(Tlk lan caster f ntrlligenM VOL. LX. INTELLIGENCER. PUBLISHED EVERT TUBS DAT, AT NO. 8 WORTH DUSE STREET, BV GEO. SANDERSON. TERMS Subscription. —Two Dollars per annum, payable iu ad‘ vance. No subscription discontinued uut il all arrear>ti'efi ate paid, unles at the option of the Editor. Advertisements,— 'Advertisements, not exceeding une square, (12 lines,) will be inserted three times for oue dollar, and twenty-five cents for each additional inser tion. Those of a greater length in proportion. Jou Printing —Such as Hand Bills, Posters, Pamphlets, Blanks. Labels, Ac.. Ac., executed with accuracy and at the shortest notice. From the Washington Union of the 15th inst. PRESIDENT’S LETTER TO THE EDIFHROR OF JAPAN. VISIT TO YEDO Reception of the American Consul General. The subjoined narrative of the visit of Townsend Harris, Esq., United States Consul for Japan, to Yedo, and the pres entation of the letter of the President of the United States to the Emperor of Ja pan, will be read with the interest which attaches to everything oonneoted with our relations with the Eastern'World. These letters, written with conversational free dom, and not intended for the public eye, we are gratified to have the opportunity to lay before the readers of the Union. — Whatever may ho thought of some of the peculiarities and incidents of this extraor dinary reoeption of our Consul General as tho representative of the Executive of the Uuitcd Stales, it. ounnot fail to oouvey to the rouder an agreeable impression of the respect and consideration with wliioh, in that remote and isolated Empire, our country and government are regarded. U. S. CONSUt.ATK UeNKRAI,. Sinmdu, .Japan, July !), 1858. My Dear : You aro awaro that, I brought with mo to this oouutry a lettor from tlie President, of tho Unitod States, addressed to the Emperor of Japan. In the mouth of Ootober, 1856, I wrote to the government of Yedo that 1 wished to go to that, ciiy for the purpose of deliver ing the let ter with which 1 had been in trusted. It would not interest you to read an acouunt of the various means used by the Japanese to induce me to deliver the letter at Siiuoda, uor to read an account of the negotiations thereupon, which were spun out for some ten months. At, last, finding that I could not be moved from my original determination, they yielded all the points at issue, and agreed that I should go to Yedo, and deliver the letter, at a publio audience, to the Emperor. This was a decided sueoess, and I drew favora ble omens from the removal of the great barrier which had hitherto prevented a personal communication with the govern ment. More than two months were con sumed by the Japanese in making their preparations for my journey and for my reception at Yedo: I was informed that the Emperor had given orders.that I should receive the same honors as are paid to the princes of the blood, as well on the road as in the towns and villages through which I would pass. I was told that the vice governor of Simoda would attend me, in the character of a courier, and that he would implicitly obey all my instructions. My train numbered some hundred and fifty persons, oomposed of guards (my own) norrimon bearers, cooks, grooms, shoe-bearers, cane-bearers, fan-bearers, and last, though not least, a standard bearer, and a large number of coolies. I had permitted the Japanese to arrange and dress my train according to their ideas of propriety, and what they oonoeived was due to the representative of the President of the United States. My guards, each with two swords in the girdle, and clad in new silk dresses, as they swelled and strutted about, appeared to be “ mightily uplifted in heart,” while they and my bearers and grooms appeared to have “broken out” all over in “spread eagles,” as the back, breast and sleeves of their dresses were sprinkled over with the arms of the United States, which were neatly painted on them. I performed the journey partly on horseback and partly in a norri mon, which is the Japanese name for a palanquin. The Japanese norrimon will compare with the celebrated iron cages of Cardinal B-ilne of Pranoe, in which the poor inmate could neither lie down or stand up. In the norrimon the Japanese kneel and place their feet close together, and then sit on their heels ; if they wish to re pose themselves they lean forward, and rest the chin on their knees, so that the body and limbs form three horizontal folds or piles—a position that they assume and keep without annoyanoe from long prac tice, and from the great flexibility of their joints, but which is almost unattainable by a white man, and is absolutely unendura ble. I had a norrimou made for me seven feet longj and in it 1 put a mattrass and pillows,-■ which made it as comfortable as the IndiaiTpalanquin j but of all the modes of travelling, the camel, the elephant, and the palanquin are the most fatiguing. On the lovely morning of Monday, No vember 23, 1 started for the long-desired £oal of my wishes— Yedo. Four lads, with small bamboo wands, led the way as harbingers, and their voices sounded quite musical as they sang the Japanese words for “ clear the way,” “ clear the way,” “ kneel down,” kneel down.” Next fol lowed a Japanese on horse-back; then came a large lackred tablet, bearing my name and titles in immense Chinese char acters The tablet was supported by two huge transparent lanterns, which bore sim ilar inscriptions. (When I halted, the tablet was placed in front of my quarters, and at night ttie lanterns were lighted and hung up over the'gate of the house.) Next came a stout fellow bearing the “stars and stripes,” with four guards. I followed either on horseback or in my norrimon, and attended by twelve guards. Next came Mr. Heuskin, (interpreter,) and after him I do not recollect how it was arrang ed, except that the vioe governor brought up the rear. . 'For the first three days the route was entangled among the mountains and deep ravines which compose the peninsula of Idsu. The path, (for it could not be called a road) was narrow, and in many places was formed by cutting steps in the Jufa rooks, and sometimes it ran over moun tains 4,000 feet high. On the seoond day I reaohed Ugasima, and as I emerged from the gorges of Mount Amagi I had my first view of “ Fusi Yama,” the “ Matohless Mountain.” The sight was grand beyond description. As viewed from the Temple at Ugasima the mountain appears to be en tirely isolated, and shoots up in a glorious and perfeot cone 10,000 feet high! It waa (covered with snow, and in the bright sun- I On my arrival I was warmly welcomed light it glittered like frosted silver. In by my good friend the Prinee of 'Sinano, its majestic solitude it struck me as being who showed me the various provisions that even more grand and imposing than the had been made for my accommodation and oelebrated Dwhalgiri of the Himmala comfort, and which included chairs, tables, mountains. For the first two nights I was bedsteads, &c., none of which are lodged in temples, which had been fitted used by the Japanese, up for me, with new bath rooms and other The following day the Prince of Tamba appliances to contribute to my comfort.— visited me in great state. He said ho came On the evening of the third day I arrived as a “ special ambassador” from the at Missima, a town on the To-ky-do, or Emperor to congratulate me on my arrival, great East road, and from thence to Yedo and to ask after my health. After reoeiv the road is wide and good. On the great ing those compliments, and making a roads of Japan nice buildings are erected : suitable reply, the Prince pointed to a large for the accommodation of the princes when box which he said was a present to me they travel ; they are called Howjin ; and from his Majesty. I found the box con it was in them I had my quarters for the tained five large trays of bon-bons, remainder of my journey. weighing over one hundred pounds. On my arrival at one of these buildings I subsequently visited the hereditary the vice governor would hasten to oompli- i Prinee of Hotta, chief of the great Council ment me on my arrival, and ask after my ! of State and Minister for Foreign Affairs, health. On one occasion I asked him to ' The visit, was a pleasant one, and the oome into the house, but he shook his head, arrangements for my audience were : and said he dared not do it, as only those i completed. £ gave the Prince a copy of of “exalted rank ” could enter a Howjin ; my intended speech to the Emperor, and yet this man has received some thirty steps | before I left he gave a oopy of the reply iof promotion, wears the imperial arms on I the Emperor would make to me. By this his sleeve, and is the “ Leader of One arrangement, the speeches being both Thousand Stars ” —i. e., the command of translated beforehand, we would be enabled one thousand soldiers. to dispense with the presence of interpre- My first day’s journey on the To-ky-do 1 ters at the audience. On Monday week was over the mountain Hacone, which is j after my arrival I set out for the Palaoe. some 4,500 feet high. After I had passed j My train blazed out in new silk dresses, the crest of the mountain, and had de- ; and my guards wore their breeohes rolled soended about one-tbird of the way, I oame up to the middle of the thigh. You must to a perfect bijou of a rest house. Every- know the wearing of breeohes in Japan is thing was in miniature. The house was a mark of high rank, or, if worn by an new, and nothing oould exceed its neat- inferior, that he is in the servioe of one of ness. A miniature garden adorned the the highest rank ;so that the weariug of the rear; the trees were dwarfed to the breeches here is as muoh coveted as it is smallest possible sizes.' Hero were tiny said to be in certain quarters in Amerioa, temples and grottoes, and bridges so petite and that hore, as well as in Amerioa, the that nothing heavior than a fairy oould articlo is a typo or emblom of power or walk over them. A oanal and fish-pond, uuthority. A now flag, made of Japanese pavod with snow-white pebbles, were filled orape, was oarried bofore mo. This flag with water of orystal olearness; the gold is the first foreign banner that was over and silver fish, however, were of enormous oarried through this gjpat oity, and I mean size, some being quite two feet long, and a to proserve it as a precious relio. The gray-headed old carp appeared to be the distanoe from my residence to tho Palaoe patriaroh of tho finny family. was over two miles. On arriving at the The passage of Mount Haoon was not bridge, over the third moat or ditch, all completed until after nightfall ; but I did my train left their horses find norrimons not regret being belated, as it afforded me j and proceeded on foot. I continued in my the novel sight of my train brilliantly i norrimon, and was carried over three lighted by a large number of huge bamboo moats, and through as many fortified gate torches. As the train twisted and turned ways up to the gate of the Palace itself, among the descents of tho mountain it 1 was received at the entrance by two looked like the tail of an immense fiery j chamberlains, who, having‘knocked head,’ dragon. On reaching the plain I was i conducted me to an apartment, where 1 , met by the authorities of the city of Odo- found a chair for my use. Tea, bon-bons, ! : wara and a whole army of lanterns, of all and other refreshments were then offered ; imaginable sizes and colors, each being to me. A large number of the Princes ; decorated with the arms.of the owner, and came to be presented to me. At length j the whole forming an ensemble that was I was told the Emperor was ready to I lively and pleasing. I passed Sunday, the receive me. I passed through a largo hall 1 29th of November, at Kawasaki. This is in which some 300 to 400 of the high 1 the town that Chaplain Bittinger reached nobles of Japan, all dressed in their oourt j when he made his celebrated dash at Yedo. dresses, were kneeling, and as silent and (See Commodore Perry’s Joqrnal of the as motionless as statues, aud from this hall Japan Expedition.) From my nxst arrival I entered the audience chamber. At this ;in Japan up to the present day I uijye al- moment a chamberlain called out, in a i ways refused to transact, any business or loud voice, ‘ Merrican Ambassador,’ and Ito travel on Sunday. I soon got the Jap? the Prince of Sinano threw himself down j anese to understand my motive, and lam .and crawled along as I walked in. Mr. j sure it has increased their respect for me. /Heusken, my secretary, who carried the j The roads were all repaired and eleaply' President’s letter, halted at the entranoe. 1 swept on the whole of my route befiefe I I advanced up the room, making three passed ; bridges were put in order, and bows as I proceeded, and halted at the many new ones built; all travel on the | head of the two lines of men, who were road was stopped, so that I did not see prostrate on their faces; those on my right those crowds of travellers, priests, nuns, were the five members of the Council of &c., &e., described by Kempfer; the shops State, with the Prince of Bittsu at their in all the towns and villages were closed, head, and those on the left were three (except the cook-shops and tea houses,) brothers of the Emperor, and the inhabitants, clad in their holiday His Majesty was seated on a chair clothes, knelt on mats spread in front of placed on a dais, elevated some three feet their Houses ; not a sound was heard, nor above the floor of the chamber? l He was a gesture indicative of curiosity seen ; all dressed in yellow silk, and wore a black was respectful silence. The people were lackered cap that utterly defies description, ordered to cast down their eyes as I passed, After a short pause 1 made my address to as I was too high even to be looked at; but him, and, after a similar pause, he replied this order was only partially obeyed, for to me in a clear and pleasant voice. When the dear daughters of Eve would have a the Emperor had finished, Mr. Heusken peep regardless of consequences. The brought the President’s letter to me; I authorities of the towns and villages met removed the silk cover, (striped, red and me at their boundaries, and saluted me by white,) opened the box, and displayed tbe kneeling and “knocking head they then writing to Prince of Bittsu,-(who now led the way through their little jurisdic- stood up ;) then, closing the box, I handed tions, and took leave by similar postrations, it to the Prince, who placed it on a lackered To you, who know me so well, I trust I stand prepared for the purpose. Mr. need not say that these ceremonies and Heusken having returned to his place, and slavish observances but ill agreed with my the Prince being again prostrate, the Bimple habits, and that they were utterly Emperor bowed to me, smiling pleasantly repugnant to my sincere republican at the same time. This ended my audienoe; principles. But what could Ido 1 I knew and / backed out of the room, making three that the ultimate success of the real object bows as I retired. of my mission to Yedo did, in fact, very The usual dress of the Japanese nobles much depend on the state and ceremony is of silk, but a court dress is made of a which was observed on my journey, and coarse yellow grass cloth, and for a coronet which would attend my entry into Yedo. they wear a black laokered affair that looks Suoh being my feelings and opinions, I did like a distracted night-cap. I did not see not, on the one hand demand any of these a single gem, jewel, or ornament of any honors, nor, on the other, refuse them kind, on the person of the Emperor, or on when offered to me. those of his courtiers, who .comprised the On Monday, the 30th of November, I great nobility of Japan, made my entry into Yedo. My followers From the audienoe chamber I was taken put on their oamissimos, or dresses of to another room, where I found the five ceremony, decorated with any quantity of great councillors of State, who, having eagles. been presented to me, congratulated me I should not have known when I passed on my audience, and expressed their the line which separates Sinagana from wonder and astonishment at what they Yedo had the spot not been pointed out to called my 1 greatness of heart.’ When I me, as tbe houses form a continuous street asked for ah explanation, they said that for some miles before you reach the actual they were filled with admiration to see me boundary of the city. From the gate by stand ereot, look the awful ‘Tycoon’ in which I entered the city to my quarters the face, speak plainly to him, hear his was about seven miles. The streets of reply-—and all this without any trepidation, Ifedo are divided into sections of 120 yards or any ‘ quivering of tho muscles of the by gates and palisades of strong timber, side.’ I write all this to let you see that This enables the police lo isolate any por- the Japanese Princes understand the use tion of the city, or any line running of court compliments. I was then shown through it, and this prevents the assem- a present of fifteen silken robes from his bling of crowds or mobs. When we Majesty, and was taken to are om where a approaohed a gate it was opened, and as banquet, set out on sixty trays, twelve soon as the rear had passed through it was inches high, was prepared for my single closed. The gates of all the cross streets stomach. There was food enough for one were also kept closed. I could see hundred hungry men ! immense crowds beyond those gates, but You must know that the dinner trays the people on our actual line of march were (like the breeches) are a mark of rank in those only that occupied the buildings on Japan ; and the rank is indicated by the the route. Notwithstanding all this, the height and oapacity of the trays, which number that assembled was prodigious, vary from three to twelve inches in height. The centre of the way was kept clear, and Again, if the trays are lackered, it dirnin the crowd kept back by ropes stretched ishes the honor connected with the actual along each side of the street. The assem- height of the tray, for it indicates that it blage was composed of men, women, and can be used on another occasion ; but if it children, of all ranks and conditions—the be made of unpainted cypress wood the women being the larger number. I esti- honor is oomplete, for it says as plain as mated the two lines of people that extended words can do, “ you are so sublime in along the way, from my the your rank that no one can dare to eat from city to the place provided for my residence, a tray that you have used!” My attention to have been full 300,000. Yet in all was particularly called both to the height this vast concourse I did not hear a word, of the trays and to the flattering faot that, except the constant ory of the Harbingers, ‘by a special edict,’ they were made of Satu ! satu ■ unvarnished wood. You must know that You may think it impossible that silence this same dinner had been the subject of oould have been maintained among so large grave discussion, both in Simoda and in a number of women, but I assure you it Yedo. They were very 'anxious I should wa ® 80 - eat at the Palace. I replied that I would Ihe house prepared for me was situated do so cheerfully, provided a person or per within the fourth oirele of the oastlo, or sons of suitable rank would eat with me • aristooratio portion of the oity, and. large but said that self-respeot would forbid mv enough to accommodate five hundred per- eating at a table where my host or his rep sons, in the Japanese manner. resentative deolined to sit down. When “THAT country is the most prosperous where labor commands the greatest reward.”- LANCASTER CITY, PA., TUESDAY MORNING, JANUARY 25, 1859. I had admired the very neat arrangement of the banquet, I was again asked to sit down. I then said, * Say to his Majesty that I thanked him for his offered enter tainment.’ At last the whole affair was i sent to my quarters, where l distributed it ' among my Simoda followers, j After the exhibition l of the dinner, I was reconducted to the room I first enter ed, and, after I had drunk of the celebra ted < powdered tea.’ I left, being conduc ted to the entrance by the two chamber lains, who knocked head with all the force , that was due to one who had seen ‘ the : King, and yet lived.’ By the way, I for- I got to state that the old formula of an 1 audience, which was ‘ kneel-down.’ c knock head, so that the by-standers can hear your skull craok,’ if it ever did exist at the oourt at Yedo, was not used in my oase. A faint request was made to me at Simoda that I would kneel, but I told them the request was offensive, and must not be re peated. That ended it. I cannot tell you how many thoughts crowded my mind during my audience.— j The great idea, however, was here, and ! now, the barrier of exclusion that has been i rigidly maintained by this singular peo- , pie for more than two oenturies is finally i broken down, and it is my country, my ' glorious oountry, that has achieved this, I and all has been accomplished by moral force. Great and glorious triumph of reason ! In my letter to my good friend, Gen. Wetmore, I shall treat on the matters that oooupied me for the three months of my first visit to Yedo—with descriptions of various matters, as well as an aooount of my illness. As in your letter I do not touoh on the above subjeots, neither in his shall I enter on those whioh form the sub stanoo of this, so that a perusal of both letters will give you an idea of all I wish to oommunioate. My return to Simoda was on a steamer presented to the Japanese by the Dutoh, and my subsequent voyages to and from Yedo were all by water. Ido not know the exaot date of my return *to Simoda.— There is a perfeot blank in my memory for about twenty days. Suffioe it to say that on the 28th of Maroh I was aware that I was as helpless as -a child, and that I was also aware of the serious nature of my illness. In April I again started for Yedo, not withstanding the strong remonstrances of the physicians, and I was so feeble that 1 was actually carried on board the steamer like a child. Happily no ill effects follow ed this imprudent, but absolutely necessary, step of mine. The Emperor manifested the greatest kindness and the most marked solicitude for my perfect restoration to health. He daily sent me some very nice affair that had been prepared in the palace. After about a fortnight of these kind attentions, during which time I was rapidly gaining strength, his Majesty sent the Prince of Tamba to me to urge the use of a certain remedy, which the Prince described If you are curious to know what the nature of the remedy was, you can turn to the second verse of the first chapter of the First Book of Kings, 1 oommonly called the Third Book of Kings.’ In justice to myself, permit me to add that my health has so rapidly improved that I have not used the imperial prescription. The weather during April and May was char ming, and each day I felt its influence. The Japanese pointed out various places of interest, such as temples, gardens, &c., whioh I visited with benefit to my health and relaxation for my mind. The Seeby, or theatres, of Yedo are three in number. They are all in the northeast part of the city, and only a few yards distant from each other. I intended to visit them, but my friend, the Prince of Sinano, earnestly requested me not to do so. He said no Japanese of rank oould go there without being disgraced ; that if an imperial officer should be seen there he would be dismis sed the service. He added, ‘ you now stand as high as any man in Japan ; why, then, should you wish to cast yourself down from the honorable plaoe you occupy V Feeling convinced that his statements were i correct, and not wishing to do anything j that might lessen my influence as the rep- j resentative of my oountry, I did not go.— i The Japanese havo very few amusements ; i the principal ones are wrestling, jugglers, | and top spinners. Nothing analagous to the Rougen of i Java, the Nauch girl of India, the Mme of Egypt, the Siva of Polynesia, or the Figu aante of Paris is to be met here. A grand match of one hundred of the crack wrest lers of Japan was got up for my amuse ment. Turn to Commodore Perry’s work on Japan, page 431, and you will find a very good lithograph of this amusement. The description he gives of it is very cor- i rect, and corresponds with what I saw, j with the exception that he says (page 433) j that some of the wrestlers butted each other, and 1 kept np their brntal oontest : until their foreheads were besmeared with blood,’ &c., &o. I saw nothing of that kind, although over fifty matches were exhibited. The i Japanese assured me that if ‘ butting and bloodshed ’ was seen at Kanagawa it was > the exception and not the rule. The jugglers are very clever. One of them made two butterflies of common thin i paper. He first raised one of them up in : the air by the wind of his fan, made it flut- ! ter about his head, alight on his finger, his : arm, and his face ; he next set the pair in ! motion, and it was really wonderful to see how natural the action was. They chased each other through the air in ciroles some times hor zontal and sometimes vertical ; they hovered over the water that was in a china bowl, and at last alighted on the rim , of the bowl. The top-spinners would pro duce a sensation in New York. For the amusement of your ohildren,: and especially for the amusement’ of the little lady that was so indignant at seeing : my likeness exposed in the open air, I will' describe the performance. The exhibitor having spun a top, placed it on a board, where it revolved with great rapidity and steadiness ; he then took it up and laid it on its side, where it remain ed without motion ; he then talked to the top, and at the top ; and, after making sundry flourishes with his fan, he again placed it upright on the board, and lo ! it spun away as merrily as ever. Another top, when lifted up by the spindle, made a noise exaotly like your locust when held in the hand. A top was declared to be a female, i and having let it spin awhile, he took it up, shook it, and down fell seven distinct tops, i all of whieh whirled merrily af ound. An- j other suddenly ohanged into a lantern, and, I —BUCHANAN, after whirling some time, the lamp in the lantern was spontaneously lighted. A piece of sewing thread about five yards long was held extended by two persons ; the i exhibitor put a top on this thread, and it ; ran from one end to the other, always up ' right, and constantly revolving. The same ■ feat was performed on the edge of a sword; the top ran from the hilt to the point, and back again to the hilt. I will only des one more feat. In the court-yard, where the exhibition took place, a pole some thirty feet high was planted in the ground; from a cross-bar at the top of the pole a small house was suspended, (like your mar tin boxes,) and from the door of the house a piece of twine hung down to the ground; the exhibitor placed a spinning top on the palm of his left hand, and seized the twine with his right; then, tossing the top up in air, he dexterously cast a turn of the twine around the lower spindle, and the top instantly began to ascend the twine, reached the door, which it forced open, entered the house, and then quietly laid down to rest! ! In all this exhibition there was neither triok nor deception ; it was a plain exhibition of skill. Yours, sincerely, TOWNSEND HARRIS. P. S.—The distance from Simoda to Yedo is 130 miles by land; by water it Is only about 80 miles. 1 did not desoribe the cultivation, houses, &0., I saw on the route, for all is an exaot counterpart of Simoda, whioh I have already described to yon. U. S. Consulate General, Simoda, Japan, July 6, 1858, My Dear Friend : I have visited the oity of Yedo twioe, and have passed some six months there. In my letter to my friend, Mr. Dougherty, dated July 3d, I have given an aooount of my journey and of the oeremony that attended my audienoe of the Emperor. The two letters will con tain all I have to say about the events of the last Beven months. After my first re turn from Yedo 1 was attacked by a ner vous fever, whioh afterwards assumed a malignant type, and foi many days my life was in great danger. Thanks be to God ! I recovered, and am now in my usual health. The Emperor and ihe Council of State manifested the greatest anxiety during my illness, and showed a marked solicitude for my recovery. His Majesty daily sent me kind messages, with presents of fruit, arrow root, &c., &o. ; he also sent down two of his best physioians from Yedo to at tend me. The doctors sent a daily report of my condition to the court, and on the receipt there of a bulletin to the effect that I could not recover, the Emperor is sued an order to them to cure me, and they were at the same time informed that the safety of their heads depended on my re covery. I cannot sufficiently thank those doctors for their unwearied attentions to me. Night and day one of them was al ways at my bed-side, and they showed all the gentleness and tenderness of a woman in their treatment of me. Shortly after my audience, I had an in terview with the Prince of Bitsu, Minister for Foreign Affairs, and the members of the Great Council of State, when I made an important communication to them, which cannot be repeated here. The interview lasted several hours, and was of great in terest. A marked impression was evi dently made, and I had only to follow it up to give a hope of ultimate success.— After this, I was constantly occupied in giving instructions to the Japanese on in ternational law, on political economy, and explaining the operations of commerce. — I found them to be profoundly ignorant of the policy of the western world. My labor was loDg, tedious and difficult. As the ideas I gave them were new, they had no terms in their language to express them ; I had, therefore, to illustrate the meaning of many axioms by such illusions to famil iar topics as would best convey the ideas. The axiom, that “demand and supply regu late, each other,” took some days to be un derstood by them, for it brought up the whole principle of entire freedom of action among the producing classes of the coun try. Now, nothing could possibly be more directly to Japanese ideas and customs than this very freedom of action. The government interferes in everything, even in affairs so trifling as to throw an air of ridioule over the whole matter. I labored •incessantly to show them that the absence of protection, or the interference, on the part of a government was the surest mode of encouraging and developing the indus try of a country; I quoted Adam Smith, and all the maxims I could remember and for examples of the soundness of my views I pointed to the condition of the va rious States of the western world, and showed them that the relative prosperity of those States was in the exact ratio of the freedom of action whioh was enjoyed by the people. It is impossible to give you an idea of the mental anxiety I suffered for months. I was without any adviser or assistant. I had no well-stored library to which I could resort, nor anything to rely on but my own unaided memory. It cost me many days of care and nights of wakefulness.— At length, I began to Bee that my argu ments were about to bear fruit ; this stim ulated me to make new exertions, and, at last, I made converts of the Emperor, (to whom all my arguments were reported,) of all the members of the Great Council of State, and many of the Princes. This was followed by the appointment of my old friend, the Prince of Sinano, and the Prince of Hugo, as commissioners to nego tiate with me. At our first meeting we exchanged our powers, and I found theirs to be as full as words oould make them; but, before my second interview with them was over, I was convinced that they were, in fact, only intermediaries, and that I was, in reality, negotiating with the whole Council of State. I cannot give you a detail of the nego tiations, for that would be to divulge the treaty. When we came to the artioles regulating trade, I had to give them a History of Revenue Laws, and to enter into very minute details of custom-house regulations, and the manner in which they were executed. My labor was enhanoed by the faot that the arguing of any given point, and getting them to agree to its de cision was far from terminating the ques tion ; for after a matter had -been deliber ately settled, they would at a subsequent meeting, open it anew, and prooeed to ar gue it as gravely as though it had never been referred to, and there was not one of the artioles but that was re-argued, at least, three times, and some of them as many as ten times. In these negotiations I found the benefit of my previous commercial ed ucation, and also of the course I had adopted for my intercourse with the Japan ese from my first arrival in the country, which was to be particularly careful to bo perfectly exact in every statement I made to them, and to be cautious how I took my* position ; but, when it was once taken, never to recede from it. As the negotia tions proceeded, (annoying and embarrass ing as they were in many respects,) I was cheered by seeing that my labors would ultimately be * orowned with a suocess far beyond my most sanguine expectations. At length a treaty was agreed on, and or dered to be engrossed. You are well aware that I am not permitted to divulge the details of the treaty until it has been laid before the President and received his approval; still I cannot deny myself the pleasure of com municating one of its provisions to you. All Americans in Japan are to enjoy the of their religion, aud they , have the right to build churches. The practice of trampling on the Crucifix is abolished. When you remember that two hundred and twenty-five years ago Chris tianity was extinguished in Japan, in the blood of a quarter of a million of Japanese converts, and when you call to mind the blasphemous proclamation of the then Emperor of Japan, in which he said, ‘lf the God of the Christians himself oomes to Japan, I wil put him to death ! ’ you will be ready to admit that this result is as gratifying as it is surprising. lam proud and happy that this has been achieved by our country. It will be a good answer to the sneer of Burke, which has often been applied to our oountrymen. * Your God is gold; your Bible is a ledger.’ The pleasure 1 feel in having made the treaty is enhanoed by the reflection that there has been no show of ooerciou, nor was menaoe in the least used by mo to obtain it. There was no American man-of-war within one thousand miles of me for months before and after the negotiations. I told the Japanese at the outsot that my mission was a friendly one; that I was not authorized to use any threats ; that all I wished was that they would listen to the truths that 1 would lay before them. It was not until my second visit to Yedo that I made an excursion in or around the city. I visited many temples, gardens, &c. The temples have nothing that arrests the attention in their structure or in their interiors, being in this respect less costly and ornamental than the Chinese temples. They are usually placed in fine, open grounds, and surrounded by noble trees. The grounds are neatly kept, and are adorned with "flowering shrubs and trees, among which the plum and cherry tree are to be remarked; they produce enormous blossoms, but alas! like many showy men, they produce no fruit; rhododendrons, of great beauty, and of the following colors, viz : pink, scarlet, crimson, blue, yellow, violet, and white. The dwarfing of trees and distorting them into queer shapes is much practised; and they cut the foliage into rounded forms like dishes. 1 saw a number of cedars whose trunks and branches might be taken as representing the bronze of a vast epergne, while the foliage looked like emerald dishes. The house of the Japanese are of wood, and never more than two Btories high : they are covered with thatch or tiles ; the front and ends are closed by wooden window sashes, covered with paper, which gives a pleasant light in the interior, and wooden shutters enclose the windows at night.— The interior is divided into rooms by means of sliding partitions, made of wooden frames, covered with paper. These parti tions can be removed in a few moments and the whole house thrown into one room. The floors are covered with straw mats, some two inches thick ; they are soft and fine, and are kept exquisitely clean.— Neither chair, table, couch, nor bedstead, nor any ornamental article, is to be seen. The mat serves as a chair and table by day, and as a bed at night. This descrip tion of a house will apply to all, from the Palace of the Emperor to the cottage of the peasant. In winter they are warmed by charcoal tyasiers. There is not a chimney nor a pane of glass to be found in the whole empire. The gilded columns supporting the fret ted ceilings, and golden roofs of stately palaces, described by the old writers on Japan, are not to found, and I am assured by the Japanese that they never had any existence out of the c Traveller’s Tales,’ which relate such marvels about Japan. The Japanese are eminently genial in their dispositions, and there is a cordiality in their refined politeness that convinces one of their sincerity. They are frugal in everything, and utilitarian up to the standard of good and wise old Jeremy BeD tham. Food is abundant and cheap.— The beggars of Japan are mostly a reli gious class, and all are as fat as seals.— Not one Japanese in fifty ever tastes of any animal food except fish. "Sugar is the only luxury, and yet I buy it here in Sim oda cheaper than you can in New York.— They are the best fed, clad, and lodged, and the least overworked, of any people on earth. God grant that future generations may not have cause to regret the hour I arrived in Japan ! The usual dress of the Japanese of rank is of silk ; but on the occasion of my audience the nobles wore dresses made of a coarse yellow grass cloth. This, as they say, is to remind them of the poverty and frugality of their ancestors. — I have never seen a diamond, pearl, or ornament of gold or silver, worn by any person in Japan. As you take an interest in the ‘ fair sex,’ you will expect some description of the beau ties of Japan. The women of condition never make visits, (except the mother to a married daughter;) have no assemblages of their 1 dear five hundred friendsnor do they assemble at the tea table, to hold high courts .of cen sure on the manners and moralsof their friends. They go out once or twice in a year to visit some celebrated temple, but their ordinary devotions are paid at a shrine within their houses, or at a pretty Mia erected within the enclosures of their grounds. The females of the laboring olasses perform some portion of out door labor; but they are not overworked, as in China and other parts of Asia. Polyg amy obtains—i. e., a man may have any number of ‘ second wives.’ When a female is selected as a first wife, she prepares for her ‘ change of condition ’ by smearing her teeth with a horrid mixture which not only black ens them forever, but also destroys ai portion of the gums, and the lips sometimes, remain permanently swollen. She next shaves her eyebrows and exterminates her eyelashes, arid changes the fashion of her hair. She has now only to bring the knot of her girdle round to the front, and all the world knows that she. is a first wife, the commander in-chief of all the ‘ second wives,''and theundisputable proprietress, of all : th'e ' "children''' bdrtr in the house. This last privilege reminds one of a similar right exercised by the wires of the respectable Abraham,, (Rachel and Leah.) The of these absurd aetidns-Consequently they are by far the best-looking in the eyes of the To jin or foreigners. A lady in fall dress—i. e., made up for misohief—is worth describing. Her face is thickly covered with rice fiour, on which rouge—real rouge—is prettily placed, while her Tips are brought to that just violet tinge that drives the Japanese lover oven' to making poetry; her robes are numerous and clumsy, and her girdle ib so vast in its ampli? tude, that it would make a robe for any ordinary woman ; her head is bristling with metal ornaments that look like the grand fathers of ah the turning forks; her really pretty feet are proteoted by neat straw sandals; when she walks she minces her steps as though her legs were tied together at the knees. Did I ever tell you of the description ayoung Malay Tumangong, of Sumatra, once gave me ot a young girl with whom he was in love? No. Then, you shall have it now: ‘Tuan/ said he, ‘Tuan, she is high bosomed and moon faced ; she has a mole on her cheek like a spot of ambergris; her lips are like the new cut shell of the magosteen ; hor teeth are whiter-than theohamhakaflower ;ber breath makes the clove tree die with envy ; her hair is blacker than the night of Separation to the distracted lover ; her form is like a branch’’pf willow, and as she walks her hips move froth side to side 1' Yedo covers more ground than London, and its population is about two * millions. The Japanese say that no oensus is ever taken in Japan; that returns are made of the numbers of oertain classes; but as the nobles, peasants, mechanics, and women and ohilaren are omitted from these returns, they do not serve even as a basis for estimates of population.— The .Japanese gave mo a map of the city; but as it is constructed without reference to a scale, it is of little valuo; even the oompass bearings of different points in the oity are incorrect. The streets' generally are of good width and are well sewered, but they are all unpavod. No carriages are seen, a few hand carts are used to transport heavy articles; canals intersect thd oity m various directions. The chief feature of Yedo is the “Castle/' as it is called. This consists of four irregular circles, or rather polygons, all surrounded with moats or ditebos; the three inner oiroles have stone walls, or a bank of earth faced with stone, and varying in height from twelve to thirty feet, according to the nature of the ground on whioh they are built. The gate ways through the walls open into quad rangles of fifty to sixty feet; the gate of egress being placed at right angles with the entrance gate. As a means of defence, the castle iB unworthy of its name, except against assailants armed with bows and arrows. The moats are fordable, and are some eighty to one hundred and fifty feet wide, spanned by neat wooden bridges. The inner polygon is occupied exclusively by the emperor and his sons and families ; the second by the Counoil of State and princes; the third and fourth polygons by the Dimius, titular princes, and high officers of the government. I will close this unreasonabiylong letter by showing you how cheaply a man may procure a reputation as a savan* in this country. Talking udo day with the Prince of Tamba about dogs, I stated that I had always observed that where a dog had any white about his body the terminal hairs in his tail would also be white. The Prince opened his eyes at this, and when he went home ordered an examination of the dogs iii his premises, which were found to be mark ed as I had stated. Interested by this he ordered his servants to scour the neighboring streets and temple grounds, and bring up all their pariah inhabitants; these also stood the test. Amazed at this, he repeated my state ment and his experience at the Castle, where some 400 to 500 of the high nobles were assembled daily. Universal interest was excited, and there ensued such a dog hunt as Yedo never saw before. Dogs of. every kind were scrutinized from the high priced pug, called in their vernacular jin, down to the mangy vagabond that skulked about and shirked his living. Still my tale about dogs' tails stood the test. At last letters were written to Kioto osaca and other large towns ordering a general canine examination. When the reports arrived my glory and repu tation reached the culminating point, and I was looked upon by the Japanese as you westerns look on Buffon, Cuvier, & Co. Ever yours, sincerely. TOWNSEND HARRIS. At last two steam frigates have arrived here. I have only a letter from you dated in Janu ary, 1857. Have you not written since then ? I have no time to add more, except to say that I am very happy, and that I shall be able to send another letter to you'about the 10th of next September. CARDS. WT. UcPHAIL, . ATTORNEY AT* LAW, mar 31 ly 11 Steasbubg, Lancaster Co., Pa. Newton lightneh, attorney; AT LAW, has his Office In North Duke street, nearly opposite the Court House. Lancaster, apr 1 tfll REMOVAL— WILLIAM B. FORDNEY, Attorney at Law, has removed his office from North Queen street to the building in the south-east corner of Centre Square, formerly known as Hubley’s Hotel. Lancaster, april 10 DR. JOHN M’C ALL A, DENTIST.—Office No. 4 East Sing street, Lancaster, Pa. apr!Btfl3 • ALDUS J. NEFF, Attorney at Law.** Office with B. A Shaffer, Esq., south-west corner of Centre Square, Lancaster. may 16, ’65 ly 17 Edward m’govern, ATTORNEY AT LAW,. No. 6 Noam Dose street—\ear the Coubt House, LANCASTER, PA. WILLIAM WHITESIDE, SURGEON DENTIST.—Office in North Queen street, directly over Long's Drug Store. Lancaster, may 27, 1856, Removal— dr. j. t. baker, hoju (EPATHIC PHYSICIAN, bos removed his office to Lime street, between Orange and East King streets, west side. Reference-^—Professor W. A. Gardner, Philadelphia. Calls fiom the conntry will be promptly attended to. apr 6 - tfl2 SAMUEL H. REYNOLDS, Attorney at Law. Office, No. 14 North Duke street, opposite the Coart House. may 6 tf 16 JESSE LANDIS, Attorney at Law.—Of fice one door east of Lechler 1 * Hotel, East King street, Lancaster, Pa. tfg. All kinds of Scrivenlng—such as writing Wills, Deeds, Mortgages, Accounts, Ac., will be attended to with correctness and despatch. may 16, ’65 tf-17. < SIMON P. EBY, ATTORNEY AT LAW, OFFICE:—No. 38 North Duke tired, may 11 ly 17] Lahoastxb, Pxbjta. Frederick s. pyfer, ATTORNEY AT LAlf . Omcz.—No. 11 Noeth Dtrzx state*, wxst sidi, Lur casteb, Pa. apr 20 tf 14 REMOVAL— WILLIAM S. AMWEG, Attorney at Law, has removed his office from hit former place into South Duke street, nearly opposite the Trinity Lutheran Church. apr 8 tf 12 JAfflBS BLACK, Attorney at Law^Of ficeiu East King street, two .doors east ofLechler'a Hotel, Lancaster, Pa. 49" All business connected with bis profession, and all kinds of writing, such aspreparing Deeds, Mortgages, Wills, Stating Accounts, Ac., promptly attended to.' may 15. ***? JOHN F. BRINTON, „ ATTOENBI AT LAW, PHILADELPHIA* P*- 3&s removed hlSofflee to his residence, Bonth Oth Street, shove Spruce. _ ' _ • • Refers by permission to Hon. H. G. WHO, ' « a.l:Hatw, ; “ Pca&BX BBZRTOa, « TsAMitrs Stivifs. dot 24 ly* 45 PETER D. MTERB, ‘ BBAL BBIASB A«BNT, >v/f <, W ;T smr.inzi.ratA. * ran.ni<»utimM . wIU it Mud to the Banting of Homes, OoUaottqciHgaM and Gronnd Bents, it. Agendas entrarted to pfe car. will be thankfully received, and oarefnlly atMndedtow BeUafsetoty reference given.. Offl» : Jf..B r oorn«„rt SEVENTH end BANSOMetreeta,'S«dnd Floor, Ro.l(r. ' -feblT ■ : s'ioiiiWi'r: NO 2.
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