®t)e Cancastei Intelligencer CEO. BANDERSOS, BDITOE. A. BASDERSOS, Associate. LANCASTER, PA., FEBRUARY 22,1859 CIRCULATION. aOOO COPIES I Brascamoa. Buna, i£oo per minm. 49. s. M. Pimmni * Co.’s AiwjiMund Anisoi, US it street, New Tori, and 10 State street, Boston. 8. M. PmrSGILL A Co-, are Agents for. The Lancaster LiteUigawer, and the moat inflnential and largest clrcnla ting Nearspapers in the United States and the Canadaa-- They are an'thoriiod to contract for ns at onr laaclt rates DEMOCRATIC STATE COSVENTION. The Democratic State Convention is called for Wednesday the 16th of Maroh, at 10 o’clock, A. M., at Harrisburg. ■MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDEST. A highly important Message from the Pres ident was submitted to Congress on Friday.— It calls upon Congress to bestow upon the Executive the power to vindicate the Nation al honor and protect the lives and property of our citizens whenever and wherever they may be assailed. The occurrences now taking place in Mexico, Central and South America, sufficiently indicate the necessity for the lodgement of Buch a power in the hands of the President as that recommended by Mr. Buchanan. This is, under the present cir cumstances, certainly a step in the right direction, and will no doubt result in bring ing to a peaceable settlement old grievances, and prevent the occurrence of new ones, by the mere knowledge of such a power being vested in the'President. We hope Congress will act favorably upon the Message. Want of room compels us to defer the pub lication of the Message until next week. CHARACTERISTIC I All the straight-out Republican papers— including the Examiner & Herald of this City are denouncing the admission of Oregon. The reason, we suppose is, because the new State is Democratic, and a free State at that! We can conceive of no other reason for their hostility to the measure. When Kansas forms a new Constitution and applies for admission, we suppose the Repub licans will oppose it too—especially if it comes in, as will in all likelihood be the case, a Democratic State. We shall see. THE SADDLE OJVTHE RIGHT HORSE The Union, of'Wednesday last, insinuates that because, with rare exceptions, the Demo crats have had control of the City Government, they are responsible for the high taxes, &o.— This is partly true, and partly not. It is true that the Democrats have generally had control of the Councils; but it is also true that the Know Nothings had both branches in 1855, as well as the Mayor, and that during that year there was added some forty thousand dollars to the public debt, and their folly and extravagance have been the cause of all the embarrassment under which the City has been laboring for the last three years. As our neighbor may not be aware of that fact, we deemed it best to enlighten him, so that when he repeats his discourse on the subject of extravagance, he may not be under the necessity of making random and unsupport ed charges against the Democratic party. ■ A VOTE TO BE REMEMBERED. It is worth while putting on record the vote of the Pennsylvania Delegation, on the final passago of the Oregon bill. The yeas were— Ahl, Chapman, Dewart, Dimmick, Florence, Giilis, Jones, Kunkel, Landy, Leidv, Mont gomery, Philips, Reilly and White—l 4. The nays were—Covode, Dick, Edie, Grow, Keim, Morris, Purviance, Ritchie, ROBERTS and Stewart —10. ; Dodged— John Hickman. All those in the affirmative are Democrats; with the exception of John’ C. Kunkel, of the Dauphin District, who certainly deserves commendation for his independence in resist ing the bad -example of bis associates. The negative voters are all Republicans. Those Democrats in Berks county, who elected Gen. Keisi upon the plea that he was not enough of a Republican to hurt him, can now see where he stands. John Hickman found it convenient to be absent. This reoord will be useful for future reference. MINISTERS TURNED ACTORS. We live in a fast age, and we have fast Preachers , as well as other fast men, amongst us. Formerly churches were considered the most suitable places for Christian assemblies to congregate to hear the Word of Life dis pensed by the professed Ambassadors of the meek and lowly Saviour. But times have changed, and it is now becoming fashionable for Ministers to officiate on Sunday evenings on the boards of some of our most fashionable Theatres! The first of the class of these fast clergymen, we believe, was nenry Ward Beecher, who performed weekly before admir ing and delighted audiences, from the stage of the Theatre in New York, called, by way of burlesque, the Church of the Puritans! — Other preachers have followed him, and crowds are attracted to these places of amuse ment, because they delight in contrasting the behaviour of the Motors who appear on Satur day nighty with the other actors who appear on the same stage, before the same gaudy scenery, on Sunday night. The Harrisburg Patriot & Union thus ad mirably handles Rev. Mr. Willets, of Philadel phia, who preached in the Walnut Street Theatre of that city, two Sunday evenings ago: Not to be behind New York, Philadelphia ha>< been imitating the pious theatricals. Last Sunday evening, a large and brilliant audience assembled in the Walnut Street Theatre, to hear a celebrated clergyman preach to the Society known as *‘ The Dudley A. Tyng Young Men's Temperance Refuge ” —a name striking ly suggestive of the “Brick Lane Branch of the United Grand Junction Ebenezer Temper ance Association,” which was so summarily broken up by the visit ol the elder Weller.— “The stage was ‘set' with a fashionable drawing room scene—a parlor illuminated by the dazzling chandelier which has so often been received with shouts of sudden delight, looking out upon a dark green avenue of trees,” according to one who describes the scene. The same authority Isays, “ the audience separated soberly ” —a fact which we may attribute to the circumstance that liquors were not sold on the premises. “ This new enterprise, flays the author, “ will doubt less prove, in a certain measure successful.” Probably 'it will prove eminently successful in inducing some, not now in the habit of attending the theatre, to frequent that nur sery of vice, after having been initiated into the mystery of the interior, and gazed with delighted eyes upon the fascinating scenery, including that “ dazzling chandelier,” and the “dark green avenue of trees.” Where we go on Sunday, we may go on Monday.— If tbe taste for effect is to be gratified by preaching from tbe stage of a theatre, sur rounded by the gaudy scenery of the drama ; if the appetite for sensation preaching is to be pampered by resorting to the tricks of mountebanks; if religion is to be made entire ly a thingjof sense, of pomp and display, how do clergymen expect their hearers to learn lessons of humility, and to prevent them fre quenting haunts to which they themselves are leading tbe way ? Appointments by the Governor. —Gen. Henry D.Poster, ofiWestmoreland county,Col. Wm. Hopkins, of Washington county, and Dr.. John Curwin, of Dauphin, to be Managers on the part of the State for the Western Pennsylvania Insane Hospital. James W. Clark, of Lycoming county, to be Grain Measurer, at Philadelphia, in plaoe of James Allison, deoM. „ _ DI T rtxri i*a nvPART 015 CUBA.* CITY AND COUNTT AFFAIRS, ject of hi* u»lug tbf* ftinrl-* of th- institution for tbew oat' dde transaction; thu whenever he did ose them fur any 1 The report of the Committee on roreign purpose, bealwajs deposited collaterals to th&extentofthe , . r . ’ The LANCASTER SAVINGS INSTITUTION — loan; that all the moneys of the institution that be- ever’ Relations, on the great subject of the acqutsi w ihi Co)!1I13 , 10 , Ea3 jwrsnorn,..-Governor .ere io hi,tank «ceunt tion of Cuba, ip a sound, statesman le, an p ACKEa has Laid before the Legislature the “Report of the j tlon of all oranj other person connected with j truly American document. It starts very Commissioners to examine the affairs of the Lancaster It; that his acconnt was sometimes overdrawn as raneb as < properly with the position, that it would be Savings’ Institution ” We have thought proper, it being foonrfaJl^w^his^overdSS^r v * ? , e „ Mt . awn .^s, nn f„ -nlsrirt a matter which interests this whol? community, to publish ; discounted; that the account of Mr. Gable,one of the as much a worn or eupererogaMOU w & the report in foil. Onr thanks are especially doe to Senator '• trustees, was at different times overdrawn,!}/ an under upon the vast importance of this bland to the ssaOTaa for „ Mrl , onh<j i «£3T£ United States, aa it would be to demonstrate REPORT. use several days to advance of making the deposit for , ~ . . _l:„u To SB EtdeUbsct Wiluajc P. Packxb, which, as well as his overdrafts, he offered to pay Interest. an elementary problem ID mathematics, wuiuu Gowemor of On QmmonvtaUh of Ftnnsylvania: but which was declined in consideration ofbis business in • had been received for ages. It was a convio n, Cnmtatatoner. bw!hESe£ tion of this importance that elicited the opin entitled -An Act to HIM the Berner : tnK"^. ■ions, cited .in this report, of Jefferson, l VSSOSStS&tr&Jffil & j Q. Adams Clay, Van Boren ?e.« erett and Marcv. a hese statesmen recognize having prevend, _eworn to perform the dntla ot Burrendered mor lOuJenough to pay any deficit the doctrine of manifest destiny'as to the 2?£2SU?, Mr . . extension of the United States and the fate of IfSJbS “?r"S ><* h ' d -“» “thorit, to Cuba; they all admit that by the law of pollt- , .motion, It would be to Mre them «.d ; “i,„°)°^ r o ? t “elSuStlo n , without the prevumroS. ical gravitation Cuba can only tend towards j £ the North American Union, “ which,” in the , '» ,e treasurer, oh “ rlea Boughter, residing lu Pbiladel- , counted and nnplid „ e „ ncrer laid before the board,or words of John Q. Adams, “by the same law I m this «ret.uge 0,-their jjjMdtaj of nature cannot cast her off from its bosom.” 1 SSffSL" The recognition of this fact, also, impelled ! “bey* SSSS^ another statesman not cited in this report, j o? to J'Sgh? Tb. forcing 1. ft. of the preoriu ret. Daniel Webster, to speak, m 1826, j e^ud^fe prophetically of Cuba as the hinge on which i who were to b *va proofed tile passage of the act a of umb<ailem ß nt if the fundsoMtataMitffion, it the most interesting events might turn ; and j also as a snbjeot so large that even he felt [ e^“^,’a t ™ ,1 f n t r P S n i“i incompetent to disenss it. It is almost need The preald.ua tourer aud .eMior the mMt M iifany light or degree, asa justh less to remark, that Webster’s imperial Intel- SSTA to lect went to the core of the question “The real question is,” so he spoke, ” whether the reperforeu^dutie. pOBSeSSIOfI Of Cuba by a great maratime power which, involved not only the management and affairs of f » m , J ho trustee or director. The (rui- Of Europe would seriously endanger our own with th. .lure tb.tt.mei m immediatc.Beeurity or our essential interests;” and he went on to portray her position m the tanking om* ponsibta ®-r - mouth of the Mississippi ; how it lay athwart an examination of the books of the concern. On the fth laHonli „ to „ d 0 and execn 4 and hare.done and executed, onr coastwise traffic; and how, in the hands £g of a strong maratime power, it would affect us, in a State of hostility, as far up the Mis na ‘ io " °f tb ? ,he m "‘ ‘^?J d oath or affirmation of the president or treasurer, to the Bissippi and Missouri as populatipn extended. In view of a manifest self-preservative duty, and exhibits ar-ompunyi nr I hi, repori, covering about one I our (rovernment, he contended, had rightly proportion <u mu be avowed to all depositor, a„ secu . .. r\ . of this inyestlgßliLU. necessarily protracted ana laDonous, vifu t\f their deposits. NOT excexdlq tqeeb-fourths Taxns said to European powers that this Government the _commissioners received from the officer, of the insu. op f, These special duties, in addition to genial managt could oofas-eot to the transfer of Cuba to mother European State.” The language is < ?J^4“4ttf^rtM^2.d ,, to , SS ! l l S vision over all .be officers and agents,., well a. the affair. peculiar; for Mr. Webßter took the ground that the island was so identified with the special interests of this Union, that, by a principle of international law, sanctioned by the soundest authorities, our government was bound to regard it substantially as a future possession, and hence could not “ assent ” to a change that might prove detrimental to our safety, that might connect Cuba with objects of a dangerous nature; and he further urged, that if our country, by the principle of neces sity and self preservation, had a subsequent right to complain of a transfer of Cuba, it was equally clear that our country had the previous right, also, of protest, and it was its duty to apply the preventive. Thus statesmen representing all parties agree in considering the ultimate destiny of Cuba as fixed, and differ only as to the time, mode and conditions of our obtaining it. Among the points made in this able report is the one in relation to the slave trade. Cuba and Porto Rico are now the only marts for this illegal traffic, and in. them it goes on to day with barbarity as great as when philan thropists began to describe the horrors of the middle passage. Now about thirty thousand slaves are imported into these marts from Africa ; and this infamous traffic is carried on, if not with the approbation, at least with the tacit consent of Spain. Were this power desirous to arrest it, there would be no more difficulty in effectually suppressing it in the two marts of Cuba and Porto Rico than there was in suppressingdt in Brazil. In this C'<n nection the Report makes the sharp but. just remark on the British government, that if it were as intent on enforcing its treaty stipula- tions with ,Spain as it is in denouncing the abuses of our flag, this question would long since have ceased to be a source of irritation. The report presents striking facts relative to the importation of African slaves, bearing on their treatment. Since Laa Casas, to im prove the African, started the slave trade, it is estimated that the whole number transport ed to the new world has been about 8,375, 000 ; and of these the United States, when Colonies and since, received about 375,000. — The slave trade ceased in 1808, and from that time to the present but one case of importa tion is known, tbat of the Wanderer, but the slaves have increased till, they are 4,300,000. this result with what is seen in the West India Colonies. Of these, the British Colonies received about 1,700,000 Africans; but the whole population of these islands, including Jamaica and Trinidad, acquired from the Spaniards, and British Guinea, is now but 1,002,G39 ! The Spanish and other West India Islands received about 3,000,000 of Africans, and this is more than the whole population to-day I Thus, while in the United States the 375,000 have grown to be four millions, there is to-day a less number of African descent in the West India Islands than have been imported from Africa! If these be not startling statistics, it is difficult to Bay what can be called startling. It tells a terrible tale of cruelty to the African in the West Indies. The report closes with a brief but striking exhibition of the wealth and resources of Cuba. Two-thirds of this noble island are susceptible of culture, but not a tenth part of it is cultivated; and yet the exports in 1855 swelled to about thirty-five millions of dollars ; and this, too, when the greedy avar ice that controls the island puts a tax not only on imports but also on exports. This brief statement supplies data from which to form some idea of what vast development would be given to Cuban productiveness, could the present monopoly and despotism be made to give place to free trade with the United States aDd free institutions for Cuba. OREGON STATE OFFICERS All the State officers of Oregon are Demo crats. Their names are: Governor —John Whiteaker. Secretary of State —Lucien Heath. Treasurer —John D. Boon. State Printer —Asahel Bush. These officers wore elected several months ago, and will enter upon their duties immediately, now tbat Congress has admitted the State. Tbe U. S. Senators are Gen. Lane and •Delazon Smith. The Adams Express Robbery—Arrest of One of the Agents on Suspicion. — On the 28th of January last, the Adams Express Company was robbed ol four packages, con taining $40,000 in bills on Suuthern banka, somewhere between Montgomery, Ala., and Atlanta, Ga. A reward of $5,000 was offered. Such a chain of circumstantial evidence was gathered as to warrant the arrest of N. Mar oney, the Express Company's agent at Mont gomery. At an examination, which lasted three days, a chain of evidence was elicited that resulted in the prisoner being held to bail in the sum of $40,000. The theory of the theft is related as follows : —The money packages were delivered by the banks for transmission. When the hour arrived for the messenger to place the treasure in the pouch it was usual for Maroney to assist, and, in doing so, he let the four packages referred to fall on the floor, and after the messenger had departed, secreted them. When the messen ger arrived at Atlanta he discovered the robbery. In May last $4,000 was deposited with Maroney for transmission to a certain place. The package, however, never reached its owner, and the Company were never able to detect the thief. The reward for the recov ery of the money has been increased to |slo,- 00 °- . , J©-The Governor has appointed Thomas S. Kirkbride, Dr. John L. Atlee, of this City, and Jacob B. Eby, as Trustees of tha Stats Jiunatia Asylum at Harrisburg. to take down the testimony of witnesses, am. thereto one of the former clerks of the Institution, familiar with the books, were employed by them to assist us, during our entire session. Without this aid, the investigation alone would have necessarily occupied at least twice the time contemplated by the Legislature We summoned and called before us, as witnesses, all of whom we were in formed, <>r had reason to believe, were in any way material; examined all who appeared, and have no return to believe that there was any evasion of our summons, or attempt to withhold information, color or distort, in giving testimony. The object of the commission— the information of the Legislature in regard to ''the management and affairs of the said institution ; the causes which ted to the failure thereof; by what meant the assets have been diminished since the report of the officers of Ute 16tA of June.. 1855; and the amount of available assetsyet remaining in said institution,” we apprehend has been, attained; and the information desired will be found in the evidence and exhibits here with reported for their examination. A brief synopsis of which is ali we give in this report. Distort. The Lancaster Savings’ Institution went into operation under the provisions of the act of Assembly of the 14th of April, 1835. which was extended by the act of‘2oth March. 1849. By the original act—its charter —It was “required to form a capital of not less than $lO,OOO or uot more than $50,000, in shares of twenty five dollars each.” The books of the institution show that, at its commencement, seveo hundred and sixty shares were subscribed, and five dollars per share paid thereon ; making a cosh capital of $3.800. — In Juue, 1836, another payment of two dollars and fifty cents per share was made, and a like payment in January. 1839, making, hi all, the sum of $7,600; and both the treasurer and book keeper testify that the proper books of the institution fail to show any other nr additional pay ments m cash, upon the capital stock of the company, during its entire existence. The minute hook contilne resolutions authorizing the stockholders to increase their capital stock, sometimes upon tho payment of mstalmen Is in cash, and twice by a division of (he surplus fund. In November, 1848, of $9,144. and in July, 1853, of $14,090; and a I<>o*e paper upon which the distribution of this sur plus, of $14,090 is made, called "tabular statement,” shows a further distribution of one hundred and ninety-nine share* l of stock at the same time; and also credits pay ments in cash, thereon, of about $6,000, makiug an increase, at that time, of about $‘20,000, and filling out tbe capital to $50,000. The ‘•statement BOOK ” being the brief statements laid before the board ot trusteed at their weekly meetings, as the basis of their action in discounting. Ac , has, annexed to the standing item of‘ Capital paid in,” under the dutes respectively, the following entries, viz: May. 1337, capital paid in $ 7.600.00 November, 1637, do 10,160.00 November, 1848, do *0,000.00 July, ISSO d" 30.000 00 July, 1863, do 6u ouo.QO The honks of the institution only showing the division of "surplus to capital stock amounting to the sum of $23,141; it is probable that the balance of the capital. $26,856, was from time to time, as the ••statement book” shows, tho capital stock to have been enlarged, paid iu cash. There was not, however, found by us, legal evidence showing that firt. Upon this capital, whether paid or not, semi annual dividends were regularly declared, amounting. in the aggregate, from 1836 to 1855, 10 the sum of $57,038 60. or over two hundred and twelve per cent, upon the largest amounted capital claimed to have been paid in Ottilia amount. $33,894.60 was paid out in cash to the stockholders, about forty in number. Previous to 1844, tbe institution seems to have done but a limited business. It could hardly have been, at any time, perfectly solvent In utter di«reirard of the charter, which required a capital of at least $lO,OOO, it commenced business with $3 SOU, and in addition to tbe necessary expenses, such as office rent and officers’ salaries, it paid back to the stockholders within one year, a dividend of ten percent., three hundred and eighty dollars. In August. lS43,when Charles Boaghter was elected treasurer, the capital reported was $10,160, though the books only showed aa paid $7,600. The deposits were less than $40,000. And yet, from these small meaus, the books show as haring been paid out, during the years, For expeuses. Losses, Dividends, Making ti total of $22,132.43 more than twice the amonnt of all the capital pretended to have been paid in. In addition to all which, the former treasurer was found, upon a settlement of his account", to be indebted to the institution some $3,000. Mr. Bougbt‘*r may, therefore, be nearly correct, when he says, "the insti tution was bankrupt to the extent of $15,000, when I was elected treasurer." From the concurrent testimony of all persons, it would seem, that under what the trustees, in a resolution of April, 1854, denominated ‘‘the skillful and efficient management of their chief officer, Air. Boughter,” the institution was galvanized into a new and almost supernatural life, be coming. in a few years, the most popular of the kind in the State. The number of the depositors were multiplied to over two thousand, and the amonnt on deposit Increased from $38,000 to over $750,000. Mr. M'Conomy, the book keeper, says, “this large increase of deposits and apparent prosperity oftbe institution, was chiefly owing to the pop ularity and exertions of Mr. Boughter, the treasurer.” His salary was gradually increased from six hundred to two thousand dollars, with the use' of the banking bouse as a residence. It is apparent, however, to us, tbat|tbe credit of the instl tution, if not its popularity, was largely based upon the character of the trustees, who were among the most active and best business men in the community; men of high integrity and known caution and prudence, as well as of considerable pecuniary means. And the books of the institution, from 1843 down to its failure, fail to show any losses from notes discounted by the board of trustees, or other investments of the funds of the institution made by them dr under their direction, except in the case of bank stock, most of which had been purchased before 1843. or sold without their direction or knowledge. Nor did they, except in one instance, discount or purchase notes at a greater interest or discount than one-half per cent, fur thirty days, as provided in their charter. But, so far as wo could learn, they used the funds committed to their keeping in the way of regular discounts, greatly for the benefit of the business community, as well os for the profit and safety and credit of the institution. It is true that they extended loans and discounts to three of the trustees far beyond the amnuut prescribed and limited in their charter; yet it does not appear that any money has. by that means, been lost to the institution. The liabilities of all, except Mr. Kieffer, have been fnlly paid, and those of Mr. Kieffer being amply secured. They seemed to have trusted Implicitly to the treasurer; received the brief weekly statement of aggregates laid before them by him as an absolute verity, not to be questioned or examined.— These enabling them to extend discounts to the public, and make large dividends to the stockholders, they looked” no further, made no examination of the books, sought for no further information or proof as to details or particulars. But, under what seems to have been almost an hallucina tion—the oars and helm in the bands of the treasurer— they sailed on. until in May, 1855, they were aroused from their reverie, and found—what we think, in view of all the circumstances, and in the light of the ordinary results in common life, might have been anticipated—their vessel wrecked —the institution bankrupt! Judge Shaeffer, the president of the institution, says: “Mr. Boughter was the cause of the failure of the institu tion, in the purchase of various streks; by using the money of the institution; also, real estate and building houses " Mr. Boughter, the treasurer, says : ”Tho causes of the fail ure of the institution were the expenses of tho concern, the heavy rates and large amount of interest paid to depos itors, the large amount of dividends paid to stockholders on capital stock that had not been paid in, and also loans made by myself of the institution, to the amount, I believe, of $65,000; which amount I was induced, by outside influ ence, to invest in stocks, such as coal lauds, coal stocks and other stocks. These investments turned out to be a total loss up to this time. I also invested money in real estate, amounting, I think, when I made the assign ment of them to the institution, to about $102,000.” In regard to this, we remark : The expenses of the Insti tution do not 6eem to us to have been very large. If the account kept in the books be correct. They show that during Mr. Boughter’s time, from Augnst. 1843, to June, 1855, they were less than $32,000. If to this be added the rent of the banking house, or interest upon its cost—about $6.000 —the sum will not exceed $3,000 per annum. The deposits of the institution during the same time averaged over $300,000, abnnt three fourths of which paid interest, averaging from three to five p*-r cent As there were few, if any, losses upon money loaned, we should think the interest receiver! would leave a haudsnme profit, even alter paying the expenses and interest upon deposits; hardly sufficient, however, we apprehend, to pay the large dividends declared, which, during Mr. Boughter’s time, averaged over $4,000 per annum. But giving Mr. Boughter the Cull benefit of all these causes, and in addi tion thereto the $16,000 claimed by him as the deficit with which be started In 1543, will still leave the $167,000, diverted by him from.the funds and bosluees of the insti tution in the two last years of its existence- according to his statement, as the immediate and principal cause which led to.and produced its failure. As the facts and circum stances in relation to this unauthorized and illegal use and appropriation of the funds of the institution by Air, Bough ter were furnished by himself, It Is proper that he should have the benefit of the circamstancea offered by him as an excuse or palliation of what he seems a mistake and misfortune, rather than a crime. He alleges, in substance, that he was induced to purchase stocks by others; that some of his first purchases were in partnership or company with Mr 7 Frazer and Mr. Kieffer. two of the trustees of the Institution; that he purchased 6tocks/rom them, and in ODecase they backed out from a purchase of $lO,OOO, made iu company with him, and he had to keep the whole; that he purchased an ore bank, several town lots and other real estate, and built houses thereon in company with Mr. Kieffer; that in this arrange ment some $20,000 passed between them by his giving Mr. K. credits in his bank book and bank account in the insti tution —they showiug him that he was dealing with the money of the institution; that Messrs. Kieffer, Gable and Fraser obtained large sums of moiiey from the Institution . for speculation, upon notes endorsed by him, which were from time to time renewed; that at the time the institu tion failed, and he was put Into Jail, he was their endorser for more than $30,000; that if judgment had been obtained against him for those endorsements, he would not have been able to have paid one dollar out of-property that he considered bis own; that all the trustees were aware that when he was elected treasurer he was poor, and that his salary was barely sufficient for the support of hts family ; that they were aware of his purchase of real estate and building houses, and many of his Investments In stocks; that no member of tke board ever spoke to on the sub- and business of the institution, placed in their care and charge. They were empowered “to elect a president from their own body, and to appoint a treasurer and all other officers, agents and serrants, necessary for the performance , of the proper business of the institution, and in their dis cretion to dismiss them." The treasurer, although an officer of the institution, was directly responsible to the trustees and auder their control. He could not directly or indi rectly. carry on any other business, without their express permission, under the penalty Of $3,000. It was'their duty to take security f>r hi« good behavior.” as well as for ••the faithful and due execution of bis office” His acts in doing the current and lawful business of the institution, were theirs. The stockholders and depositors,as well as the public, looked to them for the faithful, honest and good management of the institution under their control. Their own testimony, and the result, will show how they perform ed these duties. Says Mr. Ligbtner, one of the most active and intelligent among the trustees: “I attended very regularly the weekly meetings of the board. The principal business, at those meetings, was the discounting of negotiable paper. This duty l endeavored to discharge with due caution and intel ligence: I profess to have performed no other duty, in reference to the affairs of the institution, appertaining to the office of trustee. The custody of the funds, their proper application, as directed by the board, and the keepiQg of correct accounts and records, were the duties of the treas urer. Any supervisory power over him, iu those respects, I cannot claim to have exercised. I never made any exami nation of his accounts, nor am 1 aware that such examina tion ever was made by any one. We had evory facility fur examination if we desired it.” Dr. Stubbs, also a trustee, says: “ I never examined the books of the institution, except as they lay open on the desk, with tbeexception of the ' offeriag book/ upon which was noted the paper offered for discount, and which I only saw at the meetings of the board.” * Indeed, the only examination ever made of the books or affairs of the institution, by the trustees, so far as alleged or sworn by the tes'imony, was in 18-13, which revealed the fact that the forme' treasurer was indebted, or had overdrawn his account about $l,OOO. A bond, with good and sufficient surety for SJO,UOO. was taken from Mr. Boughter when h* : entered upon the office ; but never hav ing l»een evea when the charter was extended, the surotits were, of course, released, and ih» $20,000 lost to the institut'-on.. If the generally entertained and expressed opinion be correct, that the unauthorized and illegal use of the funds of this institution by the treasurer was the immediate cause of its failure, does it not place iu bold relief the gross, if not culpable neglect of dutyou the part of the trustees; meu selected for the office because they were, known t>< be prudeut and careful and honeßt in the com mon business of life, and vigilant and pains taking in mat ters of money pertaining to themselves, and thus eutrust ed with the hard earned money of the laborer, the slow gotten wages af the servant girl, the living of the widow and the pittance of the orphan ; while, at the same time, it d I*B not. in the least degree, excuse or palliate the act, or offence orcrime, on the part of the treasurer. We leave if. for others to nay, whether the rigid and faithful perfor- mance of their dxity would not baTe prevented, orthecked or defeated the wrong, and averted tbe disaster. We might here add, not only as a suggestion, bat as our deliberate opinion—not learned, but strengthened and con firmed by this investigation—that the vires inherent in. consequent upon, if not necessarily incident to. oar present banking system, wee tho natural parent of both of the causes we have mentioned, as leading to and producing tho fiilure of tills institution. That the glaring effects and demoralizing influence of the system, as legalized and prac ticed. are such, that if there be any banking institution in our country managed honestly , and at the same time profitably for all concerned, it is because of the incorrupti ble integrity and continued vigilance of the officers; in spite nf. and ant in accordance with, the natural tendencies ot thesystem. To elaborate or argue this, to us. plain ques tion at this day, and especially in this report, would be useless, if not improper. If the proofs which so thickly stud the pant and present history of• banks aud banking, and the destruction of fortunes and characters, which its pages reveal, do not fully sustain it and convince the pub lic, neither will th°y he convinced by any argument of ours, or any number of such failures as wo have here ex amined. BT WHAT MEANS HAVE THE ASSETS BEEN DIMINISHED RISCE THE REPORT OF THE TRUSTEES, JUNE 16, 1855. The report above mentioned, was based upon an estimate and appraisement made on the 13th June, 1855, in which ihe liabilities of-the institution were stated at the sum of $544,633 06 And the assets, so far as they could be valued and appraised, at 395.062 34 The par value of the stocks transferred by Mr. Boughter—the same which he says cost him about $65,000, and not included in the above apprais-d assets —were put down at 202,090 00 This report was part of a system of negotiation going on at that time between the trustees and depositors, looking to a resuscitation of the inftitution#which the trustees proposed upon certain conditions, which, it is alleged, were never complied with on the part of the depositors and the creditors of the institution. The whole of this negoti ation —what was proposed, what was accepted and agreed to. and what was done and consummated—is spread at length npon the testimony in the printed proceedings of the public meetings held at that time. It seems that after the trustees discovered that the institution was in diffi culty, and before they ascertained the extent thereof and concluded to make it public, they continued to receive and pay out deposits as usual, hut carefully keeping the amount received by itself. This amount, fo received, they were of course bound to re pay in full. It seems that, during the negotiation above referred to, in order to pro tect the assets from execution, or from" such of the creditors as declined any and all compromise, an assignment of the property of the institution whs made by the trustees to Messrs. Richards and Henderson. That under this as signment regularly made, tbq.assignees took possession of the assets of the institution, but ; made no inventory or appraisement, and gave no security or bond. They held the assets, they say, os the custodians or agents of the trus tees, continuing the clerks, and doing what business thev did as such, and not in the character of assignees. That when it was supposed that an arrangement between tho ereditors and trustees was about to be consummated, in pursuance of a resolution passed at a meeting of the credl- i tors on the 17th of August, 1855. they re transferred, and handed back to the trustees, all the assets and property they had received from them, and the trustees went on collecting the assets, and paying off and compromising with the creditors until April, 1857. when they made a second assignment to T. L. Roberts. Previous to this sec ond assignment, as appears by the books kept, and by the testimony of Mr. A. E. Roberts—the treasurer of the trustees succeeding Mr. Boughter—there was collected of tho assets,' and paid nut to creditors, tbo sum of $281,666 17 ; of which nearly $lOO,OOO was appropriated to paying off, in full, those who deposited their money after the institution was known to be in a bad condition by the trustees, for the redemption of some collaterals deposited with the Farmers' Bank of Lancaster, and for Interest, Ac. The balance was paid upou compromise with depositors, thereby cancelling liabilities oftbe institution to the amouut of $362,394 34. A full list of the depositors paid, the amount of their claims, and the sum paid to each, will be found in the exhibits annexed to the testimony. It will also appear that the real estato transferred had greatly depreciated In value, os also other property. That various city, and other loans and mortgages, were exchanged at par with the creditors, when (heir cash market value was from five to twenty per cent. b*dow par. By the Inventory and appraise ment filed In court by Mr. Roberts, the assignee, a copy of which will be found among the exhibits, It appears that there was assigned and handed over to hint by the" trustees, assets amountiog to $lOB 878 69; and also in addition thereto the stock aforesaid, costing $65,000. The liabilities of tbe institution appear then to have been, as far as ascertained, $186,254 85. We will here add, that there Is no testimony tt show any mismanagement or want of vigilance in tho trustees, or any of them, since the failure of the institution. Nor does it appear that they took any advantage of their early knowledge of its falling condition, to withdraw their deposits, or paTt with their stock. Nor did those who were so largely indebted to the institution, aTail them selves of the opportunity of purchasing the certificates of deposit at a depreciated rate, and thus pay their indebted ness to the Institution with less than the actual sum dne. THE AMOUNT OP AVAILABLE ASSETS TET REMAINING IN SAID 15- BTITUTIOS AND OTHERWISE. In April, 1857. the trustees made an assignment of all the effects of the institution, then fo their hands, to T. L. Rob erts. The appraisement made under that assignment, as of record, shows the assets appraised to be $108,878,59 In addition to which .ore the stocks. Ac., transfer red bv Mr. Boughter, costing, as he says, about $65,000 00 And at per value, amounting to nearly $200,- 000.00 Tbe assignee, Mi. T. L. Roberts, on the Sd July last, filed an account in the court of common pleas of Lancaster county, charging himself with tbe above amonnt. and also assets come into his hands, of Making the total assets He asks credit for cash paid out. Leaving assets on hand. $26,000 of which is in cash. All of which is respectfully submitted. BENJAMIN PARKE, EDWIN 0. WILSON, GEORGE SANDERSON. Entered on his Duties.— The bond of the new City Treasurer, John W. Jackson, Esq., having been approved by Councils, at a special meeting on Thursday evening, that officer entered upon the discharge of bis duties on Friday last. —The Finance Committee audited the accounts ef Hbnrt C. Wentz, Esq-, tbe late Treasurer, on Thursday, aud found them In every particular correct and satisfactory. Harry made one of the vary best financial agents the city ever had, and he la now receiving from all parties the meed of praise, “well done good and faithful servant.” We are sorry that the fates were against his re-election, bat, to use the's&d expression of an antbor who was noted for hli melancholy sayings, u wUh la life ■ Kay yo* have belter lnsk next time, Harry. 0 j Democratic Oocntt Contention—Dele- address of MR. reigart. 'qatxs Eizctxd.— Thb Dom'vcratir County Convention meets Tho following is tho &ddro&B delivered by E. ’ (Wedoesdsy.) .*t u ocWt, a. m* at Fulton C. Reiqart, Esq., President of the Atheneum, iHall The following are -he delegatee, „ fer a* heard at the Q; ening 0 f tbe Society's rooms : from np to the time o' guiug to press last eveniDg: < City—N W. Ward—David Reese, Col. Johnßaakln,Geo. GENTLEMEN: W. Brown, Henry Blickonsderfor, • Afy colleagues of the Athenaeum Association N. B. W.rd-H™ ' tohn' zlmmerman, Wlllta t ?, oU | bt P™!”* ono of their nam- Lowry, Jacob Zecher, Beni- Llchty, her should offer a few remarks as to the end and John Weidter. object of the Institution, permit me, in their behalf AW. Ward—Jaeob F. ILiutx, James Peoples, to ottbr my congratulations on this auspiaioua in ®b”l“LF - T °W- M«Ung«, aagaratioQ of a new on In the literary hie lory of Philip Fltxpstrick. J SE. Ward—Geo. >J. KUne, William M. Gormly. onr city and county. . John Hensler, Co! Wm. 8. Amweg, It will be unnecessary to say anything to you as William Gumpf. to the privileges, delights, and blessings which an Colombia— lf. Ward—Joseph M. Watts, J. S. McMahon, early and thorough educstion.QOnfeta; which, when Philip Qit, John Slack, Thomas combined with sound rigorous thought, purity of i' a. Ward—Paol Hamilton, F. H. Jibor, James m ° dT ® “d « don > “ tha real enbatratum upon James Schroder. Henry Brunner, ' which our republican institutions can securely rest. George TUle. * Elizabethtown Bor.—James D Shultz. Jacob H.BUtx, Georgy W. Boyer, George H. Bardwell, John A. Gross. Donegal West—Henry Funk, Peter Sheaffer, William Morning. Eden—Robert Montgomery, Henry Q. Breneman, James 0. Ewing, John Graham, William Brown. Sermon to Firemen.—Rev. Mr. Steck do liTered a discourse on the text, “Can any good thing come out of Nazareth 7” to the Fire Department, on Sunday evening last. In St. John’s Lutheran Church, West Orange street Pretty foil delegations from nearly all the compa- nies. and a large number of citizens, were present The sermon was able and practical In composition, and the delivery was earnest, eloquent and impressive It was listened to with unflagging interest by the crowded audi ence. Several pieces of music, appropriate to tbe occasion, were sung in fine style by the Choir. The Fire Department deserve tbe highest praise for their lull attendance and gentlemanly demeanor. We never saw a more orderly or finer-looking body of men together. The Howard Evenings—Mr. Kline’s Lec cubj.—The lecture of George M. Kuirt, Esq., before the Howard Association, on the “ Influence of Represtive Laws, 1 ' was a very able production, and we were glad to notice so fall an atteudaDce of our citizens. The lecturer was of opinion, and he sustained his points with great tact and ingenuity, that laws repressive or prohibitory of moral evils should not be enacted witbout great caution, nor unless sustained by the public sentiment of the community in which they were to be enforced. The discussion, which was very instructing, was partici pated in by ex-Msyor Burrowes, Rev. Mr. Rosen miller, Hon. I. E. Hiester, Maj. Ditmars, 0. J. Dickey, Esq., James Black, Esq., John Wi6e, Esq., and Gen. Steiuraan. —The next lecture of the course will be delivered by Maj. Ditmars. He has chosen for his subject: “ Phrenology not true," We predict a crowded house, and fun and laugh ter enough to make all fat and hearty. The Fair uf tiie Historical, Aoricul TtTRAi. and M ech ivies' I.VBTITOT*.—The committee, ap pointed by tbe “Historical, Agricultural and Mechanics’ Institute." to make arrangements f<>r holding a Historical, Floral and Mechanical Exhibition at Fulton Hall, in June next, have issoed the following He that makes two blades of grass grow where but one grew before, is a benefactor to mankind; and he that con tributes to the excellence of artrgeuius helps to exalt humanity", and becomes a shining light to his co-laborers who are beating tbo track of honorable ambition in tbe attainment of position at the head of tbe column of their various trades. For the development oi these things, and to nurture tht-m in their highest state of usefulness, was established the Lancaster County Historical aud Mechanics’ Institute, and at their meeting in December last it was resolved that an exhibition of Mechaoical, Horticultural and Fine Arts’ products should be given in Whitsuntide week of June, 1859, and at tbe same time it was ordered that the committee having it in charge should issue an address to the citizens of the city and aounty to that effect, which we now briefly essay to do We deem it unnecessary to descant' upon the previous efforts of this nature iu our midst, but we feel assured that at the present time there is abundant talent, genius, hand icraft, taste, refinement and the spirit of honorable compe tition, existing within and around us. to Insure such a display of the various things in these three realms of pro ducts, as shall more than realize the expectations of the most saDgulue worshippers of art-genius. Horticulture, the maiden goddess of Agriculture, finds many able devo tees within our county, aud has already signalized itself in organized progress. Mechanic art, for want of proper stimulus, has uot within the past year meted out Us fair proportions of symmetry, finish, durability and usefulness.. Id ibis we deem it right to say that nothing hut meritori ous specimens will receive the approbation of the Institute —DO indiscriminate giving of diplomas for the commonest made things will be tolerated. There, must he merit ia the article for which its producer is competing, and no depar ture from this liue of duty shall occur ifibe appointment of men of judgment and hunor as Judges can avoid it. We are thus explicit in thin department tiecause we feet as sured that Lancastor can compete with any other place, in tbe manufacture ot such thiugs ns she publishes to the country she can furnish. Thus, our mechanics will arouse their faculties aod bring to the shrine of excellence their best and choicest products In the Fine Arts wy iuclude mainly those things which are wrought by the plastic fingers of our talented women, embracing the whole domaiD of Fine Arts: needle, pencil, distaff, knife and chirography, and last but uot least, bread, cakes aod con diments, and what elso their spirit and genius may invent and construct. To say mor,- on this subject would be superfluous. It is enough for our people to know that tbe Institution under whose auspices this exhibition is to be given, is part and parcel of themselves—being composed of hundreds <d members from every part of our cou ty, and therefore the proper medium through which our local progress should find its conservatory. A circular, setting forth the order of arrangement which is to g vern this exhibition, will be irsnod shortly. Our present duty is only to inform our people when it is to take place. We deem it unneceeisary.to say more —believing that our artizans are imbued with that spirit manifest iu all intelligent beings, which ever seeks an outlet, when tbo right time, the right place and tbe right kind of auspices arc provided f<r its development. J. K. Alexander, j-ecrotary Toothache.— This disease can be cured by Dr. Ketser’s Toothache Remedt, prepared by him in I'ittaburg, Pa, which t 3 put in bottles and sold at 26 cent# each. It 1* an excellent medicine, when diluted, for spongy and tender gums, and is worth ten times its price to all who need it. Sold here by C. A. Heinitsh. The Jefferson* Lyceum.—The members of the Old Jefferson Lyceum met in the Brick School House thin evening. Tho 9. J. Haines in the chair, and discunsrd the following question : ‘* Resolved that woman shou’d be allowed the right to vote and hold office." The affirma tive was argued by P. V. Albright, Joseph L. Spear. Henry Terry and W. D. Carpenter—the negative by H. E. Kluxh and John Albright. After a spirited discussion the ques tion was decided by the President in favor of the negative. The following resolution was adopted for discussion at the next meeting : “ Resolved, That inventioos benefit the laboring classes." Sides were then chosen as follows: On the affirmative—Jno. Brown, P. J. Albright, H. Terry, W. D. Carpeuter, Jqo. Albright, Lieut. H. A. Haines, and N. L. Peck. On the negative—E. 11. Green, 11. 15. Klngh, Jos. L. Spear, P. V. Albright, Geo. A. Klngh, 0. W. Browa, Esq., .and Lient. H. 8. Book. On motion, it wa# resolved that a vote of thanks be given the Ladles, for their attendonce : that the proceedings of tbe evening be forwarded to Lan caster city papers for publication; also, that the meeting adjourn to meot on evening of the 24th inst. Respectfully Yours, H. E. KLUGH, B**c. Pretention Better than a Cure.—Dr. Keyser at hi 6 medicine store, in Pittsburg, prepares a medi cine for coughs and colds, to which he invites the attention of the public. It is called Pectoral Strop, aod will cure all those Incipient cases of lung and bronchial difficult, that lead to. consumption in-its developed form. He does not pretend that it will cure deep Heated ulcers iu tbe lungs, or heal a half destroyed lung; but in tbe beginning of the disease.it wilt allay infiamation, cure tbe cough, aod stay the progress of the disease. One or two spoonsful of Dr Keyser’s Pectoral Syrup has often cured a violent cough of months duration. What has been doDs, can be done again; - so cure your coughs, by taking Dr. Keyser’s Peetoral Syrup, for sale at C. A. Ueinitsh’s Lancaster THE EDITOR’S BOOK TABLE COIN BOOK—We are indebted to T. B. Peterson k Bros., No. 306 Chesnut street, Philadelphia, for a copy of their Complete Coin Book, which contains far simile im' presslons of all tbe various Gold, Silver and other Metallic Coins throughout the World, with their value at the U. S Mint. A copy of this work Ih given gratuitously to all the yearly subscriber# to *‘ Peterson’# Counterfeit Detec tor." PUBLISHING ACTIVITY.—If enterprise may be said to characterize the publishing honses of thin country, it certainly attaches, in a remarkable degree, to tbe business operations of Peterson k Brothers, who, In the unprece. dented period' or less than forty-eight hours, have stereo, typed, printed, bound, and placed ready for Bale at their counter, an entire work of three hundred and fifty pages They received the advance sheets, from England, on Wed. nesday, and the book was for sale on Friday morning. “ The work alluded to, - Father and Daughter,’ is tbe last from the graceful and nervous pen of Mlbh Bremer, and is folly equal to (the best which this talented authoress has given to the public. It abounds in touching scenes, admlr. able for their pathos and fidelity to nature, and a plot admiraly designed, and consistently and naturally devel oped. It is not a sensation book, gotten up for a tempor. ary purpose, but a volume which will have a welcome place in every library for years to come. It has tbe ele ments of successful popularity in an eminent degree, and the extraordinary zeal of the publishers, in bringing it out, is fully warranted by its remarkable intrinsic merits.’* Fomty't Prat. For the Intelligencer. WASHINGTON’S ORDERS. MESSRS. Editors: Mr. DarlingtOD, the Secretary of the Historical Society of this city, was gratified with a fair examination of the ‘‘Original Daily Orders of General Washington at the Siege of Yorktown,’’ now In my pos session, but afterwards thought proper to publish in the. last Examiner k Herald hit ideas of the authenticity of tbe. mannsvript; and as he has arrived at the conrlnsion that the original ‘‘General Orders" and Addresses of Washington were kept by Capt. Olwine. of Chester couoty. and that the same Daily Orders and Addresses to the Allied Army pre vious ta the Battle, tbe Regulations of the Siege, and Gen eral Washington’s congratulations and thanks to the whole Army, and pardoning all tbe prisoners In confinement, are to be found in numerous Historical Publications, I trust he will favor the pnblic with tbe fact of Capt. Olwine’s connection with these original "General Orders," and the pages of history where the same are to be fonod. or else the Secretary of that “learned Association*’ most acknowl edge bis ignorance of these historical facts Tbe Siege of Yorktown and tbe victory of the Allied Army were the most brilliant achievements of the Revolution, and I have never read or heard of aoy particulars of that Siege to equal tbe same interesting Daily Orders and Addresses of General Washington, as this Manuscript Book contains. It is an original and hastily written book, and no-copy or record. Very reap’y, yours, J. f. Rxioart. , $ll2 454 38 1.783.87 $110.670 69 Fire in Clark’s Valley—Three Children Burned to Death.—We learn from the Lykcnstown Journal that on Tuesday night of last week the dwelling of Mr Zimmerman, in Clark’s Valley, Dauphin county, was destroyed by fire and three lives were lost It appears that Mr. Zimmerman was employed somewhere near Pinegrove, his wife and family remain* ing. at home. On Tuesday evening Mrs. Zimmerman and her eldest son (at home on a visit) left the house to spend the evening at a neighbor’s, leaving in bed, at home, three children, of which the eldest was about thir teen years old. On their return, at about 10 o’clock, P. M„ the house was found in flames and nearly consumed, the children of course perishing with it. A few of the bones of the children were recovered and interred ou Fri day. Those of us who hare not partaken of these early privileges can best appreciate the irreparable dis advantages under which we were obliged to labor in the great battle of life. As connected with this institution, let us contem plate the wealth, population and resources of Lan caster county; and without particularizing what we all know and feel, it may safely bo conceded that in all the essential elements of greatness, we are almost an Empire. Is there not, then, great necessity for such an institution ? To this all will respond affirmatively. Acting on this necessity, some public spirited citizens a year or two since founded the Historical, Agricultural aud Mechani cal Association. This, on trial, found to be inadequate to meet the growing wants of the com munity, and more recently it was deemed advisable to found the present institution, which now unites with it the former. Their books are on our shelves, mingled with our own: tbo rights and privileges of individual members are the same, subject only to such rules and regulations as may be deemed proper for the government and benefit of all. In this country we have neither ranks nor classes : and in this institution it will be found that there are no peculiar privileges. The union of the two associa tions is complete for all practical purposes; their end and objects (with very slight difference) are the same. There does not and cannot exist any rivalry between them. Their union will effect *• the greatest good to the greatest number." And hero it may be proper to say, that we invite all other literary associations to join us in effecting our ends and objects in the diffusion of useful knowledge among the people of this city and county. Lancaster county has reason to be proud of her people. She, too, has her annals. They may be few and simple, but they are bright and glorious. We have had our Hand—a general officer of the Revolutionary army, the friend and companion of Washington,—the brave and intrepid soldier of many well fought battle fields. His fame is in scribed on the page of history. The Rosses: —Father and sons. The father, one of the signors of the immortal declaration, Col onel of a regiment raised here and marched to the post of danger in defence of his country. The elder of the sons. (James.) raised a volunteer ritlo com pany in this city in 1775, and marched to Boston, and after the evacuation of that city by the enemy, joined the flying camp expedition at New York.— The younger son, (George,) an ardent Whig, and staunch patriot, for years Vice President of the Supreme Executive Council of Pennsylvania. The Muhlexbergs. —We claim a portion of this distinguished Revolutionary family as our own.— All prominent Whigs of that eventful period; some in the field, others in council; all active oud ener getic in defence of American liberty. The Atlees. —The head of this.family, the'late William Augustus Atlee, before and at tbe time of the Revolutionary War, was a distinguished jurist in this city, holding a judicial position at the very commencement of our difficulties with the mother country. He was active and energetic in resisting encroachment; threw up his commission aud ac cepted a high Judicial position from tho Revolu tionary Government; was an activo member of the committee of safety ; ever a decided Whig, and unflinching advocate of liberty. Col. Atlee, too, who raised a Regiment, in Pequea Valley, and in Chester county, and marched to meetithe enemies of his country, was an excellent officer, and served his country faithfully. The Yeates. —The late Hon. Jasper Yeates, at the cofnmencement of the revolution commanded a company which was raised hero. Was a decided Whig, active in opposing British aggression,—a distinguished Jurist, —aud afterward Judge of tbe Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, which situation bo held for nearly thirty years. His decisions have stood the test of time, and are yet cited as of the highest authority. The Shippers. —Whom we claim as originally from this county, who in revolutionary times were here. Alike distinguished as jurists and as men in all tbe walks of public and private life. The ancestor of this family lived and died in this city, full of years and honors. Some of his descendants yet remain among us. The Grubbs, —too, in that great struggle for human rights, wore among tho foremost, not only to inarch in defence of their injured and insulted country, but they furnished munitions of war and material supplies to tho revolutionary army. Cols. Curtis Grubb and Peter Grubb wero among the earliest defenders of American liberty. In this connexion might be named the Sloughs, Crawford, Cunningham, Graff, Ferree, Dehuff and other leading men of that day. These particulars are brought to notico, not from any desiro to create invidious distinctions, but from honest conviction that our early history is honorable to tho county, and without attempting to detract from others, show that wo may feel just pride in claiming tho men of that day, as well as those of a more modern (late, os our own. These early patriots of our county have gone to their honored graves. If living they would cheer us in our efforts. But many of their descendants are yet with us. They will cherish this infant in stitution, and worthy the honored names they bear, will aid us in giving direction and perma nency to it. And now to speak of men of more modern date. Lancaster county has given birth to the world re nowned Fultox. His fame as inventor of the ap plication of Steam as a Motive Power, will be en during as time. What benefits has he conferred not only on his country, but on the world? We have had our Hopkins, father and son ; Montgomery, Father and son ; our Franklin, Ell maker, Porter, Slaymaker, Jenkins, Norris, Frazer . and others, now no more, all distinguished as jurists. We have had our Colemans, Lane, Mayers, Barrs, Herrs, Neffs, Hubley, Longs, Krug, Hagers, Pattersons, Pedans, Ellmakera, Slaymakera, Gal braith, many others who aided in building up our institutions, developing our resources, and meliora ting our condition. We still have our Cbampneys, Stevens, Parke, Franklin, Burrowes, Fordney, and Judges Long and Hayes, now on tho bench. There may be others of tho older Bar, not now recollected. Lancaster county, too, has given a President to the United States, and although not born in tbe county, still wo claim as our own, as it is the home of his manhood. The same may be said of the Rev. Dr. Bowman, the present Assistant Bishop of tho Protestant Episcopal Church in Pennsylvania. Of the younger portion of the Bar it does not become me to speak. They are not my cotempo raries, many of them having come into tho profes sion since my connection with it ceased. But of that portion of my cotemporaries yet among us, I can speak with the confidence of intimate knowledge that more honorable and high minded gentlemen cannot be found anywhere. Of the older Bar, many of their descendants are yet among us, and those who yet survive with the younger Bar, will no doubt give us thoir counte nance, sympathy aud support. Speaking thus of tbe prominent men of this county, let mo not be misunderstood. Thoro are many excellent aud valuable men in every community, who avoid prominence, yet are always ready and willing to aid.in all laudable enterprises. This institution is intended for the benefit of all, none so bumble as cannot enter hero, and none so great as can assume more than equal privileges with the most humble. Let me then commend it to the protection of all. This institution should, however, be self-sustain ing. Its income from membership should be sufficient to pay correct expenses, and gradually increase tbe library. Other resources than those should be safely invested os an accumulating fund, which after somo timo can be applied to extend and increase its usefulness. It is now the mere nucleus of what it should be, and os we hope at no distant day will be. Much, however, will depend on unity of action, and integrity of purpose. It is known to us all that tbe great majority of the population of this county are of German de scent. Many are descendants of the Palatin ates and Swiss, who emigrated at an early day to avoid civil and religious persecution. Generally cultivators of the soil, and settling in this fertile county, they turned tbeir attention to that object. Honest, laborious, and industrious, they thought but little of education, beyond mere reading and writing, and so they continued for a long space uf time. Many thought and said that education ren dered a man unfit to bo a farmer. This, however, is now exploded doctrine, and they begin to believe that there is intelligence in labor. It is one of the characteristics of the German, and probably too of his descendants, that they are somewhat difficult to move, and not generally im 'pulsive. He moves only when he is convinced, but when he does move, he generally moves jn the right direction. I entertain no doubt that my brethren of German extraction will cherish this enterprise. It is not difficult to forwee that this institution will largely benefit the present rising and succeeding generations, if properly carried out, and I there fore commend it to tbe generous confidence and support of young men. Ladies, too, we‘ hope will avail themselves of these privileges. Before closing, permit me to say a word relativo to my own connection with tho Athenajum. When a young man, and during the period of my novitiate for the profession, and afterwards when in the full tide of professional labor, my venerated preceptor in our frequent intercourse often lamented the want of an institution like tbe present in ourmidst. It was then that the quiet determination was formed, to move in the proper direction at the • proper time, should that time ever come. That time has now arrived, and if it were possible for the sainted dead to participate in the concerns of this illusory life, his spirit would benignantly smile on our efforts. Suffer me, therefore, to disclaim all credit, past, present or prospective, for my efforts in this mat ter. The idea is not mine. It originated with another, and properly belongs to the late Ahos Ellmaker, and to whom the individual who now addresses you is greatly indebted for his suocess in life. JOHN WISE, Chairman. But if this effort, (so far as concerns myself,) were not made in honor of that great and good man, still it would for my part be the mere payment of a deferred debt to the people of the city and county of Lancaster, who sustained me in my pro fessional struggles. Once more permit me to com* mend this institution to your consideration and tup perl THE TARIFF—UR. BIGLER’S RE- NARKS. Mr. Bigler, of Pennsylvania, attempted to bring up a resolution declaring that in the opinion of the Senate, a large publio debt in time of peace, is inconsistant with true policy, and that Congress should proceed without delay, so to adjast the revenue laws as to equalize the revenue and expenditures. Mr. , Mason of Virginia, übjected to the 4 consideration of the resolution, for the reason that the House nf Representatives can only originate measures affecting the revenue. Mr. Bigler replied that be too agreed that it was the prerogative of the U<>u*e of Represen tatives to originate m 'asures for revenue, but this resolution does not undertake to originate revenue, but is merely an expression of opin ion by the Senate. Mr. Clingman, of North Carolina, was in favor of givi'og Mr. Bigler an opportunity to : express his views. Mr. Bigler called for the yeas and nays, when the resolution was taken up—yeas 23, nays 13. Sir. Bigler began by saying that no question save one connected with our form of govern ment, has led to so much controversy in and out of Congress, or given existence to such an abundance of conflictinganddissimilaropinions, as that of the tariff, as well on the theoretic principles involved, as on the praotioal work iog of given details. Nor i< this at all singular, for in its verv nature, ft is to a greater or less extent a subject -if conflicting interests, real or imaginary, between different sections of the country, and between different pursuits and classes nf people within the same section, and having like claims upon the justice and favor of the relations of producers and consumers, operatives mid capitalists to the subject, has naturally excited the utmost vigilance <>n the part -f each of the classes in the maintenance of their rights aod interests. Nor has any measure so uniformly baffled the foresight of public men. No <-ne of the sixteen regular tariff laws adopted since 1789 ha** met ’be ex pectations of its advocates in every pai' icular, nor has there been one which did not, at *-me rime, exhibit freaks that no one ha-1 mneipu ted, and thereby contradicted the nn»*t univer sally accepted theories on the sui'j'vr. In 1836. f -r instance, when the tariff under the c-impromise law was still quit** high, the imports exceede*! any pre*. i u- year, or of anv one -<f fourteen subj-equ. • • \- ars. again in 1856 anotiter sinnln m'tanee ’ was afforded Indeed there never wu* a tariff law. nod probably never will ho > o<* against which plausible, it not well founded .bjeotions may nor be made on s "me p -int or »>ther of its opernti *ns. and n - public man need be repr-niched because he did not foresee what a given tariff w> old d » tic (Mr. Bigier) had no faith in a cure-all school; nor syinpn’hy with extreme profe-on-nist-* ; nor with tie -e that talk tar.ff while they mean party, and whoso aim is to keen the question open; n-"V with those who would teach the people to rely ou the Government instead of their own industry. But he does believe rhat in meeting the consti tutional obligation to provide revenue to defray the expenses of government, we should endea vor to distribute the burdens incident thereto as equally as may be. giving all the incidental protection and aid possible, to such manutac turing and other im.ereMS as encounter vigorous competition from abroad—not bur i dening unequuhy one section of the country to i advance the pr speritv of another | Reasoning front these promises, he I proceeded to show how—holding, as fie always ! has held to the doctrine of n tariff for revenue, | —he should shape a law >-* 'ha' «-nd. He 'would conform it t>" no nrbitr ir\ rule or ! principle, bur would coni->«»-»‘ -t f mixed 1 principles, using bdh the •• and ad j valorem . and in some instance** the better to [.equalize the rates of charge upon Bimilar articles, and at the same time to discriminate against inferior or adulterated goods, he would compound the two modes, apply ing the charge as well upon the quantity as upon its value of the same article ; he would discriminate, in fixing the rates of duty, so as to maintain our great branches of industry in their competition with similar pursuits in f-reign c-unrries, so j far us that can he don*- witln-ut imposing improper burdens upon other classes of the people,—and for the reason, among others, that there is a well balanced reciprocity between all our branches of industry, which act and react upon each other, the prosperity of one being beneficial to all, and vice versa. lie would also discriminate against articles known as luxuries, imposing the lower rate of duties on the necessaries of life. Further, he would be careful that the Government really did receive the amount of duties, how ever imposed, so that the honest proprietor might stand at least equal withthe unscrupulous adventurer. [Mr. Bigler here quoted from a report he made to the Senate of Pennsylvania, to show that twelve years ago he entertained substantially the same views.] The necetsity for a prompt re adjustment of the tariff is apparent. According to the Sec retary of the Treasury’s own estimate the deficit on June 30,1860, including the treasury notes in circulation, will be $27,679,308) and this v without the Pension bill, Oregon debt, French Spoliation and countless ether probable claims, besides the 30 millions to purchase Cuba, and the loss of revenue from the public lands were the Homestead bill to become law. Indeed, be would estimate the probably deficiency thus : miscellaneous items, $12,900,- 000 ; treasury notes $19,754,800 ; add present debt, $45,155,877 ; and foreign intercourse fund, s3o,ooo,ooo—total, $107,810,677. Mr. Bigler then proceeded to show that, at 16 per centum, it would require $350,000,000 of imparts to produce the Secretary’s estimate of $56,000,000 revenue from Customs—which amount exceeds the demand of a wholesale business, inasmuch as the average consumpt of foreign dry goods for 38 years has been $6 69 per head, whereas the Secretary’s estimate implies a consumpt of $llB6, or nearly double- Hence it is only too obvious that the alterna tives are of an increase of the public debt or of the revenue. Mr. Bigler was emphatically in favor of the latter. If the time too short at this session for full revision, give back tbe tariff of 1846; give 4 or 5 per cent, on the rates of the present law. It would require but a few hours to d-t that! As regarded the statement that the President and Secretary of the Treas ury were at issue on the tariff question, he did not so understand. Tbe President would apply the specific principle, equitably, upon consumers, whilst the Secretary would apply a percentage upon each and every comraoaity. Either principle may be so applied as to be protective, and either so as to be only a fair revenue—the effect depending on the applica tion. To his own mind, the use of any principle in measuring the Government charge is right or wrong, as it may effect equally or unequally the value nf the article to the consumer. A tariff for revenue is the Democratic doctrine, but the mode of assessing the duty, whether upon the value or quantity of articles, has never been made an article of the party faith. That faith must always be to •deal justly with all in the use of these principles. ; In pursuing the illustrations, he mentioned that the manufacturers nf iron would be satis- fled with a moderate specific duty—say $6 per ton on pig metal, $l2 on railroad iron, and §l5 on rolled and hammered. These sums do not exceed the average that has been paid under the ad valorem principle for the last eight or ten years ; hence it can make no essential difference to the consumer or to' the Treasury, but is of great importance to the domestic manufacturer, for the specific duty tends effectually to the exclusion of the foreign inferior article, and is consequently a benefit to the consumer as well as to the home producer. The speaker then addressed himself to refute the various fallacious estimates that had been based on the relations of the present tariff to our iron manufacturers. Hi 6 argu ments were too elaborate to convey even an outline in our telegraphic sketch. Their general scope was that ad valorem principles in certain cases worked great wrong to produ cers as well as consumers, but that the ad valorem could be general whilst the specifio could not. He agreed with the President that specific duties are the best means of securing the revenues against fraudulent invoices. He was further of opinion that much could be done in the way of preventing frauds and of saving money to the Treasury under either kind of duties by a change in the machinery of their collection. In this connection our reporter understood Mr. Bigler to say that he approved of the suggestion of Mr. Hugner, of Philadelphia, that the allowance for damages on imports be abolished: as should nlso be the allowance for deficiency in weight and measure—leaving importers to protect them selves by insurance. As evidence of the stupendous frauds under the present system, the French statistics of the exportation to this country, during the past year, exceed those of our importation thence, nearly a hundred million of francs. Further, one of the strongest claims whioh the manufacturers have upon incidental aid I from our revenue system, is found in the
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