gnUUigwm; id Li ~~- iflnt cl It ci ci vcc v* SOUTHWEST CORNER OF CENTRE '£3: <lO 0 P ER H. G Shi Wil. A. Mi TERMS—-Tv all leases In ad' i OFFICE—S< S4DA.EE. 09-A.li letters ou business should be ad* dressed to Coopeb, Sa-NDeuson <fe Co. IfttefcUancoujs. A Lesson for the Times. “ Aunt Malinda, pieasegive meapin,” saLd a bright looking butshabbily dress ed little fellow, opening the door of Mrs. Lane's kitchen. “ Justsee here,” he added, poiutingto a large rent on the knee of his trowsers, “ me and Will Brown Were playing tag, and I fell down and tore this.” “Why don’t you run home and get your mother to mend it, johnny ?” said Mrs. Lane, as she did her best to bring together the severed parts. “ Oh ! ’cause mother ain’t to home.— She’s gone to the ‘ Society for Clothing Destitute Children.’ ” “ Destitute children!” ejaculated Mrs. Lane, as she surveyed her nephew from head to foot. “If you don’t come under thatclass, then never a child did ! Why, .my dear, you are all rags and tatters!” “ 1 know it, aunt,” responded the boy, moodily ; “ but it ain’t my fault. Moth er says she has no time to mend my clothes, and if she did, they would be just as had next day ; so what’s the u-e? Father said, last night, that I looked like a heathen, and he almost wished I was, for mother would think I was worth looking after a little.” “ Have you had any supper, Johnny, you look hungry ?” “ No,” said the boy, casting a longing look at a generous piece of pumpkin pie that Ills aunt was cutting; “mother left some cold victuals on Lhe table for father and me, hut.”— “ Well,” interrupted thegood woman, placing the pie upon a plate, and adding toitasliee of cheese, “you just take this, and mind you don’t leave a bit of it.” Johnny lost no time in obeying his aunt's peremptory but by no means un pleasant injunction, and the contents of s the plate rapidly disappeared before the energetic assault. “1 wish mother stayed at home, just as you do, aunt,” he said, as lie opened the door, casting a longing look back upon tlieeheerful,cozy lookingkitchen. “ I declare !” exclaimed Mrs. Lane, as taking up the roller pin, she resumed her labor, “ If ilisn’tashame forNaney to neglect him ; I am actually ashamed of him, and his mother an active mem ber of half a dozen societies. As for brother John, lie’s clean discouraged, and I don’t wonder at. it. [ don’t believe he comes home to a warm supper once a week. It’s my belief it's a woman’s business lirst to look after the comfort of her family, then, if she has time to do for others, well and good. Charity ought to begin at home, if she don’t stay there.” “There’s Aunt Nancy, now, just coming into the gate,” said her daugh ter Betsy, as, looking up from theapples she was now paring, she chanced to glance out of the window. Indignant as she was, it was not in good-natured Mrs. Lane to refuse to see hersister-in-law, who was evidently too full of her own concerns to have noticed any lack of cordiality, had there been any. “ How do you do, sislcr Lane; how <lo you do, Betsey,” she said, seating lierselfin the tirsl chair she came to, as if quite exhausted, though her keen, black'eyes looked as sharp as ever. — “ Always cooking, 1 do declare! Ah! how it makes my heart ache to see you spending so much time in caring for the poor, perishing body !” “ Folks can’t live without eating,” re plied Mrs. Lane, a little tartly, as this remark called to mind what she con sidered her sister’s remissness in care of her family. “Least ways, I haven’t yet found out the other way of living.” “ You always did make nice dough nuts, Malimla,” said Mrs. Shaw, very herself to one. “ They are light as honey-comb,” she addeil as she broke it open and proceed ed to dispose of it with evident satisfac tion. “ I don’t know when I have made any kind of pastry. Professor Spare, who lectured here last Winter, said they were very unhealthy, entirely destroying.what he called the digestive apparatus.” ‘‘Yes, I know,” returned Mrs. Lane, dryly. “Husband invited him home to tea one tlay, and I couldn’t perceive he had any particular objections to my pies and cakes. Indeed, I remember thinking if it was his ordinary way of eating, 1 shouldn't like to be the one to cook lor him. And let folks think what they may, I never will think that plain, light pastry, eaten moderately, will ever hurt anybody. I always let my children have it, and they are as hearty and robust a set of boys and girls as you can find anywhere; as I am sure they wouldn’t be if they were feil on cold, half-cooked victuals, given to them any way and just when it hap pened.” “ It isn’t always the rosiest and fresh est children that are the healthiest,” said Mrs. yhaw, helping herself to an other doughnut. “ Now T think of it, I am certain 1 can seea pimpleon Betsey 's nose—a Hire proof of over and John Thomas is not so strong as my Johnny, who is not more thau ayearor so the oldest. But I guess I’ll do my er rand ami be going. I called to tell you that we are going to have a fair for the benefit of the oppressed Poles. I'm on the Committee of Arrangements, and really hope, sister Lane, that you’ll take right hold and do everything in your powerjto forward this noble and praise worthy object.” “ No, thank you,” returned hersister iu-iaw. “ I think I can find objects of charity nearer that Poland.” “But there is a society of which you are a member, that I think I should like to join,” she resumed, after a mo ment's thought; “the one for clothing and providing fordestitute children.” “That’s what we expect and desire every member to do when she has an opportunity. We have a number of little jackets and punts on hand, and there will be some among them that will fit. Our next meeting is just a week from to-day, remember, at’Squire Mayo’s ” There was a merry twinkle in Mrs. Lane’s eyes that night as she superin tended preparations for supper, which ever and anon deepened into a smile.— But though the children were anxious to know “ what mother was smiling about,” she kept her own counsel. The next Wednesday afternoon a score or more ladies were seated in 'Squire Mayo's parlor with busy fingers and still more busy tongues. “ There is Mrs. Lane coming up the walk!” exclaimed Mrs. Mayo, who was seated at ihe window. “ Just see what a wretched looking boy ahe is leading by the hand. It can't be one of her boys, for I know they are all models of neatness.” Mrs. Shaw was too bußy distributing work to even look out of the window. ; "I forgot to tell you, ladies,” she VOLUME 67. said, “ that my sister-in-law joins our society this afternoon. The boy with her is no doubt the one she spoke to me about the other day as a fit object for our charitj’. I take considerable credit to myself,” she added complacently, “ for persuading her to this step. Sister Lane is such a homebody, so wrapped up in herself and family. “ Mrs. Lane is a kind hearted woman,” replied an old lady, who was knitting in one corner of the room, “and doe 3 a great deal of good in her quiet way.” By this time Mrs. Lane was in the room. “Good afternoon, ladies,” glancing around witli a pleasant smile. “ You see, sister Shaw, that I kept my word, and did not come alone,” she added, as that individual fixed her eyes in un disguised astonishment upon the boy whose reluctant hand she held. “I found this poor lad,” she con tinued, “in an alleyway, playing mar bles with a number of profane and vici ous boys, who were uttering words that I shudder to think of. The black eye he Ims got in a fight with one of them, in which it appears he had the worst of it. He is very .dirty and ragged, asyou see. But I offer no apology for bring ing him to you in this condition, as your society was formed for the benefit of such, and trust thjit under your kind ly care he will soon present another ap pearance.” ; Twice did Mrs. Shaw essay to inter rupt the speaker, hut anger and shame choked utterance. When she had con cluded, she sprang to her feet. “ Malinda Lane!” she ejaculated, “do you mean to pretend that you don’t know that is my boy?” “Your boy!” exclaimed Mrs. Lane, starting with well dissembled amaze ment; “is it possible? Now, that I look at him closer, it does look like Johnny. But whowould have thought it? T leave it to you,” addressing the other holies, “if the mistake was not a very natural one, or if ever a child, ap parently, stood more in need of your friendly offices?” This assertion could not be denied by any present, certainly notby Mrs. Shaw, who was completely silenced, though she was looking unutterable things. Not long after she could be seen with poor little Johnny “in tow,” takiug a round about way in the direction of 'home, for, unlike hersister-in-law, who escorted him thither, she went by the darkest and most unfrequented streets. A Romantic Love Story The Count de St. Croix, belonging to one of the noblest and wealthiest fami lies in France, became engaged, after a long and assiduous courtship, to a lady, his equal in position and fortune* and famous for her beauty. Shortly after the happy day was appointed which was to render t wo loving hearts one, the Count was ordered immediately to the siege of Sebastopol; so he girded on his sabre, and at the head of his regiment marched to the battle-field. During the Count’s absence it happened that bis beautiful .Jiancc had the small pox ; after hovering between life and death for many days, she re covered her health, but found her beauty hopelessly lost. The disease had assumed in her case the most virulent character, and left her not only dis figured but seamed and scarred to such a frightful extent, that sire became hide ous to herself, and resolved to pass the remainder of her days in the strictest seclusion. A year passed away, when, one day, the Count, immediately upon his return from France, accom panied by his valet, presented himself at the residence of his betrothed, and solicitedan interview. This was refused He, however, with the persistence of a lover, pressed his suit, and finally the lady” made her appearance closely muf iled in a double veil. At thesound of her voice the Count rushed forward to em brace her, but, steppingasideshe tremb lingly told him thestury ofher sorrows and burst into tears. A heavenly smile broke over the Count’s handsome features, as raising his hands above he ex claimed “ It is God’s work ; lam blind.” It was even so. When gallantly leading his regiment to the kttack, a cannon-ball passed so closely to his eyes that, while it left their expressions unchanged and liis countenance unmarked, it robbed him forever of sight. It is almost un necessary to add that their marriage was shortly after solemnized. It is said that at tliis day, may often be seen at the Emperor’s receptions an officer leaning upon, the arm of a lady closely veiled ; a!ud they seem to be attracted to the spot by their love of music. The Wind as a Musician, The wind is a musician by birth. We extend a silken thread in a crevice of a window, and the wind finds itandsings over it, and goes up and down the scale upon it, and Paganini must go some where else for honor, for lo ! the wind is performing upon a single string. It tries almost everything on earth to see if there is music in'it —it persuades a tune out of the great bell in.the tower, when the sex.oil is at home asleep; it makes a mournful harp of .tlie giant pines, aud it does not dis dain to try what sort of a whistle can be made out of the humblest chimney in the world. How it will play upon a tree until every leaf thrills with a note on it, whilst a river runs at its base in a sort of murmuring accompaniment.— And what a melody it sings when it gives a concert with a full choir of the waves of the sea, and performs an an them between the two worlds, that goes up perhaps to the stars, which love music most and sung it first. Then, how fondly ithauntsold houses; mourn ing uuder the eaves, singing in the halls, opening doors without fingers, and siuging a measure of some sad, old song around the firelessand deserted hearths. An Elevated liallroad In Broadway. We have seen a plan andsketches for an elevated railioad for Broadway, which appear to us to have considerable merit. Captain Hemstreet, the young engineer who devised this plan, pro poses to erect an elevated roadway upon elliptical arches over the centre or car riage way of the street; to pave this track with plate glass, which will ad mit sufficient light upon the street be- Jow, and at the same time keep it, in all weathers, dry and clean ; and to let the sidewalks be open and uncovered. Ou the roadway thus resting upon elliptical iron arches, and reaching from gutter to gutter across the middle of the street, he proposes to lay three or four tracks, upon which trains should be run with dummy engines. As the tracks will be always clear and elean the rail may be light, and Captain Hem street proposes to lay them on rubber cushions, and thus make the motion perfectly smooth and even. It is esti mated that Buch a road could be built from the Battery to Union Square in cluding the glass roof, for less than* ona million dollars,—2Y. Y, jpost. The Maiden Aont It is mercifully ordered in the great scheme of existence that nearly every person - should have an aunt who is willing to grow into an old maid, and to sacrifice her life to the good of others —these others being generally her nephews and nieces. Aunts are the fairy good godmothers of society, the supplementary mothers who are often more kind and indulgent to the chil dren than their parents are. There is not a single person anywhere who is not familiar with this idea of a good aunt. We sometimes hear of children who never knew father nor mother; blit where is the child that never knew an aunt? When the father and mother disappear and leave the poor infant to the mercy of the world, who is it that takes the little waif in, and feeds and clothes it, and sends it to school? Who? The aunt. The good, kind, tender-hearted soul, who, perhaps, has been passed over in life, who has toiled hard, who has suffered much, who, at any rate, has never tasted the joys of maternity, who has certainly never incurred its vexations. It is really wonderful, under such circumstances, that these women should retain so much humanity ; that the fire of love should not have been quenched in their lonely hearts; that the milk of humau kindness should not. have dried up iu their breasts long ago. We should be thankful to Heaven for these maiden aunts of ours ; they are legions of angels upon earth, forever hovering about us, to pity and to succor. If the natural history of aunts were faithfully and ac curately followed out, I am inclined to think that the aunts of whom I speak would be found to be a distinct species of the genus. There are points of re semblance in aIL aunts of this class, which are not to be observed iu persons who stand to society iu other relations. There are mauy varieties of mothers; some good, some bad, some indiffer ent; there are also,many varieties of fathers, brothers, sisters, aud uncles. — There is a kind and iudulgent father; but quite as often there is the harsh aud tyrannical. There is the affectionate brother and the jealous brother; the loving sister and the spiteful sister. — Then as to the uncle (who should be a counterpart of the aunt in every thing, being the masculine of the species,) it is not proverbial that while some of them poke their nephews in,the ribs, call them sly dogs, and give them uo e end of bank notes because they wouldn’t sell their uncle’s pictures, there are others, cruel, blood-thirsty —rapacious uucles, who take their ne phews into dark woods and leave them to die of hunger. But our aunts ? —our aunts are always good. Whoeverheard of a wicked auni? Be it understood, however, that I do not reckon among my bright particular stars the sister of your father or mother, who marries and has children of her own; nor the lady whom your uncle may take to himself with the same commouplace result. — We don’t think of her, be she oue or the other, in the true aunt sense. I)o you ever call her “ aunty,” and go and sit in herlap, and putyour arms round her neck ? Answer me that. No, no. She is aunt—mark how cold the word is without the en dearing diminutive ! Aunt Charles or Aunt James, with lots of little buckets of her own dipping into the well of her affections, aud she has notadropforyou. Dare to sit in her lap, and she will push you rudely and coldly away. Venture to put yourarm round herneck, andshe will probably stand upon her propriety. The person whom you call “ aunty dear” is quite another order of-being She is your father’s sister or j T our mother’s sis ter —occasionally the wifeofyouruncle; but, in this case, she is only “aunty dear” when she has no children of her own. As to her natural disposition ; she is born to deny herself, but for oth ers—born, above all, to rear the weekly sheep,.and to rescue the black ones who go estray. Peter the Great, The famous MenzikofF had shed his blood in battle and exposed his life to defend the life of his master, Peter the Great. -But joined to his many brilliant qualities were great vices; his cupidity and. ambition were without bounds ; he used for hi 9 own advantage large sums designed for the public benefit. Having left St. Petersburg in the suite of the Emperor, who was hastening to Astrac han with the design of surprising and taking possession of that city, he learned on the.way that he had been denounced, and that the Emperor was fully inform ed of his robberies and extortions. The gloomy countenance aud silence of the prince, whose inflexible severity he knew, announced to him his disgrace; he believed himself already precipitated from the height of honor to opprobrium and misery; the deserts of Siberia, the solitude of a long exile, the headsman’s axe, came by turns before his imagina tion ; his blood took fire and a malig nant fever attacked—; for three weeks he lay in a wretched chamber in a state of frightful deliruim. Finally he woke and look anxiouVly-amund the the cabin ; he seemed abandoned only one man was near him ; only one cared for him ; one voice only addressed to him words of comfort. Il was that of the Emperor. It was Peter the Great. This uniooked for sight restored to him life and strength ; burning tears rolled down his cheeks; he fell at the feet of the monarch. “ Great God !” h -.real >Ol ,ie cried. “My sire is it you?” x “Yes,” replied the emperor raising him up, “for three weeks I have not left your bed.” “Wliat! do you love me yet? Have you pardoned me? You have not then condemned to death a guilty " “Unhappy man!” said Peter, em bracing him, “ believe you I could for get you had saved my life?” At the bottom of a truly great soul, the virtue one is most sure to find is gratitude. Mr. Thomas Williams, a member of Congress from Pennsylvania, offered a resolution, on Monday last, proposing to organize another military commission to try Jefferson Davis and Robert E. Lee. Mr. Williams, acting no doubt as the tool of '‘the divine Stanton," says in his resolution that “ thearraignment of these parties before anyJucfteeaJtribu nal of the country would be a matter of questionable propriety," and hence he proposes to disgrace the nation by hav ing them executed without any trial at all, for no sensible man will contend that a military commission would afford anything of the kind. Military com missions are organized to hang, not to fairly try, and this is well known to all the advocates of this new method ofdis’ pensing justice. Mr. Williams is a law yer and is fully aware that his position is in direct opposition to all law, justice, decency and common sense; but he is also a wretched fanatic and is willing to secure his ends by any means, no matter how disgraceful, that may be pecessary to accomplish them.-- Age*. LANCASTER, PA., WEDNESDAY MORNING, JANUARY 31, 1866. §)}feaU&iuint& Musical Accent. At a trial in the Court of King’s Bench, (June, 1863,) between certain Tweedledees, as to an alleged piracy of an arrangement of “The Old English Gentleman,” T. Cooke was subpoened as a witness. On cross examination by Sir James Scarlett, that learned counsel flippantly said, “ Now, sir, you say the two melodies are the same, but different. Whatdoyou mean, sir?” Tom prompt ly answered, “I said that the notes in the two copies were alike, but with different accent.” Sir James: “ What is a musical accent?” Cooke: “ Yry terms are a guinea a lesson, sir.” (A loud laugh.) Sir James, (rather ruffled): “Don’t mind your terms here ; I ask yfiu what is musical accent? Can you see it?” Cooke: “No.” Sir James: “Can you feel it?” Cooke: “A musician can.” (Greatlaughter.) Sir James, (very an grily) : “Now, pray, sir, don’t beat about the bush, but tell his lordship and the jury the meauing of what you call accent.” Cooke: “Accent in music is a stress laid on a peculiar note, as you would lay a stress on any given word, for the purpose of being better understood. Ifl were tosay, you are’an ass, it rests on ass; but were I to say you areanass.itrestsouyou, Sir James.” Reiterated shouts of laughter by the whole court, in which the beuch joined followed this repartee. Silence being obtained, Lord Denman, the judge, with much gravity, accosted the chop-fallen counsel: “ Areyousatified, Sir Jarr>es ?” Sir James, drep red as he naturally was, had become scarlet in more than name, and in a great huff said,. “ The witness may go down.” -/'Cadies of the White House. /The President’s estimable daughters, Mrs. Patterson aud Mrs. Stover, who breside over the Executive Mansion (/Mrs Johnson herself being an invalid), by their courtesy, and hospitality, are doing much to sweeten the mood of pol iticians, and to make life at the metrop olis amiable as well as attractive. It is as when Henry Clay once said to Mrs. President Polk : “Madam, I never heard anything but praise ofyouradministra tion, though occasionally I have heard some slight objection toyourhusbaud’s.” At their first drawing-room this season, as the large and brilliant party were ushered into the scarlet room, they were introduced first to Mrs. Senator Patter son, and" subsequently to her sister, Mrs. Stover, who occupied a position at her right hand. The duties of the in troduction devolved on Maj. James R. O’Brien, Deputy Marshal of the District, who performed his part with ease and propriety. Our lady readers will be in terested in the following description for the manner in which the distinguished sisters werg attired: Mrs. Patterson was dressed in black velvet trimmed witli black lace, aud made with high corsage and coat sleeves, with a point lace collar fastened with a simple jet pin set in pearls and corres ponding to the ornament worn in the ears. She wore white kid gloves, and borje in one hand a white fan and lace handkerchief, and in the other a small, exquisite cluster of flowers. Her hair was done up in the fashionable style of the season, frizzed in front, gathered in a mass of curls behind, a Grecian brau| passing over aud concealing the comb confining them, and a white japonica, with another delicate white flower, care lessly fastened in the hair, near the left ear. Mrs. Stover was dressed in all respecLs ike her sister, Mrs. Patterson, excepting that she wore heavy moire antique in stead of velvet, and she had no flowers iu her hand. Her hair was in.the style of her sister’s, adorned with a small white flower. We understand that Mrs. President Johnson lately received from Sir Mor ton Peto (whose recent visit to the United States will long be remembered with pleasure by all who had the advan tage of meeting him) a most elegant and costly present in the form of a Christmas box or rare and exquisite de vice filled with Parsian bonbons. [From Hall’s Journal of Health.j Dr. Hail on Failing Eyesight. When the sighUis beginning to fail, the eyes should[/be favored as much as possible! This can be done— 1. By sitting iu such a position as will allow the light to fall upon the paper, or sewing, obliquely over the shoulder. 2. By not ufciug the eyes for such pur poses by any artificial light, or before sunrise, or after sunset. * 3. By avoiding the special use of the eyes in the morning before breakfast. 4. By restiug them for half a moment or so while Vending, or sewing, or look ing at small objects ; by looking at things at a distance, or in the sky ; re lief is immediate in so doing. 5. Never pick any collected matter from the e;\ elashesor corners of the eyes with the finger-nails ; rather moisten it with the saliva, anil rub it away with the nail of the finger. 6. Frequently pass the balls of the fingers over the closed eyelids towards the nose ; this carries off an excess of water into the nose itself by- means of the little canal which leads into the nostrils from each inner corner of the eye, which canal tends to close up, in consequence of the slightest inflamma tion, which attends weakness of the eyes. 7 Keep your feet always dry and warm, so as to keep any excess of blood from the other end of the body. S. Use eye glasses at first, carried in the vest pocket, attached to a guard, for they are instantly adjusted to the eye with a very little trouble; whereas, if comnnui spectacles are used,such a pro cess is required to get them ready, that to save the trouble the eyes are often strained to answer the purpose. b. Wash the eyes abundantly every morning. If cold water be used, let it be flapped against the closed eye with the fingers of the right hand, not strik ing hard against the balls of the eye. But it would seem a better plan to open the eye in pure blood warm water, be cause warm water is more penetrating than cold; it dissolves more readily any hardened matter that may be about the lids, and is more soothing aud more natural. IU. The moment the eyes feel feel tired, the very moment you are conscious of an effort to read or sew, lay aside the book or needle, and take a walk for an hour, or employ yourself in some active exercise not requiring the close use of the eyes. The State Library Wien Forney, Esq., the State Librar ian, reports thatduring the last pastyear he drew from the treasury $1,804.74, and expended $2,534.28, as follows : For miscellaneous expenses, $500.81 ; for books, $1,600.14, and for exchanges of books, $433.33. The explanation of this excess of expendi ture is derived from the fact that the cost of books has largely increased ; that it was-necessary to purchase a large numberof rare publicationsim mediately or run the risk of paying at least a third more for them a year hence ; that the organization of governtments in the lately revolted States increased the pur chase of our State reports for Southern libraries ; and that the loss of the frank ing privilege tended to swell the ex penses. The Librarian recommends an increased appropriation hereafter, and calls attention to the abuse of the “order" system, by which the library has become a sort of “circulating library," especially to the people of Harrisburg, and by which a large num ber of volumes are annually lost. Three cases involving the question of the liability of government securities to State and municipal taxation will come up before the U. S. Supreme Court on Monday next. Business and Polities. Some of our Philadelphia people have curious ideas of the fitness of things. Thus we very frequently hear persons getting quite eloquent over the import ance ana necessity ofsteam communi cation and an active commerce between this city and the Southern ports, and a little while after, or perhaps at the same time, getting highly excited against the efforts beiDg made to place the Southern States iu a condition to have any com merce at all. It is very hard to under stand the political philosophy that leads men'into such inconsistent acts. The fact is, they do not act according to any sound system ofpolitieal economy at all. When they’ talk and work in favor of establisbingactive and direct commerce with the South, they are carrying out their' experience as business men and obeying true business principles. But wheu they talk and act in a way to re tard the thorough restoration of the Southern. States to their places in the Union, without which there can be no active or prosperous commerce they are merely following the behests of party leaders. Business and party pol itics get along very well together, and when business men are trying to forward a truly business project, they should let the party work of party lead ers alone while they are at it, aud they should be careful to see that their Or gans do the same thing. Or, at least, if they mu9t mix up business matters and party politics, they should see that the politics is not of a character 1 to defeat the business. No thoughtful man, when he is carrying on negotiations with an other with a view to engage him in « commercial enterprise, would persist in reviling that man, calling him names and saying that he is unfit to manage his own affairs, and that he ought not to have control of them. Yet this is, in effect, about what is being done by some parties iu our city, who speak strongly in favor of close and active business intercourse with the Southern , States, and at the same time do all in their power to prevent those States from being put into condition to have an ac tive commerce at the earliest possible day. Party agitations are at all times the worst foes of business stability. If we want irade with the Southern States or their cities, we must aid them to have their affairs settled immediately. Peo ple do not engage iu plauting rice, cot ton, sugar, tobacco, &c., or in producing rosin, pitch, turpentine and other naval stores, or in merchandising, with energy and alacrity, when they do not know whether they may call the products of their labor and capital their own or not. Nor do they enter into any business operations with hearty good-will while all affairs aresounsettled thatthev do not know whether they are contiolf ed by themselves or other people. If the industry of the South is to be brought into active operations at an early day. their affairs must besettled at an early day, so that they may know where they stand. And this we do not urge any more on their account than on our own. If Congress is going to tax Southern cotton heavily lor the sake of adding largely to the national revenues, it should first take care that the peopleof the Southern States shall be placed in a position to raise it —otherwise there may be but little cotton to tax. The earlier and more certainly they are assured of a generous aud permanent policy, the more zealously will they go to raising cotton. So of all other articles and all other interests. If Congress would have the South contribute its full share of the excise and other taxes, then Congress should act so as to set all the wheels of Southern industry and trade promptly and actively in motion. It is not alone for the interest of the South that this shall be done, but for the interest of the North, East and West, and the whole country. *■ Especially is it in the interest of those who, like us in Philadelphia, desire to open up new commercial relations with tlie Southern seaboard, to support and advance the earliest restoration ofthose States to their places in the Union, so that their people shall be able to plant and produce aud trade withaknowledge that they cau manage their own affairs and possess their own property as we of the rest of the country do. The principles here'laid down show the difference in commercial value be tween the common-sense policy of Presi dent Johnson and the plans of the politicians who are opposing him. He would restore the Southern States for the good of the whole country ; they want to keep them out to punish them, although the wlole country must be just so much the worse off by keeping them out. It is cutting one’s nose off to spite his face.— Phil 1 a Ledger. The Pacific Railroad The act of Congress passed to aid the great enterprise of connecting the At lantic and Pacfic oceans by a continu ous line of\eomnninication by railroad requires one line to de constructed from Omaha, on the Missouri river, opposite Council Bluff's, to Kan Francisco. This main line was, by the act, to- be con structed by two companies, viz : 1 First— Tlie Union Pacific Railroad Company, which is to construct the line from Omaha to the eastern boundary of the State of California. General John A. Dix is President, and John J. Cisco Treasurer of this company. Sr.cond— The Central Pacific Railroad of California',was, by the act of Con gress, to construct the whole line from the eastern boundary of California to San Francisco. But it has assigned so much of the line as lies between Sacra mento and Kan Jose (one hundred and twenty miles) to the Western-'Pacirtc Railroad of California. The road from Kan Jose to Kan Francisco has already been completed (forty-nine miles) by a local company. The Union Pacific Railroad has fifty miles of road completed frqjii Omaha westward. The Central California is at work from Sacramento eastward, and the Western California from Kan Jose to Kacramento. Both are making good progress. There is also the Union Pacific Rail, way Company, Eastern Division. (Its charter says railway, not railroad.)— This company had at one time General’ Fremont for its President and Samuel Hallett for its financial manager. John D. Perry is now President and and Wm. J. Palmer Treasurer and Secretary. It is sometimes called the Kansas branch, and was formerly known as the Leaven worth, Pawnee and Western Railroad Company of Kansas. This company is. authorized to construct a road from the’ mouth of the Kansas, westward, to con nect with the main line at the one hundredth.meridian of longitude west of. Greenwich. It has finished sixty miles of road to Topeka, which is a lit tle east of the meridian of Omaha.— Omaha is on the ninety-Bixth meridian and Topeka ninety-five degrees forty five minutes. The main line is, there fore, about sixty miles in advaqce. But as the line from Topeka to the one hundreth meridian is longer than the line from Omaha to that meridian at the point of junction, the main line from Omaha is, in fact, some eighty miles in advance. The one-hundreth meridian is two hundred and forty-six miles west of Omaha, and it is expected that the main line will reach that point by the Ist of July, 1867. Thence to Laporte on the eastern slope of the Rocky Mountain is three hundred and five miles. The .mining interestsof the mountains may, ’Therefore, look at an early day for es sential relief in the matter of travel and transportation. The permanent location of the main line has been made for the first two hundred miles west from Omaha; and the route to Salt Lake, including the passes through the mountains, has been carefully surveyed and mapped, though surveys are still going on with a view to ascertain whether better grades can be found. All the Results obtained are exceedingly favorable and' show no difficulties which may not be easily overcome. Bishop Kebfoot, of the Episcopal Diocese of Western Pennsylvania, was consecrated yesterday at Pittsbnig. How tbe Unqualified Negro Suffrage Bill Was Passed. Thad. Stevens, 9 aster of Ceremonies— Tbe Action of the Democrats, and the Motives that Prompted it. The Washington correspondent of the N. Y. Herald got the following account of the movementsof the different parties in Congress, at the time of the passage of the bill conferring the unqualified right of suffrage upon the negroes of the District of Columbia. It places tbe Republicans in their true light. It will be seen that the Democratic minority acted on principle, and acted wisely and patriotically throughout. We give the correspondence entire as it appears in the Herald: Washington, Jan. 18, 1866. PASSAGE OF THE UNQUALIFIED NEGRO SUFFRAGE BILL. The great event of the day has been the passage in the House of the byi for universal negro suffrage in the District of Columbia. Thad. Stevens has again brought hi 9 Republican associates to his feet, and, in spite of their profes sions, has made them do his biddiug. With all the opposition to unrestricted negro suffrage by the Republicans in caucus, Stevens Ims managed to wheel them into line and carry his point. He knew the men that he had to deal with and has so directed his movements that nearly ali wheeled into Jine and sus tained his scheme. His threat in the caucus that he would vote with the Democrats and defeat its decision proves to have been no idle boasting. He bad made hiseslimate of the material in the House and counted with certainty on the result. During the debate a num ber of Republicans had directly op posed unqualified suffrage, but nearly all of them voted with Stevens for it to day under threats of that master of ceremonies to read them out of the parry. The combinations and the manner in which the direct test was forced upon the House were very curious and inter esting. The first vote was ou the motion, of Mr. Darling, of New York, to post pone further consideration until April. This motion the Democratic members intended to vote for, but they acciden tally ascertained that some of the Re publicans desired to postpone a direct vote until that time, for the purpose of not affecting the New Hampshire and Connecticut elections, which take place prior to that date. They wished to, avoid the issue at those elections, feard ing the effect might defeat them in these States. As soon as the Democratic members became cognizant of these facts, they at once decided to force the Republicans to meet tbe issue at once ami not to shirk it any longer. They therefore voted against a postponement, while Ktevensaud all his associates who were in favor of the Simon Pure and unadulterated negrosuff'rage voted with them, and defeated the postponement. Stevens and the extreme men of the House cared nothing for the effect po litically, but, being honestly in favor of the doctrine, rejoiced at this oppor tunity, and fairly chuckled over his success. The question of postponement having been defeated, the House was brought to a direct vote on recommitting the bill, with instructions to modify it by in serting an educational restriction. The Republicans who have claimed to be conservatives, and professed their oppo sition to unrestricted negro suffrage, rushed over to the democratic side, beg ging the latterto votewith themaguiust the extreme men. But the democratic members thus appealed to replied, “We are opposed to negro suffrage in any form, and shall Vote according to our convictions,” regardless how any of their opponents voted. They would certainly have no objections to a suffi cient number of republicans to vote with them ou every motion to defdht it. If the radicals voted with them to defeat its recommittal they wquld certainly have no objections'; then, if the issue before the House came direct on un qualified negro suffrage, those republi cans who have been loud in their pro fessions against it could then prove their faith by deeds. The votepn recommit ting with instructions wasffinallyreach ed, and Stevens again marshalled his radical associates against it and voted with the democrats, as he stated in the caucus he should do. The motion was lost, only fifty-three republicans voting for it. Then came the direut. vote on striking out the word “white” in the election laws and allowing the negroes to vote the same as the whites, or, in other words, universal and unrestricU ed suffrage. The calling of the yeas and nays revealed the fact that only abouta dozen republicans stood out against it, notwithstanding their professions, but yielded at once Co Stevens’ machina tions. Warwick immediately be gan to crow .over the weak-kneed of the party, and is to-night in high glee over his success in- bringing them to terms. Thus the republicans in Congress have beeu forced to meet the issue at once, and that, too, in the mostdirect form. Here we have another repetition of history and the effect of the moderate party yielding to the extreme faction the Jacobin and Girondist contest over again. The false step of those republi cans who professed conservatism was on the first day of the sessio. . They yield ed then to the extreme party with the belief that in doing so they could induce the latter to change their tone ami adopt more moderate views. But, instead of accomplishing this object, they strengthened the radical faction and placed themselves completely in their power, until now, when the great ques tions are to be met, the moderate portion are powerless and are forced tocringeat the feet and are at the mercy of the rad icals. The extreme faction have been growing stronger and bolder every day of the session, and all from the temporizing noliej' of the moderate portion of tne republican party of Congress on the tirst day of the session. Many of these members com ing from such States as Indiaria aud Illinois, where they have provisions in their State constitutions against a negro living in the State except by giving bonds, are wonderfully exercised over their record of to-day ; and well they may be. The democrats might have possibly been induced to vote forrecom mitting the bill, were it not for the fact that they had become completely dis gusted with a certain class of republi cans,’ who were constantly avowing their opposition to the extreme measures of the radicals, and yet, while this avowal was on their lips, turned around and voted for the very measures. They were determined to unmask this hypoc risy and make them show their true colors. Had the pretended conservative republicans voted with the democrats against unqualified negro suffrage they would have defeated it. Then they could have forced the Stevens party over to their side in favor of a qualified suffrage, which they would have taken rather than not get anything. But in stead of thus using the radicals to carry their points they allowed themselves to become the tools'of Stevens and support ed his measures. Their policy was plain, but they had neither the skill nor nerve to carry it out, and therefore fell, victims of their own folly, as did the Girondists in their famous contest with the Jacobins. % NEGRO SUFFRAGE IN THE SENATE. The bill now goes to the Senate for approval or rejection by that body. Its fate there is somewhat doubtful, as both sides claim to have sufficient strength to carry it. If the radicals had a Ste vens in that body to direct the move ments there could be no doubt as to the result. But Sumner the leader of the faction in that body, possesses no such skill as Stevens, and cannot crack his whip so successfully over their heads. It is, therefore, more than probable that the Senate will delay actioif until they can see whateffeetthe vote of the House will have upon the country. From all appearances several weekß will elapse before a direct vote is reached there. In the meantime, many of the members of the House will plead with the Sena tors to modify the bill, for the purpose of relieving themselves from the di lemma which they have l placed them- Belves in, and quiet their, conscience NUMBER 4. under the action of the Senate, which as members of the House, had not the nerve to do. EFFECT UPON THE DISTRICT. The effect of unqualified negro suf frage upon the District will unquestion ably be injurious. Ever since slavery has been abolished in tbe District, negroes have rushed here from all direc tions. A large proportion of them are of the very lowest kind—the lazy and indolent. They are those who were of no' use to the owuers, and are constantly engaged in thefts of all kinds. These blacks, if this bill becomes a law, will enjoy the same rights at the ballot box as the whites, and thus an element, not only dangerous, hut which will tend to demoralize the government, will be in troduced to the highest privilege of American citizenship. In this respect its effect will be worse than unqualified negro suffrage in the late rebellious States. Truly, the contest goes on. The battle increases in fury and interest. The great problem of the day is being work ed out. The principle of self-govern meut is about being put to a more se vere test than ever before. The party, w T hich for a long time claimed tout it was kept from power by the votes of the iguoraut and uneducated is now voting to increase the class of un intelligent voters at an alarming rate. The republicans have made it their boast, even before the war, that they carried every intelligent State and every intelligent portion of every other State. Under thisstyle'of reason ing they are conferring the privilege of the elective franchise upon a class which will hurl them from power. Rayages of the Trichina Disease In Prus sia-Eight) Deaths Out of Three Hun dred and Twenty Cases. The Berlin correspondent of the New York Herald gives the following ac count of the terrible ravages of the trich ina disease in Prussia: The good people of Berlin are not a very excitable race; they take thiug* coolly, submit with philosophical resig nation to what cannot be helped, and only grumble a little now aud then when their powers of endurance are too severely tasked ; but at the present mo ment they are really in a state of con siderable agitation, li is not a political agitation; the question that is discussed in public meetiugs aud private circles, in newspapers and placards, is neither the annexation of Schleswig-Holstein, nor the partition of Belgium, nor the approaching cataclysm of the Mexican empire, nor the exploits of the British Hayuaus and Mouravieffs in Jamaica— it is THE GREAT TRICHINA QUESTION Perhaps many of your readers may not know what triclnnse are, although they are by nomeansa recent discovery. The Criehina sjnralin is a small micro scopic worm or animalcule, which was tirst observed by the distinguished ana tomist, Richard Owen, in 1835, and is found in the muscles and iutestiues of various animals, especially pigs aud rab bits, in such enormous quantities that a single ounce of pork is said to contain occasionally as many as one hundred thousand of these parasites. By par taking of the meat infected with them they are transferred to the human body, causing suffering, which, in many instances, is followed by a pain ful death. The first symptoms of triehi nitis were noticed some years since in Dresden, but uo particular attention was paid to it till the summer before last, when a number of cases occurred both here aud in other parts of Germany, which led to a medical investigation o f this novel form of disease. As usual, the doctors were of different opinions; some of them declared that it was nothing else than what is gener ally called measly pork, which had. been known for ages aud lias never been known for ages and has never beeu thought particularly dangerous, and al though many people refrained from eating of the unclean animal, especially in the shape of such German delicacies as raw* ham and smoked sausages the whole affair was beginning to pass out of memory. The pork butchers breathed more freely, and trichiuaphobia was almost laughed out of countenance, when a few weeks ago it was suddeuly Tevived by the announcement that at Hedersleben, a small place in Prussian Saxony, the mysterious disease had broken out with great virulence and was spreading over the adjoining vil lages, its origin being distinctly tracea ble to a trichiniferous hog which had been killed by the butcher of the place and parceled out among the inhabi tants. HORRIBLE RAVAGES OF THE DISEASE. , Bay by day the accounts grew more alarming, whole families were stated to have died off' in excruciating agony, and by the last bulletins the number of cases actually amounted to over three hundred,and twenty, of which eighty had already proved fatal. It is impos sible to describe the consternation exci ted by the intelligence ; since the appa rition of the cholera nothing like it is recollected by the oldest inhabitant. PORK AT DISCOUNT t A general strike took place in the pork eating line ; in vain every butcher pro tested that his meat, at least, was sound and uninfected by tlie formidable infu soria; the public turned from ii with disgust; ham and sausages were ta booed, and roast pig itself was"”ventured upon by a few bold spirits, notwith standing the most practical trichinolo gists admitted that a thorough good roasting was a process which even a trichina could hardly stand. In the meantime physicians crowded to He dersleben from all parts of the country to investigate the symptoms of the disorder, aud communicate the result of theirobservations to the newspapers, the publication of which increased the uni versal pauic. The poorer classes of the population,who( besides potatoes aud rye bread) live clffefiy on pork, either fresh or^alted, were in the worst dilem maoful I, having the alternative of going without meal altogether, or of eating lood which they knew or suspected to he unwhole some, and which the first medical au thorities affirmed to be dangerous to health and to life itself. PRECAUTIONARY MEASURES, It was proposed, therefore, that every butcher should be ordered, under severe pains and penalties, to havetheanimals slaughtered by him submitted to a microscopicexamination, and on Friday last a great public meeting took J place in which the question was debated, and both pro and auti-trichinists, the latter principally of pork butchers and their retainers, were assembled in great force. TAKING A MAN AT HIS WORD. A veterinary surgeon by the name of Urban, a man who acquired au uuenvi ble notoriety in the revolution of 1848, contended stoutly that there were no such things as trichime, und offered to eat any that were given him ; where upon his antagonists produced a* slice of black pudding, made, they said, of trich iniferous pork, and requested him to devour it. The unhappy man turned pale and seemed inclined to back out, but, put upon his mettle by the laugh ter of the meeting, he suddenly bolted the nauseous morsel held out to him, and then rushed from the hall—ill natured persons assert—to an apothe cary’s shop, where a good doseof ipecac relieved him from the possible effects of his rash enterprise. I DECIDING TO DO SOMETHINGS The meeting broke up, as is usual with such meetings, after concluding that “something must be done;” but no action has been taken as yet by the city authorities. The butchers, however, finding the tide of opinion running against them, have given way so far as to have their meat examined in the manner proposed, and in almost every butcher’s shop you now see a handbill posted up with the information tblit the joints of pork, hams, sausages, &0., Have been chemically analyzed hy Doctor Huch-a-one, and found “ free from trich inffi.” It remains to be seen whether this, will suffice to calm the apprehen sions of the public, who do not often attach much weight to such testimoni als. In Berlin there have not been many cases of the disease, about thirty in all ~ MTB Of ABVMTmim Bpgnraar_AuV»ufm«mrre, IM V jrw per square of ten lines: ten per cent. fractions of & veer* .Rest. Brass, ProoirAT, PaonsTTrand G«S aae2. AnvzaTzsnvo, 7 cents a Une tor the gnt, and 4 oents for each subsequent Inser- Patkht UxDicnred and other adver*« by to* oolnmn: One oolnmn, 1 year, r _, COO Half column, 1 00 Third oolnmn, 1 40 §narter BO usiNxsa Cards, often lines or lees, one year, 10 Business Cards, five lines or less, one year iim 6 Lsqal and othsb ***** Executors’ notices 2.00 Administrator*’ notices .. 2.00 Assignees’ notices, .. M 2.00 Auditors', notices, 1.50 Other “ Notloee, ’ ten lines, or lees, three times, .50 of which thirteen have ended fatally, and it in alleged that of ten thousand hogs slaughtered here not more than one has been found infected with trichin© ; but of course this does not prevent peo ple from being frightened, for as every oqe who takes a ticket in a lottery ex pects to draw a prize, so every one is afraid that if he eats pork it may just happen to be part of that particular representative of swinish multitude which forms the single unlucky excep tion among his myriadsof healthy breth* ren. The trichinapbobia continues to rage with unabated intensity. In Berlin several new cases of the sickness have appeared. At Hedersleben the number ol deaths amount already tonearahun dred, and attacks of trichinitis are re ported from many other parts of the country. The pork dealers are at their wits’ end ; all their asseverations that every ounce of their wares has been microscopically examined and proved to be perfectly free from the noxious animalcuhe; ail the medical certificates invoked in their behalf, are disregraded by the police, who subbomly refuse to touch anything appertaining to the por cine geuus. The entire population of Berlin have been suddenly converted to Judasim, and display religious antipathy to the unclean animal which must truly edifyiug to the followers of the Mosaic law, lioast and pickled pork, hams, sausages, black puddiugs and pigs’ trot ters have vanished frpm the bills of fare, aud if the butchers want to save their bacon they have no otherresource but to eat it themselves. A new branch of in dustry has been called into existence by tlie general panic ; specimens of the trichina are shown through microscopes at the moderate charge of half agroshen per head, and the frightful aspect of the pigmy monsters increases the aversion to the ouce prized delicacies which are said to harbor them. 111 an economical point of view the consequences are seri ous ; the prices of other kinds of meat, which were already sufficiently high, are daily becoming more exorbitant, ami tiie poorer classes of tile population, who are never too well fed, are in dan ger of being restricted altogether to a vegetable diet. The subtraction of a staple article of food from general con sumption can hardly fail to produce dis astrous effects upou the public health, especially if the rinderpest, which pre vails now in England, should extend to these regions and still further reduce tlie supply of wholesome nourishmeut. HINT TO AMERICAN PORK DEALERS. If tlie trichina has uot yet made its appearance in America, it might, per haps, be a good speculation to export hams, salt pork, &c., t& this couutry, where the people would be too happy to partake of their accustomed alimeut if they could do so without fear of infeo tion. Hasty Legislation. The Philadelphia Ledger, paper whose political standiug is well-known, has the following judicious and timely article : The practice of rushing important measures through Congress without con sideration or debate is one that will lead to mischief, unless it is stopped. That body has had one example of the bad results of the practice already in the present session, in the railroad law which seemed to strike a blow at one railroad, but really released dozens of the Western roads from their obliga tions to the United States. That bill was whirled through one house under the whip aud spur of the previous ques tion, aud the action had to be recalled when it was found what mischief had been done. But bad as that was, it is nothing when compared to the at tempts now being made to change the Constitution of the United Htates, with out allowiug debate and even without printing the amendments. The reso lution reported by Mr. Stevens from the committee of fifteen, to change the basis of representation in Congress, is itself a modification of a very crude proposition which it was some time ago proposed to rush through iu the same way. But that measure, as it was demonstrated in these columns, would have produced very different results from those con templated by its movers, and it had to be thrown aside for the present one re ported by Mr. Stevens. It is doubtful f even in its present shape it will effect yj tlie object of those who are pressing it. " Even after a slight examination of it, we can see several ways in which it can be avoided or evaded/ It provides that whenever the elective franchise shall be denied, in auy State, on account of race or color, all persons of that race or color shall be excluded from the basis of rep resentation. But how easy it will be in the South ern Htates, if it is thought desirable to evade the provision, to put the disfran chisement on other grounds than color, but on Huchgrounds as will apply almost exclusively to the freedmen. without naming them. They can enact that all those who were qualified voters under the State laws on the first day of Jan., 1806, shall continue to be voters, but that all who are thereafter admitted to be voters shall have been free citizens for the term of ten years next preceding, that they shall be able to read and write, that they shall hold property in fee sim ple to the amount of $5OO, and shall be ruled for taxes to the extent of $2O or more. Such enactments, and many others, would apply, or could be made by State officers to apply, almost exclu sively to the freedmeu without naming them. Hence, in this aud in muny other ways the crude amendment to the Con stitution which it is sought to press through with so much haste could be effectually evaded. The truth is, that Congress in amending the Constitution, should imitate the cautious and consid erate methods adopted by the fathers of tlie Republic in framing the Constitu tion. Those really great men weighed every word, discussed every clause thoroughly and anxiously, with a view to foresee all its futyre bearings, and whether it would accomplish their ob jects or not. In tiffs way they spent longmouthsof debateand consideration, fully maturing that which has lasted so well, and which it is now proposed to overthrow between two o’clock and “sundown” of a short winter day. Our New Nobility. It would seem that this republic Is about to attempt a rivalry with the old monarchies in the establishment of a new nobility, based not upon hereditary titles, as in the Old World, but upon what the individuals are supposed to represent on ihe books of the Internal Revenue Assessor. A committee of tlie New York Chamber of Commerce waited upon the President the other day, as our Washington correspondent relates, and sent in their cards, with the number of millions they were worth ap. pended to theiruames; forexample, “F. S. Winston, President Mutual Insurance Company, representing seventeen mil lions dollars ; R. H. Burdell, President of the Erie Railroad, representing sixty millions; U. B. Clanin, the largest merchant on the globe.” This imme diately suggests the idea of novel titles of nobility. Instead of using the prefix of “Lord” or “Sir,” or the affix of “Baronet,” “ K. C. 8.,” and so forth, we might have inscribed on the cards of our new nobility, W. B. Astor, forty millions ; John Jones, seventeen mil lions ; Augustus Adolphus Brown, ten millions ; Theophilusßobinson, twelve millions ; Hieronymus Dry Goods, the largest merchants on the globe, and so on. Our new nobility, who have visited the White House in connection with the New York collectorship, evidently agree with Burns in the idea that The rank Is but the guinea’s stamp; The man’s tlu? gold for a’ that, and a’ that, and a’ that; and especially for the collectorship of the port of New York. —i\ r . Y Herald. The interest on the Seven-Thirty bonds, amounting to $7,300,000, falling due on the 15Hi inst., is being redeemed by the Treasrfry Department and all the designated depositories. Over $125,000 in coupons have already been redeemed«_
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers