tzt;clt.i4/(4./c• VOL. L. 'reatest Agricultural of the Age! PATENTED, NOVEMBER 4, 1846, TO H. W. SMITH OF PARADISE, LANCASTER COVNTY. • PATENT LEVER DRILL; Or Grain Planter. riIHE advantages of this machine are fully estab lished by use and experiment, and are: Ist, A saving of from two to three pecks of seed per acre. 2d, An equal distribution of any given quantity of seed covered at an undbrin depth. • 3d, A saving of labor, as this machine can be made to complete from S io IS acres per day. 4th, The grain is not so liable to be thrown out by frost. sth, It stands stronger and firmer, grows ',lore rapidly, is not so liable to be injured by the ins!, and overcomes and outgrows the action of the 6th, Where these machines have been used, the saving of seed and increase of product amounted to from 10 to 25 per cent. The great characteristics of this niaclone, over all others ofthe kind, are its simplicity, durability, and economy, and the liicility ;ind certainty wok which it can be set nr altered, by a regulated index and gauge, to drill or plant any, given qdantity of per acre at any required depth. This machine is tnade with moveable teeth at present, to suit the unevenness of the ground. It will answer alike for rough and smooth laud. Manufactured by the Patentee at Concord, Lan caster county. Address to Paradise Poet (Mice— li. W. S NI IT 11, Patentee. AGENTS—Wm. KIRK PATRICK, Lancaster City. A. K. & A. L. WITIIIER, Paradise. Kr Revolving Horse-Rakes fur sale at the above places, and .at J. Rua,pe & Co.'s Hardware Store, Columbia. April 10, '49 Sprecher A Rohrees 'heap Hard- Ware Stare. TTARDWARE, Glass, Paints, Oils, and Varnishes at that long established•stand, East King st , Lancaster, formerly occupied by Howett & Krioder, a few doors east of the Court House, next door to the Drug Store of James Smith, and opposite Geo. Messenkop , s Hotel, which theyhave recently taken and where they.will carry on the business. :They most respectfully beg leave to invite the attention of their friends and acquaintances to their stock of Hardware, which they have just opened and will sell at the most reasonable prices, includ ing every variety of Iron and Steel, Latches, Locks, Bolts, Hinges, Screws, and all kinds of building Materials, every description of Files, Blacksmith's Bellows, Saddlery, best warranted . Edge Tools, Planes, and Veneers. Also a complete assortment of CEDAR WARE, such as tubs, buckets, butte] 'churns, together with every article in their line: They will keep constantly on hand every variety of Coal and Wood Stoves; also a highly approved COOKING STOVE. • The attention of young beginners is particularly called- to their full and complete assortment 0.1 household utensils.. • Determined to spare no pains to \ Tommodate purchasers, and by steady adherence ; to business, they expect to merit a 'continuance of the liberal patronage thus far bestowed upon them. GEORGE D. SPRECHER, REUBEN S. ROHRER. Old Metal and Flaxseed taken iii exchanve tier goods. _ jan 1 Notice to Distillers, AND ALL WHOM IT MAY CONCERN. WHEREAS, I, Jacob Weitzel, of the city of Lancaster, coppersmith, have received by let ters Patent, recorded in the Patent office in the ciiy . of Washington, certain useful improvements in the construction of Stills, which improvements consist of an additional tub, called a dr :lino tub, which is placed partly above the still, , r Aid' tub the doubler is inclosed, the beer which is pumped into the upper tub passes down by a plug pipe into the , doubling tub, where it is brought to a boiling stair _before it is let into the still, which pipe is opened or stopped when requisite by means of a plug made of wood, copper, or any other material. What I claim as my improvements are the above described doubling tub-and the, plug by which the beer passes from one tub to the other, or from the tub into the still. Having received in n forMation,amounting to proof, that my patent fix the above described improve ments has been violated by several distillers in this county and in various other places, I hereby Line notice, that unless those persons who have made use of my invention, or have it now in use, ‘vithom being authorized by .me, come forward and make fah rep a ration for having infringed my patent right, on or before the first day of March next, suit will be instituted against all and every such person-or JA'con wErrzP.L. tl-4 persons. Feb. 22, IS4B SAVIN : r „ INSTITUTION, MONEY Lo::r—By NOT CALLING AT Pin • rion ( — VTR friends and the public will please read. beinglthat we have just received a splendid assortment of DRY GOODS, &c.. which we will selkas low and perhaps a little lower than can be had elsewhere. The style and quality cannot be excelled by any other store in the city. We mosi cordially invite all to call and examine our stock of DRY GOODS, Cloths, Cassimeres, Veslings, Cfiangeable and Plain and Satin Stripe Alpacas, De Lains of various shades, Linen Lustre, Lawns, Gihghams, Calicoes, Hosiery, Gloves, Bleached and Unbleached Mu slins with a variety of other lbreigm and domestic . Dry Goods. .Grocerzes and Queensware, Tea, Coffee, Sugar, Molasses, with every article in the grocery line. Oranges, Lemons, Figs, Rai sins, Candies, Almonds, Filberts, Cream and Ground Nuts, &c. Baskets—French and other travelling, also mar keting-Baskets, with or without covers, basket Carriages, Chairs, &c. .51,1CKEREL. 150 Bbls. and bids. of the choicest brands— Mackerel warranted. TOBACCO AND SEGARS wholesale and retail We would especially invite the attention of all who wish to purchase articles at the lowest possi ble prices to call at No. SO North Queen St., under the Museum, two squares from the. Court House. PINK ER'FON S SMELTZ. ly- I 0 April 3, X 99 REIIIOY4L—T. C. WILEY, Fashionable Boot and Ladies Shoe Establishment. MHEnndbrsigned begs leave to return his thanks to the public for the eircourage ment heretofore extended to him, and to ac ..quaint his former patrons and friends and the pub lic.generally, that he has removed his fashionable boot and shoe store from North Queen to East King street, dirictly,opposite Mrs. Messenkop's Hotel, and - onb door east of James Smith's . Apotheeary, where he is prepared to do all ;work in his line Ut `business with neatness and despatch. He has on band a general assortment of French Si- Morocco Skins for Boots, to which branch of his business he devotes particu latattention, and guarantees his Boots to be made in the neatest and most fashionable manner. lie has also just received from the city an assortment of lasts of the most fashionable styles for Ladies Shoes. He also keeps constantly on hand an as sortment'of Ladies. , and Misses' Shoes of his own manufacture, which he is confident will give gen eral satisfaction, as they are made in the neatest and most fashionable manner. April 25, 1848 Varnish! Varnish WHE attention of Country Dealers, Coach Makers, Cabinet Makers and others using Varnish, is called to a large lot just received by the subscriber. It .embraces. Coach, Coach Body, Polishing, No. 1 Furniture, No. 2 ditto, Common ditto, Brown Ja pan, Scraping, Picture; Black and White. These Varnishes are from Smith's Celebrated Factory in New York, and are reputed the hest in this Country, They are put up in Barrels, Half Barrels, Kegs and Cane, and will be furnished- to dealers and others who purchase largely at Smith's Prices. GEO. A. MILLER, Druggist, West King Street, Lancaster, Penn's. April 17, ,49 3m-12 J UNIUS B. KAUFFMAN, Attorney at Law, - offers hie professional services to the public.— Office in Longenecker's building, Centre Spuare, next door to Kelidig>s Hotel. April 13, 1847. 11 Salt Salt! • GROUND ALUM, FINE AND DIARY SALT for sale in lots to suit purchasers, by June 12-3m-201 WILLIAMS & CLARKSON. ANOTHER SUPPLY of elegant SUMMER GOODS just received, which will he sold lower than ever! Lawns! Lawns.' 'Every description of style from 12 to rdi ets. Bareges .' Bareges .' Beautif u l French Goods, selling hum eta. upward. "Linen Lustres! Linen Tissues.' Bureges! new and handsome styles at reduced prices. White Dress Goodssi Plain, Figured, Striped and Plaid. Book iMuslins Rom l2' to 37! ets. ehegper than ever before sold. Gingipuns ! Ginglinnis ! endless variet - N TRY cheap and fast colors. Parasols! Parasols! The !nest complete assort ment in this city. Every color, style, quality and price. Mantilla Silks, Fringes and Gimp, Sacking, Linens,Braids, ke., Bonnet Ribbons, Blonds, Laces, Gloves, Hosiery, new styles and low prices, with a.general assortment of Cloths, Cassimeres, Veslings, Sununu Cloths, Linen Drillings, Tweeds, china Pearl, Braid and Palm Hats! a new lot cry cheap. Bich embossed Piano and 'table Cortrs—Svarlet and Black and other colors. Give a call and you will find a complete assort ment or CHOICE GOODS 'at prices that will nut tail to please. CHAS. .M. ERBEN Sc BROTHER. June 5, 1849. tf-Hi ;WILACE F. ISAAC R. DILLE{ Land and General Agency Office To non-residents owners of Illinois Lunds—holders ' of Illinois Indebtedness, and all persons desirous of purchasing Slate lands with Illinois scrip or bonds. rr HE undersigned would respectfully inform the ptiblic, that they have established in this City —the capital of the state of Illinoisa Land and General Agency Office for the transaction of all business appertaining thereto, within the limits of the State. All transactions relative to the purchase and sale of lands, examining lands and reporting their loca tion, anvantages and value, paying taxes, redeem ing land sold for taxes, investigating titles ' &c., buying and selling all descriptions of state indebt edness, this and every other description of business attached to a General Land Agency on the most extended scale, will be promptly and faithfully attended to .‘ ASH & DILLER SPRINGFIELD, March 14, '.19. REFERENCES. Hon. James Buchanan, Lancaster, Penn'a " Benj. Champneys, Reah Frazer, Esq., Wm. NI athiot, Esq., Roland Diller, Esq., Gabriel Davis, Esq., Hon. Daniel Sturgeon " Jas. Cooper, James Fox, Esq., Gen. Robert Patter " Adam Diller, Jos. L. Chester, Esq., Col. S. W. Black, Pittsburg, His Er! A. C. French, Governor Illinois Hon. Thos. 11. Campbell, Auditor • ‘• John Moore, S. H. Treat, " Lyman Trumbull, " J. Dean Caton, April 17, 1849. Schceneck Coach Manufactory. IHE subscriber respectfully informs his friends and customers, that he has now on hand a large stock of CARRIAGES, BUGGYS and ROCKA IVA VS, of the most approved Eastern/Patterns, trimmed in the neatest and newest style, and of workmanship that will be sure to recommend itself. Orders foe carriages will lie punctually attended to, and de livered at any place that may be requested. The subscriber is resolved to do his utmost to please his customers, and in regard to cheapness he is re solved not to be undersold by any shop in the state. Ile invites his friends to call and examine his work bcGtm purchasing elsewhere. Ile also returns thanks to his customers in different counties, who have so well supported him, thus far. Old carriages and produce taken,in exchange ILr new onus,—and all kinds of t ep . itirs executed with .cheapness and expedition—such as, painting and trimming old carriages. All kinds of Black smith and Wood work, belonging to my business, will lie executed. Letters must be addressed to .lESSE REINHOLD, Sclueneck P. 0., Lancaster County. May 1, 15.19. 64-14 rpHE subscribers hare taken the Coal Yard on Prince Street, in the city of Lancaster, lately owned and occupied by Messrs. B. & J. Reinhold, where they intend keeping a general assortment of COAL FOR FAMILY USE, such as Lykens' Valley, Baltimore Company, Pine- Grovc, Shamokin, Pittston, Re., with a great variety of Coal ror lime-burning awl Sulphur Coal for smithing. Also, a general .ISSORTMENT OF LUMBER. • kill be kept constantly on hand. Having made ar rangements with the Saw Mills, every kind ar hit stidi will be furnished at the shortest notice. . . . . It is the intention of the subscribers to give their personal attention to the business; and their object -sill he at all times to please and accommodate all who may litvor them with their custom, pledging themselves to sell as low as any others in the city of Lancaster or its vicinity. Now is the time for Bargains! B. F. SHENK, R. 11. LONG. In retiring Ruin business, our friends and the public generally have our thanks for the very libe ral patronage they bestowed upon us while in busi ness, and hope the same may be extended to our successors, Messrs. Shenk & Long, as we are confident they will merit the confidence of the public. B. & J. REINHOLD. May 27, ,49 IS SIMON .1. YOUNG, Merchant Tailor, p ESPECTFULLY informs his friends and the public that he haere-commenced business at his old stand in North Queen Street, between the Post Office and the hotel of Emanuel Van Kanan, lately occupied . by George Spurrier, where he will always have on hand a large assortment of ready made CLOTHING of every description, made up in the best and most substantial manner, under his own immediate supervision, and which will be Fund upon trial to be inferior to none in the city. lle returns his sincere thanks to the Farmers and Drovers, and to the public generally for the very liberal patronage extended to hint during former years, and he respectfully solicits a continuance of their Ilivors. [May 15,'49—16 WILLIAM S. AMWEG, " ATTORNEY AT LAW : _ - - Offers his professional services to the public. He also attends to the Collection of Pensions, and the prosecution of all manner of claims 'against the General Government. His residence in the city of Washington for several years, the experience de rived from the duties of the office which he filled during that time and the mode in which claims of this sort are most speedily adjusted, give the most ample assurance that business placed in his hands trill be attended to in such a manner as can not fail to afford satisfaction. T. C. WILEY. U:l3 • . • - . • Office in South Queen Street, second house below the Lancaster Bank. — March 27,'49 ly-9 --- - A LEXANDIIR L. HAYES, A TTORNEY AT LAW: Office—West King Street, next door below C. Hager & Sou's Store. January 9, '49 JOHN A. HIESTAND, ATTORNEY AT LA W, Office in West King Street, four.ll door West of c. Peter Reed's Hotel, Lancaster: ancaster, May 15, 1849. *Gm- 15 G EORGE W. M>ELROY, ATTORNEY AT LAW, • Of f ers his professional services to the public. Office in Centre Square, in the room formerly occupied by -M. Carpenter, Mayor. [May 1,'49-14 JONAS D. BACHMAN, ATTORNEY AT LAW: Office in Market Square, in the room lately occupied by G. W. M'Elroy, Esq. april 24 '49 tf-13 JOB PRINTING neatly and expeditiously exe muted at this office. New Goods AT ERSEN , S CtIEAP STORE! In the National House Building AT THE CAPITAL OF ILLINOIS, CITY OF SPRINGFIELD. New Holland, Penn'a U. S. Senate Harrisburg, Penn'a son, Philadelphia, " Treasurer Judge Supreme Court suENI: & LoNws Coal and Lumber Yard THAT COUNTRY IS THE MOST PROSPEROUS, WHERE LABOR COMMANDS THE GREATEST REWARD.,:—BucilAriAx CITY OF LANCASTER, TUESDAY MORNING, JULY 31, 1849 Enlogiunt on the Life and Eharac ter of Ex-President Jas. K. Polk, DELIVERED BEFORE THE CITIZENS 01 1 LANCASTER, AT TIIF. LUTHERAN CHURCH, ON THURSDAY EVENING, JULY 19, 1.81:). BY E. W. HUTTER. FELLOW CITIZENS: We have met this evening, for the discharge of a solemn duty. In obedience to the irreversible decree of Nature, another character of eminence and worth has descended to the tomb, and we have convened to pay a last and - suitable tribute to his memory. To and the virtues, re count the services,and celebrate the achievements of the illustrious dead, is an employment shared even by the rude insensibilities of barbarism, and in which sentiments of gratitude and piety are hap pily intermingled. The pen of the poet, the pen cil of the painter, the skill of the sculptor, and the passion of oratory, have all been involed, to award to departed greatness the meed of a well-earned posthumous homage. Whilst this displays our gratitude to the dead, it operates as one of the strongest incentives to virttle among the living, - urging them to similar achievements of usefulness and honor. The motive which prompt to these observances are also eminently liberal and elevated. The incense of flattery, offered to the living, too, often springs from the interested promptings of personal and political ambition. Not so. when rendered to the cold and lifeless remains of the de parted. Tu them the perfume of praise, and the mildew of detraction, are alike indifferent as the murmuring of the hollow wind through the tomb which encloses their ashes. Of the illustrious men, who at successive periods have been elevated to the high office of President of the United States, but three remain. WASH gNGTON, "first in Tar, first in Peace, and first in the hearts of his Ckuntrymen," sleeps in quiet re pose at Mount Vernon,. on the banks of the beau tiful Potomac. JEFFERSON and ADAMS, like Saul and Jonathan, were "lovely in their lives, and in death they were not divided." By a coincidence in which the hand of God was most remarkably displayed, they were simultaneously summoned to "another and a better world," on the very day, on which, half a century before, they had signed the Declaration of Independence. MADISON is 110 more, although the emanations of his gigantic mind are immortal. The pure spirit of MONROE also winged its flight to immortality on the anniversary of Independence, as if Providence had desigeed to multiply the proofs of its special superintendence of the affairs of this favored country. The brave HARRISON died in one brief month after his Inau guration,—a most fearful proximity of the ante climax of Power and Weakness—Grandeur and Nothingness. Yesterday the dispenser of patron age, to thousands--to-day-, the most powerless of them all ! The Patriot JACKSON sleeps nt the side of his sainted wife beneath the willows of the Hermitage, but his memory will live whilst " the earth bears a plant or the sea rolls a wave."— If his life was glorious, a yet more transcendent lustre shone in his triumphant Christian death— for the last rays of his declining sun were even more brilliant than when it stood at its meridian. The junior ADAMS, "full of years and of honors," almost the last link in the chain that hinds the Present to the Past, fell, like a second ens-max "in the Senate chamber." And now, too, the country mourns the death of JAMF.S K. POLK, whose body has returned to the dust, and whose spirit to the Father who gave it. Mr. Pomr was born, November 2, 1195,. in Mecklenburg,. North Carolina. This is regarded by many as the least flourishing of all the Ameri can States. Owing to her sluggishness in the march of improvement, she has been facetiously styled the " Rip Van Winkle" of the States. But that from her loins there has sprung such a. man as JAINIK,i K. POLK proves that the most unfriendly soil is no harrier to the production and cultivation of native genius. It is said, that music, poetry, and eloquence, are often best appreciated in the rudest regions. We know not if this be true, but certain it is, that a high degree of moral and intel lectual culture is often discovered where nature has been least lavish of her bounties. eJA MKS K. POLK was of highly respectable pa rentage. The branch of the tinnily front which he descended, residing in North Carolina, took an honorable and conspicuous part in the struggle which separated our infant colonies front Great Britain. In the passage of the celebrated Meck lenburg resolutions, whose authenticity has recent ly been fully established by discoveries made in the British State Paper office at London, by Hon. Gsonec Bescaor-r, the great uncle of the Presi dent was the prime mover. These resolutions were passed in May, 1775, more than a year an terior to the Declaration of Independence, and may be properly characterised the fare-runner of that imperishable State paper. But I alit to speak of JAM - E 5 K. POLK himself— not of his ancestors—for a man's origin, after all, in your speaker's opinion, forms the least part of his merit. It is within the compass of man to de termine the season and the manner of his death, but over the events which signalize his birth he exercises no agency. Occasionally, as with the poet HOMER, it is difficult to ascertain when and where a man was first ushered into the world.— Doubtless a descent fom respectable parentage is desirable. It stimulates a generous and aspiring son to maintain untarnished, and even to augment by fresh acquisitions, the inheritance of ancestral , fame. But in this republican country where there are no letters-patent of Nobility, no man of right understanding will make a boast of, his lineage. JAMES K. POLK did not, like the Minerva of Grecian fable, spring into the maturity of a perfect character at a single bound. As in stature, so in usefulness and fame, he grew by slow degrees.— We find him, at the age of twenty, a student at College, distinguished, not for his vices, but for his virtues—untiring in i is application to his studies, —deferential and submissive to his preceptors,— kind and respectful to his fellow-students --faithful in his attendance on the religious exercises of the institution—correct and decorous in his general de portment, and, as an inevitable consequence, the vie tor in the struggle for intellectual distinction. Who can doubt that here was laid, deeply, broadly, and securely, the foundation of his future triumphs? We find him next, at the age of twenty-four, a student at law, in the office of the late FELIX GRUNDY, for many years himself a distinguished public character. At the bar, we find him noted for the profundity and extent of his forensic knowledge, quickness of perception, soundness of judgment, and eminent logical talent. We next follow him Jo the House of Representatives of Tennessee, to which he was elected and re-elected in 1823 and '2s,—an able and industrious working member, I not content with reading the daily newspapers, and franking documents, but rendering every possible I substantial service to his constituents. We see i him next, at the age of thirty, in the year 1825, I elected to the Congress of the United States, with In ne or two exceptions the youngest member of the body. His maiden speech here was in favor of. a proposition to amend the Constitution, so as to prevent the choice of a President of the United States from devolving, in any event, on Congress. He served fourteen years in that body, and during five sessions he was the presiding officer. Never, since the organization of parties in the United States, were the political elements more deeply agitated than during this period. In the fearful struggle against the U. S. Bank, Mr. POLK was, as it were, the right arm of President JACKSON, and as Chair Man of the Committee of Ways and Means, contributed largely to the success of his administration. He was next elected, in 1839, to the office of Governor of Tennessee, another iht portant round in the ascending ladder. In all these several stations he realized the most sanguine expectations of his friends. Had his day of pro mise miscarried in either, the failure would, most likely, have been irretrievable. 'But in none of them did his reputation suffer shipwreck. And now, we milt e at the .c,rowning point of his history. By the Democratic National Conven dolt, assembled at Baltimore, in May, 1844, lie was nominated, on the 7th ballot, for the Presiden cy of the United States—the most exalted 'civil trust known among mankind, because conferred by the voluntary suffrages of_millions of indepen dent and enlightened freemen, and before which the trappings of hereditary nubility dwindle into Lilliputian insignificance. This nomination was not obtained, it was tendered—a generous, free will, offering! After an animated contest, Mr. POLK was elected—and elected over whom Over no no mean competitor! Over HENRY CLAY, . a statesman of such colossal intellect, such high ' toned and chivalric bearing, and whose public career has been signalised by a series of such brilliant national services, as to have made him the idol of his friends, and to extort, occasion ally, the tribute of praise from his bitterest foes.— ' That Mr. POLK, from humble beginnings,:worked his way to this lofty summit, at all, was a noble consummation, but it derived additional force from his having won the prize from HENRY CLAY.— "I like, " said Lord 111.1.sserxim, "that popularity which follows, not that which has to be run after." This kind of popularity Mr. POLK enjoyed in all its plenitude. We are now to speak of the public acts of Pre sident Pori, and it is our sincere desire " nothing extenuate, nor aught set down in malice." The first duty of his administration was to con summate the ANNEXATION or TEXAS. Although he had exercised no agency in the initiatory steps of this great measure, except to write a letter in its favor, yet lie had to complete, what others had so auspiciously begun. Nor was the subject free from difficulty. Among ourselves a powerful and. influential party resisted it to the last, whilst in Texas a secret opposition amongst those in high places was more than suspected by the masses, who were unanimously and enthusiastically in its favor. Nor was this all. It was a notorious fact, that our inveterate foe, Great Britain, who has ever viewed our rising greatness with the same de gree of jealousy, with which Satan is supposed to have viewed the primeval innocence of our first parents in Eden, exerted every effort to defeat it— and that even Prance, forgetful of all the hallowed associations of the past, conspired with her. But against all these influences the sagacity of Mr. Tom:, sustained by the giant arm of Public Opin ion, was more than an over-match. The final rati fication of the treaty took place in a People's Con vention, held at Galveston, on the 4ra OP JULY, 1845, thus addipg fresh glory to this consecrated day. The leading, vent of Mr. Pomes administration was doubtless bhp Nl.Exi CAN Wen. From the en sanguined lulrcpreof the battle field, every humane heart abust„,shria. aghast. "War is a realized Cer bertis, gasping •with ten thousand throats, each thirsting for bloed. But from the days of Nimrod, the mighty hunter of men, wars have existed, and will, doubtless, continue to exist, until the dawn of that prophetic period, when the "wolf shall dwell with the lamb and a little child shall lead them." The sword should never be unsheathed, until every peaceful expedient has been exhausted, and this has ever been the policy of the United States. It was so in the trying crisis of the revolution, in the war of 1812, and again in the war with Mexico. To ask fir nothing that is not clearly right, and to submit to nothing wrong, is the golden maxim upon which we have ever acted. That the war was provoked by Mexico, we have the authority of the Congress of the United States for declaring, which, with but two negajive votes in the Senate, and fourteen in the House of Re presentatives, resolved that it existed by her act. The people of the United States not only believe, they feel this to be true. For years the Mexican government had injured, insulted and goaded us. She committed spoliations upon our commerce, and when we thought we had obtained redress by treaty stipulations, she paid no more regard to them than if they had been written in the sand. We pursued redress like an ignis fatuus, that was ever present to the eye, and ever distant from the grasp. Many years before the annexation of Texas, AN DREW JACKSON declared that we had sufficient cause for declaring war against Mexico. It may sound paradoxical, but it is not the less true, that in her weakness consisted her impunity, for had site been powerful like ourselves, we would doubtless have nipped her belligerence in the bud. Filially the crisis came, when forbearance had ceased to be • a virtue, and when we were compelled, eithe; in the valley of humiliation to lick the dust, or assert our sovereignty by the sword. When we beheld our Minister, bearing in his hand the olive branch of Peace, contemptuously rejected, and a hireling soldiery sent to invade the State of Texas, and on our own soil shedding the blood of our citizens, our country would have become a by-word and a reproach to all nations, had she not repelled the invaders, and by every honorable means sought " indemnity for the Past and security for the Fu ture." Among nations, a state of War on the one side, and of Peace on the other, is impossible.— stance or annihilation is the alternative. 'hen the decisive moment came, andthrough out the prosecution of the war - , the bold decision, the unwavering confidence, and the exalted moral courage of Mr. Por.x shone conspicuously. With a clearness not to be mistaken, he marked out his line of policy, and fearlessly committed it to the execution of the gallant spirits who had flocked around their country's standard. It was remarked of him, that his knowledge of the localities in that far-olf country, which he had never visited, was as thorough and accurate, as if he had himself been at the head of our troops. With trembling anxie ty did he await the arrival of every fresh intelli gence from the South, and when it spoke of vic tory, his heart leaped in his bosom and his eyes sparkled with joy. Well was it for the country, then, that it had a JemEs K. POLK at the head of the cabinet,•and a ZACHARY TAYLOR at the head of our armies. By the former, assisted by his able and patriotic cabinet, the plans for the prosecution of the war were matured with the wisest and most enlightened forecaste—and by the latter, and the co-operation of such brave and gallant officers as SCOTT, BUTLER, QUITMA N, WORTH, DAVIS, PAT TERSON, SMITH, SHIELDS, and other kindred spi rits, together with the thousands of unpretending men of the rank and file, (too often overlooked in the apportionment of praise,) our Flag was planted in triumph upon the highest mountain-cliffs of Mexico, demonstrating, beyond the possibility of cavil, the invincibility of American arms. Hail holy flag of Freedom ! Who does not more than ever before rejoice, that he is an American citizen ! The Mexican war has conduced more to elevate our republic, in the eyes of all nations, than the COMP. bined events of the preceding half century, and there now clusters around the Anierican name . . such an accumulation of national grandeur and glory, prosperity and power, as is without a paral lel in the annals of the world. If the war was glorious, thrice glorious was the treaty of Peace. As the sword was not drawn without cause, so was it not sheathed in dishonor. . . . . By it, we acquired those immense possessions, known as New Mexico and California, the latter a realm of enchantment, whose mountains and rivers of gold throw the tales of the Arabian nights in the shade. As yet, we doubt whether the most dreamy imagination has conceived the influence which these acquisitions will in the course of time exercise un the condition of the United States.— Our own citizens, stimulated by the love of gain and adventure, are flocking to this new El Dorado, whilst the oppressed and down-trodden of every clime are seeking our shores by thousands, and filling up the vallies of the mighty West. From convulsed Germany, from the vine-clad hills of France, and from famine-stricken Ireland, they are coming, not singly or in files, but by batallions.— And " the cry is still they come." "Suffer them to come and forbid them not." neht capable of supporting an hundred millions of people, and still have room to spare. They will add, by their wealth, and their industry, to the common stock, and contribute to make this the most opulent empire on earth. And " all things shall work together for good." Commerce pro ceeds from a selfish principle of our nature, the love of gain. But the Most High often over-rules man's selfishness for the advancement of His own infinite purposes. By the construction of a rail-road across the isthmus, and the building of the necessary steamships, our trade will soen be broight to the doors of China, and as commerce is ever the sure precursor of Christianity, nay not our nation become, what the Apostle Paul was to the Gen tiles, a " chosen vessel " for the spread of the Re deemer's Kingdom among the millions of benight ed Idol-Worshippers of the East. Mr. Pols settled the Oregon question, and that without Woodshed and without dishonor. By un- ravelling this Gordian knot, he accomplished what MONROE, and ADAMS, and CALHOUN, and CL Sr, and WEBSTER, and GALLATIN, and Rcsu, and UPSHUR, and EDWARD EVERETT, and TYLER, and others,had all exerted themselves to accomplish, but in vain? He settled this complicated and long adjourned controversy, despite the almost hopeless embarrassment in which he found it, owing to the unfortunate concessions of preiious administra tions. By his sagacity, intrepidity, and firmness, he drove imperious England, who had never been driven before, except at the point of the sword, into concessions, which, by her ambassadors, she had repeatedly declared she never would make.— Again and again had she insisted on the Columbia river as the only line of compromise, and Mr. PAKENHAM declared the offer of the 49th parallel "inconsistent with fairness and equity, and with the reasonable expectations of the British Govern ment." Yet did she finally agree to this proposi tion, and the London press admitted, that Brother Jonathan had again got the better of John Bull. Had the Senate been animated by a similar spirit, Vancouver's island could have been also obtained, as the British Government, it is well known, was ready, rather than engage in a war with the 'United States, to agree to any terms, which did not in volve positive dishonor. But the Senate, forming a co-ordinate branch of the treaty making power, by a vote of two-thirds, had openly disparaged the title to the whole territory, and this, too, in open session, in the presence of the British Minister, and this effectually extinguished our prospect of securing it all to ourselves. The wlible country must, however, rejoice, that the dispute was ad justed peaceably. And here we would remark, what in justice we dare not omit, that there is one, besides Mr. POLK, to whose agency the country is largely indebted for the settlement of this vexed controversy. We re fer to our distinguished fellow-citizen, JAMES Bc- GUINAN. The letter of this eminent Statesman to Mr. PAKENHAM, on the Oregon title, was as warm ly admired and eulogized in Europe, as amongst ourselves, and was translated into different foreign languages. By this, as by all his other negotiations, Mr. BUCHANAN proved to the world, what the world had been loth to believe, that Diplomacy, to be successful, must not necessarily, or at all, be the associate of low craft and specious cunning, but, on the contrary, is compatible with the strict est Justice and the loftiest Virtue. lie proved, in other words, that to be a successful negotiator, it is not required to be a Sir GILES OVERREACH. 'From the extension of our territory, many dread the ultimate dismemberment of our Union. We regard these as groundless fears. Our institutions are sui generis, differing from those of all other republics, ancient or modern. It is no under-esti- j mate of the importance of the General or Central Government, to say, that it, could be abolished this night, and, except for its concerns with Foreign Powers, be scarcely missed. The great conserva tive element of our institutions resides in the State Governments, which are so many distinct repub lics, discharging all the functions which more im mediately affect the citizen. These can be ad minstered, as well, whether the number of States I be ten or fifty. Rome possessed a vaster empire than our's. It is true she lost her liberties, but I not on account of her extended territory. As in France now, and in England, her government and laws proceeded from a central point—and when this fell, the whole fabric tumbled into ruins. The British once possessed themselves of the city of ' Washington, and imagined they had captured the whole country. Vain delusion! They had made a miserable conquest, paying them but poorly for their trouble, and had they nor, in the spirit of a barbarous Vandalism, burnt down the capitol, tiny might have slept there for a few weeks, and wel come ! Had they taken the capital of the small est of the States, it would have been much store a catastrophe. The linancial and revenue policy of Mr. POLK were alike brilliant and successful. At his bidding, the Sampson "of Commerce arose, and brake asun der the green withs and ropes in which restrictive 'legislation had bound him. By the new tariff, our trade has been vastly extended, and our revenues greatly increased—and 'by the Independent Trea sury system, the Government is lifted above every improper and hurtful dependence. It is among the noblest of their praises, that by these two mea sures, in the hottest period of the War, the Public Credit was not only preserved unshaken, but that foreign and domestic capitalists offered heavy pre miums for Government Loans—and that millions of specie were transported to Mexico, and disbursed among our troops, with little or no loss to the Gov ernment. We .doubt whether the history of na; tions can furnish a parallel to these truly splendid results. We pass on to notice, as briefly as the subject will permit, the leading traits which adorned the character of the Ex-President. Mr. Pow.; was, in the literal sense of the word, a Statesman. Thoroughly familiar with the politi cal history of the country, he was never at a loss to contribute largely to the elucidation of any great principle or measure. His speeches in Congress were forcible, perspicuous, and impressive. His ! messages as President are among the choicest spe cimens of official composition. His style was 1 purely English, and unencumbered by useless and' ambitious ornament. He wrote to convince, not' to dazzle—to be understood, not to be admired— 1 He had the Nappy faculty of presenting his ideas to the minds of others with the same clearness that he perceived them himself. The narrations of the causes that led to the Mexican War, and of the 1 events which - signalized its prosecution, contained 1 in his messages, are remarkable alike for their sim plicity and fidelity, and contributed, more than all the speeches in Congress, the arguments of the press, or the declamation of the rostrum, to con vince the public mini of its justice and necessity, and to stimulate the patriotism of the country to assert its injured rights and honor. To the elo- ' quent, yet plain and unpretending, recital of our' Wrongs, by the President, must we ascribe much 1 of the glowing and irrepressible zeal of our brave 1 volunteers, in abandoning their families and fire- , sides, to follow through the chapparals, the burning 1 sands, the mountain-passes, and the pestilential vapors; of far-off Mexico, the flag of their country. And it is not the least of Mr. POLK ' S merit, that he left the Presidency with a much higher repu tation as a Statesman than he brought into it.— His was an advancing, not a retrogade, reputation. He didmot commence the ladder of fame, mid-way, and then descend. He commenced it at the low • est round, and gradually and steadily ascended to its summit. Mr. POLK was a pure and disinterested Patriot. He was as devoted to his country, her fame, her rights, her honor, and her institutions, as if they had been his immediate personal concern. No .. - man could be more warmly wedded to the integri ty and perpetuity of the American Union. He had heard the gallant JACKSON swear upon the altar of his country, that "the union must and shall be pre'served," and he renewed the oath on the same hallowed altar. He knew, that as by Union our liberties were gained, so by Union alone they could be transmitted unimpaired to posterity. He knew that upon the basis of the Union rests our nationality, and that in no other character is it possible for us to "levy war, conclude peace, con tract alliances, establish commerce, and do all ether acts and things which independent states may of right do." He knew that it is the flag of the Uni ted States, which, in our intercourse with Foreign Powers, commands respect and inspires terror, and which, waving in triumph over land and sea, is kissed as a kindred spirit by the unfettered winds of heaven, He knew, too, that a dismemberment of the Union would ring the death-knell of the republic, and blast, as with lightning, the hopes of ' the millions in other lands, who are struggling to escape the chains of Despotism. Setting this value upon the Union, he addressed no unworthy appeals to sectional prejudices ; never spoke of geograph ical distinctions, except to deprecate and condemn them ; and never sought to " alienate one portion of our country from the rest, or to enfeeble the We have a conti sacred ties which now link together its various parts." May this Union be forever spared from a President, who shall minister to sectional prejudi ces, and who can prove so forgetful of hie high trust, as to weaken the bond of our national broth erhood! Mr. Patx was strictly a moral man. His par sonal character was without spot or blemish.— Possessed of more than Spartan uprightness, no species of dishonor ever dared to approach him:— General JACKSON, who knew him from his boy hood, said of him " A citizen more exemplary in his moral department, more punctual and exact in his business, more energetic and manly in the ex pression of his opinions, and more patriotic, does not live." The National Intelligencer, the leading Whig journal of the country, said: Of Mr. Polk as a private gentleman, and as known to us in his domestic add social relations, we have no disposi tion to speak otherwise than with entire respect." It was much to his credit,.that during his service in Congress he was never involved in any of the broils that so frequently disgrace it—and it is a fact, which the whole country has heard with pleas ure, that during his Presidential term the " White House" was the home of the strictest decorum and propriety. A great portion of this credit is justly due,however, to his excellent and beloved Christian wife. Possessing an excellent character himself, Mr. Polk was also an excellent judge of the character of others. As Brass has it, he could 1 . " Keek through every other man, Wi' sharpened, sly inspection." This is fully verified in the selection of his Cab inet, which was confessedly one of the ablest that has ever been formed in this country. The port WALLER was once asked by James the Second, how he liked a portrait of the Princess of Orange. He said, in reply, that it resembled the greatest woman in the world, Queen Elizabeth. " I won der that you should regard her as the greatest, al though I must confess she had a wise, coencil." " And, sir," replied WALLEn, " did you ever know• a fool to choose a wise council." There was sound philosophy contained in the poet's question. Mr. POLK was a decided party man, but not, as many erroneously imagine, a violent one. Per fectly sincere and conscientious in his opinions, he was bold and fearless in their avowal. But this intrepidity was never taintedikry intolerance. The rights which he claimed to exercise himself, he as freely conceded to those holding different opinions. He loved hiS party much, but he loved the Consti tution of his country still more, and this he knew guarranteed to every man the most unrestricted freedom of political opinion. Perhaps none of our Presidents disp;ayed a higher feeling of independence than Mr. POLK.— Whilst•he ever yielded' a becoming, deference to the wishes and opinions of his friends, and especi ally of those whom he had- selected to assist him in the administration of the 'Government, he was emphatically himself the President, and acted and felt like one personally responsible for results to God and the country. In dispensing the Executive ,patronage, the most delicate and unpleasant part of his high trust, he was invariably governed by mental and moral fitness, and when he had personal knowledge on these most important points, he suf fered no factious political considerations Whatever to prevail against the applicant. General Jsre i SON himself, the man of the Iron Will, did not act a more independent part in the bestowal of ap pointments. Mr. Pons was remarkable tbr his industry.— The habits of close application he had formed in early life, as a student, he maintained throughout the whole of his public career. At college, it is stated, he never missed a recitation, and in Con gress, during his service rf fourteen years, he was never absent at a call of the yeas and nays.— During his presidential term, his devotion to the public business was unremitting. In season and out of season he was at the post of duty, neglect ing no single public concern that devolved on him, whether it affected the whole Union, or only the rights of a solitary citizen. The immense mass of papers relating to appointments, passed under his personal inspection, and were considered with the calmest and most respectful attention. This was a task, which required the vigilance of an Argus, and the toil of a Hercules, hut Mr.PoLx, feeble as he was in physical constitution, proved himself fully equal to It By many, Mr. POLK was adjudged to possess an austere and even morose temper, void of benevo• lent and social sympathy. But this opinion was based upon a superficial knowledge of his charac ter. The immense amount of labor he was com pelled to undergo, and the pressure of his often fearful responsibilities, doubtless rendered him ab stract and thoughtful—whilst the conflicts of rival place-hunters were well calculated to fill his heart with the canker of distrust. In a public man, how ever, these sterner qualities of the heart constitute, perhaps,lhe safest depository of power, as too great a fund. of human sympathy is frequently abused by the ambitious and designing. Those who knew Mr. POLK best say, that in his social intercourse he was a most agreeable, animated, and instructive companion, and that his heart and his purse were always open to the appeals of charity. Mr. Poi.h was also eminently a magnanimous man. Displaying true courage, he could rise, as on eagle's wings, above the petty passions and prejudices which so often fling their dark shadows over the most gifted minds. What more admirable than his conduct towards HENRY A. WIS H of Virginia—who, on the floor of Congress, in the impetuosity of passion, sought to inveigle him in a scandalous broil—but sought in vain. After his induction in the Presidency, he found Mr., Wise holding, by appointment from President Tylei., a most important and desirable foreign post—that of Charge d'Affaires at Brazil. How easy to re call him on the instant, and "return evil for evil," had he desired. Did he so act fNo ! He deemed it unbecoming the President of the U. States to avenge the injuries, real or supposed, of the Speaker of the House of Representatives, and Mr. Wise held his office, until he voluntarily returned. Here j was a sublime exemplification of true dignity. One such act of exorcism of the demon Revenge from the soul, reflects a more resplendent lustre, than the triumphs of a mighty 'conqueror on an hundred battle-fields, stained with gore. Happy is he in ! this life, thrice happier shall he be in the life to come, who writes his wrongs, not in marble, but in the sand ! " How beautifully falls, From human lips—that blessed word Forgive Forgiveness ! 'Tis the attribute of God— The sound which openeth Heaven—renews again Hope's halcytin halo o'er the waste of life. Thrice happy he, whose heart has been so schooled In the meek lesson of humility That he can give it utterance. It imparts Celestial grandeur to the human soul." But Mr. POLE was more than magnanimous.— His conduct sometimes lose to the character of a I true and lofty Chi:miry. Vie will here relate a cir cumstance, in proof of it, which came under our own observation. To the post of Consul at Bremen, I one of the Hanseatic or Free Cities, President Tr ! LER had appointed A. DUDLEY MANN, Esq., a eiti zen of Ohio. In the scramble for place, which characterises all incoming administrations, Mr. POLK, among his first official acts, removed this gentleman, and issued a commission to WitcrAm H. ROBERTSON, Esq., of Philadelphia. Some time thereafter, h , wever, circumstances conspired to convince the President that he had recalled in Mr. MANN one of the ablest and most efficient of the consular corps—a fact, to which none more readi ly assented than Mr. ROBERTSON himself, who was willing to return, but to which the former, seeing that he had an excellent successor, would not ac cede. This proceeding was so highly honorable to both these gentlemen, that President Pout re solved to retain both in the service of the Govern ment. Mr. ROBERTSON remained at Bremen, and Mr. MANN, although of opposite politics, was ap pointed for Trieste, the better post of the two.— True, the nomination was subsequently withdrawn from the Senate, but only to be exchanged for yet more important appointments. Rarely is the pur suit of office relieved by incidents, so highly hon orable to all the parties interested. Such is the history, and such the services and the character of JAMES K. Por.x. It has been said, that "a great man, like a great picture, must be viewed at a distance, to appreciate all its beauties!' We cannot doubt that when the tide of passion and prejudice shall have spent its force, the "honest chronicler" of future days will award to him the meed of a well-earned fame, and to his administra tion the merit of as much ueefultiess as any that has ever existed in the land. Certainly none has surpassed it, either in respect to the variety or the magnitude of its results,Od as the American-peo ple are eminently pract 1, they look to results, rather than to speculativeipeories. Here are the recorded facts, looming out on the page of history, an Ettlogium infinitely more eloquent than any which'the discriptive energies of language could offer. But yesterday, as it were, we beheld Mr. POLK bidding farewell to the crowded courts of the capi tal, to seek in retirement the repose which his ex hausted frame and wearied mind demanded. Oh! what a joyous deliverance was that! As when the captive escapes from his cell, to roam abroad among the enchantments of nature—as, when the caged bird, escaping from its bars, wings its flight to the, mountain forest. Arrived at his elegant and peaceful mansion, in that State, which had so long and so often honor'd him, he was once more under his own vine and fig tree, where he hoped to rest from his labors, and enjoy contentment in the contemplation of ,the arduous and •eventful Past. And who could lay claim to a more pleasing and delightful retrospect! Fame and fortune had literally poured their treasures into his lap, and the summit of human ambition had now been at tained. The trophies of a quarter century lay scattered in rich profusion at his feet, and he had only to rest upon his hotels and be content. It was his intention, in company with his excellent and de?.,mted wife, shortly to visit Europe, and to travel extensively in the countries of the old world. But, alas, what a sad dash hath the tyrant Death made in the reckoning. Alike regardless of the past, the present, and the future, he came, " like a thief in the night," and gathered this eminent man, in his season of proudest triumph, into his ever yawning garner. Oh ! how 'Many fond anticipa tions did he leave unfulfilled—how many bright visions unrealized. The places that once knew JAMES K. POLK, shall know him no more, forever. There is a vacant chair at the saddened hearth, an added grave in the cemetery. Conjugal affec tion looks around for its beloved partner, but he is not there. It is well that the stricken Mourner knows in whom she has believed, and does not mourn as one without hope. And such is human greatness! To employ the eloquent and striking metaphors of a' renowned Grecian orator: It is "as the vision of a night, and the illusiep of a dream—when the day returns, they are blotted from existence. It is as the flowers of•the spring, when the spring departs, they are all withered. It is as a shadow, that appearetff for a little while, and then vanisheth away. It is as smoke, that is drs solved—as a spider's web, that is torn—as a bub ble of water that is broken! Nothing is more imbecile or more empty than the affairs_ of men. Whatever term might be employed to denote their vanity, the illustration would still be insufficent.— To call them a blade of grass, a smoke, a dream, a flower, is to stamp a dignity upon them, for they are, less than nothing." What is man's history ? Boin, living, dying, Leaving .the still shoM for the troubled wave, Struggling against storm-clouds over ship- Wrecks flying, And casting anchor in the quiet grave." The Prayer of Habakkuk It is said of Dr. Franklin, that during his long residence inParis, being invited to a party of the nobility, where most of the court and courtiers were present, he produced a great sensation by one of his bold movements, and gained great applause for his ingenuity. According to the custom of that age and Country, the nobles, after the usual ceremonies of the even ing were over, sat down to a free and promiscuous conversation. Christianity was then the great topic. The church was always ridiculed, and the Bible was treated with unsparing severity. Grow ing warmer and warmer in their sarcastic remarks, one great lord commanded, for a moment, univer sal attention, by his asserting Ma round voice, that the Bible was nit only a piece of arrant deception, but totally devoid of literary merit. Although the entire company of Frenchmen nodded a hearty as sent to the sentence, Franklin.gave no sign% of ap proval. Being at that time a court favorite, his companions could not bear even a tacit reproof from a man of his weight of influence. They all appealed to him for his opinion. Franklin. in one of his peculiar ways, replied, that he was hardly prepared to give them a suita ble answer, as his mind had been running on the merits of a new book of rare .excellence, which he had just happened to fall in with at one of the city book stores; and as they had pleased to make al lusion to the literary character of the Bible, perhaps it might interest them to compare with that old. volume the merits of his new prize. If so, he would read them a short section: AIL were eager to have the Doctor read a portion of his rare book. Ib a very grave and sincere manner, he took an ! old book from his coat pocket, and with propriety of utterance read to them a poem. The poem had its effect. The admiring listeners pronounced it the best they had ever heard read. That is pretty," said one. "That is sublimity," said another. "It has not its superior in the world," was the unanimous opinion. They all wished to know the name of the new work, and whether that was a specimen of its contents. "Certainly gentle men'' said the Doctor, smiling at his triumph, -My book is full of such passages . It is no other than your good for-nothing Bibl; and I have read to you the prayer of the prophet Habtikkuk." Let every reader learn wisdom from this incident, and learn to appreciate the equalled - sublimities to the Bible. The Three Boys. From the Cleaveland Plain Dealer, Joly I Ith. The three boys who died at the cholera hospital, yesterday, were 'found in the rear Of ali tle, mis erable Dutch tavern - . They had been tell by the steamer Troy cn the dock during the night. The children were known to have the cholera, and were refused admittance into any of the houses about there. In this, condition they lay out In the open air all night, the parents not daring to leave them, patiently waiting the morning, when white folks should be about. They had money—all they wan ted was a place to lay their heads. It was late the next morning before they were found by Dr. Hewitt, who immediately wrapped them in blankets, and asked permission to take them into said tavern , until he could find a place for them. The keeper refused even to have them carried through his house, and they were taken in the arms and carried round a back way to the street. Attempts were. made to get a dray to carry them to the hospital, but no drayman would even lend his cart for Such a purpose. The doctor appealed to several of their own countrymen, (for they were foreigners,) and reproached them with inhumanity, to let such fine boys die for the want of a little . timely assistance. It Wasmear an hour before the', children were got to the hospital—one was iirthi collapsed state, the other two not so bad.., - .The doctor administered to them, the hospital phYsiefin being absent: He then left them to attendinot&r patients, but 'sent his medical student with ptesiiiP tibns, to attend them during his absence. By a strange sense of professional etiquette, the hospital keeper reitiso to have Dr. Hewitt's prescriptions followed up, unless concurred in by the. regular hospital physician, or until it could be ascertained that Dr. Hewitt would make no charge to the city for his services. Dr. Hewitt being 'absent, his clerk• could not answer for him in this particular, and so the "reg ular" physician commenced his treatment, without knowing what medicine had been given, While these matters of etiquette were settled much pre cious time was lost, and the "three boys," during the day, died. THE PRESENCE or Gon.—Let everything you see represent to your spirit the presence, the excel lency and thee, power of God, and let your Conver sation with the creatures lead you unto the Creator, for so shall your actions be done more frequently with an actual eye to God's presence, by your often seeing Him in the glass of'the creation. In the face of the sun, you may see Gods beauty; in the fire you•may See His heat warming; ir. the water His gentleness to refresh you; it is thedew of heav en that makes the earth give you bread.—!Jcrenisi Taylor. NO. 27
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