INTELLIGENCER & LANCASTERIAN. GEO. SANDERSON, EDITOR. A. lIAEDRESON, Ausoisiato. LANCASTER, PA., APRIL 15; 1856 CIROULATION, 2000 Comm: FOR PRESIDENT, JAMES BUCHANAN. (Subject to the decision qf the (Invention.)Democratic National CANAL COMMISSIONER: GEORGE SCOTT, of Columbia County. AUDITOR GENERAL: JACOB PRY, Jr., of Montgomery County. SURVEYOR GENERAL: TIMOTHY rvira, of Potter County. memoir of James Buchanan We need make no apology, we are sure, to our readers' for the space occupied in our col umns by the admirable memoir of Mr. Bo cmisex, published by the direction of the Democratic State Central Committee. It ie from the pen of Col. John W. Forney, the tol erated and energetic Chairman of the Commit tee, and is, unquestionably, a productitin of great ability. Its appearance at this time, cannot fail in having a happy effect in further ing the prospects of Pennsylvania and her fa vorite candidate before the Cincinnati Conven tion. This, in connexion with a ten column editorial which appeared in- the Pennsylva nian some two weeks ago, fully sets forth the claims of our great State to the Presidency; and the exalted character and eminent public services of our candidate, Mr. 8., in their true light. We should gladly, if we had the space, give our readers the benefit of the latter able production, but its great length renders its insertion at this time, at least, out of the ques tion. We shall endeavor to make some ex treats from it, in a week or two. Ron. Richard Yana' This gentleman has been unanimously nom inated as the Democratic candidate for Mayor of Philadelphia. There can scarcely be a doubt of his triumphant election. The Know-Nothings have not yet trotted out their nag. It makes very little difference, however, who they nominate, as the Demo cratic candidate is certain to be elected. The people of Philadelphia have had quite a sur feit of Know-Nothing rule in the last two years, and they intend no* to try what virtue there is in Democratic policy. AN OLD SOBSCRIBER.—On Tuesday last, our good old Democratic friend, PETER MATER, of Rapho township, called at our office to pay his subscription. He commenced taking the " Journal" (at the advice of his father) when it was first established in 1794—he being then only twelve years of age, and has been a reg ular Subscriber to the paper, during all its mutations, from that time to the present, a period of more than sixty years ! Mr. M. is still hale and hearty, and bids fair to live many years longer. May prosperity attend him in the evening of his days. Connecticut Election The popular vote is very heavy. No eleo tion for Governor by the people. The Demociacy made a gallant fight, having polled a larger vote than ever before, and only lacking some 12 or 1400 votes of electing . their candidate for Governor over all opposition. The vote stands—lngraham (dem,) 32,620; all others, 33,972. The Fusionists will have a small ma jority on joint ballot, in the Legislature, and will therefore be able to elect the Goverpor and other State officers. CONFLAGIUTION.-A disastrous -fire oc curred in Philadelphia, on Thursday night last, completely destroying the Artizan's Building in Ranstead Place, between Market and Chesnut, and Fourth and Fifth streets, together with several other adjacent buildings. The rear of the U. S. Hotel, in Chesnut St., was also damaged considerably. The total loss by the fire is estimated at not less than $350,000, and the insurance not more than $100,600. A fireman was badly injured by the- falling walls, and an elderly lady, residing next door to the U. S. Hotel, died from fright during the excitement. The Canal Open The Canal from Columbia to Pittsburg has been open since the let inst., and boats are now running. It is anticipated that an un usually large amount of business will be done on that branch of the public works the present season, and preparations have been according ly made. We learn that two new Transpor tation Lines have commenced operations, one the Daemon Line, owned by Cookman Bra., has 20 boats—John Eberly, Agent, Columbia; and the other Tiers 8: Co., has 40 boats—Ap pold & Co. Agents, Columbia. These are all first class boats, and the enterprising owners and agents will spare neither labor nor ex pense to facilitate trade, and thus make the Canal not only productive to the Common wealth, but a matter of great convenience and utility to the public. We hope to see them liberally encouraged. lar The SAVING FUND of the National Safe ty Company, WALNUT street, South-west corner of THIRD street, PHILADELPHIA, now has more than ONE MILLION of Dollars, in MORTGAGES, GROUND RENTS, and other first class invest ments for the security of depositors. I. The Governor has appointed Dr. John L. Atlee, of this city, one of the Trustees of the State Lunatic Asylum, vice Dr. F. A. Muhlenberg, resigned. far Tames S. WHARTON, Esq., an eminent lawyer and formerly Reporter of the Supreme Court of this State, died, at Philadelphia, on Tuesday last, aged 65 years; ELEGANT PLATED SILVER WARE.—One of the finest establishments of this kind in Philadel phia, is that of Messrs. JOHN 0. MEAD & SONS, No. 15 South Ninth St., above Chesnut, near the Girard House, and No. 26, South sth St., 3 doors above Chesnut. Their patterns are of the richest style, equal in finish to solid silver, and elicit the universal admiration of all visi tars. A finer display of this kind of ware is not to be seen in the United' States, and the proprietors are upright, honorable business men, whese representations can be implicitly relied on. We advise our friends by all means to give them a call. They will not be disap pointed. Buchanan In Frederick The Democratic Convention of Frederick county, Maryland, met on the sth inst., for the purpose of appointing delegates to a Dis trict Convention to select two delegates to the National Convention. The following resolution was unanimously adopted: Resolved, therefore that in the estimation of this meeting the inflexible fidelity and wise discretion with which JAMES BUCHANAN of Pennsylvania has discharged high and vast public duties—in the Cabinet, in the Senate, at home and abroad—his zealous exertions for the advancement ..thp , welfare, glory and renown of the publie Oflnd his love for the Con stitution and Union ofth - ese States, commend him to the confidence, : respect, and affection of the American people ; and that we cordially unite with the Democracy of his native State in presenting him as the candidate of that par ty for the highest public office upon earth— the Presidency of these United States. RES.. Theo Legislature will adjourn sine die an Tuesday next. MEMOIR 07 TEM= lIIMEZILMULN, OF PidersnrAyia. • Adopted and published'by order of the Democratic State Central Committee of Pennsylvania. The re=on of our men constitutes an im portant tin the his toryf our cauntry. It cannot be too far above reproach. The example of an upright, statesman during his lifetime, Is a source of pride and power to his countrymen, and a consoling and purifying remem brance a ft er he ha s been gathered to his fathers. In James Buchanan we find a character without suspicion or stain. During forty years of active and almost constant service In high political poeitima, he has maintained the tame tranquil deportment, the same scrupulous regard fertile truth, the same dignified avoidance of corrupt compliances and com binations The posterity of the friends among whom he spent his youth, are living around him; and the prophecies of those, who saw the promise of his early years, are re called by their descendant., who rejoice in the maturity of his intellect, the sagacity of his statesmanship, and the long list of his public and private virtues, as the abundant fulfilment of the predictions of their fathers. Personal ma lignity has never yet inflicted dishonor upon his good name. Slander, exhaustless in its resources, and unslee pin g in its vengeance, has failed in every attempt against h Men contemplate Mr. Buchanan, at this day, not as one whom envy and wrong have persecuted, but as a great public character, who has passed through the fiery furnace without the smell of smoke upon his garments, and who "tends out ready to submit to the test of any scrutiny into ha conduct as a citizen anda statesman. The day has come which is to prove that such talents as his, such experience, such integrity, such fixed habits of wise forecast, are essen tial to the great destiny for which he seems to have been reserved by his countrymen, who always demand the high est qualities of statesmanship in the highest position In their gift. Where, Indeed, Is there to be found a thing public man who presents so exemplary and so consistenta record, running through no many years 1 Even among these who have departed the scene of human action, there were few who could point to a more unbroken series of ser vices In defence of great principles. If we look down the gallery of the long gpne past, and take up the portraits of the great actors of other days, how comparatively few there are who exhibited In their lives and in their works a more conscientious and high-sealed devotion to the doctrines of the Federal Constitution, and to the rights of the States of the American Union. The course of Mr. Buchanan has been neither erratic nor irregular; It has harmonized with the Purest examples of the past and the present, and with all those saving doctrines which he has devotedly practised and defended; and whether in the House or In the Senate of the American Congress, whether immersed in foreign relations, whether at the head of the most important de partment of the government under the memorable Admin istration of Polk, or whether reposing in the calm seclusion of his own home, his well-balanced Intellect and hispatri ode devotion to the Union, have always been displayed at the right moment, and with the most striking effect.— Progranve not in the spirit of lawlessness, but In harmony with the steady advance of our Institutions on this conti nent, and our example among the nations of the earth; conservative not in veneration for antiquated abuses, but In sacred regard for rights which cannot be violated without destroying the fundamental law; he fails In no single ele ment of public usefulness, political orthodoxy, or personal character Such Is the impression made upon those who study the history, public and private, of James Buchman; such the conclusive answer which the open and spotless volume of his career makes to all who have conceived it necessary to attack his eminent deservings and his lofty capacities. Sir. Buchanan is In the sixty-fifth year of his age, and in the vigor of health, Intellectually and physically. He woe born in the County of Franklin, In the State of Pennsyl vania, of honest and industrious parents, and may truly be called the architect of his OTtn fortunes. Having received a good education, he studied the profession of the law, In the County of Lancaster, in the same State, which has over since been his home. In 1814 and 1816 he was elected to the State Legislature, where he distinguished himself by those exhibitions of intellect which gave promise of future eminence. In his profession, during many succeeding years, he rose to the highest class of legal minds,, and at a period when Pennsylvania could boa of her Baldwin", her Gibsons, her nooses, her Duncang her Breckenridgee, her Tllghmans, her Ilopkinses, her Jenkinses, her Datlases, and her Semple', he was prepared for the struggles of the future, and soon became conspicu ous those who had tut few equals In their own times, and whose fame is still cherished among our most Agreeable recollections. At this day, after more than half a century's Intercourse as man and boy with the people of his own immediate dis trict, and with the people of Pennsylvania; after having figured prominently in the conflicts of parties; after having shared the confidence of successive Democratic administra tions; after having contributed his energies to the over throw of political heresies without number, he might leave his cue to thousands and tens of thousands, who have at various times antagonized his opinions, but now, with the . annals of his life before them, stand ready to pay their tribute to his consistency and to his integrity as a public man, by uniting with hie political friends in placing him in the Presidential chair! What nobler monument could be raised in commemoration of any American patriot?— What more significant refutation of all the accusations of heated party combatants? What more conclusive proof could be given to the nation at large of the fitness and merits of a statesman who, after such a lifetime, finds his indorsers in the hearts of the people among whom he has always lived, and his warmest supporters among men who have fur more than forty years stood in opposition to his opinions? It is said that the grave covers all, that malignity halts at the portals of the tomb, and that from its peaceful bosom spring flowers of reconciliation and forgetfulness of all evil passions. Those who now mourn over the humble yet Im mortal grave of Jackson rarely think of the calumnies which pursued him like so many unsleeping furies during his lifetime. In the universal homage paid to his memory, which rises forever like incense to the skies, how Seldom we metal the bitter epithets with which he was attacked daring his illustrious career! And yet that he was attack ed, and that he was persecuted almost beyond parallel, is so. But he outlived detraction, and long before he passed to his final account, moat of his enemies were translated into friends. We may say of James Buchanan ' that, altho' still in the strength of public usefulness, he too has out lived detraction, and that the echoes of slander which sound up from the deep oblivion to which the accusations upon his character have been consigned, fall faintly upon the ear of the present generation. In tho long catalogue of hls public services and private virtues, we lose sight of the false charge of the personal foe, in the luminous and splendid aggregate of the patriotic character which he would impugn! In 1820, James Buchanan was elected to the House of Representatives, and retained his position in that body for ten years, voluntarily retiring after the first Congress under the administration of Andrew Jackson. He was the warm and ardent defender of the Administration of Mr. Monroe, the active opponent of the ad:Mullah:Motion of John Quincy Adams, and the consistent and trusted friend of Andrew Jackson. The proceedings show that while he retained a seat in the popular branch of Congress. he took a prominent part in all the debates upon great public questions. As early as 1815, lie entertained opinions hostile to the constitution ality of the Bank of the United States, and tin the fierce struggles which ensued upon the election of the hero of New Orleans, lie was a distinguished champion of the Dem ocratic party. Probably the most interesting part of Mr. Buchanan's history, was his early and effective support of General Jack son for the Presidency. Ile was one of the first advocates of the hem of New Orleans. More than thirty years ago, as a member of the House of Representatives of the United States, he was recognized as among the the most active and devoted friends of Jackson. Distinguished for his eloquence and his judgment, even in that period of his life, lie con tributed greatly to produce the state of feeling which after wards put General Jackson forward as the Democratic can didate, Pennsylvania taking the lead. Before the House of Representatives of the United States proceeded to elect a President (the people having failed, in 1824, to make a choice) 51r. Buchanan opposed, with indignant eloquence, the motion to sit with closed doors while that duty was being discharged by the representatives of the American people. lie sold February 2,1825: ulie protested against going into a secret conclave, when the House should decide this all-important question. "What are the consequences," said Mr. 8., "which will result from closing the doors of the galleries? We should impart to the election an air of mystery. We should give exercise to the imaginations of the multitude, in conjec turing what scenes are enacted within this hall. Busy rumor, with her hundred tongues, will circulate reports of wicked combinations and corruptions, which have no ex istence. Let the people see what we are doing. Let them know that it is neither more nor less than putting uur ballots into the boxes, and they will soon become satisfied with the spectacle and retire." When the memorable struggle of 1828 came on, Mr. Bu chanan was prominent in the contest. Indeed, he was so conspicuous that the opponents of Jackson bestowed a full share of the bitterness reserved for the old hero upon his effi cient and faithful friend. Mr. Buchanan came into the House of Representatives for the last time in 1820. It was during this session that ho displayed those eminent qualities which proved him to be one of the ablest constitutional lawyers in the country; and in a body of which such statesman as 31cDuf5e, Wickliffe, and others we members, Mr. Buch anan was selected as Chairman of the Committee of the Judiciary, a duty for which he had been well prepared in the debates which had taken place in former sessions, be tween Mr. Clay, Mr. Calhoun Mr. Lowndes, Mr. Randolph, Mr. Buchanan himslf, and othersi equally eminent. When the celebrated case of Judge Peck, of Missouri, came up before the House ' Mr. Buchanan was the leading spirit in conducting the impeachment of that functionary. The, House of Representatives, having heard the able arguments on both sides, decided to present to the Senate articles of im peachment against Judge Peck, and they elected by ballot, May 30, 1830, five managers to conduct the impeachment on the part of the House. They were, James Buchanan, of Pennsylvania, Henry R. Storrs, of New York, George McDufile, of South Carolina, Ambrose Spencer, of New York, and Charles Wickliffe, of Kentucky. The display before the Senate on that celebrated trial, forms a moat instructive page In history. Messrs. William Wirt and Jonathan 31er edith appeased for Judge Peck, and on the part of the man agers, Mr. Buchanan closed the argument in a speech of great length and profound ability and research. It is Still quoted as one of the most masterly expositions of constitu tional law ou the public records. After retiring from Congress in 1831, he received from General Jackson, unsolicited, the tender of the mission to Russia. He accepted that mission. How he discharged its grave duties, the archives of the legation and of the State Department will show. Amonhg other acts, he ren dered the country important and valuable services, by ne gotiating the that commercial treaty between the U. States and Russia, which secured to our commerce the ports of the Baltic and Black Sea, and insured to ns a valuable and continually increasing trade. What reputation he left be hind him, those who succeeded him are willing to attest. The chaste and manly tribute to his splendid abilities, at St. Petersburg, paid during the proceedings of the Conven tion, which assembled on the 4th of March, 18513, by his immediate successor in the American legation, at that court, the Hon. William Wilkins, shows something of the habits and capacities of Mr. Buchanan. Shortly after Mr. Buchanan's return from the Russian mission the Democrats in the Legislature of Pennsylvania made him their candidate for the United States Senate, and elected him. He remained in the Senate from the Bth of December, 1831, until his resignation, March 3d, 1845, having been twice reelected during that period of time.— It is not necessary to recapitulate the distinguished servi ces rendered by our great statesman, in the highest legis lative body on earth, so well and so widely are they remem bered. In the debate on the admission of Arkansas and Michigan; in his opposition to the designs of the abolition lath in his resistance and exposure of the schemes of the Bank of the United States, after it had been transferred to Pennsylvania, as a vast political monied monopoly; in his opposition to a profuse expenditure of the public revenue, for the creation of an unnecessary public debt; a govern ment bank of discount, circulation and deposit, under the British name of Exchequer; a substitution of paper money for the constitutional currency of silver and gold; the sur render of 3PLeod upon the Insulting. demand of England; the unjust distribution of the public revenue, to the Stater, of this Confederation; in his courageous hostility to special legislation, no matter how concealed; he co-operated with Wright, Woodbury, Benton, King, Linn, and other leading Democrats of that day. As Chairman of tfi3 Committee on Foreign Relations, during a series of years, in the Senate of the United States, he sustained the honor of the nation, by his unanswerable demonstration of the right of each State to punish a foreign murderer, who, in time of peace, kills an American citizen upon its own soil. Ills masterly expositions of our unquestionable title to the Northeast boundary line, were upheld by the decisions of Congress, and he won high honor for his opposition to a treaty which gave a large portion of the American territory to a foreign government. He was the advocate of a liberal and enlight ened policy in regard to the public lands. During the memorable extra session of one hundred days, when the opponents of the Democracy, in the Senate of the United States, had resolved to push through a series of high federal measures, beginning with the Bank of the United States, and ending with the bankrupt law, Mr. Buchanan was constantly in his seat, and was frequently put forward as the leader of his party, in certain trying emergencies.— An early and a fervent advocate of the annexation of Texas, ho signalized his career in that body by giving his views on that important question to his countrymen, in a speech of unsurpassed ability and power. It is hardly necessary to go over Mr. Buchanan's record, to show bow true he has been on all those great questions involving the rights of the States and the rights of the cit izens of this States. On those delicate questions which iciest so many Northern men, and which lost to the Democratic party of the country some of its most prominent leaders, who would not follow Ilia doctrine of State rights to its.just and logical conclusion, Mr. Buchanan was found women. ing and decided. In the exciting debate during theron grew; of 1836, on the subject of simulating incendiary deers.. merits through the mails of the United States, Mr. Buch-' amen spoke repeatedly in support of the Message of Mr. Van Buren, demanding the interference of the National Logi*. lathre to prevent the ,dissemination of appeals among the slaves of the South to rise in servile insurrection against the people of that quarter of the country; and on the quest riot% of the abolition of slavery In the Pistriot of Columbia, Mr. Buchanan used the following emphatic language: "What is now asked by these memorielists? That in this District of tSn miles square—a District carved ant of two slaveholding States, and sorremoded. by them on all sides, slavery shell be abolished i What would be the effect of grauting their request 1 Yon would thus erect s citadel in -the vary hearts of these State:tampon a territory which they have ceded to you for a far different purpose, Bum trbkh Abolitionists and ineendlariosconld securelyattiek the peace and safety of their citizens. You establish a spot within the slaveholding States which - would be a city of refuge far 'runaway slaves. You create by law ;sr:antral point fr.= which trains of gunpowder may be securely laid, extending into the surrounding States, which may at any- moment PrOduee a fearful and destructive explosion. By passing such a law, you Introduce the enemy into the very bosom of these two States, and afford him every Opportunity to produce a servile insurrection. Is there any reasonable man who can for one moment suppose that Virginia and Maryland would have ceded the District of Columbia to the United States, It they had entertained the slightest idea that Congress would ever use it for any such purpose?— They ceded it for your use, for your convenience, and not for their own destruction. When slavery ceases to exist under the laws of Virginia and Maryland, then, and not till then, ought it to be abolished in the District of Colum bia." , When, at the same session of Congress, the two bill, were reported, admitting the territories of Michigan and Arkan sas as States into the American Union, Mr. Buchanan was selected as the Northern Senator who should present the bill admitting Arkaneas, and advocate it before the Senate, which he did with signal ability, and Mr. Benton was chosen as the Southern Senator who was to present and advocate the bill admitting Michigan into the Union-- Daring the exciting debittes on these Issues, Mr. Buchanan spoke repeatedly. lie took the broad ground that the people of the territory, having formed a Republican Constitution, after the model of the other States, could be and should be admitted into the Union irreepective of slavery, and that Congress should not interfere to prevent their admiration for any such reason as is now urged against the admission of Kansas. It was during the debate on the admission of Michigan that he used these memorable words, on the first of Aura, 1836, In his place as a Senator from Pennsylvania: "The older I prow, the morel am inclined to be what is called to State rights' man. the peace and security of this Union depend upon giving to the Coast-nation & literal and fair construction, such as would be placed upon it by a plain, intelligent man, and not by ingenious constructions, to increase the powers of this government,-and thereby diminish those of the States. The rights of the States, re served to them by that instrument, ought ever to be held sacred. If, then, the Constitution leaves to them to decide according to their own discretion, unrestricted and unlim ited, who shall be electors, it follows as a necessary conse quence that they may, if they think proper, confer upon resident aliens the right of voting." Ac., dm. And at the same time in the very same speech from which the above Is copied , made the following eloquent allusion to the adopted citizens : "The territory ceded by Virginia to the United States, was sufficiently extensive for an immense empire. The parties to this compel of maim contemplated that it would form five sovereign States of this Union. At that early period, we had just emerged from our revolutionary struggle, and none of the jealousy wee then felt against foreigners, and particularly against Irish foreigners, which now appears to haunt some gentlemen. There had then been no attempts niade to get up a Native American party In this country. The blood of the gallant Irish had flowed freely upon every battle-field in defence of the liberties which we now enjoy. Besides, the Senate *ill well recol lect that the ordinance was passed before the adoption of our present Constitution, and whilst the power of natural ization remained with the several -- States. In some, and perhaps in all of them, it required so short a residence, and so little trouble to be changed front an alien to a citizen, that the process could he performed without the least diffi culty. I repeat that no jealousy whatever then existed against foreigners." After the splendid campaign of 141, which resulted in the election of Mr. Polk, to which result Pennsylvania, led by "James Buchanan, contributed her electoral vote, the President elect, casting his eye over the long roll of Democratic statesmen then living, weighing the claims and qualifications of each and all, profoundly sensible of thk exciting questions which must come up for adjustment during his administration, and after consulting the vener able sage then in tho sunset of life in the shades of the Hermitage, invited Mr. Buchanan to accept the portfolio of the State department, the head of his cabinet; and In 1845, Mr. Buchanan resigned his seat in the Senate (to which he had only lately.been.re erlected,) and became Se cretary of State, under President Polk. Nor is It necessa ry that we should recapitulate his services in that depart ment. They are fresh and familiar in all minds. His ar gument in favor of the clear and unquestionable title of the American people, to all Oregon, won for him the ap plause of the whole liberal world, and was published in several languages in Europe. The State papers on other great questions, proceeding from his pen during the four years he remained In the department of State; were so ma ny contributions to the column which celebrates his emi nent fitness, and his unsullied integrity. When the {Vll mot Proviso was introduced into Congress, It was James Buchanan who at once denounced, and exposed and rallied the Democracy against it. It was during the administration of Mr. Polk, that Mr. Buchanan, in his letter to the Democracy of Berks county, Pa., first recommended to the North and the South, that the Missouri line should be extended to the Pacific, and that this should be made the basis of a final settlement of the slavery question in the territories. The war with Mex ico, consequent on the annexation of Texas, gave us a vast empire in addition to the area which constitutes our be loved Union, and In the arguments growing out of the ao quiration of California, Mr. Buchanan labored earnestly and effectively on the side of progress. Mr. Buchanan's letter on this subject is of record, and speaks for itself. It is easy to recall the vituperotioewhich his proposition to extend the Missouri line called forth from the fanatics of the North, from those, who now clamor for Its restora tion, and who in insane forgetfulness of their hostility to it a few years ago, eet themselves up as its peculiar cham pions. Mr. Buchanan's recommendation of an extension of the Missouri line was far in advance of public sentiment. It was halled'in the South by all parties as au exhibition of firmness only too rare among Northern Ina.; and It was appreciated by the truly national men of the free States. Would it not be strangely unjust, if this proposal of Mr. Buchanan should now be cited to prove him unsound upon existing issues ? The spirit which actuated Mr. Bu chanau in 1847, when he wrote his letter recommending the extension of tho Missouri line, was to promote harmo ny among the States of this Union, by recognizing the principle of equality among the Mates, In regard to the common territories of the people: and now, when the Mis souri line has been superseded by another plan of settle- ment, the Nebraska-Kansas Act, based upon the same sen timent of State equality, all patriotic men will cheerfully abide by and vigilantly maintain it against the inroads of that abolition fusion which once more threatens to assail the constitutional rights of the South. The country will find, among Its public mon, no truer or firmer advocate and debater of that great principle of popular sovereignty, as embodied in the Nebraska bill, than James Buchanan. Mr. Buchanan remained in connexion with3lr. Polk's ad ministration until March 411,, 1847, when he once more re turned to Pennsylvania, and from that porial up to the election of the present enlightened Chief Magistrate, he engaged himself in pursuits congenial to a statesman of large and extended experience. The conflict between the enemies of the Constitution and the Democracy, did not find him an idle spectator. He was in the fore front of the Democratic party, demanding for the South no hollow and hypocritical platform, bnt a broad, radical, distinct re cognition of those rights, which cannot be equal, unless. they are shared honestly and fairly between the people of all sections of the Union. Everywhere, the Democracy of his State felt and followed his wise and patriotic counsels. When he emerged from his quiet home, it was to demand the recognition of all the guarantees of the Constitution to all the States. His letters and speeches in favor of the en forcement of the fugitive slave law—in favor of the repeal of the laws of Pennsylvania, enacted for the purpose of de pitying the Southern cithien of the use of our jails for the safeekeeping of his fugitives, and his appeals to the Demos racy of the State never to yield to sectionalism, conclusive ly show that he had not forgotten his duty to great princi ples, and that his attention was constantly fixed upon the Importance of discharging that obligation. Ile was as vig ilant in his duties as a private in the ranks of the people, as he was prominent as a counsellor in the Cabinet and as a Representative and a Senator in Congress. During the Presidential contest in 1862, Mr, Buchanan stood in the van of the Democratic ranks. The following remarkable passages from his speech delivered to a mass meeting of the Democracy of Western Pennsylvania, on the 7th of October, 1852, at Greensburg, Westmoreland county, are so characteristic of the man and his opinions, that we do not hesitate to copy them. Remember that, at no time, did he ever yield a jot or tittle to sectionalism.— lie was against it instinctively, and from the start. 11e said:— "Froin my soul, I abhor the practice of mingling up re ligion with politics. The doctrine of all our Constitutions, both Federal and State, ispthat every man has an inde feasible right to worship his God according to the dictates of his own conscience. Ito is both a bigot and a tyrant, who would interfere with that sacred right. When a can didate is before the people for office, the inquiry ought never to be made, what form of religious faith he possesses; but only, in the language of Mr. Jefferson, ' Is he honest, is he capable k' " ' Democratic Americans!' What a name fora Native American party! When all the records of our put history prove that American Democrats have ever opened wide their arms to receive foreigners flying from oppression in their native land, and have always bestowed upon them the rights of American citizens, after a brief period of resi dence in this oountry. 'lhe Democratic party have always gloried in this policy, and its fruits have been to Increase our population and our power, with unexampled rapidity, and to furnish our country with vast numbers of industri ous, patriotic and 'useful citizens. Surely the name of Democratic Americans' was an unfortunate designation for the Native American party. "The Native American party, an 'American excellence,' and the glory of its foundership, belongs to George Wash ington! No, fellow citizens, the American people will rise up with ono accord to vindicate the memory of that illustrious man from such an imputation. Al long as the recent memory of our revolutionary struggle remained vi. vidly impressed on the hearts of our countrymen, no such party could have ever existed. The recollection of Mont gomery, La Fayette, De Kalb, Kosciusco, and a long list of foreigners, both officers and soldiers who freely shed their blood to secure our liberties, would have rendered such ingratitude impossible. Our revolutionary army wee filled with the brave and patriotic natives of their lands; and George Washington was their commander-in-chief. Would he have ever closed the door against the admission of for eigners to the rights of American citizens? Let his acts speak for themselves. So early as the 20th of March, 1790, General Washington as President of the United Statue, ap proved the first law which ever passed Congress ou the sultlect of naturalization; and this only required a reel. dance of two years, previous to the adoption of a feraigner as an American citizen. On the 29th of January, 1795, the term of residence waaextonded by Congress to live years, and thus it remained throughout General Washington's Administration, and until the accession of John Adams to the Presidency. In his administration, which will ever be known in history as the reign of terror, as the era of alien and sedttion laws, an Act was passed on the 18th of June, 1798, which prohibited any toreigner from becoming a cit izen until after a residence of fourteen years, and this is the law, or else, perpetual exclusion, which General Scott preferred, and which the Native American party now de sire to restore. The Presidential election of 1800 secured the ascenden cy of the Democratic party, and under the Administration of Thomas Jefferson, its great apostle, on the 14th of April, 1802, the term of residence previous to naturalization, was restored to live years, what it had been under General Washington, and where it has ever since remained. No, fellow-citizens, the Father of his Country was never a Na tive American. This 'American excellence' never belonged to him. The Fugitive Slave Law.ie all the South has obtained in this compremise of 1850. It lea law founded both upon the letter and the spirit of the Constitution, and a similar law has existed on our statute books ever since the Ad ministration of den. Washington. Illstory teaches us that but for the provision in favor of fugitive slaves, our present Constitution never would have existed. Think ye that the South will ever tamely surrender the fugitive slave law to Northern fanatics and Abolitionists. "And now, fellow citizens, what a glorious party the Democratic party has ever been! Man is but the being of a summer's day, whilst principles are eternal. The gener ations of mortale f oue after the other rise and sink, and are forgotten, but the principles of Democracy, which we have inherited from onr revolutionary fathers, will endure to bless mankind throughout all generations. Is there any Democrat within the sound of my voice, is there any Democrat throughout the broad limits of good and great old Democratic Pennsylvania, who will abandon these sa cred principles for the sake of following in the train of a military conquerer, and shouting for the hero of Lundy's Lane, Cerro`Gordo, and Chapultepec." And when the campaign resulted in triumph, President Pierce tendered to Mr. Buchanan the leading foreign mis sion, which was accepted. Circumstances have transpired, within the last few years, to make the American mission to the Court of St. James singularly important, and it has happened that during Mr. Buchanan's stay in London, several great questions of a vexatious and complicated character have disturbed the intercourse between the two countries. However important to both the cultivation of continued peace and good will, the fact that Great Britain sees our growing progress with jealousy and alarm, and the fact that we behold herpragmatical interference upon this Continent wherever an opportunity is presented to her, with indignation, render our relations with Great Britain of the moat delicate character. The very intimacy of our business connexions, constituting, as it does, the cord which binds us together, is apt, moreover, to come in conflict with political considerations, and the commercial attraction, so to speak, throws Into dangerous neighbor hood English ambition on the one hand and American progress on the other. It has become proverbial that the selection of a wise, able and experienced man to represent the United States at the British Court, is one of the first duties of an executive, hardly secondary to the selection of its own chief cabinet ministers because the English miss sion is always intensely important to the immediate inter este of our people. During the trying time of Mr. Buchan an's mission, the whole nation • seem to have become im pressed with the importance and Justice of these observa tions- They felt that in the Atomic-an minister they had a man upon whose safe character and wise counsels they could confidently lean. Their eyes' were constantly Axed upon him. Everystea breught news occasioning - the greatest anxiety to the and other classes. , Oa more than one occasion collhion seemed to be Inevitable, but every panic passed off. The exhibits of Mr. Buchanan, such of it as has been p exhibits on his part a vigilance, a discretion, an Industry, and at the same time a dignity of character, that havemade his name a favorite name in every section-of oar beloved Union: In the later troubles which have given rise to so much ex citement and discussion In Congresa and the country. Mr. Buchanan has towered in all the dignity of his high char acter and intellectual superiority. He will leave his post to give way to his successor, having established renewed kind relations between the two countries, and having fixed upon the haute of the English people the impress of a re publican character, which has never; for a single moment, yielded its simplicity and its truth to aristocratic blandish ments. Courted- and flattered during his stay, he studi ously abstained from paying tribute to English vanity.— In all circles, and on all rotenone, he displayed his Amer ican dignity and his American patriotism. Never gratu itously obtruding his country or her advantages, be nev er hesitated to a peak of her as one speaking of his parent; nor was he ever actuated by any spirit of offensive parthan. ship. As he came so he goes, the alas plain, untitled, un pretending American citizen- The highest classes vied with each Other to do him honor; and on a recent occasion, when the news of a threatened collision between the two countries alarmed the people of both, his presence among the populace of London was greeted with cheers, an evi dence that, however parties may Intrigue, cone honest, straightforward patriot Is sure to hold a high place in the affections of the masses. One great reason why Afr. Buchanan's name is at thhs moment so acceptable to his countrymen 1,, because he stands before them, not merely as an eminently capable, but as an eminently sale man. In the growing greatness of our republic, its increasing Importance, commercially and politically, Its extended and atending relations with other powers, not to speak of the efforts of reckless agita tors against the Constitution, and a ll the security and guarantees of our domestic s afety and tranquility, we see the evidences that such a man would be able to confer sig nal benefits upon the American people in the Presidential Chair. For the first time in many years we behold in the person of James Buchanan, a statesman who combines the rare quality of having been among the very first, in every emergency,, to take the mast progreuive view of every great question, and yet of being able to preserve, in the midst of such emergencies, the bearing, and to exercise the Influence of a sagacious and well-poised democratic statesman. It is this combination of elements which has awakened In his behalf the favorable sentiment of those classes of citizens who look for a wise and judicious Admin istration of the Federal Governmens, and which has also gathered around him the warm and generous sympathies of the constituents who cquilde in his progressive instincts, as illustrated through all his long and illustrious career. . . There Is not now to be found a reasonable man In any part of the Union, who does not believe that Mr. Suellen an's nomination would be succeeded by his certain and triumphant election. To the South he presents no record inconsistent, even In the slightest degree, with that whfch Induced the southern delegates to vote for him so long and so steadily in the Democratic Convention of 1852. Now, as then, he stands forth the uncompromising enemy of their enemies; the devoted advocate of their constitutional rights. To the Northwestern States he presents the un sullied record of one who has co operated with their own pioneer representative in Congress, in opening up our now territories to commerce and civilization. The Northern or Eastern States know him as the champion of their rights when these we e sacrificed to British rapacity. While in the Middle States, it may be proudly said of Mr. Buchanan, with no disrespect to other candidates, that he is this day regarded as the very strongest man whom the Democratic party could nominate for the Presidency. The divided household of our political friends in New York would, we believe, find in his name, the olive branch of harmony and peace; the Democrats of Ohio would, under his banner, advance to that victory which their patriotic efforts so well deserve; and Pennsylvania, standing between these two gigantic States, would pronounce for such a candidate, with such a majority as would recall the days when these three Commonwealths constituted the very fortress of the Democratic party in the free States. During Mr. Buchanan's absence of nearly three years, while politics raged at home, he proudly abstained from interfering with the struggle for the Presidential succes sion. Prom the time be set foot on English aoll,,he wrote back to his friends, that in no contingency would he place himself in the field as a candidate for the Presidency.— There was nothing. of grief In this resolve, nothing of disappointed ambition. It was the calm and deliberate judgment of a mind, which, having looked carefully over the political past and future, had come to the conclusion that the day for the scramble for Presidential honors had passed away, at least with him, and that he was determin ed to apply himself to other pursuits. We assert, that, if every private letter, written from Louden since his absence by James Buohanan, in the unsuspecting confidence of his heart, should now be published, and laid before the Amer ican people, there would not be found one line, no, not one syllable, manifesting a desire for the nomination of the Democratic Convention, or suggesting any way by which it might be obtained by himself. Even since he has become formidable as a candidate, his letters are animated by the same generous spirit. And the very fact, that he has ta. ken this course, from a conscientious belief that it would be out of place for him to struggle for the nomination, has made him acceptable to the masses in every part of our country. Absent be is, it is true, but his image is before their eyes wherever they go. In distant lands, it is true, but his counsels have been felt as he were present among us. Contending with the giants of foreign diplomacy, it Is true, but the thoughts and the words he left behind, are hie living representatives. The people will judge of him by the record, by the even tenor of his life, by the spotless purity of his character, by his undaunted patriotism, and by the trophies with which he returns to his native shores, to be crowned, as we confidently hope, with the highest honors of the Republic. WASHINGTON CORRESPONDENCE To the Editors of tin latelligencer, dated WasaiNcrox, April 4,1856 • The approaching Presidential election Is beginning to as sume some importance, as well as discussion in the papers. I have this day seen a letter from one of the most distin guished citizens of the State of New York, no idle common place gentleman I assure you, for he has been a Senator of the U. States, besidei filling with marked ability other high and important offices in his State, which says, emphatical ly, that Mr. BUCHANAN, if nominated, will obtain the elec toral vote of New York by a large and decisive majority.— This is no idle expression from a mere politician, but the opinion of oue of the ablest men in the State of New York; and those who know him here, as well as he is known in his native State, would take his judgment on such matters before any citizen in any other State in the Union. We, therefore, think that that the Convention at Cincinnati will do well to ponder upon the second term question with due deliberation, before they compromit the democratic national party to that dangerous expedient. The Black Abolition Republicans with Messrs. P. P. Blair, Seward, Hale and Greely as file leader; are somewhat be. twoon "hawk and buzzard" in reference to their 17th June Convention, to be holden at Philadelphia. They are some what fearful they will be entrapped if they Join the Fox moan side of the question ;--and, on the other hand, if they let up for themselves with their own foetid combination, all the decency of the North and East will repudiate them and vote the Union Democratic ticket. —ln the end, the black-republicans will all come Into the support of but one ticket, but whether Mr. FILLMORE Is to be the head I ca*ot say:—but, on the day of voting all the isms will unite their efforts to defeat the democratic national nominations made at Cincinnati. This you will find will be their action and determination on the 4th of November, 1856. • The result of the election in the State of Rhode Island proves this fact without cavil. All the isms united there in one solid phalanx against the democracy, and they have succeeded by thus uniting In the election this week of all the State Officers and securing the Legislature; so that the Senate of the U. States will, after the 4th of Marsh, 1857 be deprived of the valuable services of one of the most tal! mated Senators In that body. Indeed, the industry and use fulness of den. James is not exceeded by any member of the Senate. But the isms having combined against him and he will be sacrificed to the fell spirit of Abolition Black Re publicanism, now so rife in Rhode Island, in their crusade against the Union of the States. We notice in the Pittsburg Rat, an excellent democratic journal, that Col. Win. Flinn, so recently removed from of fice in the House of Representatives by the new abolition black republican Clerk, has been appointed a Clerk in the Pension office, by the direction of the President of the U. States. We are gratified to see Col. Flinn thus restored to office, from which In the Home he was so unceremoniously removed by the Clerk, to make way for a black abolition republican. The President has performed a very acceptable service to a worthy and consistent democrat in having Col. Flinn restored to office. Yours, McFARLAND. Correspondence of the Intel ligetwer 5 Lance/tartan. WASUINCITOZ, APRIL, 11, 1356. The Slar of this city, which is somewhat of an official pa. per, spoke, on Tuesday last somewhat disparagingly of the Hun, James Buchanan. On Wednesday, however, the Ed itor took it all back, and begged distant papers that should copy his article of Tuesday, that they would publish hie denial of his own Iron's, that appeared In his paperer Wed nesday. This echo of charges against the distinguished citizen of Pennsylvania, hatched up by the N. Y. TiMeJ and other opposition papers, and echoed here by the Union and Star and afterwards denied and Mr. B. defended by these Editors, will only result in the end to the advantage of Mr. Buchanan, and secure his nominatin at Cincinnati. If the Democratic Press of the country would cease their disparaging commentaries of the leading democratic citizens of the U. States, they could and would, much better sub serve the cause of the country, and thus preserve the Integ rity of the democratic national party. • The Senate, on yesterday, spent the whole day again, In debate to admit Kansas Territory as a State into the Union, on the memorial presented by Gen. Casa Finally, however, Gan. Cass stated that, he had some doubts of the genuine. new of the paper pfeeented by him, and that he believed the paper was such an one, as should not be received by the- Senate. On motion of Mr. Mason, the order was re scinded receiving the memorial, ayes 32, nays 3. The nays were Messrs. Harlin, Sumner and Seward. Thus, She mat ter of the State of Kansas, has, been disposed of so far as the Senate is concerned. By Judge Douglas' Bill, the Territory of Kansas will come into the Union as a State so soon es the requisite population Is settled within her bor ders required by the present ratio of the House of Illepre eentatives,—which is about 94,0430 inhabitants. Messrs. Fillmere and Donelson do not meet with much favor as a national ticket. In Alabama the know-noilltlnge are drawing out from their suppbrt pretty rapid. In Geor gia and North Carolina the same move is followln3. In Ohio he has already been rejected by the dark tenter n par ty. In Wizoonsin'the know-nothings have repudiated him openly, and named Mr. Banks, the present Speaker of the House, as a much preferable candidate for the Presidency than Mr. Fillmore. It is difficult to please all parties that ere arrayed against the national democracy, yet, th ere Is not much question In the end, but, that all grades of jams will unite upon some one of the black-stripe opposition be fore the 4th of November nett. At this time, it le strong ly suspected that Judge John Bi'Lean of Ohio, will be the gentleman upon whom the total opposition will concentrate their votes. lie, it is confidently said, will accept their nomination, should another Convention speak forth his name for the purpose. Judge M'Lean,whether a know nothing or not, I cannot say, but, if nominated, the aboli tion, black republicans and abolition know-nothings will unite upon him toe Man In all the abolition States. How he will fare with the democratic voters in the States of the north and east, the recent elections in Maine, New-Hamp shire, (Sonnet-tient and Rhode Island, prove pretty conclu sively that he can easily be defeated even in the above states. The people of New-England are getting their eyes opened pretty fast, as to the designs of the abolition party, in dissolving the Union of these States, consequently, the rally recently made In the above States prove, that, they are, when not misled, governed by correct principles, and will follow in the future in the discomfiture of the enesnies of the Union, no matter who may lead on, as the champion of the combined opposition against the welfare and the unity and prosperity of this Union. Quite a large number of the political newspapers of Ala shams, have hoisted the name of Senator WISPAATICK of Alabama, for the. Vim Presidency, subject to the decision of the Cincinnati Convention. Gov. Fitzpatrick is as good a democrat as any In the Senate of the United States, and should the Convention at Cincinnati think proper to place his name in nomination, for the second office of the coun try, the democraticperty will willingly extend toGovernor Fitzpatrick a united and cordial support thronght the States and a triumphant election. Whoever shall bi the nomi nees et Cincinnati, by the Democratic party we shall ex pact to see them elected by a sweeping major ity. Yours, MiIFARLAND. ST. LOVIS CORRESPONDENCE. Median today—Fare in Gakua aud Napaluni—Sitandval Sauk—Wedern Atrairs4Fiarisare and -a—Buchan an dock in lowa and Af4souri—ifartuts, &a- ST. Lams, April 7,185 a. - The weather has at last presented some signs of Spring. , The past week. Ins been delightfully pleasant The Spring ,trade has now fairly commenced, and business, business le the word with almost eery man one meets. Tha woe Poets are that a much Luger badness will be done In St. Linda this season than in any previous one. • All the rivers are now open and in good navigable condition, and the re ceipts of produce are beginning to come forward quite rap idly. The produce market is showing some signs of an improvement, and large buyers and tellers are daily Inds market. Flour sails from $0 to $lO per bbl as in quality, whoat from $l,OO to $1,30; corn is now scarce in this mar ket, but thotunsuls of bushels will be pouring in upon um in a very short tlme-30 to 354 is the price paid for it, here; tate 30 to 32c; pork 114 per bbl.; Whiskey 21c potatoes 80c per bushel. According to promise, I herewith give tha nres of the season's pork puking operations Excess of hogs this season over last in number.. In weight, at 8 per cent Total 653,904 This excess is not considered of sotllcient Importanee ma terially to affect prices, when the total "clearing out" of the old stock at the commencement of the season, the demand from abroad, and the increased cm:women at home are taken Into consideration. There is no local news worthy of note—all seems to be absorbed In politico. To-day our municipal election takes Place; so far all is quiet. There seems to be but one opin ion as to the result—which is, that if the election views off quietly, and no riot or disturbance occurs at the polls, the Democracy will sweep the city—thebnly chance, there fore, for the K. Ns. to carry the day, is by riot and blood shed. The new city limits vote' this time, and there Is no predicting the numbei of votes that will be polled, or who those votes will be given to. Nearly every night daring the past week, large meetings were held in different parts of the city by both parties. The issue Is between the De. mocrucy on the one side, and Know-Nothingisru on the other—this is the only question involved—shall Know- Nothingism or Democracy rule—the setting of today's sun will decide the question. In Sprlngfield,llls., the municipal election on Tuesday last resulted in the success of the Democratic . uominees for every office, against the fusion and lemur of the day. Quite a destructive fire occurred at Napoleon, Ark., on the 26th ult destroying property to the amount of $160,000. The fire originated by lightning. The city of Galena, Ills., has suffered from firo—property to the amount of fg.*o,ooo was consumniL This fire occur red in the business part of the townisud is a serious loss to Galena. Lane numbers of foreigner's have been naturalised in the different Courts in the past week. Three hundred extra police are on duty to-day, and it Is to be hoped no disturbance will arise at the polls. The new and aplendid steamer A. B. Chambers, bound for this port, sunk in the Missouri river a few days since.— The boat ill supposed to be a total lons—sbe wee valued at 550,500 and insured for 525,000. No lives were lost. but several nasiow escapee wore made. Borah Ilaycraft, tried and convicted of the murder of one Hudson, and sentenced to be bung on the Iltb lust., ub tattled a commutation of sentence from the Governor to 25 years In the Penitentiary. Col. Wood, a second Basuurn, hue now on exhibition In this city his living curiosities---the Giantess and bearded woman. Niles Riles Logan nod Conidock are playing in this city. The tan! bowled debt of tho city of St Louis Is $4,922,396. The widow of the late B. F. Brand has inatlnuted suit against Robert MoU'Bleols in the sum of $20,000. It Is no doubt remembered Ly your readers that O'Blents shot sod killed Britud, then Deputy County Marshal, about a year eines. U meals was tried for Murder and assessed ton years Is the peuiteutiary, but through - the cunning of his coun sel appeal.] to the Supremo Court, and the prisoner was released on bail In the sum of $40,0tX,. No' further action has yet been taken and O'Bienin Is at large. Ile Is consid ered very wealthy, hence the May. Jackson, the murderer of Laidlays, who was tried and acquitted by a jury, (who it is said was bribed) Is sow fol lowing the "butchering" business and selling meat In this this city. A bill to extend the tight ,f suffrage to colored citizens has been tort In the Wlsoonsin Senate by a vote of 18 to 6! This State Is claimed to bo strongly "Black Republican," but when the negro worshippers are railed upon to show their sympathy and extend the band of fellowship, they are like the Irishman's II ea--"when its put his hand upon him, ho was'nt there!" The territory of 31 innesohi Is rapidly filling up, and that, too, with some of the most industrious mechanics and farmers of tho country. St. Paul Is now quite a city, and Is said to be the moat fashionablo place on the upper Ills sisslpr,i. Some Idea may be formed of the town by the Post office receipts—there are on an average 800 letters mailed daily, and on Mondays, when the Eastern mail karma, about 800. Minnesota will soon be knocking at the door for admission. A great'sale of negroes recently took place In'Tennessee. The Executor of the estate of Montgomery Bell, sold 130 negroes belonging to said estate, for the sum of 100,105—an average for each of $780,18. 25 of the negroes were under s'years old ; 23 over 5 and under 10; It over ten and under 20; 13 over 20 and under 90; 12 over 30 and under 60; 16 over 40 and under 50; and 12 wore 50 years old and up wards. Several of them were diseased, and some of them cripples. MaJ. Bell bought 48 at an average price of $l,- 056,14. In some parts of Illinois the Prospects of the peach crop is much better than at ono time supposed. In Southern Illi nois it Is said thebuds have not been injured by the frost In the least, and that the crop will bo an abundant one; but In Northern Illinois the buds are supposed to be all killed. Accounts from all sections of the West of the grow ing grain are very flattering, and anothor crop, like the last, is promised. Benj. F. Herr, of the Cape Girardeau Eagle, has raised the names of Fillmore and Donelson to the mast head of the Eagle. He, as many others already have done, after mature consideration, will haul down his colors ere the struggle is fought. Where you find the names of Fillmore and Doubloon adorning the editorial head of one Whig pa per, you will see ten of the advocates - of Whiggery, denounc ing the nominations in no measured terms. The Whig party proper repudiate the Philadelphia Convention, and can never make up their minds to support Mr. Fill,more whilst sailing under the flag of the Dark Lantern Order. He has ventured upon a boundless political sea, without the proper compass; or in other word., he has gone too far for his own good—so far that his most steadfast fri ends and admirers cannot venture; they would follow him to any depth with the old whig banner floating over him, but when he forgets his former friends, turns recreant to his former professions, and connects himself with a "band of brothers," whose aim is to disfranchise, persecute and de nounce the religious opinions of our adopted citizens, they can no longer follow their former 'leader to their own final overthrow. This is the view the old line Whigh takauf the matter, and all seem to think Mr. Fillmore will not accept the nomination tendered him. Andrew Jackson Donelson . will set men against Fillmore, who, with some other,man as Vies President, would have given him a hearty support. Donelson will be the means of securing to the Democratic party hundreds of votes—for the people of the South, of all political parties, despise a renegade, and more particularly. one who professed to bee second "Jackson." The spirit of "Old Hickory" haunts him at night--stares him full in the face in daylight, and continually whispers In his ear "by the eternal, I know you for a traitor:" The Democratic party is growing in strength every day, and every day presents new indications of the high estima tion in which the "Pennsylvania statesman" in held by the friends of the Union and the Constitution The Elsie gates to the National Convention from lowa are unanimous for Buchanan, and the Dubuque Express says Mr. Buchan an is unquestionably the choice of the Democracy of lowa —with him, lowa, the Country and the Constitution is safe. The iloward County (Mo.) Bonner ralais the name of James Buchanan to its mast head, cud in an able and well timed article, presses the claimant Its lint choice upon the National Conaention . It is now believed that Mr. Buchanan will tee nominated on the first ballot, and for the take of the Democratic party and the country It is to be hoped the Convention will see the propriety of uniting upon such a tower of strength and presenting such a man before the people. Re- The proposition to sell the Main Line of our Public Works is:exciting considerable feeling, and so far as we can judge of public sentiment on the subject throughout the Com monwealth, it is daily more and more in op position to a sale to any parties, at anything like the price mentioned, namely $7,500,000. Indeed, the feeling is manifestly in favor of the State's retaining them in her own con trol. The Pittsburg Gazelle characterizes the proposition of the Sunbury and Erie Railroad Company, to buy the tax on tonnage passing over the Pennsylvania Railroad with the Main Line at seven and a half millions of dollars, as the " coolest yet made." That paper says : " The tonnage tax will this year yield at least slBo,ooo—the interest at 6 per cent, of $3,000,- 000, 'and it is steadily increasing. The Co lumbia road, alone, is worth $5,000,000. Here, then, are two items, worth, $8,000,900, (and yielding to the State considerably more than 6 per cent. on that sum,) which the State is asked to sell for $7,500,000 and throw in the Canal and Portage road to boot, the latter being worth "$2,000,000. This is the last scheme of plunder. What next ?"—Public Ledger. SICK or KNOW - NOTMENGIBM.—The Louisville Courier, edited by 'Walter Haldeman, Esq., formerly a Whig, but more recently a Know- Nothing, has repudiated that party. Hear him: " The next election will SEAL THE DOOM OF KNOW-NOTHINGEISM IN KENTUCKY. Thousands of Whigs„soho voted tie Know-Noth ing ticket last August, are now utterly disgusted with the party, and will work with a will at the next election to sei mre its defeat. Within the last five months yeah changes have been gOing on as to leave not the slightest doubt as to what will be the position of our noble State in the next conictst." CITY AND COVNTY ITEMS. Glum Sroax.—On Saturday evening last, about 9% o'clock, this City and vicinity was visited with a terrific hurricane, which did an immense amount of dam. age to property in the few minutes which it lasted in pass ing over. The principal sufferer In this City, is our friend, CHARLES M. Howitt, Esq. HL extensive Marble Slops in North Queen street bad their roofs taken off, and the walls so much shattered as to render a nvisuilding of the whole concern necessary. A number of pieces of finished marble work were completely ruined. Mr. H:s loss, things considered, will not fall short of $1,600. The spire and balls of the cupola of the First Presbyterian Church, in East Orange street, were blown down, and the cupola itself so much injured as to probably make a re-building of the same necessary. Mr. Harbaugh'sGerman Reformed Church also suffered slightly. :Three of Mr. Examples new build ings in the northern part of the City were unroofed; so also one of the buildings at the Locomotive Works, The Steam Flour Mill of the Messrs. Hillier was also injured, and several other buildings in various parts of the city. The storm was also severe In many parts of the County —unroofing barns and other buildings, destroying fences, stacks of grain, de., dm. The York Furnace Bridge across the Susquehanna, a few miles belois Safe Harbor, was partly desteoyed, four of the spans at the north end being entirely carried away, leaving nothing but the piers standing. Such a violent and destructive hurricane we have never witnessed. Fortunately it was of but short duration. Had it lasted a few minutes longer, the destruction of property in town and country would have been incalculable. ANNITERSARIES.—The second Anniversary of the Lancaster Female Collegiate Institute, Rev. Locke, Principal, took place at Fulton Hall, on Monday evening week. The hall was crowded to overflowing, by a highly intelligent and respectable audience, nearly three. fourths of which was composed of the "fair sex." The ex ercises were exceedingly interesting, and the young ladies reflected great credit on their accomplished Principal, and his worthy assistants. The address of Rev. Dr. Leaman, of Cedar Grove, was able, eloquent and interesting. The 15th Anniversary of the Goethean Society of Frank lin and Marshall College, wan held In ttreame hall. on Tuesday evening lut, before a brilliant and crowded audi tory. The young gentlemen acquitted themselves hand somely, and their speeches were generally characterized by a depth of thought which would have been creditable to older and experienced public speakers. The delivery of all of them was received with hearty and enthusiastic applause from the audien et:And especially fromthe laillea,who showed their delight by the numerous boquets thrown upon the stage. The entertainment was interspersed with wine must excellent music by Heffer's Orchestra. We do out know when we spent two more pleasant evenings. MR, WHITE'S LECTURE.—The second lecture of this gentleman on Temperance, in this city, wee given at Fulton Hall, on Wednesday evening last. Mr. White Is net so pleasant or eloquent a speaker as Mr. (lough, but there is a greater depth of thought am! argument in his ad dresses. The audience was a slim one, and Mr. White felt it sensibly, as it is hard for any man to speak toe beggarly IA of empty benches. Ile will deliver another lecture at the same place some night during this week which will be free. Mr. White is a very entertaining speaker. HON. EDWARD EVERETT. -Mr. EVERETT 11111 replied to the invitation extended to him by our citizens, through a committee, to deliver his lecture on W....4110010N. It will ho men by his letter, that his engagements will not permit him to deliver it at present, but be hopes that later in the season he may be able to risit our city. The follow ing is hie reply to the committee: PHILADZI.PLIIA, April 7, 1856. Gentlemen :-1 Lave received your obliging letter of the 2d, enclosing the resolves of a meeting of the citizens of Lancaster, inviting me to deliver my address on the char acter of Washington in that city. Other engagements put it out of my poorer to comply with your request before my return to Boston. If circumstances should enable me to do oo later in the season, it will afford me much pleasure. I remain, Gentlemen, faithfully yours, . . . EDWARD EVERETT. lion. Judge liuye+, Rev. Alfred Nevin, Theophilus Faun, E.g. RELIGIOUS.—The subject of the Rev. Dr. &tams's sermon, on next Sabbath morning, will be un answer to the question:—'4e the disembodied spirit lu a state of consciousness, during the time which intervenes be tween the death of the body and the Resurrection morn'?' The subject lea profoundly interesting one, and we have no doubt it will be treated with the Dr.'e well-known ability. Rev. J. ADEEL BALDWIN had resigned the pastorship of the let Presbyterian Church of this city. Ms congregation will deeply regret the loss of so ablating) eloquent a preacher and highly estimable gentleman. The Rev. Mr. DUNOND has entered upon the discharge of his duties, as Pastor of St. Pours German Reformed Church of this city. MOZART CHORAL ASSOCIATION.—This As sociation, composed of some forty or fifty of our best sing ers. will give a grand concert, in a week or two, at Fulton Hall. That spacious hall will, no doubt, be crowded to its utmost extent. It Is au toisoclation of which Lancaster may well feel proud. NIGHT WATCll.—Councils, at a special meeting, on Friday night, passed a resolution authorizing the appointment of a Night Watch to consist of nine per sons, one of whom shall be Chief. Mayor Zimmerman has made the following appointments: Chief—Jacob . Haag, 8. E. Ward. N. W. W.—Wm. Flick, James Rodgers, James Jones. N. E. W.—Peter Ruth, Samuel Manion. S. W. W.—Leonard Kissinger, Henry Myers. 8. E. W.—Samuel Oberly. FIRE AT THE POOR DOUSE—THE BARNS AND OUT-BUILDINGS, CATTLE, 110E3E8, GRAM, HAT AND UTENSILS ALL DESTUOTED.—Another incendiary conflagration took place at the Poor House on Thursday morning. A little after 2 o'clock in the morning, our citizens were aroused by the cry of fire, which proved to be the barns and other ont-buildings of the Poor House. Our Sire Companies pro ceeded to the wane of conflagration as quickly as possible, but too late to save any of the property that was then on fire, except the wash-house, which is about 100 feet long, and within 40 feet of the main building, and which was on fire several times. Had this burned, tho probability is that the entire establishment would have been consumed, as was evidently the object and intention of the incendiaries. Mr. Taylor, the Steward, attributed the Raving of the wash house in a great measure to tho exertions of Mr. John Ben edict, who stood upon the roof and appropriated the water that was passed up to him. The engines bad no water at Rust, excepting that which was carried to them, but event ually they succeeded in taking water from the plug opposite the Prison. The barn, which was 140 feet long and 40 feet wide, partly Moue and partly frame, was consumed, together with 000 bushels of oats, threshed, 65 bushels of rye, 25 tons of bay, a quantity of straw, all the horse gears, harness, belonging to the proßerty ; 36 head of cattle, of which 24 were valuable cows, 2 bulls, 2 fat beeves, and 8 young heif ers ; 4 valuable horses burnt, and one so badly injured that is feared he will be useless. The whole loos at a low esti mate, may be set down at V 5,000, on which there is no In surance. .; In addition to the barn, the pump house, a small build ing 18-or 20 feet square, containing many useful articles, was also destroyed. The Wash House stands west of the main building and nearest to It. The Pump House stood still farther west, about 90 feet from the Wash House. The Barn stood still further west, about 200 feet from the Pump House. The morning was still but the air was from the west, and had there been much wind it would have been impossible to live either the main building or the Hospital, which Is east of It. The fire was first discovered by the females In the part of the Poor House next the barn. about 2 o'clock, and they gave the alarm. It seems to have been set on fire at the north end, where there was a quantity of straw. It caused great excitement amongst the inmates, but Mr. Taylor suc ceeded in a great measure In quieting their fears, and made preparatiorito have them In a proper position for removal in case the house should take fire. The American was the first engine on the ground, being the neareet, and dicLyaluable service. It was supplied with water from the cistern, pump and spring. The other en gines obtained water from the fire plug In front of the prison by Joining hose. The smouldering ruins were a melancholy sight, even yesterday afternoon—the bodies of the cows and cattle, half consumed, with chains around their necks, still burning, was anything bat a pleasant sight. Our citizens in city and county have now the mel ancholy demonstration that incendlarlesare about,aud every good citizen should be on the alert to bring them to justice] Every person sleeps in danger whilst they go at large.— Friday's Daily. 04. D GUARD. For the Intelligencer. Messrs. Editors.—On glancing over the columns of the " Examiner & Herald," of April 9th, my eyes rested upon the publication of the examinations of the Paradise Graded School, and the Primary School of the same place, held on the 20th of March last, upon which occasion the pupils of the schools presented the teachers with Gold Pens and Pen cils, as a mark of their respect. Each of the teachers de livered au address upon the occasion ; which on reading I fancied a similarity to exist, with something I had read before. My conjectures were too true; for on looking over the Examiner of January 23d and the "Press & Republi can ' , of January 19, to my astonishment I found, (the first of the before mentioned addresses,) nearly word for word, delivered extempore, by P. H. Gochnauer, Esq., in "Har mony School," in Providence twp., on a similar occasion, on last New Year's evening. Now, Messrs. Editors, I do not know whether addresses are public property or not, but I think that filching the offsprings of another man's mind, and appropriating them tb your own use for the purpose of display, se in this case, Is a most reprehensible practice, and deserves severe casti gation. My motto is,‘ honor to whom honor in due." Mr. Goeh nauer has caned out his own notch in the Temple of lame, and has seta glorious example of industry and perseverance to the young. lle has adopted teaching as his profession, not from an expectation of pecuniary gain, but from a de. sire to do good; and believing that ho could accomplish the greatest amount in teaching he chose that, as the field for his labors.' JUSTICE. Strasburg ';wp., 1816. SNOW IN TNE ALLEGELLNY MOUNTAINS. - There is a tolerable prospect that in the moun tains of Virginia there will remain snow enough to afford good sleighing during the entire summer. A correspondent of the Har dy-Whig, writing from Pendleton county, says the snow in the Allegheny Mountains at this time, (the Ist inst.) averages about 5} feet in depth; and the writer is informed that it is drifted in some places to the depth from 100 to 150 feet—so that the topmost branches of the tallest trees are barely projecting above the surface. Col. John W. Forney. Col. Foams; our' former townsman, who held the post of Clerk of the House of Repre sentatives during tho 32d and 33d Congresses by election, and who filed its laborious and delicate duties at, the commencement of the present session with so much credit to himself and satisfaction to the. body, has, as will be Been by the annexed paragraph from the Wash ington Star, closeci his official connection with the government by ' a prompt and satisfactory settlement of his accounts. The unanimous vote of thanks, and the more substantial tes timony proffered t i p him by the House when these mutual relations were about to cease, sufficiently attest the high estimation in which he was held by thdae who were best qualified to judge of his me r its.—North American. " A PROMPT Awn ACCURATE. PUBLIC OFFI CER.—We heard mentioned, yesterday as a commendable instance of despatch in the set tlement of a large account, that Col. Forney, late Clerk of the House of Representatives, had, on the Ist init., within an hour after re ceiving an informal reportof adjustment from the office of the first Comptroller, finally clos ed his accounts, by simply transferring to the United States the balance standing to his credit on the hooka of the Treasury, there be ing not, one cent :of 'difference between his statement, as rendered, and that of the De partment. His disbursements, we learned on inquiry, covered transactions running through four years of official service, and embraced the expenditure of over two millions of dollors, under about seventy different heads of appro priation. From these facts, and from the fol lowing dates, some idea may be had of the celerity of his movements so far as he had con trol of the settlement. The Committee on Ac counts of the Ilouie,who first audit the expen ses of that body, passed upon the last of Col. Forney's vouchers about February 25th, and on the 29th of the 'same month he sent them for settlement to the Treasury. On the Ist of April he was informed unofficially of the adjuetmen of the final account, and within an hour after, he closed by making the transfer stated above. This promptness reflects much credit indeed upon Col. Forney, and his chief (and financial) clerk, Mr. McKean, and furnish es to the many friends of Col. F. another in stance to justify their confidence and esteem. Public Opinion BUCHANAN IN Missisurri.—The Paulding (Miss.) Democrat comes to us with the name of James Buchanan, at its head, for the Pres idency. The Democrat says : It is thought in well informed quarters, that Mr. Buchanan will receive the vote of the Old Dominion in the Cincinnati Convention. The State has always voted as a unit in nominat ing candidates for the Presidency, from the Congressional caucus, by which General Wash ington was nominated, down to the-Baltimore Convention. This; appears singular, too, frbm the fact that Delegates to our Democratic Na tional Convention are elected there by the districts they represent, instead of being ap pointed as in mei' of the States, by a State Conveution. It is scarcely to be expected her delegates at Cincinnati will depart from this time honored custom, so that if the veteran Statesman receives any portion of the Virgin ia vote he will alinost to a certainty receive the whole. The voice of Virginia it is well known, will go further in controlling the nomination than hat of any other State. Most of the Southern States, whether wisely or not it is unne cessary to inquire; have generally followed her lead in national politics. The Fort Wayne (Indiana) Sentinel, of the sth inst., says : Mr. Buchanan is our choice. We look up on him as one of the ablest and purest states men of the day ; possessing all the requisites for President of this mighty Confederacy, he would command respect with foreign govern ments, and receive the cordial esteem and con fidence of his fellOw citizens at home. We should rejoice in ;his nomination, and labor diligently and zealously to secure his election. In announcing this preference, we mean no direspect to the other gentlemen named, nor should we feel the Aightest coolness or indif ference to any of his competitors who might receive the nomination. Mr. Buchanan's Return By the steamship Washington, which arriv ed at New York, On Sunday, the intelligence is that Mr. BUCHANAN intended leaving South ampton, for New York, in the steamship Ara go, on the 9th inst. If this be correct, he may be expected to reach this country about a week from this date. Another Democratic Triumph I The municipal election which came off at Chillicothe, Ohio, en the 7th inst., resulted in the complete defeat of the Know-Nothings and Black Republicans, and the triumph of the Democratic party by an average majority of 120 votes. Two years ago the Know-Nothing majority in the same City was about 200. The Chillicothe .4dvertiser says Taken all in all, this is a most decided tri umph, over Kno -Nothingism. The order that two years agolboasted a majority of about two hundred, and which last year was beaten on Mayor only 49 votes, is now beaten on Marshall, the test Candidate, 120 votes. With JAMES BUCHANAN as .the Democratic nominee for President, we can carry the city at the approaching November eleotion by a majority of 250: Kir TILE GREATEST DISCOVERY OFTHE AGE: — &A PROFESSOR WOOD'S HAIR RESTORATIVE.—This preparation, although lias thin two years{ before the pub lic owing to Its wonde ul effects upon the human hair and scalp, has already obtained a celebrity and sale perfectly unparallelled. It has Without the ordinary appliance used for such purposes, wonits Wifi u stad been heartily welcom ed to most of the cities end towns in the. United States the Canadas, and the West{ India Islands. Nor la this result surprising, when it is remembered that ita popularity is based upon its merits, seedy as established by actual teats. That this preparation will actually RESTORE GRAY lIAIR TO ITS NATURAL COLOR, produce a luxuriant growth upon the heads of the bald, prevent the hair from failing off, and when used as itollet article, produce a continual flow of the natural fluids, and thus regder the hair soft, glossy and wavy, destroy diseases of thl scalp, and expel dandruff, the certificates of distinguished gentlemen and ladies, in every part of the country who have tried It, and therefore speak what they know, most fully attest. Mtiroan, Worcester Co., Mass., Nov. 13th, 1855. Prof. 0. J. Wood—Dear Sir; I take. pleasure in bearing voluntary testimony to the magic effects of your wonderful Hair Restorative. As Air back as 1838 my hair commenced Calling off, until the top{of my scalp became bald and smooth as glass, and It bee continued to fall for a great many years, notwithstanding I havelused many celebrated preparations for its restoration. Seeing your advertisement, I was in duced to give your articie a trial, and to my utter astonish ment, I found after a few applications that my hair became firmly sot and assumed' very glossy and beautiful appear. ance; and, by the time 1 had used a quart bottle full, my' bald head was covered{ over with a young and vigrrous growth of hair, which is now from one to two Inches in length, and growing very feat. Yours truly, From the Roston Herald. • • Soft-mum WORTH KNONnito!--By using l'rofessor Wood's Hair Restorative, gray Hair tan be permanently restored to itsoriginal color. The subjoined certificate was received from Johnson & Stone, Gardener, Me., and is but one of the many Instances that are daily coming to our knowledge of Its wonderful effects. ;till no longer problematic, but n self-evident truth, as hundreds can testify. GAnniirne,•Me., Jane 22d, 1855. • • Mr. H. Dias—Dear Sir: 1 have used two bottles of Prof. Wood's Hair Restorative, and can truly say His the great est discovery of the age For restoring and changing the Hair. Before using it I was adman of seventy. My hair has now attained its original color. You can recommend it to the world without the least fear, as my case Erne one of the worst kind. Your*, respecthilly. I DANIEL N. MURPHY. CARLYLD, 111., Jane 27. I have used Prof. 0..1. Wood's Hair Restorative, and have admired Its wonderful effect. My hair was becoming, as I tkought, prematurely gray, but by the use of his Resters. tire it has resumed Its riginal color and I have no doubt, permanently so. SIDNEY BREESE, I l Ex-Senator United States. The Greatest Discovery • of the Age.—lt seldom occurs, that we notice, under any circumstances, patent medicines, restorativet, or anythilg of the kind, for we have a preju dice against mcst of th mc But candor compels us talio rite attention to thetertisement of'Prof. Wood'cllair tive. We are Juvenile to r Restoraequire anything of the kind, but some ins cos of its use have come to our knowledge which ahaajt assure US that it Is a sovereign remedy against the bat becoming prematurely gray. It is not a " Hair Dye;" but upon its application as directed, the effect is produced on tli r skin, which brings out the origin nal native colored hair, ithout stiffness, and gives it a glos eyaud natural appearance. We haveseen pardons who have used it, and they are miich pleased with IL—Missouri Re publican. 0. J. Woos. & Co., SIG Broadway, New York, and 114 Market St. Louis, Mo.,rreprietors. 1. W. Dyott &Sons, 1 2 North 2d st., Philada., Whole sale Agents. II Per sale by 11. A. Rick-avimai P Co., Medicine Depot, Lancaster, Pa-, and by 11. A. Shlreman, Columbia, and by Druggists generally. . mar 18 ly 9 fa- EVERY READER WILL PLEASE NOTICE TIIF. advertisement descriptive of Mr. BEARS' PICTORIAL FAMILY BIBLE, and t t2il for the printed catalogue of all our illustrated works. . To the nab:MU in the great art of selling Boriks, we would say that we firma a scheme for money making which is far better than all the gold mines of California and Australia. . r Any person wling to embark in the enterprise, will risk little by 'en gto the Publisher, $25, for which he will receive sample o pies of the Till= works, (at wholesale price.) carefully boxed, Waxed, and directed, affording a very liber4 per centage to the Agent for his trouble. With these h will KM be able to ascertain the mint saleable and order accordingly. Address (post-pald) 1 ROBvTim SEARS, Publisher, apr slt 12 : i 181 WWl= Ilt!tit, New York.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers