washington Irving,
Raw tho poem in tho newspapers, ho did tho
best ho could to bestow tho wreath.
Ho placed it at tho head of tito poetry In tho
Novomber number of tho Analontlo, 1814, and
introduced it with a description of tho circum
stances under which it was written. At tho
same tlmo ho wroto that It was far too valu
able a piece of verso to permit to bo lost.
Thus It camo about that tho first literary
recognition of tho Star-Spanglcd Banner came
from a Philadelphia magazine.
But thero is another chapter to this.
Tho first man to sing the Star-Spanglcd Ban
ner also was a Philadelphia, and his descend
ants havo nrouscd a great deal of controversy
because of ono slight remark lie made about
tho circumstances of this first public singing
of tho Immortal song.
To bo exact, there was not one who sang tho
song first, but two, tiio brothers, Charles and
Ferdinand Durang. Thcso young men, who
were tho soni of a performer in tho old Chest
nut Street Theatre, nl.so wero connected With
the theatrical profession. Charles Durang was
a dancing master hero for years nnd wrote a
history of the Philadelphia theatres. Both of
tho Durangs enlisted In tho Harrlsburg Blues
whon thero was a call for volunteers to repel
tho British, who wero going strong in tho
neighborhood of tho Chesapeake. Thoy wcio
In camp near Baltlmoro and Rtntioncd at Fell's
Point.
They wero In Baltlmoro soon after tho at
tack on tho fort and thero wero handed a copy
of tho poem. Now, hero Is whefo tho con
troversy begins.
According to Charles Durang's version of this
event, he read over the song nnd said to his
brother, "This would make a good national
song." And thereupon ho began to search for
a piece of music that would fit tho words. Ho
said that lie went through his trunk and pulled
forth n well-known song, thon very ropular,
ontttled, "To Anacrcon In Heaven," and do
cided that it was Jubt tho thing.
Of coun-o, the words did lit. They fitted to
a nlc.ty, because evidently Key had the meter
of the drinking song in his head at the time
ho wroto. It was not tho first time the sumo
music had been used to tho words of an Amer
ican patriotic song. Thoro was "Adams nnd
Llbeity." written by Rolieit .Treat Pnlne 11
years pievlously, and nt this time widely known.
It is probablo that Key know it better than ho
did thn original "To Anacrcon In Heaven."
which was an English song sung by tlio Anac.
reontlc Society, which ho thought was the air
to which his song should ho sung.
Yet, on tho strength of that tomark about
finding a pieco of music to fit, some attempts
have been mado to bellttlo Durang's version or
how the song was first sung in public
It is well to toniembor thnt thoso who woiild
ieny Durang the honor ho claims for lil.m,ir
nnd brother havo not attempted to Jetignato
any other plnco or circumstance under which
thu song first received its public presentation.
In his valuable treatise on our so-onlM na
tional Fangs Mr. Bonneok. of the Library of
Congress, gives a list of m0ro than 40 books,
article;) nnd other material that refer to the
history of that ono song. Mr. Sonneck's boob
wns printed five years ngn. nnd I bellee ho
would now ho comiRlld to ,.Ve dmj!(, u
length of Mb list.
As to the real authoishi,, ,t u,e music, the
result of tho various controversies thus far has
been to even further obscuro the point
The Rev. Pr. If. T. Henry, president of the
Cathollo High School for Roys, ond Dr. Ort.
tan Flood havo been engng..,! in un of the
muai uuiiiuraiu contiovtiklvs about thu -
of tho nlr of tho Ktw-KpuugU-.i Ua,,,., Uwt
VAST VOLCANIC CHAIN
LINKED COASTS OF U. S,
Geologic Proof Thnt In Prehistoric
Times America Seethed With AcuV
Craters from tho Atlantic to tU
Pacific
That tho completion of the Panama Ctn.t
should bo signalized by tho bursting forth ef
a volcano tho only llvo ono In the Unite
Statos-'was as startling aa It waa unexpected,
says M. C. Fredorlok, In the Boston Transcript
.To those familiar with tho geology 0f ,
uviuu uuui, jiuwuvcr, wio monuestation 0CJ4.
slons no surprise.
It Is a strango story geologists tell u. ,
(1, - II !. ., iL.i ""01
... .......,., guooi-mai ages ago its monn.
tain peaks, more reefs In a great expanse of
sea, roso to such a holght that Santa Barfcw.
Channel was a vast valley, over which doubt,
less roamed tho elephant, camol, lion, abr.
toothed tiger and other animals whose feim
remains are;' scattered over tho country trA
somo Of whtoh aro found on tho Islands. Then
tho land again sank beneath the sea and ajad,
arose, and marine fossils aro found In atmn.
dance along tho shore nnd on tho mounUia
tops many miles from soa. Imagine the sun
prlso of tho old gold hunters to find th
skeloton of a whale at an elevation of a thou
sand fecj. and two hundred miles Inland.
And ngea ago, aa wo havo seen, tho land alts
had Its baptism of flro. nadiatlng from mlddli
California In soparato streams, scientists telt
us, tho lava flowing north bocame a fioel
burying tho smaller Inequalities and enclrollnj
tho larger, until It covered tho greater portion
of northern California, northwestern Nevada
nearly all of Oregon, Washington and Idihe,
and reached for Into Montana and British
Columbia. Arizona and Now Mexico were elio
Involved. Tlio Columbia Rtver cuts throuih
lava throe or four thousand feet thick, anala
a cut In tho Deschutes River thirty auccesilrt
sheets of lava may bo counted.
But that was many thousands of years atoi
being at Its height In tho Mloceno perlodfl
Slnco thon nctlvlty In tho United States hti
gradually diminished until it practically ceutll
within tho last few centuries, with occasional
bolatod manifestations, as at present
Even in historic times there has evidently
been n marked diminution of such plicnomaatl
on our Western coast. Spanish exploren
expressed tho bollef that there wero volconotil
In tho coast rango of Southern California. Thli
may not have bcon so entirely Imaginative u'
is generally supposed. In tho desert east o
Daggett lava beds and craters have beea
rcporica, oi so recent a lormation that some
boilovo them to be not more than 200 years oil
For some tlmo aftor tho settlement of Santt
Barbara thero waa a "volcano" on the sv
shoro, either tho gonulno article or burniiuj
petroleum. At tho tlmo of the earthquakes of
1913 a now volcano was reported back of Pint
Mountain.
An old geography of 1S15 calmly remarks thU
"California is a wild and almost unknown Und.
In tho intorior nro volcanoes and vnt
plains of shifting snows, which sometlmei
shoot columns to groat height. This would
seem near lncredlblo wero It not for the HtW
authenticated accounts of travelers."
Tho entlro region of Yellowstone Park,
Wyoming, waa in romarkablo volcanlo activity
at a comparatively lato goologlcal period, and
the lingering phenomena still produced consti
tutes tho most romarkablo scries of natunl
wonders of any equal area of tho globe. Then
is also a small geyser region, of a hundred or
two boiling geysers, with their accompaniment
of sulphur, Raits and alkalis, In the mountain
of central California.
In time, no doubt, the Pacific coast will
become as settled as tho Atlantic side, whlci
in enrly goologlcal times, wo aro told, appar
ently had outbursts on a grander scale thu
nnythlng known In historic times, for oxampH
tho enormous floods of lavas which with tufu
and sandstones form tho copper-bearing serlei
of Lake Superior, which havo a thickness at
thousands of feet
Tho const of Maine, the region of Boston, thi
Connecticut Valley, tho Palisade of the Hud
son, through Pennsylvania, and elsewhere,
show traces of anclont volcanic action, an!
tho samo may bo said of many countries of
Europe whero volcanic life Is now extinct
Alaska, Mexico nnd South America still shw
more or less volcanic activity, but In all the
known world there Is but ono Stromboll, In tht
Mediterranean, which has been constant!?
discharging lava for more than two thoui&al
years.
has yet been waged, lioih
nr rignriM highly
ttvaMua
JraMut..
-..
lyiHIJ 'f ' ' ' " ' llja
as authorities on cenuriii ,.,,.,... . .
far as 1 cm glean from their anieWs Ui nUes.
tlgn of tlia ftuthorahip of tho tuna i ma m,
dehalfthla ground. wu m
Thtro is a groat deal of literature yet to he
written aaout Key. iiuu, ,tfJm. whkh ,
on Mm back of bii eaveiop.
, l,tA,sv,,w
TUK T4U&MAK
ilcury Von !)'& in the Qulaak
What is Fortune, what is uaist
Puttie guld uud phantom umm
nieass burted in , Wl
Qlory written on a grave.
What fcj Friendship? 81- ,w
Kith19,,1?'' - SWlfll
Wealth that greateu. wWto se -'
Pralto that heartens us t llv
C'orae. my trUtui aaa
Life's true tallsjaa,, u ,ftve7 mms
By this charm we haii iuae
Poverty and solitude.
The Hague, 19IL
M
THE IDEALIST
Duo to tho grace of God most of us rt
whole limbed.
Do you know what It really means to be aM
to walk along with your legs doing their full
duty, with full-grown ond unimpaired armi
swinging In harmony with your stride, witb
eyes peeing every passing thing, with ears hear
ing all sounds?
You will not know until you are deprived ol
ono of thnm.
Tliose of us who nro wholo-llmbed have won
out In our chances. Those who are not n
lost. And the most mntter-of-fact men on rt4
will admit thnt llfo does contain a huije itptt
of chanco.
A crippled man a bright, cheerful chap-"lt,
gave the reason for his extreme and contlnuM
iitato of happiness. His reply made sroni'
men of his heaters.
"Because all of my friends treat me as
of themselves. Thoy offer me no regrets. wWA
after all. nro useless. They never refer to wf
misfortune. They talk freely with tn as"'
were as well equipped physically as any "M
of thorn."
Thero Is tho secret One of ourselves' TW
of It when rude Instinct prompts you to itu
at a cripple passing you on the street
There eMsts among most folk who have tM
denrived of a nnitlnl us nf thoir tiodles a WI1
degreo of sensitiveness with respect a 4
cusslon of their particular ailment T-e slU11
est mention of the topic often sends tlie mlw
of such a ono Into a season of brooding
Under this comes the too frequent extendi
of sympathy, the too much offered hand o!
help. Note how your unfortunato friend
proud to do things which you were not "
tu rmild do.
Suffering humanity needs all the help van ct
give. Rut do not forget that In extending fce'
mental attitude must be taken Into tonstd"1,
than, as well as a physical deficiency
Do not permit your helping efforts to 'mP'
sUo the plijtlcal gulf between' you and the o
.yon help. THR IDEAI'IST'
The Wastes of Peace
Ths war lias brought Into a whiter light "
oyer the Immense waste that goes on In &'
crnment In tin-ma tt Cnntrma wc-uW
play a high card by looking this question "
In the face now. when world-wide economy "
the 4Ulivord-.Mln,iM1,olU4 Jounml
OF Pnitra
Van Shortbllt-Ah! Now confess1 Would"' I
you like to be a man?
Miss Swlft-Of course' Wouldn't youT-J,J't