~~ ~ _ ht~cit~exftit~~itgt~tceY- tilEO. SANDERSON, EDITOR. A. SANDERSON. Associate. LANG_ Alitiat,c PA., APRIL 24;1860 'entigaaNtooo optimal; summerni . '• 90 Wascitum7'' sa-s. M. Parma & 00a 4204iwaxau Atiwar,lle Naomi strod, New ];pelt, sad 10 Stptia:stnort. Beaton. M. Parma t Oa, are fir 291447'01r00110' a to MOB and tlikaari Nhay n co nt act t &ins st 'lnd' lowest rafes DEMOCRATIC STATE NOMINATIONS FOR GOVERNOR: HENRY 11. FOSTER, of Westmoreland ELECTORS: IMPUTOELIAL =MILL George M. Reim, of Berks county. Richard 'faux, of Philadelphia. re KLZOTOR.B. 14. 7. Reckhow, 15. George D. Jackson, IS. J. A. Aid, 17.. - 7. 8.-Danner. 18. J. B. Crawford, lii. H. N. Lee, 20. J. B. Howell, 21. N. P. Fetterman, 22. Samuel Marshall, 23. William Book; 24. B. D. Hamlin,' 26. Gaylord Church. . L Broderick' Semi, 2. --Wilßahro. Patterson, 8. Joseph Crockett, Jr., 4. 4:0. Brenner, - - 6. J. W.Jacoby, - O.' Charles Kelly, T. 0. P. Tames, 8. David Scholl, 9. Joel' L. Lightner, 10. B..B.. Barber, , • T. H: Walker; ' 12. 8.8. Winchester, - Joseph Lanbach, THE CHARLESTON CONVENTION. The Democratic National Convention met at Charleston on yesterday. It is generally supposed that the Convention will have a protracted and exciting session, but ,ipe hope to have the pleasure of announcing the name 13f our standard bearer in the next issue of The Intelligencer. The names of many distinguished statesmen have been mentioned in connexion with the Presidency, and the Conveniion can hardly mike a mistake in selecting the candidate. The principal trouble, it is presumed, will be on agreeing in refer ence to a platform of 'principles. On this subject we hope that a spirit of concession and compromise!will prevail, and that the Democ racy of •the whole country will be able to go into he campaign with closed ranks and an unbroken front. There is too much at stake for any farther quarrels or dissensions among our fri;id4 on mere abstraCtions. We have suffered long enough in 'consequence of these intestine divisions. We want union and harmony in our ranks, without which it is in vain to think of success. May we not hope, therefore, that the Charleston Convention will set a glorious example to the Democracy of the Union. If so, the party will be united as one man 'in support of the nominee, whoever he may be, and a triumphant victory for the Union and the Constitution over Abolitionism and Sec tionalism will be our reward. • We await the result of the Convention with deep solicitude, and, doubtless, this feeling is participated in by all our readers. We hope for the best. A. BOGUS SET OF AIA.RTYRS " The Black Republicans just now," says the Detroit Free Prese; " hate several incipient martyrs who are anxious, in a small way, for somebody to hurt them. They are too arrant cowards to walk, up to martyrdom as old John Brown did, so that their necks will be endangered, but they aie nevertheless endeav oring to make people believe that they are terrible sufferers in the cause of freedom. " The first of these is Hyatt, who is now luxuriating in the Washington jail because the Senate of the United States will not back down and acknowledg&that he is right. The Senate, including nearly all of the Black Republicans, think it easier for the contuma cies of Hyatt to come to them than for them to go to him, and so he is left to vegetate within the four stone walls of his prison, " The second is Sanborn, of Massachusetts, who furnished old Brown with money and means with which to invade a State of the Union and commit murder and treason. The Senate wished him to tell what le knew of the affair, and accordingly despatched an officer to serve a summons. Sanborn was frightend out of his five senses, and shouted fire and murder until a mob was collected who rescued him from the hands of the offi cials. He alleges that he fears for his personal safety, and well he may, if his full connection with old Brown should come to light, and the law allowed to takeits course. " The third is Cassius M. Clay, who is lately out with a statement that his neighbors contemplated assassinating him because he was a Black Republican. The • committee wbo were to do this fearful deed publish a statement in which they state that " Mr. Clay has been most cruelly hoaxed. So far from any such design, his name has never been mentioned in a meeting of that commit tee, except incidentally." So he cannot be accommodated to a martyrdom just now. "The last is Booth, of Wisconsin, who like Hyatt, is luxuriating in jail, serving out a term for violation of law. -These are the kind of men who are endeavoring to foist themselves upon the public as sufferers and martyrs for freedom's sake." ANOTHER CHALLENGE Hon. ROBERT J. WALKER challenged Attor ney General Bracx to mortal combat, on Thursday last, through f ienator BROWN, of Mississippi. The latter showed his good sense by declining to accept the challenge; and so the matter rests. The cause of the challenge was the Attorney General's denial that Mr. BUCHANAN'S letter to WALKER, in Kansas, was authentic, thus impugning the latter's character for veracity. APPOINTMENT BY THE. GOVERNOR JOHN S. DOUGHERTY, Esq., of this City, to be Notary Public, in place of Walter G. Evans, Esq., whose term has expired. The cppointinent of Mr. Dougherty gives general satisfaction. He is both competent and deserving, and will faithfully discharge the duties of the office. APPOINTED.—Our good friend, Capt. JOHN H. Dom:aux, has received the appointment of a Clerkship in the Philadelphia Custom House. The Captain richly deserved the position, and we are gratified at his good fortune. He will make a faithful and efficient officer. Tan M. E. CHURCH AND SLAVERY.—The following aro the votes of several of the Annual Conferences of the Methodist Episcopal Churoh, in regard to changing the general rule of the Church so as to exclude slavehold ers from communion: Baltimore Conference, for change, 0; against, 149. East Baltimore do., for, 0; against, 156. Philadelphia do., for, 12 ; against, 170. Pittsburg do., for, 18 ; against, 127. Missouri do., for, 0; against, 42. It will be seen from the above that the Central Methodist Episcopal Conferences are strongly conservative on the slavery question, and are satisfied to "let well enough alone," maugre all the efforts of a few misguided nitraists and fanatics to bring about a rupture in the Church. OUR &Tents wrrn SPAIN.—The Hon. Wrn. C. Preston, Embassador to Spain, returned by the Asia and is in Washington. The New York trib une states that he has negotiated a treaty with the Queen's Government whereby all the questions . hitherto in issue between the two nations are adjusted, and the most amica ble relations re-established. RATIFSII 'W . :ea/L.—Delegates to Charleston may sammerke on the most liberal scale.— stated that-on the 9th' instant, the theriftielmi ranged' at &an 85 to_qp degrees, and agiketti 33 B warmer' -2IS:=SY3LH~S'S"L We cannot, for the life of us, perceive what connexion there is between the Kansas im broglio of 1857, which • has long since tom settled, and the professed objectar °tests sought to, be accomplished by the Coitide IsyceitigSthig 001111#143.'i , ,..:Yet tkissihavp bad eßfiovernor liVstaces bef ore thettr, wheiltas made a statement, irisrhichibe gives the whole history of hit sppointmentAnd biticubsequent action in Kisicsas4idalso at t*,' same time' the celebrata letter of .the President, about which so mach was sainitring the pendency of the Lecompton controversy, was read. The letter will be found below, and we_ give it a place in our columns at the request of a num ber of our subscribers who are anxious to see it : WASHINGTON, July 12, 1857. MY Dees duly received your letter of the 28th ult., on Friday last. I read it to the Cabinet, then in session. The views which it contained were not calculated to assure us of your success, though we did not despond. Hence 'you may judge with what satisfaction we received the account of the proceedings of the National Democratic Convention, held at Lecompton on the 3d inst. The point on which your and our success depends is the submission of the constitution to the people; and by the people I mean, and I have no doubt you mean the actual bona fide residents who have been long enough in the Territory to identify themselves with its fate. The Legislature determined three months as the period of residence to entitle individuals to vote for members of the Convention ; . and if the Converigon should think proper to adopt the same period to entitle individuals to vote for or against the constitution, it appears to me this would be reasonable. On the ques— tion of submitting the constitution to the bona fide resident settlers of Kansas, I am willing to stand or fall. In sustaining such a principle we cannot fall. It is the principle of the Kansas Nebraska bill, the principle of popular sovereignty, and the principle at the foundation of all popular government. The more it is discussed the stronger it will become. Should the Convention of Kansas adopt this principle, all will be settled harmon iously; and, with the blessing of Providence, you will return triumphantly from your arduous, im portant and responsible mission. The stric tures of the Georgia and Mississippi Conven tions will then pass away, to be , speedily for— gotten. In regard to Georgia, our news from that State is becoming better every day. We have not yet had time to hear much from Mississippi. Should you answer the resolution of the latter, I would advise you to make the great principle of the submission of the Constitution to the bona fide residents of Kansas conspicuously prominent. On this you will be irresistible. With the question of climate every person is acquainted, and the more you insist upon this, the more will our opponents urge that we are violating the principle of non-interference at the foundation of the Kansas Nebraska law. It is strange that people at a distance, who have not practical acquaintance with the condition of Kansas, should undertake to be wiser than those on the spot. It is beyond all question the true policy to build up the great Demo cratic party there to sustain the constitution and the laws, composed of Pro-slavery and Free State Democrats ; and if the majority should be against slavery, to obtain such constitutional provisions - as will secure the right of slaveholders in Missouri and other States, and maintain all the laws guarding the just rights of the South. You are right in your conjecture as to the cause of Jtfdge Williams' appointment. We supposed it would be peculiarly acceptable to yourself, and that he might aid in carrying out your policy. Colonel Cumming has been appointed Governor of Utah. This will leave his place vacant after a brief period required for settling up his business, and I shall certainly be disposed to fill it by the appointment of Mr. Stevens. General Harney has been selected to corn mand the expedition to Utah; but we must contrive to leave him with you, at least, until you are out of the woods. Kansas is vastly more important at the present moment than Utah. The pressure upon me continues without intermission. I pray that Divine Providence, in which I place my trust, may graciously preserve my life and my health until the end of my term ; but God's will be done in any event. With every sentiment of esteem, I remain always sincerely your friend, JAMES BUCHANAN HOD. ROBERT J. WALKER. Xtez. In immediate junta-position with the above letter, dated July 12, 1857, should be placed the following extract from the message of the President, dated the 6th day of Decem ber following, five months afterwards, and which strongly corroborates the sentiments of the Walker letter. It is in these words: " With my deep convictions of duty, I could have pursued no other course. It is true, that as an individual, I had expressed an opinion, both before and during the session of the Convention, in favor of submitting the remaining clauses of the Constitution, as well as that concerning slavery, to the people.— But, acting in an official character, neither myself nor any human authority had the power to re judge the proceedings of the Convention, and declare the Constitution which it had framed to be a nullity. To have done this would have been a violation of the Kansas and Nebraska act, which left the people of the Territory perfectly free to form and regulate their domestic institutions in their own way, subject only to the Constitu• tion of the United States.' It=would equally have violated the great principle of popular sovereignty, at the foundation of our institu tions, to deprive the people of the power, if they thought proper to exercise it, of confiding to delegates elected by themselves the trust of framing a Constitution, without requiring them to subject their constituents to the trouble, expense, and delay of a second elec tion. It would have been in opposition to many precedents in our history, commencing in the very best age of the Republic, of the admission of Territories as States into the Union, without a previous vote of the people approving their Constitution. " It is to be lamented that a question so insignificant, when viewed in its practical effects on the people of - Kansas, whether decided one way or the other, should have kindled such a flame of excitement throughout the country. This reflection may prove to be a lesson of wisdom and of warning for our future guidance. Practically considered, the question is simply whether the people of that Territory should first come into the Union and then change any provision in their Con— stitution not agreeable to 'themselves, or accomplish the very same object by remaining out of the Union and framing another Consti— tution in accordanoe with their will? In either case, the result would be precisely the same. The only differencein point of fact is, that the object would have been much sooner attained, and the pacification of Kansas more speedily effected, had it been admitted as a State during the :ast session of Congress." THE ADMISSION of BANSAI3.—It is thought that the bill for the admission of Kansas will be passed in the Senate, The House Demo crats who voted for it are : Adrian, (A. L. D.) of bf.-T. Larabee, Wis. Allen, Ohio. Logan, DI. Barr, N. Y. Martin; Ohio. Barrett, Mo. McClernand, 111. Burch., CaL Montgomery, Penn. H.'L. Clark, (A. L. D.) N. Y. Morris Di. Cochrane, N. Y. Niblack, Ind. . Cooper, Mich. Pendlekon, Ohio. Cox, Ohio. Riggs, (A. L. D.) N. J. Florence, Penn. Robinson, Di. Fonke, 111. Schwartz, (A. L. D.) Penn. Haekin, (A.L.D.) N. Y. Stout, Oregon. Hickman, (A. L. D.) Penn. Vallandingham, Ohio. Holmes, Ind. Webster, Ohio-29. Howard, Ohio. The Americans, or those who claim to be opposition men, who voted for it are : Messrs. Briggs, N. Y. Etheridge, Tenn. Carter, N. Y. E. Joy Morris, Penn.-4. THE BIG FIGHT %BASHED. The steamship America, which arrived at Halifax, on' Friday, brings the news that Heenan was arrested near Derby, on Good Friday, and was kept in custody until _ the day the America sailed, when he was to have been brought before the magistrate. In conse• quence of Heenan's arrest it was supposed that the fight would be indefinitely postponed. Alp Ex-Speaker LAWRENCE died at Harris hurg, on. Sunday'. Wt.. He had been in a deolining state of health nearly all winter.- DALLOTIEGS POR PRESIDENT AT PER CONTEJS: VENTION OP. 1856. The following are the ballots of this Con vention from firekto last: '' n Ballot. .Ibachazutn.Pierce. pones'. GILL nth - ....... .. . ,-----140 .119% .. 8 1 • .-",. ; atit h..--......... 145 , 107% - 28 68.6 lilighth..-....:- - ...,...' ....J EN' . .'.87 - 66 .- .04 :Einth.....i.i.i...-..........146 . "ii 87 -. _ - 56' - -• r.., I ' " radii ' ' .1.47 M BO% • 82% - VW Eleventh... 147% 80 63 • 51/ Twelfth --... 148 79 56% - Thirteenth 150 77 63 fl Fourteenth. 152 W 79 63 6 Fifteenth- ................168% 8 118 4 Sixteenth.. 168. 122 6 Seventeenth.. ..... --..298 - On the seventeenth ballot Mr. Buchanan was unaniMonsly nominated. ' PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION OF 1856 At this election there were three candidates in the field, regidarly - nominated, for each 'offitle : James Buchanan,of Pennsylvania, and John. C. Breckinridge, of Kentucky, on the part of the Democrats; John C. Fremont, of California, and William L. Dayton, of New Jersey, on the. part of the Black Republicans; and Millard Fillmore, of New York, and Andrew Jackson Donelson, of Tennessee, on the part of the. Whigs and Americans. The result was as follows : RAM 1 , 011 BUCHANAN AND BBAKDECNBIDGE. Indiana 13 -27 Illinois ..3 Alabama 9 -15 Missouri 9 ..10 Arkansas 4 .. 8 Florida.- • 3 _lO Texas 4 ..12 California 4 ..12 New Jersey Pennsylvania... Delaware Virginia North Carolina. South Carolina. Georgia - Kentucky Tennessee Louisiana 6 Number of rildctors -7 Majority STATES POE FREMONT AND DAYTON. .. 8 New York. 5 Ohio .18 Michigan 4 Wiacorosin' 6 lowa, Maine New Hampshire Massachnsetta Rhode 151 and...., Connecticut Vermont Number of electors. • RAM . FOB MIXON AND DONSINON, Maryland Number of electors.—.. James Buchanan, of Pennsylvania, and John C. Breckinridge, of Kentucky, having received a majority of all the votes cast in the Electoral Colleges, were declared duly elected President and Vice President of the United Statee. POPULAR VOTE FOR PRESIDENT. 185 C Rep. Dem. Am. states. Fremont. Buchanan. Fillmore. Alabama 48,739 28,552 Arkansas 21,910 10,787 California 20,691 53,365 36,165 Connecticut 42.715 34,995 2,615 Delaware 308 8,0046,175 , Florida 6,358 4 833 ... Georgia 58,581 42,439 Illinois 98,189 105,348 37,444* Indiana 94,375 118,870 22,385 lowa 43,954 86,170 9,180 Kentucky 314 74,642 67,417 Louisiana - 22,164• . 20,709 Maine 67,179 39,080 3,325 Maryland 281. 39,115 47,460 Massachusetts 108,190 . 39,240 19,628 Michigan . 71,762 52,136 1,660 Mississippi • - 35,438 24,195 Missouri - 58,164 48,524 New Hampshire- 38,346 32,789 422 New Jersey 28,338 46,943 24,115 New York.. 276,004 196,878 124,604 North Carolina. - 48,246 36,886 Ohio 187,497 170,874 28,121 Pennsylvania.. 147,963 230,772 82,222 Rhode Island . 11,487 6,680 1,675 South Carolina. { Presidential Electors chosen by the Legislature. Tennessee - 73,636 66,117 Texas - 31,169 • 15,639 Vermont '39;561 10,569 t 646 Virginia 291 89,706 60,310 Wisconsin 66,090 52,843 580 .1,341,514 1,838,32 874.,707 IMPORTANT TO MILLERS AND MAN UFACTURERS. The following • decision of the Supreme Court is important to millers and manufactur ers in this Commonwealth. By the decision of the Supreme Court, made in 1850, in the case of Berks county vs. Bertolet, reported in 1 Harris, 522, it was determined that a miller or manufacturer of flour who purchases grain and retails the flour at other places than his mill, is liable to taxation and payment of license fee as a dealer in merchandise, under the 11th section of the act of April 22d, 1846• In that case Bertolet, the defendant, owned a mill and farm. He raised and bought grain and manufactured it into flour at his mill.— He sold it at his mill, and sent it by his team to the city of Reading, where he sold it to his customers by the hundred. For this he was held liable to taxation, and compelled to take out a license. Ever since that decision the millers in Chester county have been assessed by the mercantile appraiser, and compelled to take out a license, for which they have paid from seven dollars upwards, according to their classification. By a decision of the Supreme Court, made last year, the decision in Berks County vs. Bertolet is overruled, and millers are exempted from liability to take out license. The case is the Commonwealth vs. Campbell, reported in 9th Casey, 380, and was an appeal from the decision of the mercantile appraiser of Perry county. The following were the facts agreed upon by the parties : "The defendant is the owner of a tan-yard in Perry county. He buys hides In the city of Philadelphia and elsewhere ; brings them to his tan-yard, and manufactures them into leather by the usual process of tanning; sup plies shoemakers and others at home, at his yard; sends leather so manufactured to the cities of Philadelphia and Baltimore. and sells to commission leather merchants, and consigns the same to said merchants, who sell it on com mission, at so much per cent., or on a per centage. Defen • dant owns no warehouse at his said tan-yard, nor keeps nor owns a warehouse, shop or store in Philadelphia or Baltimore. Under these facts, the Commonwealth claims the tax, under the act of Assembly In such case made and provided." The case was argued by Attorney General Knox for the Cominonwealth, and by Junkin for the defendant. • • ;'1 The opinion of the Court was delivered by Chief Justice Lowrie, as follows: "In endeavoring to ascertain the classes who are taxa ble by the mercantile appraisers, we find them described in the act of 1830 by the terms, ' every person who shall deal in selling goods and merchandize; but it applies only to foreign goods. The act of 1841 gives ranch the same description of the class, using the terms, all persons en gaged in selling, &u:' and it applies to domestic as well as foreign goods, but with a different scale of taxation for each. It also calls them dealers,' and describes them as persona who make purchases and sales,' P. L., 311.—The act of 1845 also calls them dealers.' Now, it seems to us quite clear that all these modes of expression are merely different forms of describing the class called merchants and shopkeepers, and that it does not include manufacturers or mechanics who sell only their own manufactures. This still becomes more clear when we refer to the act of 1848; for it changes the rate, by putting dealers in foreign and in domestic geode on the same footing, and by making manufacturers taxable in certain cases. "Every manufacturer sells hls wares, but he is not therefore classed as a dealer' in them, under the act of 1846. The law distinguished between dealers and manu facturers; and therefore we must do eo. A manufacturer or mechanic Is taxed for selling his• wares only when ho keeps a store or warehouse away from his manufactory, In which he sells the wares iri the manufacture of which he is 'concerned or 'interested '—that Is, as whole ; or part owner. "The defendant is a tanner, and sends his leather to .Baltimore and sells it there. That is not selling. within the State, and therefore is not a ground of taxation here. He sends some to commission merchants to sell for him. For that he is not taxable, because the commission mar. chant is the seller, and pays the tax as su•h. His sales at his tan-yard are plainly not a ground of taxation. M." Bat he also sonde leather to Philadelphia, and sells it there, though without keeping a store there; and accord ing to the decision in BERM COUNTT vs. B2IITOLST, this makes him taxable as a seller of merchandise. In that decision we. think the law was misunderstood; for it con founds tbuLdlstinction between dealers and manufactu rers, which is clearly marked in the law. "Dealers are the middlemen between the manufacturer or producer and the consumer ; and they are made taxa ble under all the laws we have referred to. " Manufacturers are made taxable as sellers of merchan dise, by the act of 18444 if they keep a store, away from their manufactory, for the sale of their goods. The mode in which the defendant sells his leather does not bring him within the act, and therefore he is not taxable by the mercantile appraisers." This decision, of course, covers millers, as well as all other manufacturers. Stir Dyspepsia is known as one of the most distressing complaints which afflict humanity, and until the advent of the Oxygenated Bitters, had been considered incurable, or when curable, requiring years to. accomplish it. The. Oxygenated Bitters perform in a few days cures, which other medicines take years to alleviate. HEAVY . ROBBERY AT CHICAGO.—The office of the City Colleotor was broken open and robbed on the night of the 17th inst. $3,000 in currency, and $17,000 in checks and Treasury warrants were stolen. No clue has yet been obtained towards the detection of the robbers.. _ger The "Keystone State," with the Penn sylvania delegation on board, reached Charles ton on Saturday,morning at &o'clock, after a pleasant Noyage of 63 hours. On that day the thermometer, at Clueleston, stood at 90 degrees in the shade! ~_*; . - N . ML'Ar- OtS:IMAAnCIM-ISI±TnIC TEmsiwmnr.i. It is the custom, says the Delaware Gazette, of the Abolition Press in the border States to invoke the name of the, Sage of Ashland to sustain them in - advocating the doctrineit'of the Republican party:..; To shoW how urifoun4-. ed are the assertions of thtioPpeeitiOrt paPers that Henry Clay entertained-the'opiniontron this subject that the Republican patty advan• _O4, we have only to read Mr Clay's own words. They prove him to hive Occupied the precise ground which the Democratic Party now does, and therefore every man who was an Old Line Whig is clearly consistent in uniting with the Demooracy in its present efforts to sustain the "Constitution 'and the Union ; and to prevent the government falling into the hands of the reckless fanatics that are driving, by false reasoning and the advo• eau of impracticable theorise, the country to the very 'verge of ruin. , All we ask is that every man who , loved Mr. Clay and admired his patriotism and his talents shall read and study for himself, and not be led astray by the falsehoods of the men who deserted the doctrines of - the Whig party to follow northern leaders who do not hold one sentiment in common with those of Henry Clay. They are not even sound'bn the Pro tective policy to which Clay was so strongly devoted. The Republicans of the New Eng— land States are today stronger advocates of the present tariff than fhe northern Democrats. The reason , for this is plain . enough. There is a duty on cloth, and the manufacturers are fearful that if a change is attempted the farmers may ask an increase on foreign wool, or that a heavy increase of duty on foreign iron would curtail their railroad dividends in consequence of the rise in the price of rail and other material so much in demand in the construction of roads; while the northern Democracy,are mostly the poor working men who are not interested in stocks. But to return to the subject: Mr. Clay, in his Report as - Chairman of the memorable Committee of Thirteen, in 1850, touched upon the question of slavery in the Territories in the following terms : " The bill for establishing the two Terri tories, it will be observed, omits the Wilmot-- Proviso, on the one hand, and, on the other, makes no provision for the introddction, of slavery into any part of the New Territories. That Proviso has been the fruitful source of distraction and agitation. If it were adopted and applied to any Territory, it- would cease to have any obligatory force as soon as such Territory were admitted as a State •intb the Union. There was never any occasion for it, to accomplish the professed object With which it was originally offered. This has been clearly demonstrated by the current of events. California, of all the recent Territorial acqui— sitions from Mexico, was that in which, if anywhere within them, the introduction of slavery was most likely to take place; and the Constitution of California, by the unani— mous vote of her Convention, has expressly interdicted it. There is the highest degree of probability that Utah and New Mexico when they come to be admitted as States follow the example. The Proviso is, as to all these regions in common, a mere abstraction. Why should it be any longer insisted on?— Totally destitute, as it is, of any practicable import it has, nevertheless, had the pernicious effect to excite serious, if not alarming, conse quences. It is high time that the wounds which it hlis inflicted should be healed up and closed; and that, to avoid in all future time, the agitations which must be produced by the conflict of opinion on the slavery question, existing as this institution does in some of the States, and prohibited as it is in others, the true principle which ought to regulate the action of Congress in forming Territorial Govern ments for each newly acquired domain is to REFRAIN FROM ALL LEGISLATION ON THE SUBJECT IN THE TERRITORY ACQUIRED, 80 LONG AS IT RETAINS THE TERRITORIAL FORM OF GOVERN— MENT—Ieaving it to the people of said Terri tory, when they have attained to a condition which entitles them to admission as a State, to decide for themselves the question of the allow ante or prohibition of domestic slavery. The Committee believe that they express the anxious desire of an immense majority of the people of the United States, when they declare that it is high time that good feelings, harmony, and fraternal sentiments should be again revived, and that the Government should be able once more to proceed in its great opera— tions to promote the happiness and prosperity of the country undisturbed by this distracting cause." THE GUANO TRADE The American trade in Guano (says the New York Journal of Commerce) has already acquired a large importance. Since the dis coveries of guano deposits in the islands of the Pacific ocean and elsewhere, under the protection afforded by the guano law of 1856, (by which Congress secured to citizens of the United States certain rights and privileges designed to aid in the acquisition of these deposits,) something like 30,000 tons have been received in this country. Upwards of fifty islands, before considered worthless mounds of sand, have been taken into posses• sion by Americans under the rights thus conferred. From those belonging to the American Guano Company alone, twenty cargoes have arrived, and including arrivals from other American islands, the number received is at least forty. In the Southern States, particularly, this guano is being exten sively used, and, we believe, with results very satisfactory to agriculturalists. Large tracts of worn-out laud, lately abandoned, are once more subjected to tillage. Notwithstanding the doubts at first enter— tained in regard to the value of this new fertilizer, it has been proved to possess nutri tive qualities of a high order, though different from the stimulating properties of the ammo niated guano previously in use. The guano of the Pacific islands consists more largely of the phosphates, which form the basis of all our cereal crops. t To secure further protection to American enterprise in developing these deposits, a bill supplementary to the act of 1856 has passed the Senate, with only five dissenting voices. Its provisions more clearly define the rights of discoverers, extend to agriculturalists pro tection from fraud in their purchase of guano, and repeal the obstruction imposed by the original bill in regard to selling guano for use in foreign countries. This last clause is to enable proprietors of guano islands to take advantage of any market a hich may be opened in Europe. We understand that the matters thus embraced have been carefully considered by the Senate committee to whom the subject was referred, with the design both of encour. aging the guano trade and of promoting / agricultural interests in the United States.— It is presumed the bill will readily pass the House. GLORIOUS DEMOCRATIC VICTORY i At the municipal election, held on Tuesday last, in the City of Albany, N. Y., the Demo crats achieved a most thorough triumph— electing their Mayor by over 500 majority, the Recorder, and the whole City ticket, and seven of the ten Aldermen. When John Brown and his fellow-criminals were executed in Virginia, there was great rejoicing among the Black Republicans of Albany, because he had died (as they alleged) a martyr's death ; but on Tuesday evening there was another kind of rejoicing when it was ascertained that the people, through the ballot-box, had so emphatically rebuked treason to the Union and the Conititation. BALTIMORE POLICE . BILL.--The Maryland Court of Appeals have unanimously sustained the decision of the Superior . Court of .Balti• more, in favor of the constitutionality of. ithe Police' Bill passed by.thelecent of Maryland. • • imeir 'Af an- Court Proceedings The April Term of the Court of Quarter Sessions was held last week—Judges Long and Be - baton on the bench. Twenty-one Grand Jurors answered to their names, and Mr. Lewis .11ainia. of Fulton township, was appointed Foliconat:--,No caries of any very great iluporbunsi • were tried. Beloit will-be found a condensed' abstract — of : thy- mostlmportant of the week's proceedings: Thews of the Coneth. U. John R. Preidanburg, charged with picking the pocket of Mr. David Bonder, at John's Hotel, North Queen street; on the 2d host, was continued until the August Term. •. _ . - Ther Use of ikte Com' t h vs. Samuel Waltham! waisilke wise continued. Henry Geist charged on complaint of his wife with an assault was discharged, the "better half" not appearing to prosecute. Jacob Sherer, hailing from Bainbridge, was charged with committing an assault upon Rachel Shannon, and bound' over in the sum or $lOO-to keep the peace. In default of ball Jamb was committed to prison. Com'th vs. John WeideL. Indicted for theiarceny of.two breast chains, the property of Harney L. Brackbill, of Rapho twp. Verdict gutty. Sentenced to six months in the Comfy Prison.. _ Eliza Stevens plead guilty to stealing a pair of shoes from the Store of Idr. McConamy and two palm from the store of Mr. Wiley, of this city. 'Verdict guilty. The Court having doubts as to the unity of the prisoner remanded her to prison, until her situation could be properly deter, mined_ Afterwards she was sentenced to pay a fine of $1 and undergo four months imprisonment. Com'th vs. Jacob Gable.. The defendant, a youth of about 18 years of age, was indicted for the larceny of a large quantity of tobacco from the 'extensive Tobacco Warehouse of his father on Chesnut street, this city. The evidence proved that the tobacco belonged to Gable Jr Reinhold, whereas the indictment read as having been stolen from John S. Gable. Under these circumstances, the District Attorney did not oak for a conviction, and a verdict of not guilty was taken. The District Attorney then asked that the defendant be held to answer at a fu ture time, which was granted, and the defendant in default of bail was committed fo prison. . Patrick Sullivan, for threatening - an assault on some German woman. was held to bail in the sum of $lOO to keep the puce for three months. William Dorwart plead guilty to the larceny of horse blankets, the property of Jacob L. Kauffman and Mr. Steinman, and was sent to prison for six months. Com'th re. Christian Lochner. Indicted for the larceny of a threobushel bag from Abraham Brubaker. Verdict guilty. Sentenced to six months in the County. Prison. The same defendant was found guilty of stealing a quari. tity of wheat, the property of Mr. Jacob Bear, the well known Distiller, and sentenced to sic . months in the County Prison, to be computed from the expiration of the first imprisonment. Allen Williams, an ugly-looking negro, was charged with the larceny of eleven grain bags, the property of Mr. Kirk Brown, of Fulton twp. Verdict guilty. Sentenced to ten months in the County Prison. John Harris, another darkey, plead guilty to stealing an anvil, and was sentenced to four menthe' imprisonment. Joel Wenger, of West Earl twp., was arraigned for an assault and battery with an attempt to have carnal con nection with Lydia Ann Mnrr, a rather pretty and modest. looking young girl. Verdict guilty. Defendant's counsel moved that the verdict be set aside, on the ground that the jury did not return a sealed verdict. The case will come npin the Argument Court. Conith vs. John Myers. Larceny of a portmonnale, containing a small quantity of gold and silver coin, the property' of Elias K. Bomberger, of Petersburg. Verdict guilty. Sentenced to ten months in the County Prison. Com'th vs. Frederick Eppley. Assault on George Fisher at Rudy's Beer House, in Middle street. Verdict not guilty. Fisher to pay one-third and Eppley two-thirds of the...costs. Com'th vs. Charles Malhorn. Amsault and battery on Jacob M. Hess, at Safe Harbor. Verdict guilty. Sentenced to pay a One of $l5 and costs of prosecution. Com'th vs Jacob Sweigart. Larceny of a wagon, valued at $lO, from Jacob Ream, of Strasburg. Verdict guilty.— Sentenced to 18 months in the County Prison. Mre. Wilkins, a suburban lady of considerable notoriety, preferred a charge for malicious mischief against Calvin Smith. Ihiah Killian and Abram Doebler, three notorious characters of the southern part of the city. The reporter of the Express informs no that Madam Wilkins was one of the most attentive observers of the court proceedings during the week. She appeared twice' each day in a change of apparel and toilet, and when the proceedings became monotonous she employed her time in reading the "Lady's Companion," or literature equally choice. Verdict not guilty, with defendants for costs, Com'tb. vs. Lewis Suter. The 'case is quite familiar to our readers. The facts are briefly these On the 10th day of November, 1858, Lewis Suter gave James Spence $15,50 in payment for produce.. Part of this consisted of two $5 bills on the York County Bank, and the remainder in coin, all of which was counterfeit Suter was arrested and taken before Alderman Frick, where he paid Spence the amount in sound currency. The Alderman secured the bogus money and placed it in the hands of District Attorney Dickey, who conducted the present case on behalf of the Commonwealth. The counterfeit coin reached the hands of 11. S. District Attorney Van Dyke, and Suter was taken to Philadelphia where he stood two trials for patiaing counterfeit coin of the United States, and was acquitted at both trials. On the 19th of August, 1859, he was arraigned before this court for passing two five dollar notes of the York County Bank on James Spence. After a trial of sev eral days, which excited unusual attention, he was con victed of the offence. The counsel, Mr. Amwake, asked for a suspension of sentence with the intention of showing grounds for a new trial. The case came before the argu ment court, and a new trial was granted. At the Novem ber Sessions, 1869, the Grand Jury returned a true bill, and defendant's counsel filed a demurrer in arrest ofjudg ment. This was argued by counsel and overruled by the court, and the case was therefore up for trial lu• due form, the techniCalties of the law having been seemingly exhausted by the ingenuity of counsel. The case was given to the jury on Thursday evening. They remained out until Friday afternoon, and returned to court stating that it was impossible for them to agree upon a verdict, whereupon they were discharged. The jury, we under stand, stood ten for conviction and two for acquittal. The case will be retried at the August Term. The Grand Jury made their customary report on Friday at noon. They broach nothing new, merely making refer ence to having visited the public bnildinga of the county, and concluding with returning their thanks to Capt. Franklin, the District Attorney, for his courtesy and at tention. GRANTING or TAVERN LICENSES.--OR Friday afternoon and Saturday morning applications for tavern licenses were heard. At the opening of the Court, on Friday afternoon, James Black, E.94:4 , presented a memorial, numerously signed by citizens of the city and county, praying the Court to use its discretion and refuse to grant licenses for the sale of liquor by retail. The applications were then heard, and all those applications properly advertised as required by law were granted, with the exception of the following: Earl—John Wichet. City—N. W. Ward—T. U. Bach, William Kuhns; N. E. Ward—lL K. Minnich. tie Britain—lsaac Earns. Martic—Samuel Groff. Provi dence—John,L. Reilly. All these were new houses. Ben jamin Sheaffer and Henry Shitz, of Elizabethtown, were continued over. THE "CONSTITUTIONAL UNION" PARTY.—The State Convention of the "Conatitutional Union" party of Pennsylvania will meet in this city on to-morrow (Wednes day) at 12 o'clock, M. Its, duty will be to nominate candidate for Governor, form an Electoral ticket, and appoint delegates to the National Convention, which meets at Baltimore on the 9th of May. It is said the Convention will be largely attended, nearly every county in the State having appointed delegates. THE PAGE LITERARY SOCIETY.—The Page Literary Society of the State Normal 'School will celebrate Its sth Anniversary, at Millersville, on Friday evening next. Addressee will be delivered and essays read by several of the members. Keffer's Orchestra is ,also engaged, and the exercises will doubtless prove interesting. EDUCATIONAL.—The Lancaster County Edu cational Association will hold its semi-annual meeting on Saturday neat, the 28th inst., in the High School Building, North Prince street. BUSINESS NOTICE.—We direct attention to the advertisement of S. W. Raub, in another column.— Persons desirous of obtaining clothing, both good and cheap, would do well to give him a call, as his stock cannot be surpassed anywhere In the city. BURGLARY AND ARREST.—On the night of the 11th Instant, the house of Mr. Jacob Frailey, in North Prince street, wail entered by means of a false key, and a watch—an heirloom of the family—was taken from the wall of the room in which Mr. T. was sleeping. No trace of the thief was discovered until Wednesday last, when certain auspicious circumstanced pointed towards a young colored man named Lawson, who lives in Water street. Lawson's house was searched and the missing watch found, besides two new pocket-knives, a large number of door and other keys, which were no doubt stolen to be used for burglarious purposes, and several other articles supposed to have been stolen. Lawson was taken before the Mayor, and committed to answer. _ CORNER LOUNGIERS.-4-WO noh6Ei that the police of Buffalo recently made a descent upon a gang of young blackguards who infested the corners of certain streets, and made a practice of Insulting females as they passed. Several of the scamps were sent to the work. house. A similar movement on certain corners in this city would break up a very annoying nuisance. We notice that a gang continues to infest the north-east corner of Centre Square, and one or two other places, crowding up the side walk, and indulging in obscene remarks, which Is very unpleasant for a female to pass. We understand it is the High Constable's duty to attend to this corner, but we never happen to see him abouti— Wednesday's Express. REULISKS .—lt is no more the duty of the High Constable to attend to the north-east corner of Centre Square than either of the other corners. His authority is general, and if he secs a "gang" any where in the city it is his duty to diSperse it. But It is also made the duty of the City Constables to attend to their own wards specially, and -if the north-east corner of the Square is blocked up in the way stated by the Express, psthaps it would be as well for the editor to call the attention of Mr. BAKER . , who Is the Constable of that ward, to the subject. It Is his business quite as much as that of Mr. ?arms. If one is derelict In discharging his duty, the other Is equally so. FORGERY.— On the 31st ult., a Swiss Ger man named Lawrence Spellman, in the employ of Mrs. Elizabeth Sprenger, as bar tender, at her Brewery, on Walnnt street, committed a forgery on his employer, to the amount of $lOO, tender the following circumstances : Law_ rence, it seems, professed to be something of a locksmith, and the look of the desk being out of order, be volun teered to repair it: Re took advantage of this chance to abstract some blank checks of the Inland Insurance and Deposit Company, where Mrs. S. kept her deposits. One of these he filled up for $lOO, forged Mm. Sprenger's name to it, presented it at the counter of the bank, and drew the money, without the genuineness of the signature being suspected. A day or two after he presented another for a like amount, purporting to be signed by henry Frank, but was informed that Mr. Frank did not keep an account there, and consequently he did not get the money. Still, no suspicion was aroused as to either checks being, forged. On the following Monday, Spellman did not make his ap• pearance, and has not been heard of since. The forgery, however, was not detected until the other day, when Mrs • Sprenger's clerk went to the bank to- settle her account' when the deficit was discovered, and the check ascertained to be a forgery. The guilty party is quite a young man, a native of Switzerland. Before , leaving Mrs. S's, he stated his inten tion to return - home, as soon as he could raise money enough, but as he has a married sister, residing in Colum bus, Ohio, it is believed- he has gone in that direction. When he came here, he was in "destitute circumstances, but of late had been sporting a gold watch and jewelry, which leaves the Impression that his employer's till, for sometime previous to the forgery, did not profit by his superintendaace. As the lose of the forgery falls upon the "Inland," we presume they have taken the neeesaary steps towards his arrest, if he can be found. - COMMON PLEAS COUST.—The April Term of the Court of Common Mae commenced yeaterday—Judge Hares presiding. TooTiecaz.•;--This disease can be cured by Dr. Heyser's Toothache Rethedy, prepared by him In Pitts. burgh, Pa., which is put up in bottles, and sold at 25 cents; eatb.. It is an excellent ,medicine, when diluted, for opongy and.tander Mimi, and is worth ten times Its rice to. all who nowt it. Bold here by 0. 4. Holnbah ind .14 Druiguts. - Bn - owcuriri:=- - Tkftt'ilisenne consists in an Inflamed condition of the lining membrane of the bron• chlal tube's, and is generally attended with cough, in creased discharge from the throat and air tubes, blueness of the lips and:Coldniss of noisitremities from want of a proper circulation of Vie bloat One of the beat remedies for its radius! sure liDr. SZCTORD COUGH SYRUP, a tomedylarepszed by' that gentlemen at his wholesale `drug stbre, N 0.140 WOodstisst, Pittsburgh Pa. It is put rip In bottles at 50 rental - Ind Si each, and may be had of Hebsitsh and all;Druggists. DEPINEW ITS POSITION. The'Philadeliihia Evening Journal, which has ably advocated the' formation of the " Constitutional Union Party," having been mistaken as an organ of that party and accused of playing - into the hands of the Democratic party, thus defines its position Oars is the flag of the Union,' and under it we shall fight Sectionalism and Abolition ism, no matter what false and speeious names they may assume;• just as lag as we have strength and life to. strike a blow for the whole country and its Constitution, against the domestic and foreigri foes of both. We will fight them with a Constitutional Union party, if we can ; but, when that fails, we will fight them with the next best party that we can find. Oar opposition to the Black Republicans is absolute and uncompromising. We will make no terms and enter into — no league with it: We are bound, as far as we are able, to. resist and combat it, as -we did four years ago, and as we have done ever since, and if the necessities of the case should leave us no alternative, we will do all that we can, and ask conservative men to do all that they can, in co operation with' the Dem ocratic party, to crash out, utterly, and forever, the most mischievous and infamous faction that ever disturbed the peace and injured the prosperity of the country. And we shall do this, not that we love the Democratic party, but because we dislike and distrust it less than we dislike and distrust those whose only purpose is agitation and whose only idea is the negro.' There is a genuine patriotism in this deter mination rising above party, ai we believe that the Journal expresses the opinion of a large class of conservative citizens who have not hitherto acted with the Democratic party, when it declares "absolute and uncompromis ing" hostility to that most mischievous fac tion, the Republican party. A WEDDING AND A MURDER.-fA wedding and a murder occurred at the residence of Mr. Hugh Devier, near North river, in this county, on Thursda - y night of last week. On Thurs day evening, Mr. William Price Sites and Miss Maria Agnes Devier were married, a large and pleasant company being in attend ance at the celebration of the nuptials. At a late hour in the night, between 11 and 12 o'clock, a party of men from the neighborhood, who had not been invited to the wedding, and who had probably taken offence thereat, stimulated by strong drink, determined to annoy the wedding guests, and the family, by blowing horns, firing guns, ringing bells, and other noisy demonstrations near Mr. Devier's residence: Not wishing to suffer the annoy ance, Captain James H. Devier, son of Hugh Dealer, Mr. John .H. Devier, his brother, and Mr. George C. Patterson, went out to expos tulate with the disturbers of the peace, and to ask them to retire. As the Messrs. Devier and Patterson oame out of the door the noise making party retreated into one of Mr. Blakemore's fields near by ; and supposing they would retire altogether, Mr. James H. Devier and Patterson continued to follow one party, and Mr. John 11. Devier, another, without, however, using any threatening, offensive or menacing language, and, of course, anticipating no harm. They bad followed but a short distance, when one of the party, by the name of Smallwood, stopped suddenly, turned round, and discharged a gun, loaded with buckshot, at Captain Devier, killing him almost instantly. The murderer fled immediately after dis charging his gun, and up to this time, (Thursday morning, not quite a week since the occurrence,) nothing has been heard of him. He dropped his hat and gun in his flight. On Friday morning, a warrant was issued for the arrest of Daniel Haneberger, Addison Haneberger, James Haneberger, Samuel Cook, Samuel Thome, John Cook, Robert Reeves, James Shepherd, and Franklin and Robert Smallwood, all of whom were suspected of having connection with the dreadful affair which has terminated so tragically. All the parties named with the exception of Franklin and Robert Smallwood, were arrested and taken before Justices Dico, Black and Speck, who, after an examination of the case, released Addison and James Haneberger and James Shepherd, and held the others to bail in the sum of $5OO each, to answer before an exam ining court to be held in Harrisonburg on Monday next —Rockingham (Va.) Register, 12th inst. ROBBERY OP THE ADAMS COMPANY'S BOSTON EXPILBSS. AN IRON SAFE TAKEN FROM THE CARS SIXTEEN THOUSAND DOLLARS LOST THE THIEVES ESCAPE WITH THEIR BOOTY [From the N. Y. Post, of Tuesday Evening. J Last night, shortly after the New York and Boston train left New Haven, the agent in charge of the express safes and packages of the Adams Company left the room where he was stationed, and visited the mail room ad— joining, against the understood rules of the Company. • During his absence an iron safe, weighing•about one hundred and sixty pounds, and containing sixteen thousand dollars, was thrown from the car by some parties at present unknown. It is presumed that the theft was accom— plished by persons who have been passing up and down the road for some months watching for the opportunity to abstract the valuables. This opportunity would not have occurred had the agent remained at his post. The express room is built in the fore part of the baggage oar, and has three doors, one upon each side and one leading out upon the forward platform. A passage-way connects with the baggage room in the rear of the car, and between the two is the mail room. The patties, who were undoubtedly an the watch, might have approached the safe from either the front or rear, platform, but it is almost a certainty that it was thrown either from the front or side door. The agent did not discover his loss until the train had reached Forty-second street, in this city. He is, however, sure that he noticed the safe at New Haven. The following is a list of the property con— tained in the safe, as far as is known, furnished' us by Mr. John Hoey : Ten $5OO bills of the Atlantic Bank of Boston. . $3OOO in bills, newly issued, from the Lang 'don Bank of Dover, New Hampshire. A number of notes of various amounts. Three coupons, of $25 each, of the Bank of Commerce, New York. Notes belonging to Rathbone Brothers, and some smaller amounts in money. It is, the opinion of the officers of the Com pany that the safe was buried immediately ; at any rate, the thieves will find hard work to get rid of the notes, if they should dare to bring them forth. The Company have this morning paid the amounts called for in the various receipts, so that their customers do not lose even by delay. The most strenuous efforts will, of course, be made to detect the perpetrators of this bold robbery. ARREST OF COUNTERFEITERS.—The detective Police have arrested and imprisoned at Buffalo N. Y., one Andrews and his associates, whom they caughtin,the act of making a counter. feit of AYER'S CATHARTIC PILLS. Their detection was accomplished at the instance of Messrs. J. C. AYER & CO., of Lowell, Mass., who have shown a commendable energy and promptitude in protecting the public from imposition through spurious imitations of their invaluable medicines. DOLT. AYER'S SARSAPARILLA, CHERRY PECTORAL and PILLS have come to be staple necessities with the community, and the imposition upon the sick of spurious, worthless if not injurious fabrications of them, is in fact the consummation of villainy. We hope the scoundrels will get their due, and in the keep ing they now are, they are pretty sure of it. Police Gazette. A RAILROAD SOLD.—The Williamsport and Elmira railroad was sold in Philadelphia, on Wednesday, by the first mortgage bondholders. The price at which it was knocked down was $lOO,OOO. As, explanatory of, this apparently low price, we may . state that the sale was merely pro forma, in order to carry out the deoree of - the Supreme Coot% the act of the Leglelotprc, and the 'agreement between the various Interests in the coMpany.' ' - • WETTED, FROM UTAH. The following very interesting extracts of a letter from CHARLES E. WENTZ, Esq., to a relative in this oity, will.bei read ; with great pleasure by his friends. Col. STAusseau and party, if.we can judge from this letter, must be enjoying themselves highly among the " Latter; Day Saints." But to the extracts : The site Of this city is on the east aide of Salt Lake Val ley, and lies close to the foot of a sum of the Wahaatch range "of the - Rocky Mountains. The Mountains at this point, after running North and South for many miles, take a sodden turn due Nast for 4 or 5 miles, and then turn at right angles to the South. The city is in part built upon the first bench; up the sides of the Mountain, id the Moun tain elbow, on the south and west slope, and the only limit to its being built still higher will be the height to which the mountain:tream can be led fur irriga tion. The south-west and west and north-west portions of the city are at prevent limited by low, marshy seleratus and . salt bottoms, which have been gradually drying out, as the waters have been turned into irrigating channels which lead them into other directions. The city, following the form of the Mountain against which it is built, lies in this form L. It is laid out in squares or blocks, of ten acres each, and each block divided into 8 lots; each lot containing acres intended for one family. Nine blocks were or ganized as a ward, (of which there are at present 20,) with a Bishor,,two Councillors, nine Teachers, Waster Master,, dm., to regulate and watch over the interests of the ward. The streets lay at right angles, north and south, east and welt; they are rode wide, including a side walk on either side 20 feet wide. Shortly after the city was laid out, an ordinance was passed providing that the houses should be Bet back HI feet off the sidewalk; thus the houses are 172 feet apart (or should be). The blocks are divided into lots, In such a manner that the lots of one block do not face the lots on the opposite block. Tens of thousands of shade trees have been set out along the outer edge of the side walks; but from the "borer" in the Locust and Cotton woods, and various causes, they are not as abundant as contemplated. I have particularly observed that the trees set out on the upper side of a water course live with dial culty and grow stunted. The slope of the city la south west A mountain stream issues from a gorge or canon, whose mouth is in the centre of the north line of the city. This stream supplies a large portion of the city with drink ing water and for irrigation; it is clear and very sweet; early in the morning, during summer, it is icy cold for a considerable distance from where it is first distributed.-- Almost every Street in the city has an irrigating ditch on one or the other aide, and more frequently on both, next the sidewalks. The citizens endeavor to allow no filth to be in these ditches. Considering this city is one thousand miles from a market, great progress has been made in the gardens. There is yearly a very large quantity of Peaches raised, and a few Apples—the finest in the world—some Pears, Apricots, Nectarines, a large quantity of Strawber ries, Currants, 4m. The low lands in the south and west portions have not yet produced the larger fruit, but the Currant is grown abundantly. The land in these low sec tions is liable to frost every month in the year. Almost every variety of useful vegetable is raised. Flowers receive as yet very little attention. Owing to this country being Indian territory, and at any moment liable to an Indian outbreak, the people are obliged, except in the immediate vicinity of the city, to live in walled towns. The greater portion of the citizens of this place have small farms outside the city from one to eight miles away, the produce of which is hauled home in the fall, which at that time gives the city a most singular appearance when looking down upon it from the moun tains. It looks like a city of grain and hay stacks. The houses are mostly built of "Adobe" (onnhurnt brick).— There are, however, quite a number of the "old,log cabins" to be seen, especially in the south and west] One-third of the houses are covered with earth in place of shingles, although of late many fine story and a half and two-story buildings have been built; also tome very, good and orna. mental public buildings. I think in 1854, owing to Indian hostilities ' it was determined to build a wall around the city feet high. This has never been completed; about two-thirds, however, around the N. and N. E. boundaries, has been built. It is a Spanish wall—dry earth pounded down bard. Farther than this I do not think theiwall will ever be built. Brigham Young says he bad this built to give the poor Mormons employment. This is not so, as all had to work (rich and poor) two days in the year upon the wall, or pay for a substitute. There are three canon streams which are used for drink ing and irrigation. The first in importance Is City Creek, which debouches about the centre of the north line of the city; thence distributed through the various avenues in the western half of the city. This is a clear stream; the wrter is sweet, and before leaving the mouth of the canon is icy cold in midsummer; there is generally about four cubic feet of water. This waters about 14 wards; there aro about 8 sluices, built with hoed-gates to distribute the water before it reaches the city; it is then need as a power for turning machinery, drinking and irrigation. There are also a number ot private wells (from 30 to 100 feet deep) from which is obtained a pure and delicious water. In this division we reside. "Red Butte" Canon yields about three cubit, feet of wa ter. It is N. E. from the oast end of the city about two miles. "Emigration Canon" stream, east of the city, yields an average of three cubic feet of water. This with the "Red Butte" irrigates the Eastern and Southern Wards.— The water when leaving the canons is perfectly clear, but having to be led over the bench land, which is the first and more clayey deposit from the mountains, becomes red apd full of sediment before reaching the city; however, by putting it into barrels early in the morning it becomes clear. The waters of all these canons are led by irrigating ditches out of their natural channels, which in many places are entirely filled up in making streets, buildings and gardens. The plan of irrigation Is generally to divide the water in such a manner that each family has the wa ter once or twice each week. The citizens are generally notified about the let of May of; the days and hour they can use the water during summer. The water for drinking and cooking purposes they can lose all the time. A canal was commenced about five years ago. Its head, at "Little Cottonwood Creek," about 12 miles from here, thence running north, along the base of the mountains east of the city, was to empty its water into City Creek.— This canal was first to facilitate the bringing of stone to the city for building purposes, especially the Temple; sec ond for irrigation. At every proper distance along the canal there was to be a sluice, thus regulating in the moat economical manner the water tsr the farming country south of the city. The waters of "Little Cotton Wood Creek," "Big Cotton Wood," Mill Creek," "Big and Little Canon Creek," "Emigration" and "Red Butte Creeks" would be collected into this canal. The farming country south ex tends from the city about eight miles, and from the foot of the second bench to within nue mile of the river Jordan, say three miles wide. This whole section would be watered by the canal. The canal is dug the whole distance, but for cause it is yet useless. The cause is simply this: by a gross oversight of the Engineer the mouth is higher than the bead. In this district there is every variety of soil, from the sterile gravel to the deep rich black bottom land. The lands near the south line of the city for about half a mile were formerly swamp lands, and have more or less eater atus, but are becoming drier every year, as they are being fenced with ditches, and the water turned in other direc tions for irrigation. In some instances where, in 1845, canes grew from 18 to 20 feet high, grass now grows scarcely high enough to mow; and the land is covered with a dense forest of thistle. Along the bottom, on the east side of the Jordan, is also of great Varieti—willow swamps, wet and wire grass lands, (certain indication of saleratus,) salt lands, on which grow nothing but the salt weed, a species of the "iamb's quarter" of the Eastern States, and of which cattle are very fond in winter, particularly when. cut and put up in stacks before frost. This city haa been duly incorporated, and is governed municipally by a Mayor, two branches of Council, Alder men, Ac., who are elected by the people biennially. Pop ulation supposed to be 15,000; 9,000 would be nearer the mark—about 200 Gentiles, the remainder all Mormons.— There is but one church, a Tabernacle, and that governed literally root and branch by President Brigham Young, though nominally by its various boards of officers: Presi dents, (s,) The Twelve. (Apostles,) Quorum of Seventies, Bishops, Elders and Teachers. Each guard the other, working gradually tip to the Head (Brigham) with all the! information they can glean; their great emulation who. can serve him best. This city (as before remarked) haa 20 wards; each ward one Bishop and nine Teachers. The duties of the Teachers are to visit each family in their respective blocks, advising them, finding out, if possible, what they are doing, and see that they live in strict con formity to the church, de.; then they report to the Bishop; he reports to the Quorum of Seventies, and so on, until Brigham has every thing laid before him. If any member is reported for misdemeanor, or having violated the com mands of the church, and persists in doing so, they are then "cut off," and no more fellowship is allowed with their Mormon brothers and sisters—yet they de speak to each other, but not upon church matters. My first visit to the Tabernacle (only one square from our °Moo) was on Sunday, October 9th. It is a, very large building, situated on the corner of 0118 of the Squares, around which runs a high atone wall. In another corner of the block is "Endowment Hall," where they receive the "3d degree" in Mormonism, and enact "Adam and Eve and the Devil in the Garden of Eden." In the centre they have commenced the foundation of the Great Temple. They have not worked at this great building, however, since the 11. S. Army has been here. The Tabernacle is capable of seating 3,000 persons. It has a high arched ceiling, is ex ceedingly simple in style, and well ventilated. The women are separated from the men. [At this point an interesting diagram of the Tabernacle is given, but, of course, we are compelled to omit it.) Every Sabbath they have different preachers. They are selected by Brigham Young from the Presidents, Apostles, Elders and Bishops, and all discourse extemporaneously. 'him day I was very fortunate in hearing President Brigham Young. He seldom preaches more than once during the quarter. He is an exceedingly shrewd Yankee, a splendid extemporaneous speaker, and. a magnificent worker In sophistry. He holds his audience as with an Enchanter's wand. Seldom have I heard an orator that understood his audience so well. He declared that "no one could gain admission into Heaven, and be participator in the gloriee under the last dispensation, without a certificate signed by Joseph Steak. Jr. Not signed by Joseph Smith, but must be Joseph Smith, Jr.; be. careful to see the Jr. attached. No, not even myself can get to. partake of the great glory reserved for the Latter Day Saints, unless by virtue o this certificate." Their music, good old Presbyterian aTd Methodist melodies.— The organ was brought here from Australia r• it is very small, but sweet toned. There.were at least 3,000 persons present, every place seemed tilled. Perfect decorum was observed during the discourse, but before it was more like the pit of a theatre. Some of the men were in red, white and chequered shirts, hate on, and laughing and talking loud—cracking of ground nuts only wanting to mike the scene complete. The women are exceedingly shy of a Gen tile-man ; they turn their heads aside when approaching; as though "'Deere sinful to behold." As in all civilized, communities, the men cluster around the doors while the. congregation is dismissing, and every effort made to stare the ladies out of their natural amiability. The Colonel and our party were invited to the great Bard of the season. My card of invitation I send enclosed, also my number for dancing. Each gentleman (83 in all) bad his number, commencing with Brigham Young, (No. Ac. My number (18) always had me dancing with Brig ham: Ten setts being on the floor at one time gave forty gentlemen a place. So the numbers from 1 to 40 were called to take partners; if not all present then from 40 to 60 were called until all the setts were filled; then for the next Bette they commenced with the numbers uncalled at the last—this prevented confusion on the floor. Furtherpar. Oculars I must reserve for a future letter; of this, however,. rest assured, that we were among the only seven Gentiles' in this large community who were Welted to this great Mormon Ball, and that we bad the pleasure, as well as the extraordinary honor, of dancing with one of Brigham's 62 wives, likewise of holding another (the oelebrated Poetess, Sire. Eliza Snow Young) in a tete a tete for at least one hour, and after that delicious marceau I was just as far off being a Mormon as ever. iiowever I will not anticipate your pleasure in reading my notes by any farther particu lars. TIRED OF BEING WHIPPED. John Minor Botts, of Virginia, has retired from politics in disgust. The Richmond Whig, heretofore his main stay and depend ence, has turned against him because of his Black Republican proclivities, and now abu ses him, scolds him and bangs him, about in an unmerciful manner. Butts is hurt at such behaviour, and has determined to quit politics, for his own and his country's good. Accord ingly, he announces his withdrawal, thtongh his blood tub organ in Baltimore, in a letter, from which what follows is an extract " I shall offend in like manner no more. The imprudencies ' of the party, which have fallen chiefly on my shoulders in this State for the last twenty years, and which have placed me in the position of being foremost in every fight, and hindmost at every feast, I cheerfully and gladly resign to any one of the numerous well qualified persona who may desire to occupy it. Henceforth the hard fighting of the party will have to be done, and the heavy blows of the Democraoy will have to be received, by somebody else. who rrtv relish and enjoy it (if they do not profit tky it more than have done, i I
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