VQL. LYII. GOVERNOR’S MESSAGE To the Honorable the Senators and Members of the House of Representatives, of the Gen- eral Assembly :— Fellow-Citizens :—ln obedience to the Con stitution and laws of this Commonwealth, you hare assembled to discharge the impor tant , and responsible duties that devolve upon you.* To protect the rights and privi leges of the people, advance their interests, promote the welfare and prosperiy of the State, should be the aim and end of all your legislation. In the discharge of. my duties, it will be a pleasure to co-operate with you in the accomplishment of these objects. " . The past year has been one of unusual prosperity. The bounties of a kind Provid ence have not been withheld from our Com monwealth. A plenteous harvest<has reward ed the labor of the husbandman. ‘ Honorable industry, in all its departments,, has been encouraged. No financial embarrassments— no commercial distress—no political or social evils, have interrupted the progress, or check ed the energies of the people. The great in terests of education, morality and religion, havejbeen cherished and sustained. Health and peace, with their attendant blessings, have 1 been ours. To Him “who rules the Nations by his power, and from whom cometh down’ every good and perfect gift,” are we indebted for these mercies, and to Him should be given the homage of our devout gratitude .and praise. The financial condition of the Common wealth is highly satisfactory. Every demand upon the Treasury has been promptly met and "paid, without the aid of lobns. The operations of this department will be exhibit ed in detail in the report of the State Trea surer. . f • ! For the fiscal year ending November 30, 1856, the receipts at the Treasury (including the balance in the Treasury on ttie first day of December, 1855, of $1,243,69,7 33) have -been $6,621,937 64. The total expenditures for the same period, were $5,377,142 22. Balance in the Treasury, December 1, 1856, $1,244,795, 42. Excluding the balance in the treasury on the first of December, 1855, the receipts, from all sources, were $5,378,240 33. The ordinary expenditures for the same period, were $4,- 113,144 77, showing an excess; of receipts over ordinary expenditures of $1,265,095 56. The extraordinary payments for the same year, were $1,263)997 45, follows, viz : To. the completion of the Portage railroad, and for the payment of debts previously con tracted on that work, $181,494' 11; to the. North Branch extension, $122,723 52 ; to re lay the soath track of the Columbia railroad $367,000 00; for motive power iu ; 1855, $llB,- 040, 42; to enlarge the Delaware division of the Pennsylvania canal, $13,960 00; for general repairs in 1853-’54-’55, $63,965 11; to domestic creditors, $l5l 63 ; tin old claims on the main line, examined\by the commis sioners, and paid under the Act of May 22, 1856, $130,512 09; to the redemption of loans, $327,824 47 ; and relief notes cancel led, $38,217 00. > The interest on the fuudeci debt which fell due in February and August last, was then' paid, and that which becomes due in Febru ary next, will be paid with equal promptness, out of available means now in the Treasury. The punctuality with which the; interest on the public debt has been paidyaud the abili ty of the Treasury to meet all legitimate de mands upon it, have inspired public confi dence in o.ur securities, and contributed largely to establish and sustain the credit of the Commonwealth. . ■ The Commissioners of the Sinking Fund report the sum of $722,432 93 as due by .the Treasury to that fund. This amount will be applied to the redemption of relief noteß now in circulation, and to the payment of the funded debt. Heretofore the available means in the Treasury have been applied, to some extent, in payment of outstanding tempora ry loans, which bear an annual interest of six per centum ; it being deemed advisable as a matter of economy to pay these loans, rather than the funded debt, which bears a much less rate of interest. It is expected that the ; balance of the temporary loans will be paid ’before the close of the current year, and the operation of the sinking fund resumed and continued as directed by law. The funded and unfunded debt of the State, including temporary loans j on the Ist day of December, 1855, as per reports of the Auditor General and State as follows, viz: 1 FUNDED DEBT. $ 516.154 93 38,903,445 04 388,300 00 lOO,OOO 00 6 per cent, loan 6 do. do do. d 0....... 4 do. do Total funded debt. UJTFtttfDBD DEBT. i Relief notes in circulation $258,773 00 Interest certificates outatand'g 29,157 25 Domestic creditors 1,264 00 Balance of temporary loan, April 19,1853 Balance of .temporary loan, May 9,1854 346,000 00 Total unfunded debt. 525,000 00 Total debt, December 11555, The funded and unfunded debt at the of the last fiscal year, December 1,1856, was as follows* viz 6 per cent, loan $ 511,781 00 6 do. do 38,866,994 60 4% do. do 388,200 00 4 do. do 100,000 00 Total funded debt CJTFPSDED DEBT, VIZ: Belief notes in circulation.... $220,556 QO Interest certificates outstand'g 24,691 37 do. unclaimed 4,448 38 Domestic creditors 1,164 00 Balance of temporary loan, April 19,1853 Balance of temporary loan, May 9,1854 Total unfunded debt. L December 1,18*6, Total deb&Deeember 1,1855. do. do. 1,1858. It thus appears that during the past fiscal year the sum of three hundred and sixty-six thousand one hundred and fiftyreight dollars and ninety-seven cents has heeri paid in li quidation of the public debt. ■ This, taken in connection with the faot, that; during the year ending November 30,1855,'5ix hundred and thirty thousand six hundred and one dollars and two cents were paid on the same account, exhibits the gratifying faot, that the process of reducing the public debt has com menced ; and, unless checked by reckless mismanagement and extravagant expendi ture, must continue until the people Common relieved from the debt and taxation with which they are burdened. In addition to this reduction of the pubiic debt, large appropriations and payments were made for the completion of the Portage rail road and for debts f recently contracted on * that work ; for old and unsettled claims re cently adjusted by the commissioners ap pointed under the act of last .session ; for re-laying the south track of the Columbia railroad ; for enlarging the Delaware division of the canal, and for other purposes. These extraordinary demands upon the Treasury have ceaßed, or will soon cease, with the ne cessity that created them ; and thus leave a : still larger portion of the revenues to be ap plied in payment of the public debt. A careful examination of the financial con dition of the Commonwealth—her sources of revenue and the probable future expendi tures, has inspired the hope that the time is not far distant when the public debt will be fully paid, and this without increasing the subjects or ratio of taxation. It has already been shown that the revenues of the past year exceeded the ordinary expenditures one million two hundred and sixty-five thousand ninety-five dollars and fifty-six cents. The estimated receipts and expenditures for the current year, which will be presented to you in the report of the State Treasurer, shows that the excess of receipts, over ordinary ex penditures, ipay reach the sum of one and a half million of dollars. These estimates, al though approximations, will not be far from the true result. Allowing, then, four hun dred thousand dollars for annual extraordin ary expenditures—and under a 1 wise system of economy in ho probable : coritingency can , they e'xoeed that sum—we will have at least one million of doUars-to be appropriated an nually for the payment of the public debt. , JWith-the rapid- development of tie wealth and resources of the Commonwealth—the ' increase of population— of the value of real j estate, and of the amount and valne of prop- : erty of every description, the revenues mus t! and will continue to increase. This natural ’ and necessary increase of revenue will sup ply every deficiency and every demand upon . the Treasury that falls within the range of' probability If, then, the sum.of one million ! dollars be appropriated annually in liquida- | tion of thip debt, and the accruing interest j on the sums paid be applied in the manner j of a sinking fund, the entire indebtedness of j the Commonwealth will be extinguished in less than twenty-three years. If these pre mises are correct—and their correctness can ’ only be impaired by unwise legislation, or ; the imprudent management of our finances ■ —the tnith of the proposition is susceptible of the clearest demonstration. Assuming the public debt on the first day of D«cmber, 1856, to be, in round numbers, forty millions i five hundred thousand dollars, and that at the end of each fiscal year one million dol- ; ■lars, with the’ accruing interests,, on former payments, will be paid, unerring calculation : will determine the result to be as before in- , d.icated. Thus, before the expiration of the ' year 1879, Pennsylvania may stand redeem ed from the oppression of her public debt, and her people be released from a taxation imposed to meet its accruing interest, and to maintain th 6 faith and credit of the Com monwealth. These views are not utopian. By practicing strict economy in all depart ments of the government—avoiding extrava- ; gant expenditure—refusing to ffnereftake any ' new schemes.of internal improVement, and holding to a rigid accountability the receiv ing and disbursing agents of the State, their i realization may be anticipated with oonfi- 1 deuce. I must again call the attention of the Leg - islature to a subject referred to in my last annual message, in the following terms : “ By the thirty-eighth section of the act of the 16th of April, 1845, entitled ‘An act to provide for the ordinary expenses of Govern ment, the repair of the canals and railroads ; of the State, aud other claims upon the Com monwealth,’ the Governor was authorized to cause certificates of State stock to be issued to all persons or bodies corporate holding certificates for the payment of interest uu the funded debt of the State, which . fell due on the first day of August, 1842. the first days of February and August, 1843, and i the first days of February and August, 1844, | in an amount equal to the amount of certifi | cates so held, upon their delivering up said • certificates to the Auditor General. *ln pur t suanefeof the authority thus given, certifi j cates of State stock to the amount of four ; millions one hundred and five thousand, one * hundred and fifty dollars and twenty cents, I bearing interest at the rate of five per cent. : per annum, payable semi-annually, on the I first days of February and August in each j year, and redeemable on or after the first day jof August, 1855, were issued. The minimum I period fixed by law for the redemption of ■[“these certificates, expired on the first day of ! August, 1855. No provision has been made ; for their renewal or redemption. “ Although by the terms of the act author -1 izing these certificates of State stock, as also > by the conditions of the certificates issued in pursuance thereof, the time of payment, af ter the expiration of the minimum period, is optional with the debtor, the Commonwealth, yet a due regard for the credit of the State requires that provision should be made for their renewal or redemption. To redeem these certificates, a loan would become neces sary, and as a loan cannot be effected, in the present financial condition of the country, on terms more favorable to the State than those on which these certificates were issued, I would recommend that authority be given to issue the bonds of the Commonwealth in re newal of said certificates, bearing interest at the rate of five per cent, per annum, payable semi-annually, and redeemable on or after the expiratian of twenty years ; and that the bonds be issued with coupons, or certificates of interest attached, in sums equal in amount to the semi-annual interest thereon, payable on the first days of February and August in each and every year, at such places as may be designated. This change in the form and character of the certificate, it is believed, will be so advantageous to the holders, without increasing the liabilities of the Common wealth, as to induce a willing and prompt exchange, at a premium for the bonds pro posed to be exchanged.” The report of the Canal Commissioners will he laid before you, and will exhibit in detail the condition of the publio works— their general operation, and the (“receipts and expenditures for the last fiscal y4a>. The total receipts at the Treasury, from the public works, for the year ending November 30, 1856, were $2,006,015 66, being an in crease over the revenues of the previous year, of $63,638 95. Of this sum $1,013,- 589 16 were canal and bridge tolls, and $992,- 426 50, tolls of the Columbia and Portage railroad. -$39,807,799 97 The aggregate expenditures for the same year were $1,943,896 82, being an increase over those of the previous year, of $105,105- 64, the revenues exceeding the expenditures only $62,118 84. 1,160,194 25 $41,067,994 22 The increase of the revenues from these works would be encouraging, were it not for the fact that the expenditures have increased in a still greater proportion—the expendi tures, ordinary and extraordinary, exhaust ing almost the entire revenue from this source. The system must'be defective, or more care and economy should be exercised in its management. The receipts, at the Treasury from the several divisions, were as follows, viz: 539,860,975 50 400,000 00 184,000 00 834,559 75 Susquehanna, N. Branch and W. Branch Delaware .40,701,835 25 Total receipts. ;.$41,067,994 22 ... 40,701,835 25 The extraordinary payments during the year, amounted to $808,892 15 ; ordinary expenditures, $1,135,004 00 ; net revenue, (excluding extraordinary payments and for motive power) $871,011 00. 366,158 97 On the main line the tolls received at the \ Treasury from the Columbia road, were $991,- 676 50; expenditures $528,084 89; tolls on the Eastern division of canal, from Columbia to the Junction, $119,71S 36 ; expenditures, $53,048 50 ; receipts from the Junction to Pittsburg, including the Portage railroad, $177,778 00; ordinary expenditures, $304,- 702 22. The total receipts on the main line were $1,229,272 86; aggregate expenditures, ; (excluding $267,000 00 paid for re-laying the j south track of the Columbia railroad, and j $153,049 41 for motive power in 1855, and | after December Ist 1856,) were $885,835 65, ! being an excess 6f revenue over expenditures of $343,437 21. Although the reoeipts from the Delaware division are less than those of the previous year, yet the general result of its operations is satisfactory. The. net revenue at the Treasury was $264,095 40. Its'vmanagement has been-characterized by a degree of econo - my too seldom practiced on scune of the lines of our improvements. y i However important this divisiop.may be to I the trade and business of that portion of the State, its proposed enlargement should not be undertaken, unless demanded by reasons of over-ruling necessity. The experience of the past, as connected with the Allegheny Portage railroad, and the North Branch ex tension, should warn ns against lindertaking, without great caution, any new measure of improvement;'which may drain the Treasury, : without aiding materially, if at all, the pub lic interests. If kept in good order by i efficient and timely repairs, its capacity will be fully equal to all the demands of its trade and business. The Portage railroad is not fully completed. A small additional appropriation may yet be required to complete, for the fourth time, this road. It fs anxiously hoped that this unproductive improvement may soon oease its cormorant/demands upon the Treasury.— Every year’s experience more clearly reveals the impolicy of the State in undertaking this work. . It gives me no ordinary pleasure to inform you that the Nbrth Branch extension of the Pennsylvania canal has been so far completed, that.boats freighted, with coal and other pro- were successfully passed through'its entire length from PUtston' to tho -yr’.'z $1,229,272 86 426 820 51 349,922 29 2,006,015 66 V«J^S “THAT COUNTRY IS THE MOBT PROSPEROUS WHERE LABOR COMMANDS THE GREATEST REWARD.”—BUCHANAN, LANCASTER CITY, PA., TUESDAY MORNING, JANUARY 13, 1857. canal. This work was commenced in 1836 in 1841; —resumed in 1849, and finished in 1856; although its completion was officially announced in 1853. It extends from Pittston to the New York State line, a dis tance of about ninty-four miles, following the valley of the Susquehanna to Athens, and thence along the Chemung river to the State line, where it joins the ‘“Junction canal,” and is thu3 connected with the New York im provements. ; The importance - and value of this improve ment cannot be easily over-estimated. Pass ing through one of the richest mineral and agricultural portions of the- State, it offers to the immense and valuable products of that region, a safe and cheap transit to the mar kets of New York, Baltimore and Philadel phia. In the completion of this canal the difficulties to he overcome, and the labor to be performed, were great. Both these, to a great extent, have been accomplished under the superintendency of Wm. R. Maffet, Esq.>, to whom this work was assigned. This canal although completed, and before the close of Navigation, used for the purpose of transportation, is not perfect. Sinks in the bottom, from the nature of the formation and soils through which it passes, slides from the hills, and breaches may occur, but these, af ter a few years of well applied labor, will be diminished, and by vigilance and care entire ly prevented. This improvement, although subject to the rivalry of competing railroads, if kept in good condition, under proper management, will re ceive its full share of coal and other tonnage. It is anticipated that the revenues, for the current year, will equal, if not exceed the ex penditures; and increasing with the facilities afforded, and the rapid development of trade, will, instead of its heretofore unceasing de mands upon the Treasury, take precedence iu revenue over any canal in the Common wealth. / In relation to the propriety and policy of the sale of the main line of our pablic im provements, my opinion has not changed. Every consideration of public policy, of pres ent and future interest, requires the separa tion of the State from the management and control of these works. The expenditures on that portion of the line, between the Junction and Pittsburg, largely exceed the revenues, the excess averaging annually not less than one hundred and fifty thousand dollars; and causes are in constant operation that will still more increse this deficiency. This continual drain upon the Treasury, to sustain a work, so unproductive, should at once be checked. A sale of the main line, for a fair consideration, and upon terms just and liberal to the pur chasers, is the proper remedy. Such sale, on terms amply protective of the rights and in terest of the people, can, by proper legislation, be effected. In connection with the payment of the public debt, this question becomes deep ly important. The sale would constitute a new era in the financial history of the State, and assure a still more speedy reduction of the public debt, than that to which reference has been made. The subject is earnestly com mended to your favorable consideration.. The subject of banks aud banking capital in its relations to the currency—the general interests of trade and commerce and the indus trial pursuits of the citizen, deserve your careful attention. My views expressed in a former communication remain unchanged. The incorporation of new, or the re-cliarter of old .and solvent banks, when actually neces sary, and demanded by the wants of legitimate trade in the corfununity where located, should be favored ; under no other circumstances should either be permitted. In the creation of banks, the interests of the State aud people should be consulted, and a just discrimina tion as to number, locality aud the demands of trade be exercised. . The rapid increase of population, the impor tance and value of our home and foreign com merce, the constant developement of the ma terial wealth of the State, the extent of our manufacturing, mechanical and agricultural industry, the fact that the State is flooded'by a depreciated currency introduced by private bankers and brokers,'might"justify, nnderthe restrictions and limitations indicated, a judi cious increase of banking capital within our Commonwealth. This, whilst it would aid the operations of trade, and supply the real business wants of the people, would at the same time, remedy, to some extent, the evils of a depreciated foreign and illegal cur rency. By the act approved the 6th day of. N ovember last, the thirteenth section of the act of 1850, regulating bankSj will be, after the first day of July next, extended to all incor porated saving fund, trust apd insurance com panies. That section declares “that it shall not for any of the said banks to is sue or pay out any bank notes other than those issued by itself payable on demand in gold or silver ; notes of specie paying banks of this State which are taken on deposit or in in payment of debts, at par, at the counter of the bank where paid out; or notes of banks issued under the authority of the act of the 14th of May, 1841, at the option of the person received the same.” These enactments were intended to protect the community against the evils of a depre ciated currency, and pi event its introduction from other States. However well intended,they will fail to secure these objeots, unless made to embrace private bankers and others of class, whose profits are largely dependant up on the introduction into the State of sttch a currency. In many instances, the notes' of our own banks are collected by private bank ers and brokers, and with these, or with the specie withdrawn from the banka issuing them, they purchase depreciated and foreign bank paper, which is paid out at par at their counter. But others, large loans ar negotiat ed with banks out of the State, at less . than the usual rate of invest, and their notes, of ten of a less demonination than five dollars and always at discount, brought into tlie State and put into circulation in the manner indicated, and this, too, under an agreement with the bank making the loan, that the notes thus paid out shall be kept in circuia j tion. The effect of this system of private j banking has been to limit the circulation ,of the par paper of onr own banks, and substi tute in its place a foreign depreciated, and' often a worthless currency. In justice to the bank, trust and insurance companies, pay ing a heavy annual tax to the Common wealth for their privileges, and for the pro tection of the people against these evils eith i er the provisions of the thirteenth section of : the act of 1850, should be repealed, or further I extended so as to embrace private indiviu&ls ! and associations, who may monopolize and ! control, ? to the detriment of the public, this : traffic in depreciated bjmk paper, without re straint and without taxation. The report of the Superintendent of Com- I mon Schools, will exhibit to you the number ! j and condition of the schools—the number of j teachers and scholars, and the general opera- j I tions of the system during the past year. To 1 the valuable statistical information of the 1 ! report, and the useful .suggestions for the im- ; ; provement of the system, I iuvit<> your early i ; and intelligent consideration. From a small and comparatively unimpor tant incident of the State Department the care and management of the public schools of the Commonwealth, with seventeen hundred dis tricts, ten thousand directors, twelve thou sand teachers, and over five hundred thou sand scholars, have become the most impor tant and laborous branch of the Department. The increased and increasing business of the system has been met by a correspondent in crease of zeal, labor and efficiency in the of ficers whom the law has committed its general direction and supervision. They should be sustained by wise and generous legislation. The magnitude and importance of the system, in its political, sooial and moral relations to the present and future of the people, require that this should be done. The guardianship of the mind of the State should occupy a distinct and prom inent place among the noble institutions of the Commonwealth. It should receive the efficient aid and encouragement of the gov ernment, and be sustained by a virtuous and intelligent people. If the revenue andtreasu res of the State—her public her lands and their, titles, require and deserye the marked and distinctive care of the gov ernment, how much more shouTdher menial and inteUestmal treasures, richer than gold— the social and moral improvement of her people, more valuable than canals and rail w&y_the titles of her youth to the boundless fields of knowledge higher than any of earth or aught growing oat of its' ownership, claim an honorable position, and receive a care and aid commensurate with their greater value and usefulness. The County Superintendenoy, wherever it ha 3 been committed to faithful and efficient men, has fully vindicated the wisdom and policy of that measure. It is slowly, but surely removing the prejudices and gaining the confidence of the people. Whatever de fects time and experience may develops, in this or any other branch of the system, should be promptly corrected. But until the neces sity for change is established, the system, in its unity and integrity, should be maintain ed ; and if changed, ohanged only to render more certain the accomplishment of its noble purposes and objects. A sufficient number of competent well train ed teachers is the great want of the system. In its structure and organization it is as perfect if not more so, than any of the systems of gur sister States. Bat the teacher, is wanted; to give it proper vitality and efficiency—to develope its true force and value—to,* secure the great object of its creatipri, the thorough education of the youth of thb Commonwealth. How can this want be supplied ? tfow are teachers to be trained and provided to meet this educational demand ? Must we be de pendent upon the training schools of other States ? MustAmr system be jeoparded, and its success perilled, by waiting the slow and unaided efforts of voluntary associations to furnish4he much needed teacher’ Volun taryassociations of common school teachers have accomplisliedffluch in their disinterest ed and noble efforts to remedy this defect. They are worthy the highest commendation— they deserve every encouragement. They can aud will do more; but unaided they cannot ac complish the object desired. The Legislature must provide the remedy—they can supply the deficiency. It should be done promptly and effectually. No subject of greater interest can occupy your attention as legislators—no one appeals more earnestly to duty and patri otism. In a former communication to the Legisla ture the establishment of State Normal schools, for the education of teachers, was urged as indispensably necessary to the per fection of the system. With full confidence in their utility and necessity, I again recom mend them. These institutions, with their proper professors, and appliances, supported by the State, would meet the wants and ele vate the character of our common schools. Teachers’ Institutes, as - auxiliary to Normal Schools, when in operation, and supplying their place till established, should be aided by the State. One such Institute in eaoh county, meeting annually, under the foster ing care of the government, would be pro ductive of most beneficial results. Whilst it would improve teachers and prepare them for their important and responsible duties, it would elevate and dignify a profession tod long neglected aud under-valued by those most deeply interested in their honorable la bors. These measures, as also in addition to the annual State appropriation for common schools, in an amount limited only by the necessities of the Treasury, would give ener gy to the system—increase its efficiency—and thus promote the true interests of the people aud the Commonwealth. Our educational, charitable and reforma tory institutions have strong claims upon the bounty of the people, and I cordially commend them to your care and liberality. The State Lunatic Asylum at Harrisburg, and the Western Pennsylvania Hospital for the insane, and other kindred purposes at Pittsburg, are noble charities, and deserve the aid and encouragement of the State.— The annual reports of these institutions will be laid before you, aud will exhibit, in detail, their operations during the past year. The House of Refuge in Philadelphia, and the Western House of Refuge near Pittsburg,' are institutions of great excellence, and their results clearly establish the wisdom of the policy that founded aud sustains them.— They ought not to be neglected ; nor should the aid of the Commonwealth be held from them. The “Blind” and the “ Deaf and Dumb Asylums” at Philadelphia; and “title, Penn sylvania Training School for and fee ble minded children,” are institutions that appeal, in silence and sorrow, to the best and purest feelings of the heart, aud ask your sympathy and aid. They should receive a generous share of the benefactions of the State. Agriculture, in its varied departments, is the great interest of the Commonwealth.-, It is the basis alike of the financial and com mercial success, and of State and national prosperity. An interest so important should be fostered by the State, and honored by all classes of society. To its promotion and suc cess all should cheerfully contribute. In a former communication I recommended the establishment of an Agricultural bureau, in connection with some one of the State De partments, to give.efficiency to the collection and diffusion of useful knowledge on this subject, and to encourage scientific and prac tical agriculture. Science, and wonderous energy, has aided the husbandman in his honorable vocation, and proffers still more help. The State should nerve his arm and cheer him onward in this, the first and no blest pursuit of man. This subject, in con nection with an appropriation to the “ Farm ers High School of Pennsylvania”—an in stitution destined to be an honor to the Commonwealth—is recommeuded to your fa vorable consideration. The “ Polytechnic College of Pennsylva nia,” established by the enterprise and liber ality of some of the patriotic citizens of Phil adelphia, as a school of the applied sciences, deserves honorable mention, and should re ceive.the confidence and patronage of^the pub lic. In the teachings of this institution, liter ature, science and art, in happy union, meet to prepare our young men for the practical business of life, for mining, mechanical and civil engineering, and for promoting intelli gently and efficiently the great interest of manufacturing and agricultural industry. . The laws on the statute book regulating manufacturing aDd improvement companies require revision. They are unnecessarily stringent in many of their provisions, and thus defeat the object of their enactment. They drive capital.tfrom the State, instead of inviting its investment here ; and instead of encouragiDg individual and associated enter prise and energy in the development of our immense natural resources, they bind and crush both by severe restrictions—unwise limitations and personal liabilities. The sub ject deserves careful attention and liberal legislation. ’• I have so frequently expressed my views in relation to local, special and “ omnibus” leg islation, that their reiteration now becomes 1 unnecessary. Legislation, so far as practica ■ ble, should be general and uniform. Local j and special legislation, when the objeot de } sired can be secured by general laws, or by | the action of the courts, should be avoided, i “ Omnibus legislation'* caunjt, under any I circumstances, be justified or approved. Too , much legislation is an evil that prevails exten ' sively in legislative halls. Its avoidance I would not be injurious to public or private | interests. j . The practice of delaying the passage of the ; general appropriation bill until the last days j of the session, and incorporating in it provi i sioris incompatible with Tftpgeneral charac i ter, and obnoxious, when standing alone, to ! insurmountable objections, is highly censur i able and Bhould be discontinued. The at ] tempt thus made to force, by a species of legislative legerdemain, the passage of objeo . tionable measures through the Legislature, j and compel their sanction by the Executive, j has been too often successful. The practice | cannot be too strongly condemned; it cannot receive my sanction. The militia law of the State is imperfect in i many of its provisions, and should be revised. , The powers and duties of the Commander-in ; Chief should be more clearly defined ; as also i of the other officers connected with the mili tary organization of the Commonwealth. This is necessary to prevent a conflict of juris diction with other departments of the govern ment, and to give greater' efficiency to onr military system. Volunteer companies should be encouraged; our entire military system should be remodeled, and made to occupy that honorable position which from its im portance and necessity it deserves. , Near the close of session of the Legislature, I transmitted to that body an ordinance passed select and common councils of the city of Philadelphia, approv ed by the Mayor oh the 7th of April, 1856, and officially communicated to me, proposing to convey to the Commonwealth of Pennsyl vania a lot of ground in that city, for the purpose of erecting thereon a State arsenal. Want of time alone prevented action on the proposition then submitted. The ground thus offered to the State is valuable, and its location most eligible for the purpose intend ed. The, conditions of the proposed grant are favorable to the State, and highly credita ble to the municipal authorities of Philadel phia, evincing a liberality and public spirit worthy of all commendation. The necessity - of a State arsenal in that city is so apparent that the subject needs no elaboration in this communication. After the sale of the State arsenal in Philadelphia, the publio arms deposited in jan old building, or out hoarse, unsafe and unfit as a depository for public property. The sum of $30,000, realized from that sale, is now in the Treasury; and by the fifty-fifth section of an act passed the 19th day of April, A. D. 1853, entitled “An Act to provide for the ordinary expenses of government,” &c., the Governor was authori zed to apply the same to the purchase of a lot of ground and to the erection of an arse nal thereon. This sum was found insufficient for these purposes, aud consequently the ob ject intended by the appropriation has not been accomplished. By the cession of this lot, the State, will be relieved from the ex penditure of any money for the purchase of suitable grounds ; and the entire sum of $30,000 may he applied to the erection of the necessary buildings ; to which sum can be added, if deemed advisable, the amount that may be realized from the sale of the arsenals at Meadville and Harrisburg, as recommend ed in my last annual message. These sums would be amply sufficient to accomplish this object. I would, therefore, again recommend the imme diate passage of a bill accepting the conveyance of the said lot of ground from the city of Philadel phia, for the purposes and upon the terms and con ditions contained in the ordinance ; and that the sum of $30,000 be appropriated for the ereotion of a State arsenal thereon. On the 6th day of Ootober, 1856,1 approved and signed a bill, entitled, 11 An Aot to Repeal the Charter of the Erie ancTTjDrth. East Railroad Com pany, and to provkhTforthe disposal of the same.” In pursuance of its provisions, Hon. Joseph Casey was appointed to take possession and have the obarge and custody of the road. Before possession was taken, application was made by the company, to one of the Judges of the Supreme Court of Penn sylvania, for an injunction to restrain the agent of the State from taking possession; and subsequent ly a cautionary order was made by the Supreme Court, in banc, to stay proceedings under the act. The questions then pending before that Court were determined in favor of the CommonweaKb=tirer ‘ constitutionality of the aot sustained, and the ap plication for an injunction refused. Possession of the road was then taken by the agent of the State, as directed bylaw. On the 22d day of April, 1856, an act, entitled, “ An Act supplementary to the act incorporating the Erie and North East Railroad Company,” was passed. £y this act, the Erie and North East Railroad, as originally located and constructed, was legalized and confirmed ; and certain changes in the road were directed to be made, and other acts to be done by the company. It was also pro vided “ That the Govenor shall retain possession of the Erie and North East Railroad, under the act of the 6th of October, 1855, until the provi sions of this act shall have been acoepted by a vote of the stockholders of the Erie and North East Railroad Company, at a meeting called for the purpose. 1 ' On the fifteenth day of May, 1856,1 at a meeting of the stockholders called for the pur pose, the provisions of the act were accepted by their vote. This acceptance, duly certified, was received and filed in their Department, on the 15th of July last. Possession of the road has been re stored, and it is now under the care and manage ment of the company. A final account for the money received from the road, whilst in possession of the State, will be settled by the company at the earliest practicable period. It is but proper to state that since the accep tance of the act of the 22nd of April, 1856, a writ of error, in the cases adjudicated by the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, has been issued at the suit*., ofthe company by the Supreme Court of the Uni ted States, and is now pending in that court. The commissioner first appointed having resign ed, A. K. M’Clure, Esq., was appointed in his place The duties of both officers were ably and faithfully performed. Copies of their correspon dence and reports, herewith submitted to the House of Representatives, for the use of the Le gislature, will furnish information in detail on the subject now under consideration. It is sincerely desired that good faith and honesty of purpose may characterize the conduct of this company in the discharge of the duties assumed by their acceptance of the act of 22d of April last, and that this much vexed question will not again disturb the harmony, or retard the prosperity of the city of Erie, or any other portion of this Commonwealth. The resolution proposifag amendments to the Con stitution of the Commonwealth, have been pub lished as directed by that instrument. It will be your duty to take such action in reference of these amendments as will, in your judgment, be most consistent with the wishes of the people. An ap : propriatipn will be required to pay the expenses of their publication,and to. this your earliest attention is requested. ' The important duty of districting the State for the election of Senators and Representatives, will devolve upon you. This duty shall be performed faithfully, and with strict reference to the interests and rights of the whole people. Returns of taxa ble?, required to be made by counties have not all been forwarded to this Department, as by law directed. Circulars have been issued to the officers charged with these duties, urging the speedy performance, and the returns will, as soon received, be transmitted to you. The elective franobise is the highest and most responsible privilege enjoyed by the American citi zen. Involving in its exercise the sovereignty of the people, and constituting, as it does, the sub stratum of our free institutions, it cannot be too highly appreciated or carefully guarded. The ballot-box, through which the people speak their will, should be preserved from violation at every hazard and sacrifice. Upon its parity and integ rity, depend the existence of our Republican gov ernment, and the rights and' privileges of the cit izen. Every legal voter, whatever may be his political affinities or party predilections, is deeply interested in this question. Anyfattempt to sally its purity, or impair its efficiency/whether by vio lence or fraud, should be sternly resisted and se verely punished. Illegal voting, whether founded on forgery or peijury, or both-—on false assess ments, or false and forged certificates of naturali zation, —is an evil that deserves the severest con demnation. • It prevents an honest expression of the popular will, corrupts the sources of legitimate power and influence, and strikes a fatal blow at the cherished rights of freemem These evils are alleged to exist in oar large cities—the rural dis tricts of the State are comparatively free from such corrupting abuses. A remedy, co-extensive with the evil, should be provided. Every defence should be thrown around the ballot-box, and whilst the ( rights of legal voters should be seoured and protected, fraud in every form should be pre* vented and punished. Whether a judicious regis try law, or some other measure of reform, adequate to the necessities of the case, should be adopted, is referred to the wisdom of the Legislature. As appropriate to the subject, the reform of the naturalization laws—the prevention by the Na tional Government, of the importation of foreign criminals and paupers, and a more careful, rigid personal examination, by our courts, of all persons coming before them as applicants foj admission to the rights of citizenship, would, to some extent, correct existing abases, and relieve the ballot-box from the pressure of corrupting and dangerous in fluences. To the policy and acts of the National Govern ment, affecting as they do, the rights and interests of the Commonwealth, the people of the State cannot be indifferent. Pennsylvania, occupying a high and conservative position in the sisterhood of States—devoted to the Constitution and the Union, in their integrity and harmony, has been, and will ever be, as ready to recognize the rights of her sister States as to defend her own. These senti ments she never abandoned—these principles she has never violated. Pledged to the maintenance of the rights of the North, as well as those of the South—sincerely desirous to promote the peace, harmony and welfare of our whole country—and disclaiming all intention or desire to interfere with the Constitutional rights of the States, or their domestio institutions—the people of the Common wealth viewed with alarm and. apprehension the repeal of the Missouri Compromise—a compromise rendered sacred with the great cause of national harmony and union—regarding it as a palpable violation of the plighted faith and honor of the nation, and os an unwarrantable attempt to extend the institution of domestio slavery to the territo ries- (hen free. This Teeklees and inde fendbl* set ; of,our National Congress, has not only aroused ; sectional jealousies and renewed the agitation of vexed and distracting questions, but, as a conse > quence, it has filled Kansas with fraud, violence j aud strife—has stained its soil with blood, and by i a system of territorial legislation, jnstly styled i “infamous,” has mode freedom of speech and of. the press a felony, and periled the great principles of liberty and equal rights. If the dootrine of 1 “popular sovereignty" is in good faith to be applied ito tha^ 1 Territory—if the people thereof are to be left “perfectly free to form and regulate their do i mestic institutions in their own way, subject only , to the Constitution of the United States,” then ■ the obstruction of the great National highways to the northern emigrant—the employment of the National forces, and the subversion of law and justice alike by the officials in Kansas and Wash ington,l to force slavery npon an unwilling people, , | cannot be too severely condemned. • i Freedom is the great centre-truth of Amerioau | Republicanism—the great law of Amerioan Na- | j tionalityslavery is the exception. It is local and sectional : and its extension beyond the juris '< •'diotion creating it, or to the free territories of the ! Union, was never designed or contemplated by the.j patriot fonoders of the Republic. In accordance j with these sentiments, Pennsylvania, true to the principles of the act of 1780, which abolished ! slavery within her territorial limits—true to the ! -great doctrines of the Ordinance of 1787, which ! dedicated to freedom the north-western territory i of the Union—true to National faith and National ! honor, asks and expects, as due to her own citi- : tens who have, in good faith, settled in the terri tory of Kansas, and as due to the industry and energy of a free people, that Kansas should be free. In this connection, and as consequent upon tbe repeal of the Missouri Compromise, reference to a proposition made by some of tbe leading southern journals, and more recently sanctioned by high of ficial authority in a sister State, to re open the African slave trade, will not be deemed improper. That such a traffic, declared to be piracy, and ex ecrated by the civilized world—so crowded with horrors in every stage of its pursuit—so revolting to every sentiment of humanity—every impulse of pure and noble feeling, should be advocated or ap proved, in this ninteenth century, with apparent sincerity, and urged as a measure of political econ omy and of justice and equality to the southern States of the Unian, are facts that find their only explanation and apology in a wild enthusiasm, or a still wilder fanatioism that overwhelms alike the reason and the conscience. The wisdom and hu manity of a proposition so startling and monstrous, must seek their parallel and illustration in the dungeons of the Inquisition, or in the hold of the slave ship, ; amid the horrors of the “ middle pas sage.” Equally repulsive to the intelligent and virtuous sentiment of the south as well as the north it should receive the indignant rebuke of every friend of justice and humanity. The history of the world and of crime does not reveal a traffic more inhuman —an attrocity more horrible. Against a proposition so abhorent, and against the principles it involves, as the representatives of a free people, and their name yon should enter their unanimous and emphatic protest. The union of the States, which constitutes us one people, should be dear to you—to every Amer ican citizen. In the heat and excitement of polit ical contests—in the whirl of sectional and conflic ting interests —amid the surging of pass sions, harsh and discordant voices may be beard, threatening its integrity and denouncing its doom ; but in the calm, “ sober, second thought” of a 4>atriotic‘and virtuous people, will be found its se curity and defence Founded in wisdom, and cher ished by the intense affection of pure and devoted patriotism, it will stand, safe and undisturbed, amid the insane rage of political demagogism, and the fitful howling of frantic fanaticism ; and when it falls—if fall it must—it will be when liberty and truth, patriotism and virtue, have perished. Penn sylvania tolerates no sentiment of disunion—she knows not the word. Disunion ! “ ’tis an after thought—a monstrous wish—unborn till virtue dies.” The Union and the Constitution—.he safe guard and bond of American Nationality—will be revered and defended by every American Freeman who cherishes the principles and honors tbe mem ory of the illustrious founders of the Republic. Recognizing our responsibility to Him who con trols the destinies of nations and of men ; and invo king his blessing on your deliberations, may order and harmony characterize your sessions, and with single reference, to the public good, may your legislative action, in its character and.results, pro mote tbe happiness and welfare of the people, and the honor and prosperity of the Commonwealth. JAMES POLLOCK Executive Chamber, t \ Harrisburg, January 7, 1857. j REPORT To the Stockholders of the liancaster Bank The undersigned committee of Stockholders of said Bank, appointed to investigate its con dition and make report— 1. Whether said Bank Is solvent or insolvent 2. If found insolvent,<to report the caase or causes of such insolvency, and the mannerin which U was pro duced : 3. The time or times when the losses ware Incurred that have tendered It Insolvent: 4. The names of the officers underwViose administration the insolvency of the BaDk occurred— respectfully beg leave to submit to this meet ing, That having made the investigation direct ed by the resolution under which they were appointed, and after a careful examination of the assets and liabilities of the Bank, have come to the conclusion that the statement sub mitted to the Stockholders at a former meet ing, was a fair and impartial exhibition of the condition of the Bank—thus leaving no doubt of its insolvency to an amount sufficient to ab sorb the entire capital stock and a portion of the deposites. The insolvency of the Bank can be readily traced to a combination of causes, each con tributing to waste its resources and encroach upon its assets. Instead of accomodating the business community in the locality of the Bank, where the Directors had the means of knowing the responsibility of the drawers and endorsers of the paper offered for discount, it loaned an amount exceeding .three-fourths of its capital to a few individuals (its President and Cashier among the number,) for the pur pose of building the Simbury and Philadelphia Railroad—erecting extensive iron establish ments, and developing the Shamokin Coal fields —projects, which, every man of even ordinary discretion must have foreseen, would lock up the'funds of the Bank, thus loaned to those parties, for a long space of time ; and, if those speculations should prove disastrous, must inevitably lose to the Bank the money loaned for such purposes. In consequence of the entire capital of the Bank being locked np: either by being on the protest list, invested in factory stock, and in loans to its President, DaYiD Longexeckeb, and bis co-operators in the Shamokin Coal specu lations, resort was had to various illegitimate methods of banking, in order to carry its cir culation, but which in rapid succession only tended still more to cripple its condition.— Among the expedients resorted to by the Bank to carry its circulation, without the basis of its capital, was the furnishing of its bills to wild cat Savings Institutions, private banking es -tablishmetits, and even private individuals, in large amounts, charging interest at the rate of three per cent, per annum, with the under standing, on the part of this class of borrowers, that they should keep those bills afloat, so as not to incommode the Bank. By this means one single individual has become indebted to the Bank in a very large amount, which in debtedness is put down among the doubtful and bad assets. But independent of the insol vency of the parties to whom the bills of the bank were thus famished in large amounts for circulation, this method of keeping up a circu lation was the cause of additional losses. — These bills of the bank found their way to Philadelphia, the commercial mart of Pennsyl vania, where it was required they should be redeemed in gold or silver; and in order to do this the notes and bill? of exchange which had been discounted at the counters of the Bank, at legal rates, were sent to Philadelphia, and theriftßrid at a discount, rating from to 3 per per cem. per month: More than $90,000 of the insolvency of the Bank can be traced to the payment of extra interest to meet the demands of its circulation. Among other causes of its insolvency may be mentioned the transfer to the Bank of $20,- 000 worth of factory,stock at par by David Lon'gejteckeb, the President, on the 29th of January, 1852, when in fact the stock was not selling at more than $l4 to $l6 per 6hare, the par value being $5O per share. Also, in the exohange by the Bank of $13,500, James’ Loan, at par, being a loan Becured by first mortgage on Conestoga Steam Mill, No. 3, for 325 shares Lancaster Bank Stock at $6O per share. This exchange was directed by the Board of Directors in May, 1855, the stock to be transferred to the Bank before the first of November, 1855; but the stock was not trans ferred until-after the May dividend in 1856. Mr. Loxgsicbckss, however, took immediate poftMMlon of theaeowitiw Jwaw’Loao, after the Board agreed to the exchange/ tiros* defrauding the Bank out of either the yeart interest on the James’ Loan or the two divi dends on the 225 shares of Lancaster Bank Stock. Another direct, palpable and gross fr&ud ws* committed upon the Bank in May, 1656, by which it lost $4,000 of good securities in the following manner: In February, 1856, & reso lution passed the Board of Directors for the appointment of a Committee to investigate its condition, and on the 3d of-March* 1856/lthe following Committee was announced, vis; Hats horn Freeland, Brsj. Eshleman, Augustus Boyd, A. Herb Smith, and Bbsj. C. BachkaN, Esqrs. This committee proceeded in the charge of their duties, and made considerable progress, before the dividends were declared in May, 1856. On the Bth of May, after the divi dend was declared, Mr. Boyd, a member of that committee, moved the Board of Directors to allow Mr. Uleim to exchange with, the Bank its stook at $55 per share for a bond of $4,000, which the Bank held against Mr. Glsoc U | principal, and five other responsible names if 1 sureties, winch was allowed by the Board jto be done. Mr. Glew not having at th%t tins the stock to transfer, Mr. Boyd prooured tat him a power-of-attomey from his brother, J. Taylor Boyd, ; and his brother-in-law, T. W. Henderson, for the transfer to the Bank of the stock held by them respectively, and also gave a power-of-attorney to transfer the stook held by Mr. Boyd himself, thus palming upon the Bank its stock at $55 per share, when he aad the members of the Board of Directors must have known, the stock of the Bank to be worse than worthless. Among other oauses, also, of the insolvency of the Bank,-was the payment of the notes of parties without there being funds standing to ’ their credit in the institution to meet them.— The most barefaced in criminal transactions of that kind may be summed up as follows; In March, 1855, Wm. L. Helfenstein had notes maturing in the Lancaster Savings Institution for over $50,000. These notes were endorsed: by either the President or Cashier of the Lan caster Bank, in their individual capaoity, and also by J.so. F. Long and Thomas Baumgard ner, then also Directors of the Bank. At the maturity of these notes they were presented to the Lancaster Bank for payment, and were directed by the Cashier to be paid, although at the time Mr. Helfenstein had no funds - in Bank to liis credit to meet them—thus appro priating the funds of the Bank to their own private indebtedness to an amount exceeding $50,000. Another cause of the insolvency of the Bank, was the taking away from it, by David Longeneckee, of $14,000 of first mortgage Sunbury Railroad bonds, which had been ta ken by the Bank as collateral and returning to it in lieu thereof an equal amount of the Beo ond mortgage bonds. •' So early as 1549, when Christian Bachman was its Cashier, several transactions took plaoe which were the means of losing to the Bank, more than $50,000; One of which' was the loaning, to Mr. Shoenbergeb, $25,000 of the money of the Bankj without the approbation of the Board of Directors; the other was the loaning to F. A. Vandyke, a broker in Phila delphia, $25,000 for which a specie certificate was taken, and which is still in Bank, having been eouhted as specie from 1849 to this time, in the assets of the Bank. Among other losses to the Bank, may be enumerated subscriptions of Stock to Railroads. On the 27th of December, 1852, the Board of Directors subscribed $5,000 in the Stock of the Philadelphia and West Chester Railroad Com* pany; and on the 13th day of September, 1852, the Board subscribed $5,000 in the Stock of the Sun bury Railroad Company—invest ments of the funds of the Bank foreign to the objects of the Legislature in conferring bank ing privileges; and no Bank oan exist in. a healthy condition, with its funds locked up in securities, from which gold or silver can not be realized to meet the demands of its circulation, and which are so liable to depreciation. The whole management.of this Bank, from v 1848 to the day its doors closed, has been ! characterized by wicked criminality on the • part of the President and former Cashier, and gross negligence on the part of the Directors, in whom was confided that trust by the Stock holders. It has been used as a family affair, without any regard to the rights of Stock holders and Depositor, as if its capital had been placed there for the especial benefit” of those, who, by misplaced public confidence, succeeded in the control of its management. From the sworn statements of B. C. Bach- , man, its Cashier, annually furnished to the/ Auditor General, as required by law, the pub lic were credulously led to believe the Institu tion was in a sound condition; but, from an ex amination of the books, these sworn statement* are found to have been false, and were known' to be so by the Cashier at the time he made them. As an example of the manner In which the Bank was used for the benefit of some of the Directors, the minutes of the Board show that on March 13th, 1854, a private banker,- then in the Board, was authorized to overdraw hi* account, $lO,OOO, paying interest at the rate of three per cent per annum. This money, wai t of course, used in shaving paper, and -was lia ble to be returned to the counters of the Bask the next day, and gold or silver demanded for it. It may be that some of the paper held by the Bank, which is now worthless, was dis counted by D. Longeneckeb and B. C. Bach man*, the President and Cashier, without the knowledge of the Board of Directors; but the notes thus discounted were not drawn at one' time, but ran through a course of years; and it was the duty of the Directors to have known what done behind the board— which they could easily have known by looking at the books. Np investigation of the condition of the Bank was had from the year 1848 until the year 185 6—evidencing a degree of care lessness and negligence, on the part of the Directors, entirely inexcusable. The losses which rendered the Bank insol vent occurred gradually from 1849 up to the time the Bankfclosed its doors. The commit tee had not time to place the several losses to each year when they occurred. W. W. BROWN, Chairman .. CARDS. .r. John. 91’CaUa, DENTIST—Office-No 4 Bast King street, Lancaster, Pa. Upl l 8 tf-lfl JUNIUS B. KAUFMAN, ATTORNEY 1 AT LAW, baa removed his office to his residence, in Duke street, ft rst door south of the Farmers’ Bank’ near the Court Houm. ap i , / lyU Removal.- william a. amweg, attorn by AT LAW, has removed his Office from htt former pile*, into North Duke street opposite the new Court Hooff. apr 8 tf 12 Remoral.— ISAAC E. lUKSTER—Attorney at Law- Has removed to an Office In North Duke itreetj heartj pposits the new Court House, Lancaster, Pa, *rl do-12 WILLIAM WHITESIDE, BURGJEOS DENTIST.—Office in North Qaeen etreet, M tear from Orange, and directly over Sprenger M Weetlueffiw** Book Storo. Lancaster, may 27, 1856. Newton lightnee, attoeiby AT LAW, has removed his Office to North Dnke street, to tho room recently occupied by Hon. I. B. Hiefiter. Lancaster, apr 1 tf ll ■ Jesse Landis* —Attorney at Law. Office On* door east of Ladder's Hotel, E. King St., Lancaster Pa. S 3, All kinds of Screening—such as writing Wills, Deeds, Mortgage*. Accounts, Ac., will be'attended to with correctness and despatch. may 16, ’66 ttlT Aldus J. Neff, Attorney at Lai*;.—Office wift B. A. Shtefter,’E*q., south-west cornerofOentre Square, next door to Wager’s Wine Store, Lancaster, Pa. may 15,1855 ly-lf James Black.—Attorney at Law. Office la S. King street, two doors east of Lee bier’s Hotel, Lan caster, Pa. 49“ All business connected with his profession, and’ all kinds of writing, such as preparing Heeds, Mortgages, Wills, Stating Accounts, Ac., promptly attended to. may 16. . tMT Removal. —WILLAM B.i FOBDNJBY, Attorney al Law has removed his office from N. Queen st. to the building In the South East corner of Centre Square, for merly known as Hubley’s Hotel. Lancaster, april 10 Dr. J. T. Baker, Homepathlc Physician, suoOMior, to Dr. WAllister. - i •- • •- - Office In E. Orange St, nearly opposite ft* First G*r-. man Reformed Church. '. •' ‘ Lancaster, April 17 ; . Medical —dr. jm. j. atrorn, pbla, and a Graduate of.the University of 1846, has located himself and opened an Om» ib'tb£Tlp/< lageofPandfea,Uncuta..oqanty, whm-htpM aft All. times he consul tefraxeafr* twa yrrJasrtiVifly ’• NO. 6$
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers