THE LANCASTER INTELLIGENCER Pl7/3LI3IYED E'rEBY WEDNESDAY BY H. G. SMITH & CO A. J. STEINMAN G. SMITH a .4n6l:3—Two Dollars per annum payable In all cases In advance. Tun LANCASTER DAILY INTELLICIENCER le published every evening, Sunday excepted, at $5 per annum in advance. OVVICre—SouTIIVEsT Cou:era oa CENTRE SQUARE. Vortrp. THE THREE CHAIRS. They sat alone by the bright wood fire, The gray haired dame :tied aged sire, Dreaming of days gone by • The tear drops fell on each wrinkled cheek, They lioth bad thoughts, t hey could not speak And each heart uttered a sigh— For their sad anti tearful eyes descried Three little chairs placed side by side Against the sitting-mom wall ; Ohl-fashioned enough as there they stood, Their seats of flag and their frames of wood, With thelribacks so straight and tall. Then tI4 sire shook Ills silvery head, And wade trembling volt, he gently said: ''Mother, these empty chairs! They bring us su c h sad, and thoughts to-night We'll put them forever out of sight Inn toe small, dark roan up stairs.- But silo a nsworell Father. not pet; For I limit at Lb rill, and I forget That the children were lt Way. The hOys 1,1111, back and our Mary, too With her apron nn, mf eln•elcered blue, And tilt here every day. " 1 / 1 1,k front the Itllliays deep, WIII le wakes from ,I battle-field sleep, To say good-night to nu•; lklary's Ir wire and a mother no more, Butt a Bred child whose play-tlme Is or, And rotors to rest at my knee. "So let them stand there, though empty 111110 Anti every I line Moat ilium 51.5! At the Father's thrime to pray, we'll n.ic to toy et t he ,•1/1111,11 II our SSIVinUr'S 110111 e of rest and I 0%, hire ilo child goeth away... i)oN'T LE.% E rArt,r. onne, 1,”y., 1 have ten P.: Cop, nearer. 1 w.Julll whisper It low— YIPII an• thinking or I.ut lllg the homestead— Is• 111 IL Ilsrry T 111.1.11 v 1111 n tilsny alLnwliotts, Hilt hunk nil Ilt.. III , ! WIto•hl llnns• in t ho votl., 111 1:1.1111111. lioW soon 111 , . 11001,s! Yo. tau< "r 11, 111111, of Ni.inina— Tiwy . ,t• vostllliy In g , 11•1, rln n• , 1.1 in I ill' farm, Isiys, If yoll will ~111,.•11.,,,•1 It out. Thd• lor•rg•nrtt llfs Is It Ilitt.ar.l, The n,,. is ars Ilrsl 111.411, sr.! hit 11s111•1 . risk llll . lliii nir111:..1111 , - in a hurry to SCI. knot,' that in• ;las 111, 11114111. , , 111111 ; Inn wealth Iv not olay, 'MY.' - Don't 1,. 1:1 a horry TI,, hanker., and hr. liers are wean hy, They Lille In 111 , 11 . 111 , 01,..1.1 , nr ,1; /lilt I hill ,11'111r•ir (raw',awl 11eeeptIon4. Don't Ins 111 a Inlrry 10 go. farm Is I lie •:110,1:111.1 surest The gireliards are ',Jaded la-day ; I ' l/11 ' 1 , :1s 11e. ILIt he 1111111111:iltis, A inoratreli of :ill , survev. Better stay I lie laral 'I IIIIIILIII pratlls 1,111.• 111 rat ; V 111 1 .,• 1,1111114 . 1•1 ‘, 1 , 1111 . 1 IJI• in a /111rry I , 14, •ru 1 E.l IL'S EMIT FLO W is I Wit. It 1.:1i , •111111Ia; 11! Stritrig.. I I.• now? Tit...l:y 1 , unty ; Ir•lty... urmin.l 1..1 ; 'rite autumn day. .1.1.-witi•r...l I Willi vlllOl,lll, I I,' 11,4 v. ,vlii I 'lilt 1111 W, 11111,1 VV,1111i,11.11.11101.15Z1, ban'. All'l 111.• air. All wr.,111...1 art 111 , 111 \Vint g.,111, W11 , •11 11.01 i 11,11411! l'onld I la•Ilevgold stork, now ra• Innnl, ~viv I Thou 1.41.1 111 . Intl '•.r Itt 1110 1 . 1.•11 TO 1,10,it Iril , ulil itilr:g A nil t• , , titt•h•t• -.h.. , tit . ,• it]. ~ , rtt,r nil; 11. , , rtlfithit4 Itritttk, I should 1,. Itititlt, it•tt,trt• 1••••1; A child, I ,dalgld vliat la 1 , 1 try, ruin I. int.! II" M . 1.11 :1111 For Ilt•vt•r gl , sign gold. "Nvas guilt.da 11110 01 : 0 . 110141 , •KVOII, in OP% MOO lON'. thy \V itt•lt littz• I litttigh! W 114.11 iiitzid bigigh ! ling,' hough! svi , iirik . high str.a.ilit,t A , Ilthl and Si'l! it 114.4.41 fill (if 11 n4l Srhi.lmit's lore, T he irtli,'.l,llllng roils hor lli•iii•ohirth 11111, :Olt 1111. i plltil . lll . l. Till`!! (Ve14 . . 1111e . fle.h sh,sht \Vitt•il itliscelanrotts Barometer, or Weather-glass Next to the question, " \Vhat is the time?" is the morning household in quiry as to " What will the weather lie? A barometer, as well as a clock or watch, is d , ually tole finnid in every house, but the reason din• its weather indicating useillntions is too frequently passed over as practically unimportant, or regarded " one or those things which no fellow eau comprehend.'r The instrument itself is exceedingly simple in constriwtion, and the principle upon which it acts 1:( readily explained. To arrive at simple but correct data for determining the present or forth coming stale of the weather, the fol lowing instruments are indispensable, viz: a barometer, n therlllollleter, 1111(1 101 hydroAter, in connection with the observed direc, ion of a weathercock. 111 , two 1110t1S1111(1 ye:u•s the 1111e1111111ella on wluielu the Ile -11011 ho weather-gloss is dependent (now referred to the pressure ut the air, were explained by the dogma of the an cient philosophers—that " Naturc (11,- 11111.0 it nn•aunt. " It was noticed that space was always filled Wllll some ma terial substance, and that the moment a solid body was removed, air or water always rushed hi to till the space thus deserted. I [mice it was concluded that it was a universal law of Nature that space could not exist unoccupied by matter, and the above phrase was a fig urative expression of this idea. Thus when the piston of a common pump was drawn up, the consequent rise of the water u•as explained buy de claring that, as according to the nature of things a vacuum could not exist, the water of necessity rushed into the space the piston had previously °CCU pied. In the middle of the seventeenth century philosophers discovered a limit to Nature's abhorrence of a vacuum. Some Florentine engineers, employed in sinking a pump to an unusual depth, round they could not raise water in the tube higher than ten metres, or thirty two feet. remarkable appeared this limit to their skill, that they consulted the great philosopher (A:dile(); hut though Ile Ilazllallglll. that:lll'lms weight, Ile failed to perceive the proper expla nation why tin water'eouid not be raised higher than )birty-two feet, and is said to have replied, that ".Nature did not abhor a vacuum abort• fru nwtrc.s.'' This engineering fitiltire led to 11 most important physical discovery. Torri vent, a pupil or I talileo, pursued the in quiry, awl reasoned 111:11 the force, whatever it might he, II 11 . 111111111113 sus tain a column of water ten metres high, in a cylindrical 111111., ❑rust be equiva lent to the weight of the 11111,4 of water sustained; conscquenlly, it another liquid, heavier than water, were em ployed, the same Corot , could only sus tain a column of proportionally less height. The liquid metal, mercury, being IttA times he.tvier than water, Torricelli ar gued that the Cmce that sustained a col umn of water tell metres high could only sustain a column of mercury 131 times lower, or about TO Centimetres high. To prove this, he made the following exper iment, one which has ever remained memorable in the history of science. 'corticoid took a glass tube, about ltLi inches long, open at one end and closed at the other; 1111,4 110 filled with pure mercury—having closed the open end with his thumb--and inverting Ort tube, plunged the open end into a basin of mercury. On removing his thumb, the mercury, instead of remaining in the tube, fell, as he expected, and after a few oscillations came to rest at a height or about Ili centimetres, or 30 inches above the level of the mercury, in the basin. The correct ness I( is argument being thus verified, lie further reasoned, that the weight of a column of air of the height of our atmosphere was just suffi cient to counterbalance or support a column of water about 32 feet in height or a column of mercury about 30 inches in height. This experiment. and the resulting doctrine, caused a ;great sensation among European Wilwitts, and (as is usually the ease when teachers have to be sent to school again to unlearn what they have taught) opposition. The cel ebrated Blake Pascal, however, re cognized the force of Torricelli's reasoning, and devised a crucial experi ment. '• If (said lie) it be really the weight of the atmosphere, under which we live, that supports the column of mercury in Torricelli's tube, we shall find by transporting this tube upwards in the atmosphere—that in proportion as it leaves below it more and more of the air, and has consequently less and less above it, there will be a less col umn sustained iu the tube: inasmuch as the weight of the air above the tube, which is declared by Torricelli to be the force which sustains it, will be diminished by the increased elevation of the tube." rhis argument Pascal verified by first sending Torricelli's tube to the top of dchurch steeple, and after wards to the top of the high mountain of Puy de DOM°. In the first Instance, ho found only a slight fall In the height drkir XNeattaOtet sintettiot?ce VOLUME 71 of the mercury, but in the second, the difference between the height of the col umn on the plain and on the mountain top amounted to nearly eight centime tres, or three inches. This experiment put an end to further controversy on the subject, and the dogma of Nature's ab horrence of a vacuum had to give plate to an established philosophical princi ple. If we repeat Torricelli's experiment, we shall notice that, on the mercury (which completely fills the tube) com ing to rest, a vacant space is left in the upper part of the tube. This is a vacuum, the most perfect one it is possible to attain, and which is known under the term of the " Torricelli vacuum." If we bring a Torricelli tube under the influence of an exhaust ing syringe, on working the pump we shall find that with each upward stroke of the piston, as the pressure on the sur face of the mercury in the cistern de creases, there is a corresponding fall in the column of mercury, and rise in the level of the mercury in the basin, as the rarefied air can no longer support 31) inches of the metal. If, on the other hand, we bring a Torrieelli tube under the 1 nfluence of a condensing syringe, on increasing the external pressure on the surface of the mercury in the cistern, the column of mercury rises, and the mercury in the basin fulls. As a column of mercury 30 inches high, and 1 inch superficial in section, has experimentally been proved to weigh, as nearly as possible, It; lls., and as such a column iri,a,l nearly as possible, that which the pressure of a column of air will support—it results that the weight of a column of air of the height of our atmosphere, and of surface equal to 1 inch sUperticial, will also equal, as nearly as possible, 13 lint our atmosphere, besides being a heavy, is also an elastic fluid—therefore con pre,i I.le—so the lower strata is con densed by the weight of its superincum Dent mass. The density of our atmos phere, therefore, cannot be uniform, b u t must liminish and become rarer as we approach its upper ; and this we can readily prove to he the case by tak ing a flask, closed air-tight at the foot or It 11101111 in, 10 the summit ; on open ing it, air will rush out of the vessel.-- (In again closing it air-tight, removing it to the base of the mountain, and re opening it, air will rush in. \Ve have thus far learnt that the mercury is sustained in Torricelli's tube by the pressure of the air on the sur- Mee of the mercury in the cistern, and that that pressure on a given surface of mercury is proportional to the height of the column. The experimental tube of 'Forricelli in (net, the instrument now Universally known as the barometer, its name being derived from two :reek words, signify ing tecight mr(tsarcr, though it is used as a measure or atom,oh,rio pressure in the same manner as we use a weight as a measure of mass, or an iro as a measure of angle. Experience teaches that the height of the column or mercury varies when kept at t h e saute level in the same place. Snell variations indicate corresponding changes in the density and elasticity of the surrounding air; when the air's density and elasticity are increased, the mercury rises; when they are diminish ed it falls. The column, therefore, measures the intensity of the atmospher ic pressure, and it is only necessary to . add a recognized scale, to accurately . measure the &V/a' the briromder and the variations in the instrument. In Germany, the old Paris standard is gen erally adopted ; in Frattce, the decimal scale; and in England, the English yard measure is employed for the barometric scale. It is commonly suppose 1 that a steady rise in the barometer indicates the ap proach of line, and a steady fall that of rainy weather; a sudden and great fall the approach of a storm, and a sud den rise the clearing up of a storm ; hence this instrument has popular ly obtained the name of " the weather-glass." The common barom eters are marked "Pair," "Change," "Rainy," etc., against certain points of the scale; but the sooner these terms are disused, by public consent, the bet ter, as they have no foundation on fact, innd are useless and misleading,. Though in general terms we may say that the rise and fall of the mercury indicates a change of weather, in reality the mere observation of either of these effects, taken alone, is not a sufficient guide. High. wind., electrical tension, and other causes not yet thoroughly understood, exert their specific influence on the pres sure of the atmosphere, either to densify or rarify it. In England, and in this country, no inches is taken as the mean or standard measure for the pressure of the atmosphere, and the variation rang es between 28 inches and :11 inches Other causes that influence the height of the mercury are: 1. The elhbrt of temperature upon this metal, which, like others, expands with heat and con tracts with cold, so that on a hot day (other things being equal) the reading would be higher than on a cold day. :3. When the mercury is rising, its sur face is slightly convex; when falling, concave, which inlay lead to a trifling source of error in taking the readings on the scale. 'l. Should the tube of the barometer be small, the capilla.ry attrac tion between the glass and the liquid metal would exert an action sufficiently great to create an error. When great correctness of observation is desired, corrections for temperature and capilla ry action must be made, for which pur pose tables of corrections have been drawn up by meteorologists. Should the smallest quantity of air creep into and up the barometer tube, it would create a serious deterioration to the efficiency of the instrument, for were but 1 lOnOth inch of air let into the bottom of the tube, on reaching the top orTorrivellean vacuum, it would expand to I inch. From these statements it will be ob vious that great care is required in the manufacture of the barometer, and the following are the points of construc tion : A clean glass tube, over 33 inches long, of a diameter that will render the column of mercury dis tinctly- visible, and reduce the capillary action to a minimum ; mercury chemi cally pure, and freed front air by boil ing; an arrangement for preventing air-bubbles passing up the tube ; an accurately graduated •scale, with some provision for correctly expressing the real height of the column from the level of the metal in the cistern. ISc.ides its use as au indicator of present or coming weather, the barometer is employed fur determining the height of mountains and other elevations above the level of the sea, and is of the greatest value to the experimentalist in determining cer tain physical properties of gases, vapors, etc. A Fertile Land Stockton is the point of departure to the Ivo Semite Valley. The fertile San Joaquin Valley, through a level coun try, is covered with wheat fields. The long lines of teams—ahnost invariably seven spans of mules or horses to the load—with three long wagons in line, loaded with bags of wheat, which we were constantly meeting on their way to market, gave us an idea of the fruit fulness of the country through which we were passing. This is a country of great ranches. At Trelford's ranche, where we stopped for a short time, the proprietor cut 10,000 acres of wheat alone this year, and will send to mar ket, of this year's crop, 70 . ,000 bags, con taining over '220,000 bushels. His ranche contains '20,000 acres, all of which he proposes to put under cultivation another year. The advantage that this country gives the farmer over the east is, that before the grain matures rain ceases entirely, and there is not a drop for the space of at least four months.— The grain, therefore, ripens in dry weather, is cut and gathered at leisure, thrashed in the open field, bagged and piled up as our farmers pile wood for seasoning. Allover this country, in time fields wheat is stacked and corded in this way, not only without danger of harm by the weather, but all the while improving by exposure. "Go Abet Mit Der Ere:" A fire was blazing in Ann street, N. Y., a day or two ago, and the flames were bursting from the windows of the shops. A crowd stood gaping at the sight, and firemen hurried to and fro, dashing great streams of water into the building. Some shopkeepers rushed about frantically and cried aloud about their "little all" being given to the winds. One cool and collected 'man stood with his hands in his pockets and gazed complacently upon the doomed contents of the stores. 'Go abet mit der fire," he said, "I bees all right. I heff my ensurance bapers in my bocket." The Donaldsonville Riot Where the Responsibility Lies The following is from the Ascension Republican, official organ of the parish, and " published for account of succes sion of late Marks Schonberg," the Mayor (Republican.) of Donaldsonville, who was one of the victims of the negro mob. Let this verdict of a Republican speak for itself: The investigation which was held by U. S. Commissioner Weller, closed on last Thursday evening, and the result of which was the committing of the two brothers Oliver fer the murder of W. C. Lawes and Marks Schonberg, without the benefit of bail. The testimony showed conclusively that both parties were murdered by the infuriated mob, led by Fisher and the Olivers ; and too much praise cannot be given to the Com missioner and the gentlemen conduct ing the prosecution as well as the de fence, for tile patience exhibited by them in giving the matter a thorough sifting: and thus the farce enacted by the great Oscar F. Hunsaker of organ izing the State militia fur his own po litical advancement, ended in a deep tragedy which will long be remembered by a heart-stricken community. Thanks be to an all-wise and kind Providence that peace and quiet have once more been restored to our unhappy parish and town anti the hungry wolves of prey have left, leaving their hellish work well nigh completed, having used every means in their power to destroy the harmony and good feelings hereto fore existing between the white and colored people of this quiet parish, in order that they may ride into power on the backs of the poor colored people, upon whose confiding nature they play ed like a charm. They cared not how many lives were sacrificed, but took precious good care of their own carcass es; and to-day we have no doubt they look back on their fiendish work with a smile .f gratification, and tint a thought of remorse or pity for those poor unoll'ending little children whom they have tirade orphans, thrown upon the cold world—the oldest scarcely able to crawl. The tears of the poor inno cent orphans will plead hard for a just retribution to soon overtake the villains who caused their anguish, and though they have succeeded in cheating the hangman out of four as big villains and scoundrels as ever graced a gallows, yet let us trust to a just (od that he will not permit them long to go unpunished. We will not undertake in this issue to describe the rascality practiced by those unprincipled scoundrels that caused the late disturbance, which re sulted in the death of two of our citi zens, one of hum was inutilated in a manner that would have given credit to the wildest savages on record, and hardly were their bodies cold in their graves, than they took advantage of lioblishing an issue of this Pitlier and throwing the murder of one on toe other, thinking that dead men could tell no tales, and thereby clear their urn skirts. liut murder will out, and the infamous lie fabricated by them for lile occasion was indeed so b u tte (hat it received no credence , from any one. We publish below the statenwnt of John C. Cheerers, Esq., a true and hon est Remildican of long standing in this community, showing conclusively that neither the Democratic nor the Repub lican party were the cause of the troubles; but those few hungry and ragged vagabonds, who sought to hide their acts mider the party cloak of Re publicanism. It becomes my duty as an officer of the State to give the public a fair and impartial statement of the late riotous disturbances that took place inn the town of Donaldsonville and its environs. I have, furthermore, been impelled to make this statement from the fact that the New Orleans Rpa/ilican has done in its power to misrepresent the whole affair and lay the blame upon the Democrats of the place. All the differ ent accounts given by the Republican I brand as falsehoods, and I understand full well their motive for such mis representations. The election of last Monday went tilt' quietly; not a loud word was heard. I reside in the town of Donaldsonville, and was there on the day of the elec tion, and then until Wednesday at 11 A. M., when the armed mob of 151111 negroes entered the town. The imme diate and principal cause of the disturb ance was about the ballot-boxes, as to where they should be counted. There was one voting place in the Fourth Ward, at the court house; and at the closing of the poll the Commissioners of Election were about to take the ballot boxes front the court house and trans port them across the river, about six miles below, at Mart hand's place. This the citizens, both white and black, (and the greater number were black,) would not allow. They all maintained that the court house was the, proper place, and the one fixed by law for the count ing of the votes. I heard myself a great 'nanny of the colored men make use of the expression that the ballot-boxes must be counted at the court house, and that they would die before they would allow them to he taken away.— The box for the Second and Third Wards I for there was only one box allowed by the supervisor for two large wards) was brought to the court house, and so were the boxes front the First, Seventh and Eighth Wards— making in all five boxes at the court house. The boxesof the First and Sixth Wards were carried down to the Mar chand place. The commissioners had received written notice fronts Dr. Hun ,aker, supervisor, to bring their boxes to Donaldsonville, where he would connt them. Some of these notices 1 saw myself, and I also sew two notices for the Seventh and Eighth Wards, directing the commissioners to bring their boxes to the Marchand place. Mr. Charles N. Lewis, taw of the commis sioners of the First Ward, told me that on Tuesday morning, the day alter the election, lie received an order from Hun maker to bring his box to the Marchand place. On Tuesday, Nov. S, a commit tee of the commissioners wtrited upon Supervbyar Hunsaker at the Marchand place, email requested him to come to Donald.,:onville and count the ballot at the co•urt-house as directed by law. (See see. Hof the registration act, and sec. 53 et the election law, P-;70.) To which Inc answered he'd be dannned if he On Tuesday morning it was rumored about town that the militia were coining to town for the ballot boxes, and the l:a•esence of a large crowd of uniformed men on the opposite aide of the river indicated that there must be some truth in the rumor. At this juncture, the citi zens, both black and white armed them selves and proceeded to the batik of the river, for the purpose of driving them back, in ease they attempted to cross, and it had been found out that they were the St. James militia men, orga nized and armed by Judge Brig. Gen. Oscar Hunsaker, late of the Confed erate Army. The first that attempted to cross the river were four militia men, in a skill: As soon as they landed they were ordered to surrender. All of them surrendered but one, who, attempting to run away, was shot in the thigh. The others were treated as prisoners, and Judge Morris Marks had them locked up for safe keeping, fearing lest the cit izens would get excited and do them some bodily harm. The prisoners stated that they had been sent by Supervisor Hunsaker after the boxes, and that they did not think there was any harm. At the time of their landing, a large body, aboutseventy-five, of uniformed negroes started from the opposite shore on a fiat used by the ferry men for carrying horses and buggies across the river. But as soon as they heard the shot and saw the demonstration on the shore they re treated back. AU day Tuesday it was currently reported in town that the St. James militia were assembling in force on the Donaldsonville side of the river. The town was thrown into great excite ment and alarm. The stores and places of business were closed, and the citizens commenced to get ready for an emer gency, for the militia had threatened to enter the town, burn it down, and butcher all its inhabitants, irrespective of age or sex. The citizens were reliably informed that they were massing some few miles below the town. During the day (Tuesday) a little army of about fifty of the citizens divided themselves into three squads, under the command of Major Mauran, Judge W. C. Lawes and J. J. Claverie, for the protection of the town and the lives of its inmates. On Tuesday evening Judge Wm. C. Lawes and Mayor Marks Schonberg, with a flag of truce, In a buggy, proceeded down the river to the parish of St. James, to in il. 4 _ t •* '' Ikl 1i 11 Itkl 1. . I ; I 1, : I terview Judge Gen. Oscar F. Hansaker and get a military order from this great I militia general, directed to the leaders of the armed mob of negroes or quasi militia organized and armed by 0. F. Hunsaker without any authority of law and encouraged, aided and abetted by his Excellency H. C. Wanuoth. From all we can hear, they did receive an order, and on their way back Tuesday night they were set upon by these mili tia pets of Warmoth and Huusaker, and in cold blood assassinated, and their bodies hacked and disfigured in a most horrid manner with cane knives. Marks Schonberg was an extreme Radical.— Wm. C. Lawes was a prominent citi zen and lawyer, and was very popular with both white and black. The pre posterous idea put forth by the Repub lican that Lawes killed Schonberg will be laughed to scorn by all who know anything of the affair. It is known, and by thesons of Schon berg, that Judge Lawes was not armed at all, for one of the sons told him to take sonic arms with him, which be re fused, and laughed atthe idea_ Besides, Schonberg was shot througt`the heart by a minnie ball and his back was per forated with buckshot. Judge Lawes was shot in the back with buckshot and horribly disfigured with cane knives. The bodies of the murdered men were discovered by Mr. Mire, au overseer on the place where the affitir took place, and he reported the same in town to the cit izens on Wednesday morning. On Tuesday night the little army of citizens proceeded down the river and threw out pickets, remained there all night, expecting an advance of the ene my, but nothing was done. There was, also, another crowd of about three hun dred armed negroes in the rear of the town, camped On the same night. Mr. Rodrigue and Joseph St. Martin were Out on picket duty. Mr. Rodrigue was captured by this party. They disarmed him and kept him all night. Mr. St. Martin made his escape. 'Wednesday was the eventful day. The news of the butchery of Judge Lawes and Schon berg had reached the ears of every one, and thegreatest consternation prevailed, and we were credibly informed that the strength of the armed crowd of negroes was over 1,000 men. This news struck fear into the hearts of all. Early Wed nesday morning sonic of the leading citizens advised a few of the citizens to leave town. Major Maurin, J. J. Cla verie and Dr. Franklin sent for one Pierre Landry, a yellow man, and a can didate for the House, and one of the leading men of the people. They con ferred together, and it was not long be fore I saw riding into town three of the leaders of the armed crowd of negroes Their names were Nathan and Harry Hayes and one Vincent. After the interview with these lead ers of the armed limb of negroes, Mr. J. .1. Claverie proclaimed about town that the town had capitulated to the mob; that about fifty or them would enter the town for their satisfaction, release their tnen captured the day before, and to take prisoners threeof the citizens of the town, dead or alive. They were Felix Reynand, Lorenzo Gomez and Samuel H. Fields. Mr. Claverie also ordered the citizens to disarm themselves, and that they had promised that not a hair of any person's head would be touched, and that he and the prominent citizens of the town had taken the whole re sponsibility of the peace and good order of the town upon themselves, and that they would also give up the ballot boxes. I told Mr. (lave! ie that I indorsed all that he said, and to give them the ballot boxes if they wanted them, for I knew this would still make the whole election null and void. About 11 A. M. I heard the sound of the life and drum, and in marched, about, in my judg ment, 1500 armed negroes, composed of cavalry and infantry, armed principally with Enfield rifles. 'They marched by fours, arms at left shoulder shift, kept step, and appeared to be well drilled. They were commanded by one Joseph C. Oliver, the recently' elected Sheriff of St. James, and his brother Celestin, of St. James. Jos. C. Oliver is a candidate for the office of Sheri ffof St. James. At the head of this armed mob I saw one Fred. E. Dirge, the editor of the Ascen sion Republican and Assistant Super visor and Commissioner of Election, and lie not of age. I also saw David Fisher, a negro appointed by Warmoth as the Chief Constable of the parish of Ascen sion, when there was no necessity for the river parishes had always been quiet and peaceable. But the object was to further the election of Oscar F. Hu n saker to the State Senate from that dis trict. As moon as I saw the extent of this armed mob, and seeing these two Oliver brothers, both of whom I had ar rested some time ago for mobbing me at a public meeting and disturbing a peace ful assembly, I thought it prudent to leave the town. I met Mr. Chas. (leeks, the State 'lax Collector, and as we stood talking, Mr. Numa Molare came up and told Mr. Gecks that he had heard some thing and he had better leave town.— With that I told Mr. Decks, let us both leave. \Ve crossed the bayou ferry, and had just crossed when a squad of caval ry mob were placed as a guard upon the ferry. We walked up the river some three miles. Mr. Alex. Landry, a can didate for the House, was with us, for some of the armed mob had pointed him out as one to be spotted at they marched by flint. \Ve crossed the river in a skiff went to Mr. Landry's sugar house, and took the Bart Able that night. At 12 that night passed Donaldsonville; saw one house on fire. The foregoing are the facts just as they happened. 1 lay the whole blame of all this trouble, first, on his Excellency H. C. Warmoth, for appointing 1)r. D. S. Hunsaker Supervisor of Registration for the parish of Ascension, without his be ing a resident of the parish or a citizen of the State, in violation of a constitu tional provision. For no person can hold any office of honor or trust unless he is a citizen of the State, and to be a citizen one year's residence is necessary, which Dr. Hunsaker has not been. Dr. Hunsaker was appointed in the interest of his brother, Judge Hunsaker, and the grossest violations of law have been practiced by him while acting. Instead of keeping his office at the court house, as directed by section _Got the registra tion act of 1570, he kept it at the house of Mark Schonberg. As an instance of his illegal and op pressive acts, two brothers by the name of Lear went to his office for the pur pose of registration. He registered the oldest, and asked him who he was going to vote for. The man replied for Judge Marks for the Serrate. He then asked the younger brother, I both cololed men,) who had bean registered two days be fore, who he was going to vote for, to which he responded, for Judge Marks. He then asked him if he was registered, and if so to show him his papers. On receiving the papers he tore them up, and quietly told him that he thought he was not old enough to vote. I could give a hundred instances of total viola tion of law on election day. Men were imported from the city to act as com missioners of election, instead of being residents of the parish. as the law di rects. Men who did riot know how to read and write were also appointed as commissioners, in open violation of law. Young men not ofage were also appoint ed. I stated above that I first laid the cause of the late disturbance to War moth. I now, secondly, lay it to Judge Brigadier Gen. Hunsaker, who was ap pointed Parish Judge of the parish of St. James, to fill the vacancy created by the resignation of N. Underwood by Gov. H. O. Warmoth, in open violation of the Constitution of the State, for he was not a citizen of the State at the time. He was appointed against the wishes of the people of the parish, both Democrat and Republican. But Gov. \Varmoth wanted him there to run for the Senate, and Warmoth defied the people and the leading men of the Re publican party. Six months ago, Hun saker sprung the campaign in St. James; had himself nominated for the Senate by a packed convention. He had men in the convention representing wards that they did not live in, and who lived in the same house with him. He com menced immediately organizing the mil itia by issuing commissions of officers to all the preachers and leadingcolored men on the various plantations. He had them formed into companies and drilled, and to-day he is reaping the reward for his exertions in having a lot of ignorant negroes to arm themselves, set law and order at defiance, constitute themselves the power and kill and destroy whomso ever they please. The Democrats took no active part in the election, and nominated no candi date. Every one ran independent. There was no regular Rebublican ticket. Very respectfully, JNO. A. CHEEVERS, District Attorney, Fourth Judicial District. The Fashions New Styles In Bonnets, Furs, and Dry Great is New York, and Broadway is its prophet! And so we are fairly launched into the maelstroom of dissi pation ; and as the sighing winds of December wail a requium over the dy ing year, sweeping with many a dreary gust the " paleaud hectic leaves" from the trees, Madam Fashion turns a fas tidious nose at her rustic cousin, Dame Nature heaven knows how many de grees removed,) and is imbued with a profound sense of her duties to herself and society. It is evident that we are returning to the shapes, in bonnets, of the First Em pire. Madame Fashion is quite as ca pricious as her fair votaries, for, within a month, styles have perceptibly chang ed. The flat crowns and pelite bonnets with which we were threatened are fast disappearing, and the bonnet of the pe riod is quite as defiant and saucy as the girl of that name. La Republique, the dainty Gipsy and the Nilsson, are at present popular. The Republic with its low-flat crown is destined to have a short reign, as larger frames and coquettish Gipsy will undoubtedly be worn during the season. ,R is excessively becoming, rich as well as simple, in black velvet with ostrich tips curling around the brim, or the long plume floating grace fully at the back over the braids now so universally worn. Hats with very high crowns, the trimming having the effect of causing them to rear like towers, have been seen. To convey a better idea of rather grotesque hats, one must turn to I the comical wood-cuts representing the I fashions of our respected foremothers, half a century ago. Fancy, in tine, a little woman, whose face will appear to be in the middle of her body! To be in proper keeping, waists are gradually be coming larger and shorter; and though Are an eternal round at pleasure," these, too, are succumbing to the relent less arbiters of fashion, while slight figures assume a lean quaintness, a sug gestive voice inquires, " And our femi nine Falstaffs*.' Flowers are not so much worn in bon nets as formerly, feathers arid the ban deau of plaited colored velvet taking their place. Handsome jet ornaments are also used on black velvet bonnets.— Valls of the old style have been resus citated from long oblivion, made of black dotted or thread lace, a yard long, a string run through the hem and tied around the hat or bonnet. These are more graceful and more becoming than the little scrap of lace used of late to flatten the nose and otherwise distort pretty faces. For an evening bonnet we may mention an exquisite gipsey of white silk and lace, upon which, care lessly arranged, is a mist of snowy Ma rabout, and a few leaves of aqua marine, moist, as with sea spray, trembling drops of dew shimmering upon a water lily on the side of the bandeau. Strings of cool pale green of the tint of the foam-capped wave, suggestive of sea-side ramblings. Regarding dress goods, the variety is so bewildering, it is difficult to enumer ate the rich melange spread before one. Silks of thr‘ heaviest brocade again br ng back nremories of our foremothers. At the late opening of the palatial store of one of our merchant princes, where day and evening all of the beauty and fashion of the city hovered like hum ming birds in and around the enchanted portals, the superb display makes one again wonder how that extravagance is to be supported which has become a ne cessity, making the marriage of conve nience the ultima thule of existence.— Shawls at sl,ooo, fiouncings of lace at sl2.s . per yard, parasol covers at the same price each, were lightly tossed about by dainty fingers. A magnificent dress at 8450, of regal purple silk, had a superb court train of black velvet, trimmed with chantilly lace, and passementerie studded with jets. The train could be looped at pleasure, and the costume turned into a walking dress. Another dress had seven or eight flounces, edged with scarlet velvet. To this was attached uu exquisite point lace berthe and cape. The colors most popular for the street are the red plum and the deepest tint of the rich Burgundy port, and dark brown. Black is extensively worn.— An extremely , di.stinguc toilet is com posed (,fa black cashmere long overskirt and basque elaborately trimmed with guipure or thread lace, and wide jet or namented gimp, or passententerie, as gimp is now universally' cal led. Where gimp cannot be easily obtained, the g,ar men t can be ornamented with braiding in narrow silk braid, which can be stud ded with jets. Tastes vary betweeir the long overskirt and basque, and the long polonaise; either is equally fashionable. Satin trimming is entirely superseded by velvet in ribbon or bias bands. Many long overskirts are open in front, and mrule very bouffant by loops at the back. The polonaise', very full behind, with postillion basque and closely-fitting front, is looped gracefully back on tire hips, drawing the front so tightly as to present a series of wrinkles or folds, rather distressing to one who dresses by line or plummet, yet it is entirely e regle. Beautiful shades in velveteens are ex- hibited in deep ruby, bright garnet, plum color, claret, &c. These are very heavy silk finish, and closely resemble silk velvet. They make rich costumes in the long skirt, looped artistically over the silk petticoat, though are not so fashionable as cashmere. Thick rich moss trimming is popular, accompall ied by a heavy crimped fringe. Velvet bands edged upon each side by frayed ruches, simulating fringe; box plaitings of silk and velvet, with bias feathered ruches; deep bias flounces and two nar- I rower ones, headed by double rows of I black velvet ribbons; plaited flounces, with broad velvet bias bands; wide plaited band; narrow ruffles, ill groups of live, fobr, and three, separated by Lands of velvt, are some of the prevailing styles for trimming dresses and street costumes. Very expensive sashes are still worn, but are generally falling into disuse; fan-shaped ornaments of the dress material, elaborately trimmed and extremely bouffant, are worn, as well as bows and looped ends. Bonnets and gloves should always correspond with he dress, unless Wad; is worn—then an admixture of well contrasting colors is admissable. Postillion basques in black velvet aro very fashionable, or a velvet postillion call be added to around waist. Dinner f•osturnes are very elegant in two and three colors. For example, a steel-gray silk with bands of violet velvet, edged with fringed ruches of the si lk,a box plaited flounce of alternate silk and velvet at the bottom. The cor sagesiunihatesa violent velvet vest made square, with [ay postillion Basque of ofsilk closed at the th mat with ruffles of point lace thesame style of ruffle falling over the hood. Silk skirts are extremely frill at the back. Overskirtsbiade open in front, hanging long and straight be hind and looped at the sides, are deci edly the proper style for large or stout ladies; those of more slender form should make two or three deep plaits in the center of the gores at the side. On this sew strings, which must be fasten ed at the back ; or five or six plaits are allowed when a large tournure is worn, which will produce the fold acros4 the front above described. Plaited flounces can be ornamented by buttons, hearts of velvet, or little frogs in jets. Some of the custumes for visiting and evening are too elaborate to admit of description. In expensive trimming the utmost latitude is allowed ; at the same time exquisite taste is preserved. In furs, there is a decline in prices. Seal skin takes precedence of astrakhan this season, through the latter is very fashionable yet. Alaska sables are pop ular and cheap ; dark mink still holds its place ; long boes as well as short ones are more fashionable than collars ; muffs are quite small, with fur or elaborate passetnenterie tassels. Enameled jewel ry has been revived from long oblivion. Diamond-shaped rings are seen, repre senting the beautiful head of some god dess, with tiny diamonds in a crescent on tie brow, or set singly on the neck. Rings ear-rings, and pin correspond.— Enatitel in odd arabesque designs are prefered, and are exceedingly pretty. We are seeing the last of buttoned boots. In their place we find boots cut lower than formerly, laced on the instep, and a still newer style, laced at the ancle, which cannot be too much commended as giving freedom and elasticity to the instep, thereby adding more grace to the walk. Tight lacing and buttoning of the boot as it has been worn, produced that tottering,cramped movement which has been so often criticised on the prom enade. The downfall of the chignon Is at last fully confirmed. Women were long ago disgustecklyvitla the style ; but fate is fate, says the opium-steeped Musselinan, and fashion is fashion—so few dare to rebel. What with crimping-pins, baldness pro duced by heating chignons, braiding, and the expedients resorted to during the last few years, there's not much hair left to boast of; so, fortunately, the change in fashion has arrived in time, or the next generation, who follow maul ma's styles so closely, would arrive at maturity with bald heads. •••- • • • An exquisite fabric called Ottoman silk, in rich heavy reps, is very fashion able for bridal dresses, costing eight or nine dollars per yard, but from their soft, heavy richness requiring very little trimming, as in the case of thinner fa brics. Irish poplins and gros grains are more In favor than satin or lace. The style for very elegant dresses, at full dress weddings, consists of the short un derskirt with a magnificent Court train, where this is trimmed with bands of uncut velvet and a narrow heading of white ostrich feathers , with the vail and flowers of point lace. It is difficult to imagine a costume more elegant. The corsage is cut low and the form envel oped in the tulle vail four yards long. A pretty conceit is the rail dotted with tiny orange blossoms. Whatever the position after, the bride must start in life with a gocxilyouttit ; experience will tell the rest, for "when you come to be married, Sammy," said the senior Mr. Weller, "you'll know a good many things as you don't know now."—N. F. Tribune. =l3 An Unpublished Piece or 11Intory [A COPY., NultTll ATLANTIC' SQL'AIIII , IN U S. FLAusulu NIALvEus, CAPT. FEAIt RIVER, January 21st, ISers.l My Dear Sir: I received your kind letter of the lith instant, and thank ou warmly for the confidence you re posed in my good opinion that this place could be taken. To the Navy De partment alone is the country indebted for the capture of this rebel stronghold; for had it not been for your perseve rance in keeping the fleet here, and your constant propositions made to the army, nothing would have been done. As it was, after the proposition had been received, and General Grant promised that troops should be sent, it way not done until General Butler consented to let the matter go on, and when he hoped to reap some little credit for the explo sion of the powder boat. Now, the country gives General Grant the credi t of inaugurating the expedition, when, on both occasions, he permitted it to go im properly provided. In the first place it had neither head nor tail as far as the army was concerned. In the second place he (Grant) spilt too few men, when he ought to have calculated that the rebels would have more strongly de fended the works, after seeing what a narrow escape they had. Nothing but the most desperate fighting and a de termination to win on the part of the army gave us the victory. Tire gallant band of sailors who fearlessly went into the works amidst a shower of canister and bullets, drew the enemy's attention away from the assault on the land side and enabled the troops to obtain a se cure footing. I don't say this to detract from the gallantry of the soldiers, for never did men tight harder or more handsomely than did our troops that day. Now that the most important fort on the coast has been gained, as usual you will hear but little of what the navy did, and no doubt efibrts will be made again to show that the work was " not substantially injured as a defensive work." To General. Grant, who is al ways willing to take the credit when any thing is done, and equally ready to lay the blame of the failure on the navy, when a failure takes place, I feel under no obligations for receiving and allow ing a report to be spread from his head quarters that there were three days when the navy might have operated and did not. He knows as much about it as he did when he wrote to me, saying " the only way in which the place could be taken was by riming the ships past the batteries," showing evidently that he had not studied the hydrography of Cape Fear River, and did not know the vir tue there was in our wooden walls when they went in for a fair stand-up fight.— Any fort in rebeldoin mu be taken if we can only get in reach of it. I have served with the Lieutenant-General be fore, where I never worked so hard in my life to make a man succeed as I did for him. You will scarcely notice in his reports that the navy did him any service, when without the help it has given him all the way through, he nercr would have been Licutcnant-Urneral.— Ile wants magnanimity, like most offi cers of the army, and is so arari,ion, as regards fame that he will never, if he can help it,do justice to our department. When the rebels write the history of this war, then, and only then, will the country be made to feel what the navy has done. do not feel at all kindly towards Gcn. Grant for the indifference he displayed in this matter until he found his own reputation at stake; then he was glad to throw the elephant overboard, that had weighed him down so heavily. He could not help but know that General Butler was going in command of this expedition. The matter was constantly discussed with him ; he knew that he had placed himself and all of his nu merous staff on board the Ilagship Ben de Ford, and everybody spoke of him as commander of the troops. Ina conversation with General Grant,l expressly told him that I wanted nothing to do with General Butler, and he prom ised MC faithfully that he should not haCe any connection with the expedition. Two months I waited, the fleet ready to sail at an hour's notice, and I acquiesced in the General's decision that lie could not spare troops for fear of endangering the defences in front. I said, "then the expe dition will not go until Butler has a fin ger in the pie ;" and sure enough, when Butler said go, we went.. The fear of weakening the defences disappeared on Butler's presenting his plan for blow ing the forts down, and an army was slapped so quick unprepared) on the transports, that they almost sailed in the middle of a heavy gale. General Grant knew that I did not care a lig for the powder boat, though I was very N% Ming to try the experiment, but not disposed to trust it altogether. I think it roost unhandsome in hint to listen for a moment to the idle talk of Butler's staff, and his timid, calculating engin eer, Comstock, who wanted some excuse for not doing their duty. The Lieuten ant-General and I were together eight een months before Vicksburg—never had to wait for me, nor did any of his generals but I have had to wait for them) and he should have supposed from the past and my anxiety to go to work, that I had not become any slower in my movements than I was on the Mississip pi. His course proves to me that he would sari/ice his hest friend rather than h.t any odium fall on Lieutenant-Gener al Grant. Hewitt take to himself all the credit of this move now that it is success ful, when he descrres all the blame for the first failure to take the place. All this is now saddled on General Butler, and history will tell nothing of General Grant's share in it. I tell it to you for your own personal satisfaction that you may know and feel that you are entitled to the entire credit for getting this expedition off and for its success. I am merely the agent and only used to advantage the ample means placed at my disposal. which any one else could have dune as well as L I expect you sometimes think I am a little too impolitic in what. I say, but that is my nature. I am always ready to fight right away, if any one reflects upon the navy. I know that no country under the sun ever raised a navy as you have (done in the same space of time, and that no navy ever did more. Could the navy operate in James River, Richmond would have been ours. Vicksburg, a stronger place, fell when the navy was brought to bear on it. Every place has fallen where naval cannon have been brought into p l ay. * * This is not a pet place with the Lieu tenant-General, and he leaves it with about seven thousand men and I don't think knows much of the situati:cn. An army man thinks if he has a gun boat at his back he is all safe, but this is one case where at times the gunboats are driven off by bad weather, and those inside cannot co-operate effectively. I have given you a long letter, but find an apology for myself in the fact that I know your whole heart is in the navy, and that everything concerning it inter ests you. Again permit me to thank you for the confidence you have always placed in me, and the opportunities you have given me for distinction, and as suring you that it has been my warm- est wish to merit only your approba tion, I remain, Respectfully and sincerely, Your obd'tserv't, Signed) DAVID D. PORTER. To Hon. Gideon Welles, Secretary of the Navy, Washington, D. C. Report of Secretary of the Treasury The following is an abstract of the report of Hon. George S. lioutwell, Secretary of the Treasury RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES AND ESTIMATES The Secretary of the Treasury states that the financial condition of the country has improved during the past year. The re ceipts of the fiscal year ending with Juno last were 8411,255,417, and the expenditures ! during the same period were $509,653,560, showing a surplus applicable to the pay ment of the public debt, including the amount pledged to the sinking fund by the act of February 25, 1862, of $101,601,916. I The receipts fur the first quarter of the present year were 8115,101,230, end the es timated receipts for the remaining three quarters $241,000,000. Estimated expendl , tures for same period, 8203,500,000. The expenditures for the first quarter were 80 1 3,562,920, showings, balance applicable to the payment of the public debt, including, however, the amount payable on account of the sinking fund, 869,010,310. In esti mating the expenditures of the next fiscal year the Secretary has included 524,500,000, properly chargeable to current revenue, as an appropriation under acts of February 2.5, 1062, and July, 1070, relating to the sinking fund. There will be required also the sum of 84,066,953, being the amount an swering to interest on the capital of the sinking fund as represented on the books of the department. Thu Secretary esti mates the receipts for the year ending .Tune 1572, at 8320,410,000, expenditures 5309,639,- 319 ; according to which there will be a sur plus applicable to the payment of the pub. lie debt, in addition to the payment of the public debt, in addition to the payments made on that account through the sinking fund, of 810,775,.600. An analysis of the expenditures develops facts tending to sustain the opinion that the balance will be considerably larger than appears from the foregoing estimates. It may reasonably be anticipated that the total reduction of the public debt during the next fiscal year, including payments on account of the sinking fund, will be about 850,006,000. The war in Europe has rendered it im practicable to refund the national debt as authorized by the act approved July 14, 1870. A portion of the paper has been man ufactured, and preparation of the plates has been so far advanced that whenever a fa vorable opportunity arises the loan may be offered and the bonds delivered without de lay. Inasmuch as the war in Europe, and con sequent demand for money, make it doubt ful whether the 4 and 4i per cent. bonds will be taken, it seemo to me wise to au thorize the issue of $300,000,000 additional fiends, bearing interest at the rate of five per cent. The interest can be paid quarter ly without inconvenience, and the Secre• tary therefore respectfully recommends that the loan act be so modified that the payment of the interest may be made quar terly instead of semi-annually. Should these recommendations be approved by it is of great importance that an act authorizing the changes be passed with out delay. RECOMMENDATION eon NEST CURRENCW. Complaints are made that the National Bank bills aro worn to such an extent as to be no longer fit for circulation, and as more new banks are to be organized, the Secretary recommends that au appropria tion he made and authority given for the issue of new hills upon such paper and in such form as may be designated by the Secretary of the Treasury. The Secretary asks the attention of Con gress to a bill prepared in the department, submitted at the last session, relative to the mints and the coinage system of the country, lie states with regard to the question of the revival of the American commerce, that without undertaking to specify the moans by which it is to be ac complished, he cannot overstate the im portance of such legislation as will secure that revival; recommends an increase of the permanent appropriation fur collecting the revenue from customs to thesum of $2,600,- 000; also such alteration of the law as will provide fur one principal appraiser at each port where there aro now two with equal powers. =EI The Secretary renews the recommenda tion of an appropriation for steam revenue critters and marine hospitals, and transfer ring David's Island, New York, from the War to the Treasury Department, for a marine hospital. He mentions the fact that five of the principal ports of the country— New York, New Orleans, San Francisco, Baltimore and Philadelphia—are without hospital acconunodations, and provision is made for the patients by contract with hos pitals or private parties, and calls attention to the inadequacy and inequality of the sal aries of the Treasury Department. CIVIL SERVICE AND TENORS OF OFFICE. The preliminary examination of clerks has been observed by the department with success, and the Secretary thinks the sys tem sh , ,tlbl be extended to the principal Custom Houses and Revenue Offices of the country, but does not believe that the ten ure of office should be changed. On the contrary, he expresses the conviction that the present tenure of office furnishes the best security which the people of the coun try can have that the business of the gov ernment will be efficiently and properly performed. The work of the Treasury De partment does not differ essentially from the business done in banking houses and merchants' counting rooms; anti there is no reason why the tenure of office should be permanent in ono case that does not ap ply with equal force in the others. Two errors prevail in the community in connection with the subject. One is that under a republican government every man has a right to an office. This is In no sense true. Tee only right is that of the people to elect and to have appointed to office persons bestqualilied to perform the work. Theother error is that offices in the Treasury Depart ment are prizes which the young men of the country may wisely seek. Speaking generally, it is a misfortune to a young nisi. who possesses even ordinary capacity fur business or Tabor to remain permanently in the public offices of the city. It is, how ever, true that many of the most valuable clerks in the Treasury are young men who are pursuing professional studies, or who, having completed the course, remain from one to four years in the department with the purpose, by industry and economy, of securing a small amount of money with which to commence active life elsewhere. A system of life tenure would exclude all these men front the service, unless they chose to accept it as a permanent pursuit, which, in the main, would be an injury to them and to the country. I am also fully convinced that any more permanent tenure of office would material ly impair the efficiency of the revenue sys tem. There are many thousand men em ployed in the customs and internal revenue service, and, however careful the prelim inary examination might be, the evils which now impa'r its efficiency would un doubtedly exist. I may bo warranted in saying, in this connection, that the evil of office-seeking, although great, is probably exaggerated in the public mind. It is true that there are more applications for appointment to office in the department than can be met, but the number of applicants who are well quali fied, and who could pass any proper exam ination, is not usually very large. In justification of the present tenure, and as a proper recognition of the services of the officers and clerks employed in the de partment, I express the opinion that the business, upon the whole, is not only done in a satisfactory manner, but tlfat it will compare in accuracy and efficiency with the business of the country generally which is carried on by corporations or in dividuals. TIIF. LOAN, TILE. DEBT AND TAXATION. The Secretary says: In toy annual report of December last I advised the continu ance of the existing system of taxation as an essential condition to the success of the proposed loan. The circumstance that war was declared between France and Prussia simultaneously with the pa.ssageof the loan bill putit out of the powerofthe department to make the negotiation, as had been ex pected. The large revenue, however, of the government, continuing without ma terial abatement until the present time, improved the credit of the country, enabled the Treasury Department, by weekly pur chases, to reduce the amount of surplus bonds offered for sale, and contributed to depreciate the market value of gold. I also expressed the opinion that the set tled policy of the country should contem plate a revenue sufficient to meet the ordi nary expenses of the government, pay the interest on the public debt, and front twen ty five to fifty millions of dollars of the principal annually. The redaction of the public debt since the 30th day of June last has been so great as to render it certain that the total reduction for the present fiscal year will exceed sixty millions of dollars. The natural increase of the business of the country during the next eighteen months is likely to be such as to show a surplus for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1872, of about forty millions of dollars. The principal of the publicdebt on the last day of November, 1870, not deducting moneys on hand, wag $2,418,673,044.43. Of this amount $395,269,237.08 was represented by United States notes and fractional cur rency, not bearing interest. The banks of the country, acting within the authority of existing laws, will require about 5393,000,- 000 of bonds to be placed on deposit as se curity for their circulation. Should the present system of furnishing a paper cir culation for 'the country, partly by the Treasury and partly by the national banks, be continued, or the entire circulation be furnished by the Treasury or by the banks, the credit of the United States will be the 1111MillOMIMI security for the redemption of the notes.— From this view of the policy of the country It follows that about $800,000,000 of the pub lic, debt will remain unpaid, existing either in the form of treasury notes in circulation without interest, or in bonds owned by the tanks and held as security for the redemp tion of their notes, and that only about $1,600,000,000 of the principal of the debt is subject to payment. FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS. The financial prospect, although highly favorable, is not such as to warrant import ant changes in the revenue system at the present session of Congress, but should the result during the corning year meet my ex• pectations, it will be possible at the Decem ber session of the Forty-Second Congress to make a very material reduction in the rev enues without impairing the ability of the government to make satisheitory payments of the public debt. The reduction already made has been advantageous to the country not only in the particulars indicated, but in other respects hardly less important. There is much evidence tending to show that no other event sine° the conclusion of the war has contributed so lunch to the diffusion of republican opinions in Europe. The spread of these opinions stimulate, emigration from Europe, and at the same time pre pares the way Mr establishment of free ! Institutions on that imminent. Nor call there be any doubt that a poi icy accepting the debt as permanent would retard emi gration from Europe, especially of the reading , and reflecting classes. Whatever arguments 11111 V inc adduced or whatever theornes nolvanceni, the fact must ever remain that a public dela is it public evil. It is espieially burdensome to the laboring classes, and it is, therefore, in • their interest to provide for the constant reduction of the existing; national debt. • This policy will not prevent such changes • in the revenue system Irmo lino. In lime. , as will equalize the inevitable burdens Or , our present condition, and wainn a com paratively short period the L:IXeS Hilly he removed frnim many arti cles of prince neeasitt. It is the I occasion of satisfaction that !mother nation ever passed through a great war with so slight a shock to industry and business. Specific information and . general intelli gence from various parts of the United States show that all classes, and especially the laboring classes, arc in the enjoy men t of more than average prosperity, whether tested by the experience of this country or by the present condition of other nations. No reason can be found, however, In the favorable condition of public and private affairs, for neglecting any proper means for equalizing and diminishing the burden of taxation; but it does Justify the statement that the nation cwt make provision for tine public debt in the manner recommended, without embarrassing its industry or re tarding its progress. G EO. S. liouTW Secretary of the Trea,ory Report of the Secretary of War. The report of the Secretary of War shows the regular army to be composed of 2-12.48 of ficers and 34,870 enlisted men, 31,175 of whom compose the ten regiments of eaval ry, the five regiments of artillery and the twenty-five regiments of infantry, the re maining 303 being engineer troops, re cruiting deLachineilLs, and others not enu merated among the troops of the line.— These men are stationed in hirty-two States and Territories at two hundred and three organized military posts. There were appropriated for the tnilitary service for the fiscal year roiling June 30, 1870, $37,335.8.52.08. There were appropria ted for the same purpose for the year end ing Juno Se, 1871, $30,249,145.97. 'l'lle defi ciency will be $1,053,2uu, or 83Z,D02,3-18.07, showing a reduction below the expendi tures for the year 180-70 of ,: 8 -1,02:1,303.11. The total estimate of military appropria tions for the year ending June 30, 1572, is $.:2:1,383,998; a reduction below the expen ditures of the previous year of $3,518,350.97, and below the last appropriation of 080, 150.97. Of this estimate for the next fiscal year the sum of $1,062,%:: is necessitated by the prohibition of the use of unexpend ed balances of former years. The estimates of the Chiefof Engineers for fortifications, improvement of rivers, and harbors, public buildings and grounds and Washington aqueduct, are submitted separately us presented by that olliver:— Fortifications and other works of defence, $3,600,200; river and harbor improvement,s $8,842,450; public buildings and :grouna!st and VVashington aqueduct, $1,10S,189; tu fa!, $1:3,050,139, Surplus draught anirnals of the Quarter muster's Department to the number of 6,345 were sold, producing $748,13-1 ; useless depots were broken up, and a reduction or 1,085 in the number of civil emplOyees was made, thereby effecting it saving in salaries of $774,672 per annum. Since the commencement of the present fiscal year there has been realized from sales of surplus arms and ordnance to eiti zone of the United States the sum :if $5,000,- 000. Store than 1,340,000 stands of arms of obsolete patterns, and unfit for issue, have been sold since the close of the war, and it is the intention to continue the sales UN op portunity offers. By the Ist of July, 1871, the army will be brought down to this legal Standard of 30,- 000 enlisted men, the number prescribed by the act of• July 15, race, and in the mean time recruiting will lie continued only on a scale rendered necessary by casual LIPS. On July I, Isoo, the number of iffilcers in service was 2,716, increased by the ;ap pointment attiring the year of 6 post chap lains and 58 graduates of West Point, mak ing in :all 2,810. The number of adlieers fu , service on November 10, 1 5 70, was 2,481, a reduction of 329. on November ;kr, the number or supernumerary ufllcers, or Of those in excess of the standaril prescribed by law, was 211. It is recommended that the time in which the President may discharge officers on year's pay and allowance be extended to July Ist, 1871. During the past year 58 cadets of the Pitilitary Academy have been graduated and appointed second lieutenants in the army ; 17 have been discharged for mark ed deficiency in conduct or studies; ii leave resigned, 1 bias deserted and 4 have New cadets to the number :if 65 have been admitted, and the corps at present num bers '228 members. The records of the department show the burial, in the national and other cemetries, of 333,000 persons In addition to those buried in the 73 national cemeteries, there are very many soldiers interred in private cemeteries, near hospitals in which they (lied. Measures are in rapid progress for carrying out the law which requires the cemeteries to be properly enclosed. Close and useful inspections have been thorough ly made by a field officer of the army, and many timely suggestions as to changes and improvements carried out. They are being decorated with trees arid shrubs, and, instead of being left unattended, are cared for with the consideration which the Mete- Ory of the nation's dead demands. rho number of rations issued to the des titute of the District of Columbia was 267,- 873, at a cost of $20,605. Coal, wood and coke were Issued amounting to $4,450.52, and clothing amounting: to $11111.36. The total sum disbursed was $25,077.8.8, leaving a balance of $4,022.12 still on hand. Under the aet of July 111, 1870, the officers of the entry aro paid by salaries, instead of by allowances of various kinds. The sys tem has been in operation beta few months, but that short experieneo shows theeliange to have been a wise one. \Vhen the new form of breeching-loading arm is decided upon and placed in the hands of the troops, there should be called in from all the Staten arms of the old Nish: which have heretofore been issued, and a new issue made to them of those of the im proved pattern. It is the part of wisdom in the public defence to keep the militia— the mainstay of the nation in time of war— acquainted with the use of the best arms the Government armories mu oiler. The duties imposed upon the War Depart ment by enactment of Congress providing for the observation and report of storms by telegraph and signal, have been discharged under the management of the Chief Signal Officer. A number of observers, carefully chosen, have been enlisted, instructed in their duties, examined as to their qualifica tions, provided with instruments, and sent to the stations which have, on consultation with the best authorities, been selected.— The transmission of reports on this plan commenced on November 1, 1070, and the widest publicity is given them through the press by bulletins, and, as time permits. the necessary arrangements will be extend ed by maps and other methods. Assistance front scientific men and institutions here and in Europe has been generously accord ed, and Chambers of Commerce, hoards of Trade, and commercial associations throughout the United States have given encouraging co-operation. Report of the Comptroller of the Cur The report of the Comptroller of the Cur rency gives some interesting statistics con cerning the banking interest of the coun try, coupled withsoveral suggestions which are practical and to the purpose. It seems that the total number 01 new banks organ ized under the Fifty-four Million bill of th 2 last session of Congress is only thirty one, although applications are on tile for two hundred and fifty more. Those appli cations, experience has shown, aro general ly experimental, the requisite capital being wanting when the time comes for the do posit of the collaterals. From this the Comptroller argues that "the amount of capital in the Western and Southern States, not permanently invested or actively em ployed in business of various kinds, but immediately available for the purpose of organizing national banks, cannot be very large," and concludes that "the impression that many millions of cash capital were awaiting the opportunity of investment In national banking institutions has not been fully sustained. The provision made by the late act is undoubtedly ample for the supply of those States which have less than their proportion, end would probably suf fice to supply all reasonable demands oven if not restricted In its distribution." The LEGAL AND OTHER NOTICES-- Executors' notices Adminlstrntors' notice Assignees' notices Auditors' notices.... Other "Notices," ten lines, or less, three times NUMBER 5O removal of much reatrietiona after the piration of ono year from the date of pasFag,e of the act Is suggested. Only gold bank has been established under provisions of the same act, Tho practice. allowing interest on deposits In the nation, banks in ono which does not need, 11.4 any interference, unless to restrict the Ne , York agents of the country banks from Oh custom. Such a modification would hew, all that is desired. On one point ho Is do cidthily emphatic—viz., the establishment of a general Clearing House at Now York l'or all the national banks of the country.— The benefit arising from a fiscal agency No truly national In Its character, regulating the currency, the exchanges and the bank ing interests of the country, beyond the control of any ring or clique—because 'MlTl aged by all for the benefit of all—would he, in his estimation, of the most substantial and enduring kind. ' The report ofSeeretary Robeson fa slab orate, and replete with Information. The navy nut this time consists of 181 vessels, carrying 1,300 guns. Of those 53 are of Iron clad, or Monitor class, 30 sailing vessels, and the remainder steamers, with sailinu power. Forty-live vessels, mounting 465 guns, are attached to tl,te several fleets ; 1011 r are in special service ; six receiving ships, itieLvarious small vessels on duty at navy yards constitute the navy in commis sion. Ten vessels, mounting 143 guns, arc ready fur sea; thirteen are on the st.unt•i, fifteen under repair, and the balance lc • Up In ordinary. Two surveys auross ti Isthmus, soundings for lines of telegraph dredging tatasts and maid-ocean harbors refuge, and a scientific expedition tow: • the North Polo ,are being conducted or pi , v Med for by the department. Mist on the north Atlantic station, eml• ~ lug elindslo Squaro miles of sea, Is less U. either the British, French, or Spanish licci and its augmentation is suggested. 'Three routes were surveyed across isthmus to ascertain the feasibility of y inter-oceanic ship canal, and all found in. practicable. Tho routes required tunny! from six to ten miles In extent, Invo lvluF an expense too great to leave hope of profit or advantage. The Tehuantepec route is 110 W under survey. The report states that the service has gradually improved during tLe year. The rendition of the several navy yards, how ever, Is not favorable to efficient service. The secretary again urges the importance of removing largo working yards situated In the midst of populous cities, and ial is attention to the obligations of the govern ment as regards League Island and Now London. The necessity of providing for an office of hydrography, for a nitro depot, for im provements In ordinance, iron ship build • mg, and the establishment of a swimming school at the Annapgilis.Naval Academy, is pressed upon the attention of the author• The estimates for the general expenatis of the service for the fiscal year ending Join• 30, 187'2, amount to: 20 and are to, lot logs: Pay of oilleers and seamen of the navy $6,500,0t5l Current repairs of buildings, ducks, and incidental expenses • in navy yards, etc 'ay of cryn. establishment In nit vy yards, hompitalti, ate Ordnance and torpedo carpe hemp and equipment Navigation, navigation aupplien, I lycl rographie work Naval nem] erne Naval observatory and nautical almanac, etc Repairs and preservation or ves sels Steam machinery, tools, etc 111=11111 Clothing Repairs of hospitals! and 'abort' toriem Surgeon4' neeossitries. Contingent expenses of N'arlous departments and bureaus Support of marine corps Total $20.1183,051l —And to those is added the NUM of prgi,lno as the necessary for permanent Improve meets at the several navy yards and slit thins. The following condensed report made try Col. E. S. Parker, Commissioner of Indian Affairs ( and an Indian himself) in his an n oat report just published says: Early in the year there was cause to fear a war with several of the turbulent tribes, Including Red Cloud's bands of Sioux in Wyoming and Dakota, and portions of the Cheyennes, Arapahoes, Crows and Conlon= flies in the southwest part of the Indian 'Perri Cory. In both instances, however, the great and costly evil of an Indian war has been averted. The anticipated war with the Sioux MIS avoided in part by the Covernnient prohibiting what was called Me "Big Horn Expedition," which wan set On foot by a party or restless border ad venturers to "explore" Red Cloud's country; and finally by the visit of Red Cloud and other chiefs to Washington. Al though this able and craftly chief express ed his dissatisfaction very plainly and boldly., he had the sagacity to see that the new policy adopted by the Government in its relations with Iris people woulddo away with many of their muses of Just complaint and also that his people could not hope to improve their condition by a war with the whites. Upon his (return he became the most ardent and determined friend of peace, and it is believed that ho In now cx ercising a good influence among all II Sioux in any way inclined towards hosti. i ties. The expected war with the Cheyennes, Arapahoes, Crows and Comanches was averted by the failure of a council called by portions of these Indians with the Klowas. Most of the Arapahoes subsequently went Lt,pon their reservation, and the Cheyennes 1V ill probably join them. The Itlowas and Comanches are behaving badly by , making war upon the people of Texan and Justify it upon thu plea that Texas Is not in the United States ! To correct this and teach them bet ter, Colonel Parker suggests that a cordon of military posts be stretched along the Tex as frontier. There aro troubles with the Ctrs of Colorado and Now Mexico about their reservations which the Commiaslonee thinks may ho settled by giving them a dis trict in New Mexico. Some of the heretorore troublesome tribes of Apaches in New Mexico are showing a looter disposition, but are suffering from want of clothing and food, which it is re • commended to supply thorn with, lest their great destitution :nay tempt them he depre date on the frontier settlements, and tau bring on another war. This recommenda tion should be adopted. Apart from the well-known maxim of the old and to-I:- Hem:oil officers of the army, that "it a cheaper to feed the Indians than to ilglo them," tlicre Is sound policy in encourag ing every show of peaceable disposition ot• the part of these wild tribes of Apaches who have been at war with the whiten for three hundred years. There is another por tion the Apaches, however, (those of Ari zona), With whom no progress has been made. In the language of Colonel Parker, "their thirst for blood and rapine seem un quenchable." Thom, like their co-tribes just referred to, have been Incessantly at war for turies. It seems to hove becomo their normal condition. "'The Roman Catholic clergy aro the only men they will not molest, or to whose counsels they will listen." The Commissioner, therefore, thinks it worthy of consideration on the part of the Government to encourage th., Catholic clergy to use their best offorts to tame these warlike tribes, and induce them to adopt peaceful and industrial pursuits. The report refers in encouraging term a to the progress of civilization among the peaceably disposed Indians. Many of th e se of Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota and Kansas have abandoned their tribal organ ization and have taken upon themselves the rights and duties of citizenship. Others aro nearly ready for tins important sop. The policy of dividing up the reservations hold in common into homesteads for indi vidual families, to be held by them in sev eralty, promotes the progress of their ci illZaGloll. The agency of the Society of Friends "has been highly promotive of the welfare and happiness or the tribes uuur r them," evert among the wild Cheyenne,, Arapahoes, iCiowas and Camanches, who have been heretofore so difficult to control. Another beneficial Influence hilt within the past year flows from the operations of the President's policy of placing therm:airs of the Indians in the hands of men whose characters for integrity and benevolence, as well us their business ability, made It cer tain that the Indians would be treated with honesty, kindness and truth, Instead of be ing cheated and irritated according to old custom. "Under political management for a long series of years, and the expenditurt of largo sums of money annually," the In dians tirade little or no progress toward, civilization. Indeed, they seemed to be degraded and demoralized by contact with that sort of management. The President, therefore, wisely determined to invoke the permanent co-operation of these fair deal ing andgood men, and of the entire re ligious element of the country—all denom inations—to aid him in that policy which has already produced such beneticient re sults, and which seems the only one left for the redemption of this otherwise dying race. AN Englishman, by balloongrapi, from Paris, assures the universe that cooked rat is tolerable. One needs to come to it by degrees, however. The first step is to eat a rather rare horse steak. The next to accept an invitation to breakfast upOn cat. Then, after ab stinence for ninny days rat becomes ac ceptable to the palate. There is nothing like trying ; and rats axe now sold in Pdris as always in . ' BATE OF ADVERTISING. IlliMoliFt Maw 2 BUSINESS ADVERTISEMENTS, 1/2 year same of ten 'lnas; lat per year for each s tional square. RXAT, EtrATIC'ADYRRII;II I X O i It 6131 the first, and 5 mats for each subsequon - Insertion. GENERAL ADVERT/811 . +0,7 centa a line fo Bret, and 4 cents for each aubeeqUent GOD. , v: SPECIAL Nonem Inserted In 'Ledo! Cole 15 cent.. per line. SPECIAL Nov - fora preceding marrlageii deaths, 10 cents per line for drat inset, and 5 cents for every subsequent insert!. lieporl of the Secretary of the Navy ttentiori is directed to tho fact that I:==!
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers